Journal articles: 'Kelp'

1

Wilson, Fiona. "Kelp." Grand Street, no. 51 (1995): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007824.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

&NA;. "Kelp." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1337 (February 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113370-00071.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ceurstemont, Sandrine. "Kelp wanted!" New Scientist 223, no. 2978 (July 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(14)61402-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Molloy, Audrey. "Ribbon Kelp." Antipodes 35, no. 1-2 (2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apo.2021.0040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Williams, Nigel. "Kelp surprise." Current Biology 17, no. 20 (October 2007): R862—R863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Vergés, Adriana, and Alexandra H. Campbell. "Kelp forests." Current Biology 30, no. 16 (August 2020): R919—R920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.053.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wei, Wei, Xin Zhang, Zhaozhi Hou, Xinyu Hu, Yuan Wang, Caizheng Wang, Shujing Yang, Henglin Cui, and Lin Zhu. "Microbial Regulation of Deterioration and Preservation of Salted Kelp under Different Temperature and Salinity Conditions." Foods 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081723.

Full text

Abstract:

High salinity is an effective measure to preserve kelp, but salted kelp can still deteriorate after long-term preservation. In order to clarify the key conditions and microbial behavior of salted kelp preservation, 10% (S10), 20% (S20), and 30% (S30) salt concentrations were evaluated at 25 °C (T25) and 4 °C (T4). After 30 days storage, these salted kelps showed different states including rot (T25S10), softening (T25S20), and undamaged (other samples). By detecting polysaccharide lyase activity and performing high-throughput sequencing of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA sequence and metagenome, we found that deteriorated kelps (T25S10 and T25S20) had significantly higher alginate lyase activity and bacterial relative abundance than other undamaged samples. Dyella, Saccharophagus, Halomonas, Aromatoleum, Ulvibacter, Rhodopirellula, and Microbulbifer were annotated with genes encoding endonuclease-type alginate lyases, while Bacillus and Thiobacillus were annotated as the exonuclease type. Additionally, no alginate lyase activity was detected in undamaged kelps, whose dominant microorganisms were halophilic archaea without alginate lyase-encoding genes. These results indicated that room-temperature storage may promote salted kelp deterioration due to the secretion of bacterial alginate lyase, while ultra-high-salinity and low-temperature storage can inhibit bacterial alginate lyase and promote the growth of halophilic archaea without alginate lyase, thus achieving the preservation of salted kelp.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Duggins, David O. "Kelp Production Study." Science 246, no. 4935 (December 8, 1989): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4935.1237.a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

DUGGINS, D. O. "Kelp Production Study." Science 246, no. 4935 (December 8, 1989): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4935.1237.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gray, John. "Norwegian kelp losses." Marine Pollution Bulletin 18, no. 3 (March 1987): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(87)90113-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Jue, Melody, Anya Yermakova, Jacob Cram, and Eli Stine. "Invisible Kelp Forest." Plant Perspectives 1, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/whppp.63845494909712.

Full text

Abstract:

Invisible Kelp Forest: From Smell to Sound is a speculative fiction and an 8-channel sonic composition that explores the possibility that sound is an ideal medium for translating senses of smell, or chemosensation underwater. It invites the listener to smell the kelp forest with their ears, a mode of synaesthesia. We explore the ways that sound and smell can both convey intensity, distance, dispersion, texture and elements of memory that may be specific to particular organisms. We imagine that the olfactory memory of the kelp forest is multiple, linked to what is meaningful for different marine fauna. In a literary narrative that explores the sensations of four different marine organisms, we develop sonic impressions of their chemosensory experiences of the kelp forest in a scientifically-informed manner. Invisible Kelp Forest plays with invisibility in several ways: by denying the listener any visual cues, they must use their imagination to conjure a spatial sense of the kelp forest on their own. We invite listeners to pay attention to the way that listening for smell feels in the body, perhaps deterritorialising the sensorium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Bell, Tom W., Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Vienna R. Saccomanno, Katherine C. Cavanaugh, Henry F. Houskeeper, Norah Eddy, Falk Schuetzenmeister, Nathaniel Rindlaub, and Mary Gleason. "Kelpwatch: A new visualization and analysis tool to explore kelp canopy dynamics reveals variable response to and recovery from marine heatwaves." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 23, 2023): e0271477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271477.

