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1
Ireri, Kioko, and Jimmy Ochieng. "Politicians in Newspaper News: Who Attracts Coverage in Kenyan Politics." International Journal of Press/Politics 25, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 675–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161220915719.
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The present research examines the coverage of 349 Kenyan politicians in four English national newspapers between 2013 and 2017. Within the contexts of media coverage based on news values, and reporting as a mirror of political reality, the study investigates whether gender, tribe, party size, seniority, committee or party leadership, commenting on corruption and devolution, and criticizing the government predicted the visibility of members of parliament (MPs) in newspaper news. Findings show that seniority, committee or party leadership, commenting on devolution and corruption, and criticizing government emerged as the main predictors of the parliamentarians’ coverage in news media. Overall, committee or party leadership, commenting on corruption, and criticizing the government were the strongest determinants of the MPs coverage.
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Kerubo, Joyce O., Agnes W. Muthumbi, John M. Onyari, Edward N. Kimani, and Deborah Robertson-Andersson. "Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of creeks along the Kenyan coast, Western Indian Ocean (WIO)." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 19, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v19i2.6.
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Microplastic pollution has been recognized as a global threat in marine environments and a danger to prey, predators and humans. Yet there have been limited studies in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and along the Kenyan coast making it difficult to estimate the extent of such pollution. This is the first study on microplastics (MPs) in the surface waters within creeks (Tudor, Port-Reitz and Mida creeks) in Kenya. Sampling was done in January/ February and September 2018 to collect microplastics from surface water. Neuston nets of 500 μm (large) and 250 μm (medium) size were towed for ten minutes and 50 litres of seawater sieved through a 20 μm net (small) in three replicates. The samples were digested in 10 % Potassium Hydroxide, sieved, and then filtered with cellulose nitrate membrane microfilters. Concentrations of total microplastics, different shapes and colours were established under a microscope. High concentrations of small size (20-250 μm) MPs were encountered and Tudor and Port Reitz had higher concentrations compared to Mida Creek. The study provides data on microplastic concentrations within the creeks and recommends focussing on small size microplastics for monitoring purposes, which due to their high concentrations can be hazardous to organisms.
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Ishiyama, John, and Jeremy Backstrom. "Reconciliation and Conceptual Complexity: The Case of Post Conflict Kenya." African and Asian Studies 10, no. 4 (2011): 366–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921011x605607.
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Abstract This paper examines the level of conceptual complexity illustrated by members of the Kenyan parliament following the end of civil conflict that had been precipitated by the contested December 2007 presidential and parliamentary elections. Who is more likely to engage in rhetoric that is more complex (and hence more reconciliatory) the opposition or the governing party?: Ministers or other MPs? Using machine coded text analysis of parliamentary debates over the proposed reconciliation government in March 2008, we find that complexity scores were lower among representatives of the parties that were the principal protagonists in the civil conflict and lower among ministers of government than were representatives from other parties or non ministerial members of parliament.
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Zhou, Suhua, Shuaikang Zhou, and Xin Tan. "Nationwide Susceptibility Mapping of Landslides in Kenya Using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Model." Land 9, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120535.
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Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is a cost-effective tool for landslide hazard mitigation. To date, no nationwide landslide susceptibility maps have been produced for the entire Kenyan territory. Hence, this work aimed to develop a landslide susceptibility map at the national level in Kenya using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method. First, a hierarchical evaluation index system containing 10 landslide contributing factors and their subclasses was established to produce a susceptibility map. Then, the weights of these indexes were determined through pairwise comparisons, in which triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) were employed to scale the relative importance based on the opinions of experts. Ultimately, these weights were merged in a hierarchical order to obtain the final landslide susceptibility map. The entire Kenyan territory was divided into five susceptibility levels. Areas with very low susceptibility covered 5.53% of the Kenyan territory, areas with low susceptibility covered 20.58%, areas with the moderate susceptibility covered 29.29%, areas with high susceptibility covered 29.16%, and areas with extremely high susceptibility covered 15.44% of Kenya. The resulting map was validated using an inventory of 425 historical landslides in Kenya. The results indicated that the TFN-AHP model showed a significantly improved performance (AUC = 0.86) compared with the conventional AHP (AUC = 0.72) in LSM for the study area. In total, 31.53% and 29.88% of known landslides occurred within the “extremely high” and “high” susceptibility zones, respectively. Only 8.24% and 1.65% of known landslides fell within the “low” and “very low” susceptibility zones, respectively. The map obtained as a result of this study is beneficial to inform planning and land resource management in Kenya.
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Hallberg, David. "Recognising Local Experiences for the Success of Vision 2030 in Kenya: Using Pen-Pals in Education as a Case." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v2i3.30.
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This study takes account of the everyday-life experience of a group of women in a resource-poor environment in Kenya. They are part of a group that the Kenyan Government wants to include in their investments in order to enhance social and economic equality. The overall purpose of the study is to learn about the potential impact of such investments on women in resource-poor environments in Kenya. In fulfilling its purpose the study takes into consideration (1) experiences of everyday-life among women in Lunga-Lunga and (2) maps strategies to recognise these experiences. The results of the study are expected to be fruitful as regards planning strategies that are of use for Vision 2030 and the development of Kenyan society. The study was carried out in two steps: the first consisted in participatory action research and the second was a follow-up study. To guide the study the notion of ‘experience’ is critical. During sessions and in letters to their pen-pals, the women express feelings regarding cultural, family, and health issues. For instance, some of the feelings experienced have arisen because the women are isolated from the larger world outside their own immediate environment and lack literacy skills. The study will be useful in planning governmental actions that strive to better recognise and educate citizens–especially women–in resource-poor environments.
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Okinyi, Fredrick Otieno, Joshua Dower, Germaine Serubuga Makory, Christy Orndorff, Jarred Gallegos, Edwin Indalo, Helena Musau, et al. "Integration and delivery of palliative and supportive care." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.97.
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97 Background: Pediatric palliative care (PC) and end-of-life (EoL) planning and support for children, families, and providers are under-developed in Kenya. PC providers in Kenya want to build advocacy and teams to support children with life-threatening or limiting diseases and their families. Methods: KEHPCA in collaboration with UoN/KNH and US pediatric PC providers solicited applications from across the country to participate in a weeklong “train-the-trainer” workshop. The program was entirely devoted to pediatric PC and EoL care and is the “first-like” workshop to our knowledge. The program incorporated a variety of teaching and training tools that were used to support children, their families and caregivers suitable for the Kenyan setting. The cases of 7 children (7 mos. to 11 yrs) served as the focal point for training including extensive role-play scenarios. Results: The workshop convened 9-13th July 2018 in Nairobi. KEHPCA selected 31 providers from among 130 across Kenya to participate and included medical officers, nurses, pharmacists, psychosocial workers, spiritual care, and a school teacher. Expectations were identified by participants at the start, pre- and post-conference surveys were completed, and the identical survey was submitted twice to more than 5,000 physicians listed in the Kenya Board of Medicine directory. There is a lack of awareness of the importance of PC by physicians listed in the directory responding to the same survey. The workshop was well received and ways forward identified. Conclusions: There is consensus among participants that there are five critical gaps in pediatric PC in Kenya: 1) PC requires an interdisciplinary team; 2) interdisciplinary family visits are seldom done; 3) there is a need to facilitate EoL and serious illness conversations with families/guardians and children as appropriate (adolescents in particular); 4) identify ways to support the legacy of infants and young children who pass away; and 5) a clear desire to support the healthcare team. These observations will form a solid departure point for developing programs and ways forward for Kenyan children with life-threatening illnesses. [Supported in part by: KEHPCA and NIH grant nos.: D43 TW009333.]