Full text

Abstract:

Giant kelp and bull kelp forests are increasingly at risk from marine heatwave events, herbivore outbreaks, and the loss or alterations in the behavior of key herbivore predators. The dynamic floating canopy of these kelps is well-suited to study via satellite imagery, which provides high temporal and spatial resolution data of floating kelp canopy across the western United States and Mexico. However, the size and complexity of the satellite image dataset has made ecological analysis difficult for scientists and managers. To increase accessibility of this rich dataset, we created Kelpwatch, a web-based visualization and analysis tool. This tool allows researchers and managers to quantify kelp forest change in response to disturbances, assess historical trends, and allow for effective and actionable kelp forest management. Here, we demonstrate how Kelpwatch can be used to analyze long-term trends in kelp canopy across regions, quantify spatial variability in the response to and recovery from the 2014 to 2016 marine heatwave events, and provide a local analysis of kelp canopy status around the Monterey Peninsula, California. We found that 18.6% of regional sites displayed a significant trend in kelp canopy area over the past 38 years and that there was a latitudinal response to heatwave events for each kelp species. The recovery from heatwave events was more variable across space, with some local areas like Bahía Tortugas in Baja California Sur showing high recovery while kelp canopies around the Monterey Peninsula continued a slow decline and patchy recovery compared to the rest of the Central California region. Kelpwatch provides near real time spatial data and analysis support and makes complex earth observation data actionable for scientists and managers, which can help identify areas for research, monitoring, and management efforts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Schuster, Jasmin M., A. Kurt Gamperl, Patrick Gagnon, and Amanda E. Bates. "Distinct realized physiologies in green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) populations from barren and kelp habitats." FACETS 7 (January 1, 2022): 822–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0125.

Full text

Abstract:

Overgrazing of habitat-forming kelps by sea urchins is reshaping reef seascapes in many temperate regions. Loss of kelp, in particular as a food source, may alter individual consumer physiology, which in turn may impair their ability to respond to climate warming. Here, we measured the temperature dependence of absolute and mass-independent oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) using two different exposure protocols (acute exposure and temperature “ramping”), as proxies of realized physiology, between green sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) populations from neighbouring barren and kelp habitats. Sea urchins from kelp habitats consumed 8%–78% more oxygen than sea urchins from barrens (across the range of temperatures tested (4–32 °C)) and had higher maximum [Formula: see text] values (by 26%). This was in part because kelp urchins typically had greater body masses. However, higher mass-independent [Formula: see text] values of kelp urchins suggest metabolic plasticity in response to habitat per se. In addition, the [Formula: see text] of sea urchins from kelp habitats was less sensitive to increases in temperature. We conclude that sea urchins from barren and kelp habitats of comparable body mass represent different energetic units. This highlights that habitat type can drive population-level variation that may shape urchins activities and environmental impact. Such variation should be integrated into energy-based models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Bluhm, Bodil A., Kristina Brown, Lina Rotermund, William Williams, Seth Danielsen, and Eddy C. Carmack. "New distribution records of kelp in the Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Passage, Canada, fill a pan-Arctic gap." Polar Biology 45, no. 4 (March 1, 2022): 719–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03007-6.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractKelps play important roles in ecosystems as they provide structural habitat and protection, and supply food. Given these beneficial roles and observed increases in seaweed biomass and distribution ranges across the Arctic, mapping kelp occurrence around Arctic coasts is both timely and necessary for future conservation. Here, we fill spatial gaps in the knowledge of kelp distribution in the southern Northwest Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago; specifically, we report the occurrence of Laminaria solidungula, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta from Victoria and Dease straits and Bathurst Inlet in the Kitikmeot Region at depths mostly from 10 to 30 m (max. 40 m; upper extent vessel-limited). Kelp specimens were found at bottom water temperatures from sub-zero to 1 °C (surface-T to ~ 6 °C) and bottom water salinities of ~ 28 (surface-S < 20) in August–September. Kelp sites were characterized by both strong tidal currents (max. estimates from a tidal model 20–70 cm s−1 in center of passages) and hard substrates, interspersed with finer sediments. Co-occurring identifiable epibenthos was dominated by suspension-feeders preferring currents (sea cucumbers, soft corals, Hiatella clams), potential kelp consumers (sea urchins Strongylocentrotus sp., Margarites snails, limpets) and predatory invertebrates (sea stars, lyre crabs). At the same and some deeper nearby sites, loose kelp fragments were also found at the seabed, suggesting that kelps contribute to the regional detrital food web by supplying carbon to less productive sites. Kelps in the region may expand their ranges and/or growing season with reduced ice cover and warming, although constraints through local turbidity sources, extreme temperatures, low salinity and low nutrient concentrations are also recognized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Bengtsson, MM, K. Sjøtun, JE Storesund, and J. Øvreås. "Utilization of kelp-derived carbon sources by kelp surface-associated bacteria." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 62, no. 2 (January 19, 2011): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01477.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fraser, CI. "Is bull-kelp kelp? The role of common names in science." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 2 (June 2012): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2011.621130.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Waage-Nielsen, Elisabeth, Hartvig Christie, and Eli Rinde. "Short-term dispersal of kelp fauna to cleared (kelp-harvested) areas." Hydrobiologia 503, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:hydr.0000008490.51745.a9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hockey, P. A. R. "Kelp gulls Larus dominicanus as predators in kelp Macrocystis pyrifera beds." Oecologia 76, no. 1 (June 1988): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00379614.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Pinho, Daniela, Iacopo Bertocci, Francisco Arenas, João N. Franco, David Jacinto, João J. Castro, Raquel Vieira, Isabel Sousa-Pinto, Thomas Wernberg, and Fernando Tuya. "Spatial and temporal variation of kelp forests and associated macroalgal assemblages along the Portuguese coast." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 1 (2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14318.