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Mutisya, Patrick M., Peter K'Obonyo, Kennedy Ogollah, and James M. Njihia. "Mediation by Organizational Design in the Influence of Organizational Ambidexterity on the Performance of Large Manufacturing Firms in Kenya." Journal of Management and Strategy 11, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v11n4p10.
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The aim of this study was to establish the role of organizational design in the organizational ambidexterity - performance relationship among large manufacturing firms (LMFs) in Kenya. The studies linking ambidexterity to organizational performance are few and with mixed findings. The few studies indicate that there is no clear ambidexterity - organizational performance relationship. The research was founded on dynamic capabilities and configurations theories. Based on the reviewed literature, a conceptual model and hypotheses were formulated. The study was guided by positivist philosophy. The population of the research was the entire 107 Kenyan large manufacturing firms (LMFs). Cross-sectional research design was used. Primary data in respect of predictor variables was used and was collected using a structured questionnaire. The respondents were the senior managers of the large manufacturing firms (LMFs) in Kenya; namely Chief Executive Officers/Managing Directors (CEOs/MDs) or General Managers (GMs), or Heads of departments (HODs). Descriptive statistics, correlations, linear, multiple and hierarchical regressions were applied in the data scrutiny and interpretation. The study results showed partial organizational design mediating role in the organizational ambidexterity - performance association of LMFs in Kenya. The study findings are useful to practitioners and managers of LMFs, policymakers in government as well as scholars and researchers. The study recommends further studies on the mediating role of organizational design, different variable operationalization, diversify respondents and context as well as longitudinal study.
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Mattes, Robert, and Shaheen Mozaffar. "Legislatures and Democratic Development in Africa." African Studies Review 59, no. 3 (December 2016): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2016.83.
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Abstract:Afrobarometer data collected three decades after Joel Barkan’s pioneering survey of rural Kenyans confirm his insights that voters stress MPs’ linkage roles in terms of representation (carrying views upward to the capital) and constituency service (bringing goods downward from national government) over their institutional roles (lawmaking and oversight). And, contrary to conventional wisdom, they prefer collective goods for the constituency over private goods. An African Legislatures Project survey of 822 MPs in seventeen countries revealed, however, that MPs misinterpret this as a demand for material goods and development and underappreciate the demand for representation, prompting—among other things—the adoption of controversial Constituency Development Funds.
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Knopke, Ekkehard. "Headbanging in Nairobi: The emergence of the Kenyan metal scene and its transformation of the metal code." Metal Music Studies 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/mms.1.1.105_1.
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Mbore, Clement Karani, Jane Sang, and Joyce Komen. "Management control system, organizational processes and institutional performance of technical training institutions in Kenya." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 8, no. 6 (October 26, 2019): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v8i6.539.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the Moderating Effect of Management Control System (MCS) in the relationship between Organisation Processes and Institutional Performance of Technical Training Institutions (TTIs) in Kenya. The study was a cross-sectional survey in nature and used explanatory research design with the population obtained from the TTIs that were registered with the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST) and Technical and Vocational Education and Training Authority (TVETA) by 2015. The main research instrument was a closed-ended questionnaire. The hypotheses in this study were tested using Hierarchical Moderated Multiple Regression (MMR) and the study found that organization processes had a significant positive influence on the institutional performance of TTIs in Kenya. The study findings indicated that the estimated coefficient was 0.555 indicating that organization processes had a significant influence on institutional performance. Further, the study found evidence that (i) MCS moderates the relationship between organizational processes and institutional performance, (ii)) MCS had a moderating effect on the relationship between organizational processes and institutional performance of Technical Training Institutions (TTIs) in Kenya.
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Maina, Anderson, Ian Veldman, and Henning Ploug. "NMISA, KEBS, BKSV tri-lateral vibration comparison results." ACTA IMEKO 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v5i1.298.
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National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and calibration laboratories perform Inter Laboratory Comparisons (ILC) as part of their processes to validate their measurement capabilities (MCs). In the area of vibration (quantity acceleration) the Kenyan Bureau of Standards (KEBS) piloted an ILC, inclusive of two additional participating laboratories for this purpose. This technical review documents the calibration results and findings of the ILC.
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Koeva, Mila, Claudia Stöcker, Sophie Crommelinck, Serene Ho, Malumbo Chipofya, Jan Sahib, Rohan Bennett, et al. "Innovative Remote Sensing Methodologies for Kenyan Land Tenure Mapping." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020273.
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There exists a demand for effective land administration systems that can support the protection of unrecorded land rights, thereby assisting to reduce poverty and support national development—in alignment with target 1.4 of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is estimated that only 30% of the world’s population has documented land rights recorded within a formal land administration system. In response, we developed, adapted, applied, and tested innovative remote sensing methodologies to support land rights mapping, including (1) a unique ontological analysis approach using smart sketch maps (SmartSkeMa); (2) unmanned aerial vehicle application (UAV); and (3) automatic boundary extraction (ABE) techniques, based on the acquired UAV images. To assess the applicability of the remote sensing methodologies several aspects were studied: (1) user needs, (2) the proposed methodologies responses to those needs, and (3) examine broader governance implications related to scaling the suggested approaches. The case location of Kajiado, Kenya is selected. A combination of quantitative and qualitative results resulted from fieldwork and workshops, taking into account both social and technical aspects. The results show that SmartSkeMa was potentially a versatile and community-responsive land data acquisition tool requiring little expertise to be used, UAVs were identified as having a high potential for creating up-to-date base maps able to support the current land administration system, and automatic boundary extraction is an effective method to demarcate physical and visible boundaries compared to traditional methodologies and manual delineation for land tenure mapping activities.
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Kinyua, Kevin, Prisca Muange, Benard Makenzi, Charles Kimani, and Aurora O. Amoah. "Applying Quality Improvement Strategies to Health Services for HIV-Affected Mother–Baby Pairs in Rural Kenya." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821985797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219857977.
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The Partnership for HIV-Free Survival (PHFS) was piloted in rural Kenya using a quality improvement approach to integrate nutrition with prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services. Data were collected in a preintervention baseline (January 2013 to August 2013) and 3 periods during implementation (September 2013 to June 2016). Integration of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support (NACS) in PMTCT and retention of mother–baby pairs (MBPs) in care showed significant increase over time: The MBPs receiving NACS increased from a baseline median of 15% to 88% ( P ≤ .05), and the proportion of MBPs retained in active care increased from a baseline median of 19% to a median of 66% ( P ≤ .01). Declines observed in the number of HIV-exposed infants who tested positive for HIV at 18 months were not statistically significant. The PHFS was successful in integrating NACS into PMTCT services and increasing retention of MBPs in care in Kenya.
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Saputra, Dicky Hendra, Andre Sugiyono, and Brav Deva Bernardhi. "PRODUCTION PLANNING RAMBAK CRACKER TO MEET DEMAND AT UMKM DWI JAYA KENDAL." Journal of Applied Science and Technology 1, no. 01 (February 15, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jast.1.01.6-11.
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UMKM Dwi jaya merupakan suatu perusahaan kerupuk rambak yang terletak di Jl. Kyai Guru Sulaiman, Pegandon, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah 51357. UMKM Dwi Jaya membuat dua produk yaitu kerupuk rambak sapi dan kerupuk rambak kerbau. Di UMKM Dwi jaya sendiri menggunakan sistem make to stock yaitu membuat suatu produk akhir untuk disimpan dan kebutuhan konsumen akan diambil dari persediaan di gudang. Tingkat persediaan tergantung pada waktu respon permintaan pelanggan dan tingkat vabilitas permintaan.Perusahaan tersebut memiliki sebuah masalah yaitu jumlah permintaan yang dihasilkan lebih banyak dari jumlah produksi yang ada sehingga menyebabkan kerupuk rambak tersebut mengalami kekurangan, Tindakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu membuat rencana produksi agar dapat memenuhi permintaan tepat waktu, tepat jumlah dengan biaya minimum yaitu dengan melakukan peramalan produksi dengan menggunakan Exponential smoothing kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan perencaaan agregat dengan menggunakan metode heuristik dan penjadwalan produksi menggunakan Master Production Schedule (MPS) sesuai dengan metode heuristik yang terpilih, Setelah itu MPS akan diverifikasi dengan menggunakan menggunakan Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) agar bisa mengetahui layak tidaknya jadwal dari MPS tersebut. Lalu dilakukan rekomendasi perbaikan untuk mengurangi biaya produksi, biaya simpan dan biaya tenaga kerja dengan menggunakan metode-metode yang tepat.Dari hasil penelitian, forecasting dengan menggunakan metode Exponential smoothing dan metode moving average menghasilkan peramalan terbaik total permintaan untuk kerupuk rambak sapi sebesar 88625 gram dan untuk kerupuk rambak kerbau sebesar 89390,52 gram, pada Aggregate Planning dengan menggunakan metode heuristik didapatkan hasil dengan solusi terbaik adalah solusi pengendalian persediaan (level strategy) total biaya terendah sebesar Rp. 0. (MPS) sesuai dengan solusi terbaik pada Aggregate Planning dan sesuai dengan kapasitas mesin dan pekerja yang telah di verifikasi menggunakan Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP)
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Perzanowski, Matthew S., Lucy W. Ng'ang'a, Melody C. Carter, Joseph Odhiambo, Peter Ngari, John W. Vaughan, Martin D. Chapman, Malcolm W. Kennedy, and Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills. "Atopy, asthma, and antibodies to Ascaris among rural and urban children in Kenya." Journal of Pediatrics 140, no. 5 (May 2002): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2002.122937.
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Njore, Catherine M., Charles Mwangi Kimari, and Kuria Thiong’o. "Initiative aiming to introduce children to maps in Kenya." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-93-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The age at which one is introduced to cartography and map making skills has been identified as a major factor in creating interest and awareness in mapping, more so when incorporated in the education system. Additionally, participation of children in various cartographic arts and maps competitions develops their cognitive knowledge and skills. Despite this information, Kenya continues to lag behind in the incorporation of qualified cartographic products into the education curriculum. The objective of this project therefore was to sensitize the various education stakeholders in the country on the need to develop childrens’ cognitive skills and abilities at an early stage in their life. The project, which is at its initial stage, formulated under a book club called “ThinkWords” mainly targets primary school children (4&ndash;10 years) and is currently working with one of the schools based in Nyeri County, Kenya as a pilot project. The children are engaged in various activities which include maps and their uses. Currently the “ThinkWords” club has a membership of 50, which is inclusive of children and their teachers. The ultimate goal of the project is to convince the relevant education stakeholders in the country on the importance of introducing cartography in schools, by sharing the children’s work with the relevant government authorities and stakeholders on need of children themed maps in terms of symbology. The project is then envisioned to be rolled out to other parts of the country and eventually lead to the inclusion of cartographic training skills into the education system.</p>
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Kiptoo, Timothy Serem, Benjamin Kyambo, and Fredrick M. Awuor. "Adoption MIS in Middle Level Training Institutions in Kenya." Computer Science and Information Technology 2, no. 3 (March 2014): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/csit.2014.020303.
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Dupuis, Julien Pierre, Monique Gauthier, and Valérie Raymond-Delpech. "Expression patterns of nicotinic subunits α2, α7, α8, and β1 affect the kinetics and pharmacology of ACh-induced currents in adult bee olfactory neuropiles." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 4 (October 2011): 1604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00126.2011.
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Acetylcholine (ACh) is the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the insect brain, where nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission. In the honeybee Apis mellifera, nAChRs are expressed in diverse structures including the primary olfactory centers of the brain, the antennal lobes (ALs) and the mushroom bodies (MBs), where they participate in olfactory information processing. To understand the nature and properties of the nAChRs involved in these processes, we performed a pharmacological and molecular characterization of nAChRs on cultured Kenyon cells of the MBs, using whole cell patch-clamp recordings combined with single-cell RT-PCR. In all cells, applications of ACh as well as nicotinic agonists such as nicotine and imidacloprid induced inward currents with fast desensitization. These currents were fully blocked by saturating doses of the antagonists α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT), dihydroxy-β-erythroidine (DHE), and methyllycaconitine (MLA) (MLA ≥ α-BGT ≥ DHE). Molecular analysis of ACh-responding cells revealed that of the 11 nicotinic receptor subunits encoded within the honeybee genome, α2, α8, and β1 subunits were expressed in adult Kenyon cells. Comparison with the expression pattern of adult AL cells revealed the supplementary presence of subunit α7, which could be responsible for the kinetic and pharmacological differences observed when comparing ACh-induced currents from AL and Kenyon cells. Together, our data demonstrate the existence of functional nAChRs on adult MB Kenyon cells that differ from nAChRs on AL cells in both their molecular composition and pharmacological properties, suggesting that changing receptor subsets could mediate different processing functions depending on the brain structure within the olfactory pathway.
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HARRIS, J. ANDREW, and DANIEL N. POSNER. "(Under What Conditions) Do Politicians Reward Their Supporters? Evidence from Kenya’s Constituencies Development Fund." American Political Science Review 113, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055418000709.
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We leverage innovative spatial modeling techniques and data on the precise geo-locations of more than 32,000 Constituency Development Fund (CDF) projects in Kenya to test whether Members of Parliament (MPs) reward their supporters. We find only weak evidence that MPs channel projects disproportionately to areas inhabited by their political allies, once we control for other factors that affect where projects are placed, such as population density, poverty rates, ethnic demographics, and distance to paved roads. Notwithstanding this result, we find evidence for cross-constituency variation in political targeting, driven in large part by the spatial segregation of the MP’s supporters and opponents. Our findings challenge the conventional wisdom about the centrality of clientelistic transfers in Africa and underscore how local conditions generate particular incentives and opportunities for the strategic allocation of political goods. We also highlight the benefits and challenges of analyzing allocations at the project level rather than aggregated to the administrative unit.
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Tucker, Lindsey. "Gay Identity, Conjure, and the Uses of Postmodern Ethnography in the Fictions of Randall Kenan." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 49, no. 2 (2003): 306–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2003.0042.
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Morton, J. F. "Pastoralist parliamentary groups: a comparative study." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009352.
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Pastoralists (broadly speaking, people dependent on extensively grazed livestock for their livelihoods), are a vulnerable group of people who have been marginalised in developmental and political terms, and whose problems are very different from those of people in mainstream agricultural areas. Pastoralist Parliamentary Groups (PPGs), groupings of MPs concerned with the issue of pastoralism, have been formed since 1997 in the national parliaments of Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda (Mohammed Mussa 2004, Livingstone forthcoming a and b). A research project investigated the context, successes and failures of the three PPGs, using interviews with their members and other stakeholders and document review.
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Ongeri, D., and B. K. Kenduiywo. "BURNT AREA DETECTION USING MEDIUM RESOLUTION SENTINEL 2 AND LANDSAT 8 SATELLITES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (August 24, 2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-131-2020.