Full text

Abstract:

Kelp communities are in decline in many regions. Detecting and addressing population declines require knowledge of patterns of spatial and temporal variation in the distribution and abundance of kelps and their associated organisms. We quantified kelp and associated macroalgal assemblages three times over a period of 2 years, at three regions along a natural gradient in temperature and nutrient availability across the Portuguese coast. Kelps were mostly found at the northern cool region (Viana do Castelo), which was also clearly separated from the two more southerly regions (Peniche, Sines) in terms of algal assemblage structure. This pattern was consistent, although varying in intensity, through time, providing support for this general spatial configuration. The overall richness of taxa increased towards lower latitudes. These findings indicated that kelp beds in southern Europe are currently restricted to northern Portugal, though supporting less diverse macroalgal assemblages compared with those located in central and southern Portugal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Boturão-Neto, Edmir, Mihoko Yamamoto, Akemi Kuroda Chiba, Elisa Yuriko Sugano Kimura, Maria do Carmo V. C. Oliveira, and José Orlando Bordin. "Novel Kelnull Allele Detected In a Brazilian Woman with the Kell Null Phenotype." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1111.1111.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Abstract 1111 Kell is the most important blood group system after ABO and Rh because all frequently occurring Kell-specific antibodies must be considered clinically significant. The KEL antigens are carried by the human red cell (RBC) membrane Kell glycoprotein (CD238), a proteolytic enzyme encoded by the 19-exon KEL gene on the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q33). Kell null (K0) is a very rare phenotype characterized by the absence of the Kell protein and all KEL antigens on RBC surface caused by different molecular defects on KEL gene. K0 persons, however, may produce anti-KEL5 (anti-Ku) antibody that is associated to severe hemolytic transfusion reaction and perinatal anemia. Although the K0 phenotype has been known since 1957, the first reports of the K0 molecular basis occurred only in 2001. At present, 23 KELnull alleles are recognized to abolish the KEL antigens expression, most of them due to stop codon and alternative splicing caused by single nucleotide mutation. In this study, we report a novel KELnull allele detected in a Brazilian woman with the K0 phenotype. We investigated a 59-year-old Caucasian-Amerindian descent woman (proband) from Northeast Brazil who showed an antibody that reacted against high-prevalence RBC antigens during a pre-transfusion evaluation for orthopedic surgery. We also were able to evaluated three relatives (proband′s sister and two nieces) and normal RBC controls. We performed standard immunohematological methods and PCR-RFLP KEL genotyping as screening tests. To identify the molecular defect, we used sequencing technique covering all 19 coding and exons-introns regions of the KEL gene. To confirm the K0 phenotype and exclude KELel (Kmod) phenotype we employed flow cytometry, a higher sensitive technique, using soroclone anti-KEL1(anti-K), anti-KEL2(anti-k), anti-KEL3(anti-Kpa), anti-KEL4(anti-Kpb) and anti-CD238 antibodies. Proband′s frozen RBCs were washed 3x in 3ml PBS and 2×106/50μl/tube were incubated for 30min at room temperature with monoclonal antibodies (anti-K, -k, -Kpa, -Kpb – 50μl; anti-CD238 1:200,10μl). FITC conjugated polyclonal rabbit anti-human Ig and goat-anti-mouse Ig were used as second antibodies. Data acquisition and analysis in 20,000 events at RBC region were performed using FACscalibur flow cytometer and CellQuest program. Previously known (A) KEL:-1-,2,-3,4 (K-,k+,Kpa-,Kpb+) and (B) KEL:1,2,-3,4 (K+,k+,Kpa-,Kpb+) RBCs samples were used as positive controls. Fresh and thawed RBCs stained with PE conjugated anti-human glycophorin were also tested. RBCs of the proband were phenotyped as KEL:-1,-2,-3,-4,-6,-7 (K-,k-,Kpa-,Kpb-,Jsa-,Jsb-), and the RBC alloantibody was identified as anti-KEL5 (anti-Ku). RBCs of proband's relatives were phenotyped as wild type KEL:-1,2,-3,4,-6,7 (K-,k+,Kpa-,Kpb+,Jsa-,Jsb+). The proband and her relatives had the same KEL*2/KEL*2, KEL*4/KEL*4, KEL*7/KEL*7 wild type genotype determined by PCR-RFLP. The G>A mutation on intron 16, position +1 downstream of exon 16 (IVS16+1G>A mutation) was identified by KEL sequencing technique at homozygous state on the proband and at heterozygous state on her sister. The IVS16+1G>A mutation introduce an alternative splicing that may skip exon 16 and create a premature stop codon (TGA) on exon 17. No mutation was detected in the two proband's nieces. Proband's RBCs did not react against all antibodies by flow cytometry: MFI (mean fluorescent intensity) of CD238=3.7, KEL1(K)=7.6, KEL2(k)=7.6, KEL3(Kpa)=8.5 and KEL4(Kpb)=8.0 against positive results in control A RBCs [MFI of CD238=77, KEL1(K)=8, KEL2(k)=189.4, KEL3(Kpa)=9.3 and KEL4(Kpb)=114.4] and control B RBCs [MFI of CD238=77, KEL1(K)=76, KEL2(k)=50, KEL3(Kpa)=7.8 and KEL4(Kpb)=49.6]. Results of the RBC phenotyping by flow cytometry of the proband's sister were CD238=156, KEL2(k)=51 and KEL4(Kpb)=48. There were no significant differences between results on fresh and frozen samples. The MFI of KEL2 from proband's sister (KEL*2/KEL*2null) RBCs was similar to that observed in control B (KEL*2/KEL*1 heterozygous), 51 and 50, respectively, and lower than the control A (KEL*2/KEL*2 homozygous), 51 and 189.4, respectively, reflecting the single gene dose in the proband's sister and control B, and double gene dose in control A. In conclusion, we report a novel KELnull allele, IVS16+1G>A, detected for the first time in a Brazilian woman with Kell null phenotype. This study was supported by CNPq and FAPESP. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

&NA;. "Echinacea/kelp/levothyroxine sodium." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1357 (June 2011): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113570-00041.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Naomi, Katrina. "In the Kelp Forest." Keats-Shelley Review 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524142.2022.2075584.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Vaughan, Adam. "Keeping tabs on kelp." New Scientist 251, no. 3345 (July 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(21)01319-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Pfister, Catherine A., and Mei Wang. "KELP OF VARYING SIZES." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 86, no. 4 (October 2005): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2005)86[282:kovs]2.0.co;2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Schrope, Mark. "Killer in the kelp." Nature 445, no. 7129 (February 2007): 703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/445703a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Lincoln, Tim. "Kelp in postglacial time." Nature 461, no. 7267 (October 2009): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4611066a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Brutzman, Don. "Virtual kelp forest exhibit." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 34, no. 2 (May 2000): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/351440.351458.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Domning, Daryl P. "Kelp evolution: a comment." Paleobiology 15, no. 1 (1989): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300009180.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Dayton, P. K. "Ecology of Kelp Communities." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16, no. 1 (November 1985): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.001243.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Christie, Hartvig, Nina Mari Jørgensen, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, and Elisabeth Waage-Nielsen. "Species distribution and habitat exploitation of fauna associated with kelp (Laminaria Hyperborea) along the Norwegian Coast." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 4 (August 2003): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007653h.