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Abstract. Forest fire is one of the most serious environmental problems in Kenya that influences human activities, climate change and biodiversity. The main goal of this study is to apply medium resolution sensors (Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2 MSI) to produce burnt area severity maps that will include small fires (< 100 ha) in order to improve burnt area detection and mapping in Kenya. Normalized burnt area indices were generated for specified pre- and post-fire periods. The difference between pre- and post-fire Normalized Burnt Ration (NBR) was used to compute δNBR index depicting forest disturbance by fire events. Thresholded classes were derived from the computed δNBR indices to obtain burnt severity maps. The spatial and temporal agreements of the Burnt area detection dates were validated by comparing against the MODIS MCD641 500 m products and MODIS Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) 1 km daily product hot-spot acquisition dates. This approach was implemented on Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform with a simple user interface that allows users to auto-generate burnt area maps and statistics. The operational GEE application developed can be used to obtain burnt area severity maps and statistics that allow for initial accurate approximation of fire damage.
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Bagi, Judit. "Female Political Representation in EAC States." Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 12, no. 4. (May 22, 2019): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2018.12.4.4.
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Almost all East African Community (EAC) member states have more than 30 percent female MPs in their national parliaments: Rwanda (61.3%), Tanzania (37.2%), Burundi (36.4%), Uganda (34.3%), Kenya (21.8%), and South Sudan (28.5%). What could be the reason for the fact that all EAC countries, except Kenya, are above the so-called ‘critical mass’ in the field of female political representation? In the last decades, both conflict and political transition have emerged in EAC countries. During the post-conflict period, gender norms and values (with a focus on gender quota regulations) have been implemented into national policies. The newly established liberal constitutions and gender policy creation have affected the status of East African women positively, although there is a big difference between the states concerning the effectiveness of gender policy-making. My paper (with the help of my field trips in Arusha and Kigali in 2015 and 2016) intends to contribute to a better understanding of EAC countries in transition, with an emphasis on the changing role of women in society, particularly in the important fields of gender politics and political representation.
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Baraka, Gachie Eliud, and Shadrack Kiana Murimi. "Stuck in the past with push-pins on paper maps: Challenges of transition from manual to computerized crime mapping and analysis in Kenya." International Journal of Police Science & Management 21, no. 1 (March 2019): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355719832620.
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Although crimes and the modus operandi of perpetrators across the world change constantly, some policing tools, especially in developing countries, remain the same. This study sought to assess Kenyan police officers’ satisfaction with the use of paper maps and push-pins (manual tools) in crime analysis, and identify challenges to the adoption of computerized tools such as geographical information systems (GIS) at a time when most operations are driven by technology. A descriptive survey targeting 120 Kenyan police officers was carried out at the National Police Service (NPS) headquarters in Nairobi, but only 94 (78.3%) officers responded. The study reveals that 42.3% of respondents found manual tools to be useful in crime mapping and spatial analysis, whereas 67.8% felt that they were easy to use. The study indicates that 55.0% of respondents were satisfied with manual crime mapping and spatial analysis, mainly because it was easy to use. The study also identifies several challenges to the adoption of GIS in crime analysis. The study concludes that majority of respondents found manual crime-mapping tools to be easy to use, but less useful although still usable in the absence of alternatives. The NPS should consider implementing pilot projects of computerized crime mapping and spatial analysis to allow stakeholders to assess police operations against multiple platforms.
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YAYAMA, YUKI. "APPLICATIONS OF A RELATIVE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE TO DIMENSIONS OF NONCONFORMAL EXPANDING MAPS." Stochastics and Dynamics 11, no. 04 (November 21, 2011): 643–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493711003486.
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Zhao and Cao (2008) showed the relative variational principle for subadditive potentials in random dynamical systems. Applying their result, we find the Hausdorff dimension of an n (≥3)-dimensional general Sierpiński carpet which has an irreducible sofic shift in symbolic representation and study an invariant ergodic measure of full Hausdorff dimension. These generalize the results of Kenyon and Peres (1996) on the Hausdorff dimension of an n-dimensional general Sierpiński carpet represented by a full shift.
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YAYAMA, YUKI. "Dimensions of compact invariant sets of some expanding maps." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 29, no. 1 (February 2009): 281–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014338570800014x.
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AbstractWe study the Hausdorff dimension and measures of full Hausdorff dimension for a compact invariant set of an expanding non-conformal map on the torus given by an integer-valued diagonal matrix. The Hausdorff dimension of a ‘general Sierpiński carpet’ was found by McMullen and Bedford and the uniqueness of the measure of full Hausdorff dimension in some cases was proved by Kenyon and Peres. We extend these results by using compensation functions to study a general Sierpiński carpet represented by a shift of finite type. We give some conditions under which a general Sierpiński carpet has a unique measure of full Hausdorff dimension and study the properties of the unique measure.
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Ombati, Mokua. "Crossing Gender Boundaries or Challenging Masculinities? Female Combatants in the Kenya Defence Forces’ (KDF) War against Al-Shabaab Militants." Masculinities & Social Change 4, no. 2 (June 21, 2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2015.1510.
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<p>Few institutions have historically presented more defined gender boundaries than the military. This study examines gender and war through the lens of military combat roles. Military combat roles have traditionally relied on and manipulated ideas about masculinity and femininity. Women arrive in the army with different types of capital and bring with them a shared cultural ‘tool kit’ (womanhood). Following the military’s labour allocation process, they are assigned combat roles, which is at variance to their gendered character. Assignment in non-traditional feminine roles means crossing gender boundaries. Ethnographic studies of the Kenya Defence Forces operations in Somalia reveal the different gendered characteristics of the military roles as reflected in the women’s soldiery experiences. The encounter with military power and authority challenges the women soldiers to redefine their feminine capital, to interpret the military reality via a gendered lens and, therefore, to critically (re)examine the patriarchal order. Grounded on the twin theoretical frameworks of socio-cultural capitals and cultural scripts, and structured on a gender framing of women’s military roles, the study illustrates the complex and contradictory realities of women in the army. The study unpacks the relationship between masculinity and femininity, and, war and the military. It underpins the value of the female soldier as a figurative illustration of the complex interrelations between the gendered politics of masculinity and femininity. It considers what the acts, practices and performances constitutive of female soldiering reveal about particular modes of governance, regulation and politics that arise from the sacrifices of soldiers in combatant.</p><p align="center"> </p>
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Kareinen, Lauri, Joseph Ogola, Ilkka Kivistö, Teemu Smura, Kirsi Aaltonen, Anne J. Jääskeläinen, Sospeter Kibiwot, et al. "Range Expansion of Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bats, Kenya, 2019." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 12 (December 2020): 3007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2612.202925.
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Ndonye, Michael. "Media, Elections, and Ethnopolitics in Kenya: In the 2017 Elections Reportage, Ethnicity still Mattered." ATHENS JOURNAL OF MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS 7, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajmmc.7-3-1.
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This study examined the value of ethnopolitics during media reporting of the 2017 electoral process in Kenya. The study relied on the political economy of media theory by Vincent Mosco the propaganda theory by Herman and Chomsky and the theory of agenda-setting by McCombs and Shaw. The study used descriptive research design with the population of the study drawn from Nakuru Town Sub-County. Our research relied on observation schedules to obtain data from the televised political analyses shows and propaganda political videos clip. Interview schedules were used for media practitioners (editors, reporters and media sellers) and politicians (MPs and MCAs), while unstructured questionnaires were used for the media consumers (audience). All qualitative data were processed and analysed using the critical interpretative approach, while the quantitative data were presented descriptively in tables, graphs, charts and percentages generated using SPSS software. The study findings indicated that during the 2017 electoral process in Kenya, political players used ethnopolitics to capture extensive media coverage. Similarly, there was a direct influence of ethnopolitics and ethnopolitical journalism on the media consumer knowledge and ethnopolitics normalisation. The study recommends that media, being the most influential cultural institution and player in the political economy, self-regulates to minimise ethnopolitics dissemination. The output of this study adds to the existing knowledge in communication and media studies and the political economy of mass media. The findings should be able to inform policy formulation among the mass media industry and media regulatory bodies in Kenya. Keywords: ethnicity, ethnopolitics, ethnopolitical oligarchy, political economy of communication
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Mikulic, Nadja, Mary A. Uyoga, Daniela Paganini, Edith Mwasi, Nicole U. Stoffel, Christophe Zeder, Simon Karanja, and Michael B. Zimmermann. "Consumption of a Single Dose of Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides Does Not Enhance Iron Absorption from Micronutrient Powders in Kenyan Infants: A Stable Iron Isotope Study." Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 1205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab007.
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ABSTRACT Background Long-term feeding of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) increases iron absorption in African infants, but the underlying mechanism and how long GOS need to be fed to infants to achieve an increase in absorption is uncertain. Objectives In Kenyan infants, we tested whether the addition of GOS to a single test meal would affect iron absorption from a micronutrient powder (MNP) containing ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and another MNP containing ferrous fumarate (FeFum) and sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA). Methods In a randomized-entry, prospective crossover study, iron deficient (87%) and anemic (70%) Kenyan infants (n = 23; mean ± SD age, 9.9 ± 2.1 months) consumed 4 stable iron isotope–labeled maize porridge meals fortified with MNPs containing 5 mg iron as FeFum + NaFeEDTA, or FeSO4, either without or with 7.5 g GOS. The primary outcome, fractional iron absorption (FIA), was assessed by erythrocyte incorporation of isotopic labels. Data were analyzed using a 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Results There was no significant interaction between GOS and the iron compounds on FIA, and the addition of GOS did not have a significant effect on FIA. There was a statistically significant difference in FIA between the meals fortified with FeSO4 and with FeFum + NaFeEDTA (P < 0.001).Given with GOS, FIA from FeSO4 was 40% higher than from FeFum + NaFeEDTA (P < 0.001); given without GOS, it was 51% higher (P < 0.01). Conclusions The addition of GOS to a single iron-fortified maize porridge test meal in Kenyan infants did not significantly increase iron absorption, suggesting long-term feeding of GOS may be needed to enhance iron absorption at this age. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02666417.
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Palmer, Mary J., and Jenni Harvey. "Honeybee Kenyon cells are regulated by a tonic GABA receptor conductance." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 8 (October 15, 2014): 2026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00180.2014.
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The higher cognitive functions of insects are dependent on their mushroom bodies (MBs), which are particularly large in social insects such as honeybees. MB Kenyon cells (KCs) receive multisensory input and are involved in associative learning and memory. In addition to receiving sensory input via excitatory nicotinic synapses, KCs receive inhibitory GABAergic input from MB feedback neurons. Cultured honeybee KCs exhibit ionotropic GABA receptor currents, but the properties of GABA-mediated inhibition in intact MBs are currently unknown. Here, using whole cell recordings from KCs in acutely isolated honeybee brain, we show that KCs exhibit a tonic current that is inhibited by picrotoxin but not by bicuculline. Bath application of GABA (5 μM) and taurine (1 mM) activate a tonic current in KCs, but l-glutamate (0.1–0.5 mM) has no effect. The tonic current is strongly potentiated by the allosteric GABAA receptor modulator pentobarbital and is reduced by inhibition of Ca2+ channels with Cd2+ or nifedipine. Noise analysis of the GABA-evoked current gives a single-channel conductance value for the underlying receptors of 27 ± 3 pS, similar to that of resistant to dieldrin (RDL) receptors. The amount of injected current required to evoke action potential firing in KCs is significantly lower in the presence of picrotoxin. KCs recorded in an intact honeybee head preparation similarly exhibit a tonic GABA receptor conductance that reduces neuronal excitability, a property that is likely to contribute to the sparse coding of sensory information in insect MBs.
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Villordon, A., S. Gichuki, H. Kulembeka, S. C. Jeremiah, and D. Labonte. "A WEB-ACCESSIBLE GEO-REFERENCED DATABASE OF SWEETPOTATO ACCESSIONS FOR TANZANIA AND KENYA." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 868d—868. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.868d.
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One of the secondary centers of genetic diversity for the sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is located in Africa. We have developed a geo-referenced database of sweetpotato accessions for Tanzania and Kenya that is accessible by stakeholders and other users. Public domain base maps and other files were used to generate the underlying GIS components. DIVA-GIS was used to convert existing spreadsheet-based accession and passport data into GIS-compliant files. ALOV Map, a public domain Java application for publishing vector and raster maps, was used to provide the framework for a web-accessible GIS database. This demonstrates that the availability of publicly available software requiring minimal or flexible licensing costs provide a cost-effective alternative to institutions that are considering developing GIS databases as well as enabling web accessibility to such resources. DIVA-GIS was also used to predict potential distribution of sweetpotato germplasm in Sub-Saharan Africa using the built-in ecological niche modelling tool. We describe procedures, software, and other applications that we used to develop a publicly accessible web interface to a GIS database of sweetpotato germplasm collections in Kenya and Tanzania.
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Klein, Jessalyn E., Catherine Cook-Cottone, and Carla Giambrone. "The Africa Yoga Project: A Participant-Driven Concept Map of Kenyan Teachers' Reported Experiences." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/1531-2054-25.1.113.
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Objective: The Africa Yoga Project (AYP) trains and funds Kenyans to teach community yoga classes. Preliminary research with a small sample of AYP teachers suggested the program had a positive impact. This study used concept mapping to explore the experiences of a larger sample. Methods: Participants brainstormed statements about how practicing and/or teaching yoga changed them. They sorted statements into self-defined piles and rated them in terms of perceived importance. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) of sort data calculated statement coordinates wherein each statement is placed in proximity to other statements as a function of how frequently statements are sorted together by participants. These results are then and mapped in a two-dimensional space. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of these data identified clusters (i.e., concepts) among statements. Cluster average importance ratings gave the concept map depth and indicated concept importance. Bridging analysis and researchers' conceptual understanding of yoga literature facilitated HCA interpretive decisions. Results: Of 72 AYP teachers, 52 and 48 teachers participated in brainstorming and sorting/rating activities, respectively. Teachers brainstormed 93 statements about how they had changed. The resultant MDS statement map had adequate validity (stress value = .29). HCA created a 12-cluster solution with the following concepts of perceived change: Identity as a Yoga Teacher; Prosocial Development; Existential Possibility; Genuine Positive Regard; Value and Respect for Others (highest importance); Presence, Acceptance, and Competence; Service and Trust; Non-judgment and Emotion Regulation (lowest importance); Engagement and Connection; Interpersonal Effectiveness; Psychosocial Functioning; and Physical Competence and Security. Conclusions: Teachers perceived the AYP as facilitating change across physical, mental, and spiritual domains. Additional research is needed to quantify and compare this change to other health promotion program outcomes.
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Vianni, W. "Doings, Non-Doings & Mis-Doings by Kenya Chief Justices 1963-1998." African Affairs 112, no. 446 (December 3, 2012): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads076.
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Mungai, Esther, and Madara Ogot. "Generic Strategies and Firm Performance: An Investigation of Informal Sector Micro-Enterprises in Kenya." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n3p148.