Full text

Abstract:

Fauna associated with the common kelp along the Norwegian coast, Laminaria hyperborea, was sampled at four sites covering 1000 km of coastline. Exploitation of the kelp habitat by the fauna, and the ways in which habitat size and seasonal variations affect the kelp fauna community were analysed. The study focused on mobile macrofauna, of which 238 species were found on 56 kelps sampled, with an average density of almost 8000 individuals per kelp. Amphipods and gastropods were the most diverse and abundant fauna groups. The species composition was different on the lamina, stipe (with epiphytic algae) and holdfast. A similar pattern of epiphyte- and holdfast-fauna composition was found for all regions. Lowest diversity and abundance were found on the lamina, and highest diversity in the holdfast. Highest abundance was found on the stipe in summer, but there were large variations between sites and seasons, from a few individuals to more than 80 000 animals per stipe. Neither seasonal changes nor variation in habitat volume affected the number of species significantly, but abundance was significantly related to season and habitat volume. These variations were most pronounced for stipe fauna. Laminaria hyperborea offers a heterogeneous habitat exploited by a diverse and abundant invertebrate community, its abundance depending on local and regional variations in kelp size.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Corrigan, Sophie, A. Ross Brown, Charles R. Tyler, Catherine Wilding, Carly Daniels, Ian G. C. Ashton, and Dan A. Smale. "Development and Diversity of Epibiont Assemblages on Cultivated Sugar Kelp (Saccharina latissima) in Relation to Farming Schedules and Harvesting Techniques." Life 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010209.

Full text

Abstract:

Seaweed farming in Europe is growing and may provide environmental benefits, including habitat provisioning, coastal protection, and bioremediation. Habitat provisioning by seaweed farms remains largely unquantified, with previous research focused primarily on the detrimental effects of epibionts, rather than their roles in ecological functioning and ecosystem service provision. We monitored the development and diversity of epibiont assemblages on cultivated sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) at a farm in Cornwall, southwest UK, and compared the effects of different harvesting techniques on epibiont assemblage structure. Increases in epibiont abundance (PERMANOVA, F4,25 = 100.56, p < 0.001) and diversity (PERMANOVA, F4,25 = 27.25, p < 0.001) were found on cultivated kelps over and beyond the growing season, reaching an average abundance of >6000 individuals per kelp plant with a taxonomic richness of ~9 phyla per kelp by late summer (August). Assemblages were dominated by crustaceans (mainly amphipods), molluscs (principally bivalves) and bryozoans, which provide important ecological roles, despite reducing crop quality. Partial harvesting techniques maintained, or increased, epibiont abundance and diversity beyond the farming season; however, these kelp plants were significantly fouled and would not be commercially viable in most markets. This paper improves understanding of epibiont assemblage development at European kelp farms, which can inform sustainable, ecosystem-based approaches to aquaculture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Smith, J. M. B., and T. P. Bayliss-Smith. "Kelp-plucking: coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp Durvillaea antarctica at subantarctic Macquarie Island." Antarctic Science 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000522.

Full text

Abstract:

Erosion of bedrock from lower intertidal reefs by waves acting on attached plants of bull-kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) was investigated over one year at Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean. At a site on the more sheltered east coast, such erosion occurred during four separate storms, each casting up 834–1078 large kelp plants km−1 of coast, of which 30–45% were still attached to jagged, freshly quarried bedrock fragments over 2.5 cm long. The largest fragment weighed was 74.6 kg; rounded cobbles and boulders attached to kelp plants and weighing up to 102.2 kg (and probably more than 160 kg) were also cast up on beaches. 19–21% of the standing crop of large kelp plants was removed by storms during the year of observation. Break points for 10 kelp stipes were found to be at least 90–161 kg. Total annual erosion by kelp-plucking is at least 1.56 tonnes of rock km−1 of coast. However, in terms of erosion this computes to only 0.1 mm yr−1, far below the rate of uplift of the island.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Lin, Zifeng. "Analysis of the Current Situation and Countermeasures for the Development of Shandong Rongcheng Kelp Industry Cluster." Modern Economics & Management Forum 3, no. 3 (May 21, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/memf.v3i3.810.