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Micro-enterprises (MEs) have been shown to collectively be the largest employer in most developing countries thus playing a significant role in the countries economies. Using informal sector micro-enterprise furniture makers (wood and metal) in Nairobi, Kenya and based on Porter's competitive business strategies typology, this study sought to determine if the strategies employed by the informal sector MEs fit within the typology framework, and if membership within the strategic groups in the typology are a predictor of better business business performance. From the study, although membership within the two focus strategic groups of differentiation and low cost was confirmed, unlike studies done with medium and large enterprises, membership was not found to be a predictor of better business performance. Porter's typology may therefore not adequately capture the competitive business activities relevant to and directly by MEs, presenting an opportunity for research into the development of competitive business strategy typologies directly derived from their activities and therefore applicable to them.
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Wong, Kerry L. M., Oliver J. Brady, Oona M. R. Campbell, and Lenka Benova. "Comparison of spatial interpolation methods to create high-resolution poverty maps for low- and middle-income countries." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 147 (October 2018): 20180252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0252.
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High-resolution poverty maps are important tools for promoting equitable and sustainable development. In settings without data at every location, we can use spatial interpolation (SI) to create such maps using sample-based surveys and additional covariates. In the model-based geostatistics (MBG) framework for SI, it is typically assumed that the similarity of two areas is inversely related to their distance between one another. Applications of spline interpolation take a contrasting approach that an area's absolute location and its characteristics are more important for prediction than distance to/characteristics of other locations. This study compares prediction accuracy of the MBG approach with spline interpolation as part of a generalized additive model (GAM) for four low- and middle-income countries. We also identify any potentially generalizable data characteristics influencing comparative accuracy. We found spatially scattered pockets of wealth in Malawi and Tanzania (corresponding to the major cities), and overarching spatial gradients in Kenya and Nigeria. Spline interpolation/GAM performed better than MBG for Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania, but marginally worse in Kenya. We conclude that the spatial patterns of wealth and other covariates should be carefully accounted for when choosing the best SI approach. This is particularly pertinent as different methods capture geographical variation differently.
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Chumo, J. K. "Coping with Drought among the Communities Living in the Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 3, no. 10 (October 15, 2012): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v3i10.719.
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Drought is of great concern throughout the continent of Africa because of its devastating effects that it has inflicted on the economy of some of the countries. Drought has been recorded to be one of the most felt disasters in recent years in Kenya. The drought that affected Kenya in the year 2000 and 2010 was indeed remarkable in that the country resorted to loss of lives, loss of livestock, power rationing and drying of agricultural crops among other problems. This study developed a technique to depict spatially, the extent, relative severity and location of areas mostly affected by drought in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya. This was done using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) plots and maps developed using the Geographical Information System (GIS) software. The indices were generated using the C++ program. NDVI indices revealed that most parts of the basin were moderately dry throughout the year. The study investigated the impacts of drought in the area by use of questionnaires and interviews. The impacts identified were mainly crop failure, depletion of water resources and lack of pasture for livestock. The complex and multidimensional nature of drought requires a long term, well-organized and coordinated research plan and action involving all the stakeholders. This study summarized coping strategies adopted by the communities living within the Lake Victoria basin to mitigate drought phenomenon. Some of the strategies include; planting of drought resistant crops, food storage sharing and purchasing of food among others. Recommendations have been suggested for policy makers, planners and agriculturalists to implement to improve agricultural output in a drought prone area like the Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya. In particular, the study highly recommends development of a comprehensive drought policy to be implemented in managing drought in Kenya.
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Munhoz, Sidnei J. "George Frost Kennan e a arquitetura da política externa dos EUA na gênese da Guerra Fria." Diálogos 22, no. 1 (July 7, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v22i1.43621.
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Este artigo analisa a importância do papel desempenhado pelo diplomata George Frost Kennan na elaboração da política externa dos Estados Unidos durante a Guerra Fria. Ao final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, no contexto marcado pelas apreensões relativas às rivalidades globais entre os EUA e a URSS, Kennan recomendou uma estratégia com a intenção de conter as potenciais tendências expansionistas da União Soviética. Em sua consideração, a principal ameaça posta pela União Soviética não era militar, mas sua capacidade de influência ideológica, veiculada pelos partidos comunistas e seus seguidores no interior das sociedades democráticas ocidentais. Desta hipótese precedente, Kennan arquitetou a Doutrina de Contenção, uma estratégia crucial da política externa dos Estados Unidos durante a Guerra Fria. Como um diplomata de carreira e grande autoridade nos estudos relacionados à sociedade Soviética, Kennan escreveu durante a sua vida uma extraordinária obra relacionada à diplomacia dos EUA e aos seus desafios colossais no ambiente do conflito global. No entanto, desde o início da segunda Administração Truman, Kennan observou que a estratégia estadunidense em relação à Guerra Fria havia se tornado mais militarista e intensificado a corrida armamentista. Ao assumir uma posição crítica em relação a essas diretrizes, que, de acordo com a sua perspectiva, levava à distorção da sua concepção original da teoria da Contenção, Kennan foi marginalizado pelo novo Secretário de Estado, Dean Acheson e deslocado do núcleo de elaboração política do governo. Posteriormente, ele questionou a adopção da Doutrina Truman, a criação da OTAN e o envolvimento dos Estados Unidos nas guerras da Coréia e do Vietnam.
Abstract
George Frost Kennan and the architecture of U.S. Foreign Policy in the genesis of the Cold War
This article analyzes the major role performed by diplomat George Frost Kennan in the United States Foreign Policy during the Cold War. By the end of World War II, amidst apprehensions concerning the U.S. and the USSR global rivalries, Kennan recommended a strategy intending to contain the potential expansionist tendencies of the Soviet Union. In his consideration, the core threat upraised by Soviet Union was not military, but its ideological influence conveyed by Communist parties and fellow travelers inside the western democratic societies. From this preceding hypothesis, Kennan designed the doctrine of containment, a crucial strategy of U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War. As a career diplomat and major authority on Soviet society, Kennan wrote during his lifetime an remarkable work related to U.S. diplomacy and its colossal challenges in the environment of that global conflict. Nonetheless, since the inauguration of the second Truman administration, Kennan observed that U.S. Cold War strategy had become more militaristic and that it had strengthened the arms race. For assuming a critical position towards this path, which, according to his perspective, was a distortion of his original containment theory, Kennan was marginalized by the new Secretary of State, Dean Acheson, and displaced from core government power. Subsequently, he stood up against the adoption of the Truman Doctrine, the creation of NATO and the commitment of the United States in the Korean and Vietnam wars.
Resumen
George Frost Kennan y la arquitectura de la política externa de los EUA en el origen de la Guerra Fría
Este artículo analiza la importancia del papel desempeñado por el diplomático George Frost Kennan en la elaboración de la política externa de los Estados Unidos durante la Guerra Fría. Al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en el contexto marcado por las aprehensiones vinculadas a las rivalidades globales entre los EUA y la URSS, Kennan recomendó una estrategia con la intención de contener las potenciales tendencias expansionistas de la Unión Soviética. En su entendimiento, la principal amenaza de la Unión Soviética no era militar, y sí su capacidad de influencia ideológica, vehiculada por los partidos comunistas y sus seguidores en el interior de las sociedades democráticas occidentales. Partiendo de esta hipótesis, Kennan ideó la Doctrina de Contención, una estrategia crucial de la política externa de los EEUU durante la Guerra Fría. Como diplomático de carrera y una autoridad en estudios relacionados a la Unión Soviética, Kennan escribió durante su vida una extraordinaria obra relacionada a la diplomacia estadounidense y sus desafíos colosales en el ambiente del conflicto global. Sin embargo, desde el inicio de la segunda administración Truman, Kennan observó que la estrategia de los EUA en relación a la Guerra Fría se había tornado más militarista, intensificándose la carrera armamentista. Al asumir una posición crítica en relación a estas directrices que, de acuerdo a su perspectiva, conducía a la distorsión de su original teoría de la Contención, Kennan fue marginado por el nuevo Secretario de Estado, Dean Acheson, y desplazado del núcleo de elaboración política del gobierno. Posteriormente, él cuestionó la adopción de la Doctrina Truman, la creación de la OTAN y la participación de Estados Unidos en las guerras de Corea y de Vietnam
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Ndegwa, Muriithi R., Prof Francis N. Kibera, Prof Justus M. Munyoki, and Prof James M. Njihia. "The Moderating Influence of Competitive Environment on the Relationship between Marketing Mix Strategies and Performance of Tour Firms in Kenya." International Business & Economics Studies 2, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): p15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v2n4p15.
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This study examined the competitive environment’s moderating effect on the relationship between marketing mix strategies and tour firms’ performance in Kenya. The researcher adopted a descriptive research design and used a survey approach to collect pertinent data for analysis. The study population comprised all tour firms, both locally and foreign-registered, operating under the Kenya Association of Tour Operators (KATO) as of September 2019. Two hundred thirty-four tour firms were surveyed out of a population of 260 registered firms. Descriptive statistical and inferential analyses were conducted and regression analysis results were used to test the hypothesis. The study established a positive and significant moderating effect of Competitive Environment (CE) on the relationship between Marketing Mix Strategies (MMS) and the Organizational Performance (OP) of tour firms in Kenya. The study’s findings are significant to policymakers and stakeholders operating in the tourism industry.They accentuate the significance to tour firms in implementing the right kind of marketing mix strategies to maximize their organizational performance. The study recommends future studies in the same area be expanded to include other travel trade areas such as hoteliers and travel agencies. Such a study would increase the empirical knowledge in the subject matter while also extending the generalizability of the results.
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Mugambi, Jane. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on Kenyan rural women and the role of counseling." International Social Work 49, no. 1 (January 2006): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872806057084.
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English A qualitative study was conducted with 22 rural women living with or affected by HIV/AIDS, in order to explore its impact. Some of the themes that emerged from data analysis were marginalization, poverty and the subordinate status of the rural women. French Une étude qualitative a étémenée auprè s de 22 femmes de communautés rurales du Kenya atteintes du VIH/SIDA en vue d'explorer l'impact du VIH/SIDA sur cette population et le rôle du counseling. L'analyse des données a permis de dégager certains thè mes, notamment la marginalisation, la pauvretéet l'état de subordination des femmes rurales. Spanish Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con 22 mujeres rurales que viven con sujetos afectados por el HIV/SIDA, a fin de explorar el impacto del HIV/SIDA en mujeres rurales de Kenia y el papel jugado por el consejo. Algunos de los temas que surgieron del aná lisis de los datos fueron los siguientes: marginación, pobreza y el estatus subordinado de la mujer rural.
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Chopra, Shalu, Richa Gairola, and Arun Mohan Sherry. "Comparing MFS in Kenya, Philippines and South Africa under 7 P Evaluation Framework." International Journal of Computer Applications 84, no. 9 (December 18, 2013): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/14604-2853.
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Tatem, A. J., A. M. Noor, and S. I. Hay. "Assessing the accuracy of satellite derived global and national urban maps in Kenya." Remote Sensing of Environment 96, no. 1 (May 2005): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.001.
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Biström, Olof. "Revision of the genus Clypeodytes Régimbart in Africa (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 19, no. 2 (1988): 199–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631289x00159.
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AbstractThe african species of Clypeodytes Régimbart, 1894 are taxonomically revised based on studies of the adults. Descriptions, diagnoses, a key to the males, distribution maps and brief notes on the biology are given. The systematics of the genus is discussed. The following new species are described: C. pseudolentus (Kenya), C. spangleri (Kenya), C. submarginatus (Central African Republic, Zaire), C. divoi (Ivory Coast), C. flexuosus (Mali, Nigeria, Central African Republic), C. densepunctatus (Angola, Namibia/South West Africa), C. viator (Uganda), C. weberi (Cameroon), C. roeri (Namibia/South West Africa), C. eboris (Ivory Coast), C. perlautus (Zaire, Uganda), and C. bicolor (Zaire). The following new synonymies are established: C. bedeli Regimbart, 1895 = C. latissimus Guignot, 1958; and C. meridionalis Régimbart, 1895 (the valid name) = C. seminulum Régimbart, 1895 and = C. voiensis Guignot, 1938. A lectotype has been designated for C. bedeli Régimbart, 1895, C. proditus var. procerus Omer-Cooper, 1959 and C. sordidipennis Régimbart, 1903.
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Tychsen, John, Ole Geertz-Hansen, and Frands Schjøth. "KenSea – tsunami damage modelling for coastal areas of Kenya." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 15 (July 10, 2008): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v15.5051.
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On 26 December 2004, the eastern part of the Indian Ocean was hit by a tremendous tsunami created by a submarine earthquake of magnitude 9.1 on the Richter scale off the west coast of Sumatra. The tsunami also reached the western part of the Indian Ocean, including the coastal areas of eastern Africa. Along the coast of Kenya (Figs 1, 2) it resulted in a sudden increase in water level comparable to a high tide situation. This rather limited consequence was partly due to the great distance to the epicentre of the earthquake, and partly due to the low tide at the time of the impact. Hence the reefs that fringe two thirds of the coastline reduced the energy of the tsunami waves and protected the coastal areas. During the spring of 2005, staff members from the Geo- logical Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) carried out field work related to the project KenSea – development of a sensitivity atlas for coastal areas of Kenya (Tychsen 2006; Tychsen et al. 2006). Local fishermen and authorities often asked what would have been the effect if the tsunami had hit the coastal area during a high tide, and to answer the question GEUS and the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) initiated a tsunami damage projection project. The aim was to provide an important tool for contingency planning by national and local authorities in the implementation of a national early warning strategy. The tsunami damage projection project used the database of coastal resources – KenSeaBase – that was developed during the KenSea project. The topographical maps of Kenya at a scale of 1:50 000 have 20 m contour lines, which is insufficient for the tsunami run-up simulation modelling undertaken by the new tsunami project. Therefore new sets of aerial photographs were obtained, and new photogrammetric maps with contour lines with an equidistance of 1 m were drawn for a 6–8 km broad coastal zone. The tsunami modelling is based on the assumption that the height of a future tsunami wave would be comparable with the one that reached the coastal area of Kenya in December 2004. Based on the regional geology of the Indian Ocean, it appears that the epicentre for a possible future earthquake that could lead to a new tsunami would most likely be situated in the eastern part of the ocean. Furthermore, based on a seismological assessment it has been estimated that the largest tsunami that can be expected to reach eastern Africa would have a 50% larger amplitude than the 2004 tsunami.It was therefore decided to carry out the simulation modelling with a tsunami wave similar to that of the 2004 event, but with the wave reaching the coast at the highest astronomical tide (scenario 1) and a worst case with a 50% larger amplitude (scenario 2: Fig. 3). The 2004 tsunami documented that the coastal belt of mangrove swamps provided some protection to the coastline by reducing the energy of the tsunami. Hence we included in this study a scenario 3 (Fig. 4), in which the mangrove areas along the coastline were removed. Maps for the three scenarios have been produced and show the areas that would be flooded, the degree of flooding, and the distribution of buildings such as schools and hospitals in the flooded areas. In addition, the force and velocity of the wave were calculated (COWI 2006).
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Widjajanti, Rita, and Bambang Suteng Sulasmono. "EVALUASI MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH (MBS)DI SMP NEGERI BOJA KABUPATEN KENDAL." Kelola: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/j.jk.2015.v2.i2.p139-150.
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<p>The study aimed to evaluate 1) whether the PAKEM plan carried out as a fulfillment of the standardized goal-oriented learning plan. 2) The performance of PAKEM learning carried out looking into whether it is in accordance with the goal-oriented plans. 3)The outputs of PAKEM learning, measured by the achievement of the learning objectives. The research conducted here has applied an evaluative approach using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. This research was conducted in SMPN 2 Boja Kendal regency. The respondents assigned to the research were principal, 20 classroom teachers of IX grade and 30 students of class IX C. The data collection techniques used observation, documentation study and interview. The quantitative data analysis was conducted to gain the results of the data of observation and of studying the documents, whereas the qualitative data analysis was carried out to examine the results of the interviews. The research showed that (1) the PAKEM learning plan carried out had fulfilled the standardized goal-oriented learning plan. Nevertheless, the teachers’ competence in selecting and making use of teaching media needs improving. Teachers as individuals or with the support of school may do this either. (2) The performance of PAKEM learning carried out has been done well in accordance with the goal-oriented plan because all the teachers have achieved good grades of teaching performance. However, to enhance their teaching performance, it is necessary for the teachers to improve their competence in making use of the available learning and teaching sources, teaching media and in assessing the students learning. (3) The outputs of PAKEM learning have been able to measure the goal achievement of learning. This has been proven by the fact that a lot of students have passed most of the school subjects (8 subjects) achieving grades higher than the minimum grades required to pass them. Referring to the minimum grade required to pass the subjects, only a few students have not passed 4 of them. Nevertheless, school needs to gradually raise the minimum passing grade in order to be equal to the national one.</p>
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Duvall, Nancy S. "Missions and Mental Health: A Personal Safari." Journal of Psychology and Theology 21, no. 1 (March 1993): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719302100107.
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This is a description of one psychologist's involvement in missions and mental health with explicit sharing of impressions from a 3-month cross cultural experience in Kenya in the spring of 1992. It covers some aspects of the developing dialogue regarding mental health issues for MKs and for missionaries, and it provides an example of one professional's expanding awareness of cross-cultural issues. It is a personal statement and journey but raises the possibilities for a variety of opportunities for this kind of very practical integration of faith and learning.
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Adiyaksa, Fitrian, and Prijono Nugroho Djojomartono, Ph.D. "Evaluasi Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Menjadi Lahan Industri di Kabupaten Kendal Tahun 2014 - 2018." JGISE: Journal of Geospatial Information Science and Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jgise.55519.
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Kendal Regency is an agrarian area with a percentage of agricultural land 54.57% of the total land area of 1,002.23 km2. With the government programs of construction of the Kendal Industrial Park (Kendal Industrial Park) which was built on an area of 2,700 hectares. Most of the land used for development of the Kendal Industrial Area is agricultural land. The purpose of this study was evaluated about the suitability of land use change from agricultural land into industrial land in Kendal Regency in period of 2014 to 2018 with the Kendal Regency Regional Spatial Plan in 2011 - 2031. The research method was quantitative. The method of data collection in this study was census about industry location permit and land use change permit in Kendal Regency from 2014 to.d. 2018. The data collection technique in this research was documents review about secondary data from related institutions. Data analysis techniques in this study were divided into spatial analysis and statistical analysis. The spatial analysis technique used Geographic Information System (GIS) concept, and used overlay method on digital maps. Statistical analysis used to produce information in tables and graphs. The results of this study indicate about the growth in period 2014 to 2018, the number of land use permits increase to 134 permits devide by 34 industry location permit with covering area about 732,792 m2 and 100 land use change permit with covering area equal 690,303 m2. In addition, about 91.18% of industrial location permits and 62% of land use change permits from agriculture into industries in accordance with the Kendal Regional Spatial Plan between 2011 to 2031.
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Karamesouti, M., C. Schultz, M. Chipofya, S. Jan, C. E. Murcia Galeano, A. Schwering, and C. Timm. "THE MAASAI OF SOUTHERN KENYA DOMAIN MODEL OF LAND USE." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4 (September 19, 2018): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-105-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> We present a domain model that formalises the human-land relations in the Maasai nomadic pastoralist society in Kenya, referred to as MSKDM, and its integration with the prominent Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). Our long-term aim is to facilitate a land administration system that can accurately capture and express salient Maasai concepts of land use, ownership, communal tenure, and to assist in transparency during land transactions. We use an extensive corpus of existing research literature, and input from our own on-site workshops, as source material for our domain model. We use real sketch maps drawn by Maasai community members that we collected during our field studies for validation, and to demonstrate how our model can be operationalised.</p>
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Kurusu, Mitsuhiko, Takeshi Awasaki, Liria M. Masuda-Nakagawa, Hiroshi Kawauchi, Kei Ito, and Katsuo Furukubo-Tokunaga. "Embryonic and larval development of the Drosophila mushroom bodies: concentric layer subdivisions and the role of fasciclin II." Development 129, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.2.409.
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Mushroom bodies (MBs) are the centers for olfactory associative learning and elementary cognitive functions in the arthropod brain. In order to understand the cellular and genetic processes that control the early development of MBs, we have performed high-resolution neuroanatomical studies of the embryonic and post-embryonic development of the Drosophila MBs. In the mid to late embryonic stages, the pioneer MB tracts extend along Fasciclin II (FAS II)-expressing cells to form the primordia for the peduncle and the medial lobe. As development proceeds, the axonal projections of the larval MBs are organized in layers surrounding a characteristic core, which harbors bundles of actin filaments. Mosaic analyses reveal sequential generation of the MB layers, in which newly produced Kenyon cells project into the core to shift to more distal layers as they undergo further differentiation. Whereas the initial extension of the embryonic MB tracts is intact, loss-of-function mutations of fas II causes abnormal formation of the larval lobes. Mosaic studies demonstrate that FAS II is intrinsically required for the formation of the coherent organization of the internal MB fascicles. Furthermore, we show that ectopic expression of FAS II in the developing MBs results in severe lobe defects, in which internal layers also are disrupted. These results uncover unexpected internal complexity of the larval MBs and demonstrate unique aspects of neural generation and axonal sorting processes during the development of the complex brain centers in the fruit fly brain.
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Akoko, George, Tasuku Kato, and Le Hoang Tu. "Evaluation of Irrigation Water Resources Availability and Climate Change Impacts—A Case Study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya." Water 12, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 2330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092330.
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Rice is an important cereal crop in Kenya, where it is mainly grown in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, MIS. The serious challenges of MIS include low water use efficiency and limited available water resources. The objective of this study is to analyze the current and future irrigation water resource availability for the improvement of future water management. A Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a public domain software supported by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service in Bushland, TX, USA, was used to estimate the current and future water resources availability from the MIS’s main irrigation water supply sources (River Thiba and River Nyamindi). CropWat, a computer program developed by the Land and Water Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy, was used to estimate irrigation water requirements from 2013–2016 and into the future (2020–2060 and 2061–2099). Future climatic data for total available flow and irrigation requirement estimations were downloaded from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). The data was bias corrected and down-scaled (with observed data) using a Climate Change Toolkit, a toolkit for climate change analysis developed by the Water Weather and Energy Ecosystem, Zurich, Switzerland. The results indicated that the highest irrigation water deficits were experienced in July and August based on the existing cropping pattern. Under a proposed future pattern, estimates show that MIS will experience water deficits mainly from June to October and from January to February. This study recommends that MIS management should put into strong consideration the simulated future estimates in irrigation water availability for the improvement of water management.