Full text

Abstract:

Rongcheng is a natural kelp production base due to its unique geographical environment and climatic advantages. Since the 1930s, the Rongcheng kelp industry has played an important role in the development of the Chinese kelp industry. Rongcheng's kelp output ranked first in China for more than ten years, from 2010 to 2021. Its kelp production accounts for nearly half of total Chinese kelp production. This paper analyzes the current development of the Rongcheng kelp industry cluster from six perspectives: natural environment and resources of kelp farming, supporting infrastructure of kelp farming and processing enterprises, main bodies in Rongcheng kelp industry cluster, relevant assistance of Rongcheng municipal government to kelp industry, development of relevant supporting industries in kelp industry. Then it concludes that there are four problems in the current development stage of Rongcheng kelp industry cluster and the development of Rongcheng kelp industry cluster's domestic and foreign markets. It then concludes that there are four issues in the current development stage of the Rongcheng kelp industry cluster. Based on the analysis of the problems and countermeasures, it is concluded that the current development stage of the Rongcheng kelp industry cluster has four problems: low cluster efficiency, an imperfect market system, a lack of technological innovation, and a weak influence of regional brands. It assists the Rongcheng kelp industry cluster in achieving high-quality development based on an analysis of the problems and countermeasures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Dobkowski, Katie. "The role of kelp crabs as consumers in bull kelp forests—evidence from laboratory feeding trials and field enclosures." PeerJ 5 (May 25, 2017): e3372. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3372.

Full text

Abstract:

The Northern kelp crab (Pugettia producta) and the graceful kelp crab (Pugettia gracilis) are common primary consumers in bull kelp beds near the San Juan Islands (Salish Sea, NE Pacific). In this system, urchins (often considered the most voracious herbivores exerting top-down control on kelp beds) tend to remain sedentary because of the high availability of detrital macroalgae, but the extent to which kelp crabs consume kelp (and other food options) is largely unknown. I conducted four types of laboratory feeding experiments to evaluate kelp crab feeding patterns: (1) feeding electivity between bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) and seven species of co-occurring local macroalgae; (2) feeding electivity on aged vs. fresh bull kelp; (3) feeding preference between N. luetkeana and small snails (Lacuna sp.); and (4) scaling of feeding rate with body size in P. producta and P. gracilis. In choice experiments, P. producta consumed greater mass of N. luetkeana than of other macroalgal species offered and elected to eat fresh bull kelp over aged. However, P. producta also consumed snails (Lacuna sp.), indicating more generalized feeding than previously suspected. Feeding rates for P. producta exceeded the expected 3∕4 scaling rule of metabolic rates, indicating that larger P. producta may have a disproportionately large impact on bull kelp. A subtidal field experiment, designed to assess the influence of consumers on juvenile bull kelp net tissue gain, found that only fully enclosed (protected) bull kelp increased in wet mass and blade length. Herbivory by kelp crabs, among other consumers, is likely to play a previously unrecognized role in mediating the growth and survival of this annual kelp species within the Salish Sea.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Liu, Xue Mei, Fun Xin Yang, and Feng Xian Wang. "Research on Kelp Coated Packaging Paper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.365.

Full text

Abstract:

Biopolymers have the potential to serve as coating materials for paper to improve its performance properties. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of kelp coating on the physical properties of coated papers. It was found that kelp coated paper showed significant difference on physical properties, compared with uncoated. Kelp coated papers greatly increased in tensile strength. Paper coated with kelp solution can be used to produce packages with the potential to be used to maintain agricultural produce quality for the food industry, and may have other applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Timmer, Brian, Luba Y. Reshitnyk, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Francis Juanes, and Maycira Costa. "Comparing the Use of Red-Edge and Near-Infrared Wavelength Ranges for Detecting Submerged Kelp Canopy." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092241.

Full text

Abstract:

Kelp forests are commonly classified within remote sensing imagery by contrasting the high reflectance in the near-infrared spectral region of kelp canopy floating at the surface with the low reflectance in the same spectral region of water. However, kelp canopy is often submerged below the surface of the water, making it important to understand the effects of kelp submersion on the above-water reflectance of kelp, and the depth to which kelp can be detected, in order to reduce uncertainties around the kelp canopy area when mapping kelp. Here, we characterized changes to the above-water spectra of Nereocystis luetkeana (Bull kelp) as different canopy structures (bulb and blades) were submerged in water from the surface to 100 cm in 10 cm increments, while collecting above-water hyperspectral measurements with a spectroradiometer (325–1075 nm). The hyperspectral data were simulated into the multispectral bandwidths of the WorldView-3 satellite and the Micasense RedEdge-MX unoccupied aerial vehicle sensors and vegetation indices were calculated to compare detection limits of kelp with a focus on differences between red edge and near infrared indices. For kelp on the surface, near-infrared reflectance was higher than red-edge reflectance. Once submerged, the kelp spectra showed two narrow reflectance peaks in the red-edge and near-infrared wavelength ranges, and the red-edge peak was consistently higher than the near-infrared peak. As a result, kelp was detected deeper with vegetation indices calculated with a red-edge band versus those calculated with a near infrared band. Our results show that using red-edge bands increased detection of submerged kelp canopy, which may be beneficial for estimating kelp surface-canopy area and biomass.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Cie, Damien K., and Matthew S. Edwards. "Vertical distribution of kelp zoospores." Phycologia 50, no. 4 (July 2011): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/10-48.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

BOOTH, W. "The Otter-Urchin-Kelp Scenario." Science 241, no. 4862 (July 8, 1988): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.241.4862.157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ash, C. "ECOLOGY: Kelp in the Depths." Science 318, no. 5849 (October 19, 2007): 363b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.318.5849.363b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Kathan, Ralph H. "KELP EXTRACTS AS ANTIVIRAL SUBSTANCES*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 130, no. 1 (December 16, 2006): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb12573.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Estes, James A., and Peter D. Steinberg. "Predation, herbivory, and kelp evolution." Paleobiology 14, no. 1 (1988): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011775.

Full text

Abstract:

We propose that the kelps (Laminariales) radiated in the North Pacific following the onset of late Cenozoic polar cooling. The evidence is that (1) extant kelps occur exclusively in cold-water habitats; (2) all but one of 27 kelp genera occur in the North Pacific, 19 of these exclusively; and (3) limpets and herbivorous marine mammals obligately associated with kelps or other stipitate brown algae appeared late in the Cenozoic, even though more generalized forms of both groups are much older. We propose, further, that sea otters and perhaps other groups of benthic-feeding predatory mammals, whose late Cenozoic distributions all were limited to the North Pacific, created an environment for the evolution of kelps in which the intensity of herbivory was unusually low. We hypothesize that this interaction created predictable differences among habitats in the intensity of herbivory on several spatial scales, with resulting trade-offs between anti-herbivore defenses and plant competitive abilities in their respective floras. Sea otters incur time and energy costs for diving, resulting in depth-related reductions to foraging efficiency and thus increased sizes and densities of herbivorous sea urchins. Thus, the deep-water flora is well defended, but competitively subordinate, compared with the shallow-water flora. Similarly, we argue that during the same period of earth history, predation had less of a limiting influence on herbivorous invertebrates in the temperate southwestern Pacific. We hypothesize that (1) consequent biogeographical differences in the intensity of herbivory may have selected the phenolic-rich brown algal flora in temperate Australia/New Zealand; and (2) tightly coevolved plant/herbivore interactions may explain why Australian and New Zealand herbivores are undeterred by phenolics and why other classes of secondary compounds in the Australian/New Zealand flora significantly deter herbivores.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Marshall, Michael. "Kelp is on the way." New Scientist 246, no. 3282 (May 2020): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(20)30935-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

McKeown, Dean A., Kim Stevens, Akira F. Peters, Peter Bond, Glenn M. Harper, Colin Brownlee, Murray T. Brown, and Declan C. Schroeder. "Phaeoviruses discovered in kelp (Laminariales)." ISME Journal 11, no. 12 (July 25, 2017): 2869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.130.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Witman, Jon D. "Stability of Atlantic kelp forests." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 3, no. 11 (November 1988): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(88)90099-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Johnson, Craig R. "Stability of atlantic kelp forests." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4, no. 3 (March 1989): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(89)90153-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Shaffer, Anne, Dave Parks, Erik Schoen, and David Beauchamp. "Salmon, forage fish, and kelp." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 17, no. 5 (June 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2056.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Kennelly, Steven J. "Inhibition of kelp recruitment by turfing algae and consequences for an Australian kelp community." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 112, no. 1 (September 1987): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(87)80014-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Carranza, Daniela M., Gisela C. Stotz, Julio A. Vásquez, and Wolfgang B. Stotz. "Trends in the effects of kelp removal on kelp populations, herbivores, and understory algae." Global Ecology and Conservation 49 (January 2024): e02805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02805.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Williams, JP, JT Claisse, DJ Pondella II, CM Williams, MJ Robart, Z. Scholz, EM Jaco, T. Ford, H. Burdick, and D. Witting. "Sea urchin mass mortality rapidly restores kelp forest communities." Marine Ecology Progress Series 664 (April 15, 2021): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13680.

Full text

Abstract:

Giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera is a foundational species that forms a 3-dimensional habitat and supports numerous high-value fisheries species. Constant grazing of kelp holdfasts by overabundant sea urchins causes catastrophic ecological and economic impacts on rocky reefs worldwide. Overgrazing creates urchin barrens that persist for decades in the absence of ecological forcing that would shift the ecosystem back to a kelp-dominated state. Annual surveys of kelp forest and urchin barren sites in the Southern California Bight were performed from 2011 to 2020 to assess changes in kelp forest communities as a result of restoration efforts through sea urchin culling. However, that time period also encompassed a sea urchin mass mortality event. Following drastic reductions of sea urchin densities, rocky reefs returned to a kelp-dominated state within approximately 6 mo and remained stable through the remainder of the study. Benthic cover, fish, and kelp and macroinvertebrate communities inside former urchin barrens became more similar to that of kelp forest reference sites and continued to do so for the next 5 yr. Giant kelp density increased significantly compared to existing kelp forests, while benthic indicators of urchin dominance (i.e. crustose coralline algae and bare rock cover) decreased. Kelp restoration through sea urchin culling essentially mimics sea urchin mass mortality events. If culling can produce similar declines in urchin density, it may be a viable management tool to rapidly restore persistent urchin barrens at moderate spatial scales, while a mass mortality event can drive recovery of kelp forest communities at more extensive spatial scales.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Steneck, Robert S., Michael H. Graham, Bruce J. Bourque, Debbie Corbett, Jon M. Erlandson, James A. Estes, and Mia J. Tegner. "Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 4 (December 2002): 436–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000322.

Full text

Abstract:

Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components of coldwater rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests develop globally and where, why and at what rate they become deforested. The ecology and long archaeological history of kelp forests are examined through case studies from southern California, the Aleutian Islands and the western North Atlantic, well-studied locations that represent the widest possible range in kelp forest biodiversity. Global distribution of kelp forests is physiologically constrained by light at high latitudes and by nutrients, warm temperatures and other macrophytes at low latitudes. Within mid-latitude belts (roughly 40–60° latitude in both hemispheres) well-developed kelp forests are most threatened by herbivory, usually from sea urchins. Overfishing and extirpation of highly valued vertebrate apex predators often triggered herbivore population increases, leading to widespread kelp deforestation. Such deforestations have the most profound and lasting impacts on species-depauperate systems, such as those in Alaska and the western North Atlantic. Globally urchin-induced deforestation has been increasing over the past 2–3 decades. Continued fishing down of coastal food webs has resulted in shifting harvesting targets from apex predators to their invertebrate prey, including kelp-grazing herbivores. The recent global expansion of sea urchin harvesting has led to the widespread extirpation of this herbivore, and kelp forests have returned in some locations but, for the first time, these forests are devoid of vertebrate apex predators. In the western North Atlantic, large predatory crabs have recently filled this void and they have become the new apex predator in this system. Similar shifts from fish- to crab-dominance may have occurred in coastal zones of the United Kingdom and Japan, where large predatory finfish were extirpated long ago. Three North American case studies of kelp forests were examined to determine their long history with humans and project the status of future kelp forests to the year 2025. Fishing impacts on kelp forest systems have been both profound and much longer in duration than previously thought. Archaeological data suggest that coastal peoples exploited kelp forest organisms for thousands of years, occasionally resulting in localized losses of apex predators, outbreaks of sea urchin populations and probably small-scale deforestation. Over the past two centuries, commercial exploitation for export led to the extirpation of sea urchin predators, such as the sea otter in the North Pacific and predatory fishes like the cod in the North Atlantic. The large-scale removal of predators for export markets increased sea urchin abundances and promoted the decline of kelp forests over vast areas. Despite southern California having one of the longest known associations with coastal kelp forests, widespread deforestation is rare. It is possible that functional redundancies among predators and herbivores make this most diverse system most stable. Such biodiverse kelp forests may also resist invasion from non-native species. In the species-depauperate western North Atlantic, introduced algal competitors carpet the benthos and threaten future kelp dominance. There, other non-native herbivores and predators have become established and dominant components of this system. Climate changes have had measurable impacts on kelp forest ecosystems and efforts to control the emission of greenhouse gasses should be a global priority. However, overfishing appears to be the greatest manageable threat to kelp forest ecosystems over the 2025 time horizon. Management should focus on minimizing fishing impacts and restoring populations of functionally important species in these systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Kelp'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles