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Journal articles on the topic 'Keels Design and construction'
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1
Hasanudin, Jeng Horng Chen, I. Ketut Aria Pria Utama, and Haris Hendratmoko. "An Investigation into the Effect of Bilge Keels to the Roll Motion Response of Fishing Vessel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 862 (January 2017): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.862.284.
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Stability of a ship is very influenced by ship’s roll motion, which is able to cause the ship to capsize. One of the main component which influence the roll motion, is the usage of motion damper at the ship’s hull. Bilge keel is a kind of passive damper whose construction is easy and does not require special system in the operation. The suitable bilge keel size is able to reduce excessive ship motion response when experiencing excitation force. This paper investigates the influence of bilge keel to the motion response of the ship by using a fishing vessel model with round bilge. The study was carried out by model experiment in the calm water and oblique wave using 6 types of bilge keel variation in its length and width. The results showed that the application of bilge keel is able to reduce about 37% motion response of the vessel; and the increase area of bilge keel also reduce the roll damping to 59%. It also can be concluded that common design bilge keel for merchant ship can be applied to the fishing vessel.
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Tier, L., M. Owen, and T. Sadler. "Practical Aspects of Canting Keel Design, Construction and Analysis." International Journal of Small Craft Technology 149, b2 (2007): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijsct.2007.b2.6007.
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Yamamoto, Tomohiko, Atsushi Katoh, Yoshitaka Chikazawa, and Kazuo Negishi. "Design Evaluation Method of Steel-Plate Reinforced Concrete Structure Containment Vessel for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0645.
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The Japan Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) adopts the new concept of a containment vessel called a steel-plate-reinforced concrete containment vessel (SCCV). The SCCV is considered to be effective in shortening construction periods by the elimination of rebar work at a site compared with applying a reinforced concrete CV. In addition to this advantage, the SCCV achieves high-quality building structure because steel structural parts are fabricated at a factory prior to site construction. Although the SC structure has been used for buildings at a light-water reactor (LWR), etc., the SC structure has not yet been adopted for the CV. An SFR CV has a lower pressure environment than the LWR CV, although the environmental temperature of the SFR is much higher than that of the LWR in the postulated coolant leakage accident. It is therefore important to investigate its characteristics at high temperature to adopt the SC structure to the JSFR CV because the CV keeps containment functions in accidents to be assumed in design. This paper describes the construction of the design evaluation method from design (construction period shortening) and accident management, experimental, and analytical points of view.
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Wang, Hao, Quan Liu, Hongyang Zhang, Yinlong Jin, and Wenzhen Yu. "A Two-Stage Decision-Making Method Based on WebGIS for Bulk Material Transportation of Hydropower Construction." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051726.
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Bulk materials are necessary for hydropower construction. The bulk materials transportation (BMT) scheme is a guiding document for material supply, and its selection has a significant influence on hydropower construction. Since the BMT problem includes transportation planning and scheme selection issues simultaneously, only a small number of studies have focused on it. This paper presents a theoretical two-stage decision-making method (TDM), which innovatively combines the path optimization method and the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to solve the BMT problem. In the first stage, a multi-source path optimization model is established to optimize the transportation network and obtain a set of alternatives from each supply point to the construction site. In the second stage, considering the factors of economy, risk and construction progress, the MCDM method is adopted to select the optimal scheme from the alternatives. In addition, web crawler technology is used to obtain the transportation network data from the public WebGIS automatically. Case results show that the TDM can effectively solve this problem, and its result keeps consistent with engineering practice; with the help of the web crawler, it can reduce the design task time from months to days. Therefore, the TDM based on WebGIS can benefit hydropower construction design efficiency.
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Wen, Sen, and Qing Mei Kong. "Deformation Analysis on Deep Buried Tunnel of Weak Rock Mass Material with Material Properties under TBM Construction." Advanced Materials Research 675 (March 2013): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.675.125.
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Deep buried tunnel of weak rock masses material is prone to generate large deformation; it’s easily trapped when TBM is used, so it’s important to predict the deformation in weak rock mass material. The method of orthogonal experimental design is adopted to design numerical experiment；Accordingly to the designed experiment, . FLAC3D is used to calculate and lots of data of deformation is derived. Percentage strain keeps the same when the diameter varies. Thorough analysis is carried out on derived data. The formulas of maximal strain in shied area, strain in tunnel face and supported area is regressed. The predictive value and test value have obvious linear relationship and it demonstrates that regressed formulas are credible.
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Guo, Ying. "Design of University Financial Information System Based on Data Mining Technology and IoT." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 22, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6830608.
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As China’s information construction level keeps getting better and higher education keeps getting better, new rules and regulations are being made and put into place. These new rules and regulations require colleges and universities to have comprehensive budget management, dynamic fund management, scientific forecast analysis and performance assessment, and the integration of campus cards and digital campuses. At present, the financial management concept and financial management software used by colleges and universities have been relatively lagging behind, which cannot adapt to the needs of current information and career development. Therefore, the financial information system of colleges and universities based on data mining technology is designed. The hardware part is designed with CORBA interceptor, B/S structure, and SQL converter. The software part first figures out what kind of financial information platform is needed. Then, using data mining technology, it builds a financial information model. Finally, it designs the functional module of financial information technology and builds the financial index system for colleges and universities. The results of the system tests show that the designed financial information system works well and has some use value.
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Qiu, Yu Liang, Xiao Xu Zhang, Bao Tong Shi, Rui Huang, and Qing Xia Zhang. "Checking Analysis of Lining Structural Strength in Aeolian Sand Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.307.
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The crushing and loosening arised from the characteristics such as single particle, bad gradation, lacking of self-stability, low cohesion, loose structure and shear strength happen frequently in the aeolian sand formation. These characteristics lead to tremendous difficulty for tunnel's design and construction. Loading such as formation pressure must be undertaken by secondary lining. In this paper, relying on Shen-Mu Tunnel of Yu-Shen expressway, the strength of lining section has been checked according to internal force combination through imitating the interaction of rock and lining by applying elastic resistance. The bearing force of secondary lining in aeolian sand tunnel has been discussed through calculation by ANSYS, which plays an important directive role on the construction process and keeps the project going on well.
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Sharafat, Abubakar, Muhammad Shoaib Khan, Kamran Latif, Waqas Arshad Tanoli, Wonyoung Park, and Jongwon Seo. "BIM-GIS-Based Integrated Framework for Underground Utility Management System for Earthwork Operations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 5721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125721.
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Underground utilities are important assets that provide basic services for society’s daily life. They are generally very complex and remain unnoticed until they fail due to any particular reason. The stakeholders involved in the design, construction, and maintenance of utility infrastructure face many problems due to the traditional underground utility management system, resulting in injuries, loss of life, disruptions, project delays, and financial loss. The problem with the traditional system is that it uses 2D drawings and keeps unreliable information or a lack of updated information, which makes it an inefficient utility management system. With the advancement in construction information technology, we can address this effectively by integrating BIM and GIS. In this paper, a novel integrated BIM-GIS framework for underground utility management systems was developed on the basis of IFC to CityGML mapping. It provides an effective underground utility management system that facilitates designers in optimization of the design, assists in the excavator’s operator by providing real-time three-dimensional spatial information during the construction process, and acts as an as-built information database for utility facility management. For validation, a real-time project case study indicated that the proposed system can effectively provide comprehensive underground utility information at different project stages.
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Holton, Mark D., Rory P. Wilson, Jonas Teilmann, and Ursula Siebert. "Animal tag technology keeps coming of age: an engineering perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1831 (June 28, 2021): 20200229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0229.
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Animal-borne tags (biologgers) have now become extremely sophisticated, recording data from multiple sensors at high frequencies for long periods and, as such, have become a powerful tool for behavioural ecologists and physiologists studying wild animals. But the design and implementation of these tags is not trivial because engineers have to maximize performance and ability to function under onerous conditions while minimizing tag mass and volume (footprint) to maximize the wellbeing of the animal carriers. We present some of the major issues faced by tag engineers and show how tag designers must accept compromises while maintaining systems that can answer the questions being posed. We also argue that basic understanding of engineering issues in tag design by biologists will help feedback to engineers to better tag construction but also reduce the likelihood that tag-deploying biologists will misunderstand their own results. Finally, we suggest that proper consideration of conventional technology together with new approaches will lead to further step changes in our understanding of wild-animal biology using smart tags. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part II)’.
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Ding, Bo, Huan Qing Jiang, Hong Xia Wan, and Feng Zhang. "Lattice Light Steel Frame System and Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1110.
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Lattice light steel frame is a new type of structural system, combining general steel framework which is composed of lattice column and lattice beam with lattice light steel keel of the partitions and floors, the system takes full advantages of both structural systems, with high speed construction, less steel consumption, good earthquake-resistance etc., and possesses good prospects. The paper describes the system construction approach and the characteristics of lattice light steel frame system, and provides a project example of a villa. The design method and calculation model of the project are presented. Calculation results meet the specifications’ requirements, proving the new system can be applied to practical engineering. The paper gives guidance for application and research of this new system.
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Sponberg, Eric W. "Project Amazon: An Open Class 60 Sailboat for Single-Handed Round-the-World Racing." Marine Technology and SNAME News 37, no. 02 (April 1, 2000): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2000.37.2.65.
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Project Amazon is a custom-designed Open Class 60 sailboat that began development in 1992. Detail design took place in 1995–96, and construction occurred in 1996–97. Project Amazon is an aluminum cat-ketch with two carbon fiber, free-standing, rotating wingmasts, an aluminum asymmetrical swinging keel, and twin carbon fiber, daggerboard-style rudders. Followers of the Around Alone and Vendée Globe single-handed, around-the-world races and developments of Open Class 60 sailboats may find these features unusual because collectively they do not fit mainstream racing sailboat design. None of Project Amazon's design features is totally new to sailboat naval architecture. These ideas have all been tried before, and all have been successful. But this is probably the first time that so many innovations have been combined into a single major racing sailboat design.
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Bolonkin, Alexander, Shmuel Neumann, and Joseph Friedlander. "Transparent Inflatable Column Film Dome for Nuclear Stations, Stadiums, and Cities." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/175492.
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In a series of previous articles, one of the authors published designs of the AB Dome which can cover a city, important large installations or subregions by a transparent thin film supported by a small additional air overpressure. The AB Dome keeps the outside atmospheric conditions from the interior protecting a city from chemical, bacterial, and radioactive weapons (wastes). The design in this article differs from previous one as this design employs an inflatable columns which does not need an additional pressure (overpressure) inside the dome and is cheaper in construction (no powered air pumping station) and in operation (no special entrance airlock and permanent pumping expense). When dome is supported by columns, no overpressure is required inside the dome which is important when the dome covers a damaged nuclear reactor. The nuclear reactor may produce radioactive gases and dust, and, as inflatable domes are not typically hermetically sealed, the increased pressure inside the dome can leak out gas and dust into the atmosphere. The suggested design does not have this drawback. Positive pressure gradients expel dust particles—neutral pressure gradients will not. (Negative pressure gradients may even be possible in certain configurations.)
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Mikshis, N. I., and V. V. Kutyrev. "Current State of the Problem of Vaccine Development for Specific Prophylaxis of Plague." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2019-1-50-63.
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Emergence of large-scale plague outbreaks in Africa and South America countries in the modern period, characterized by high frequency of pneumonic plague development (including with lethal outcome) keeps up the interest of scientists to the matters of development and testing of means for specific prophylaxis of this particularly dangerous infectious disease. WHO workshop that was held in 2018 identified the general principles of optimization of design and testing of new-generation vaccines effectively protecting the population from plague infection. Application of the achievements of biological and medical sciences for outlining rational strategy for construction of immunobiological preparations led to a certain progress in the creation of not only sub-unit vaccines based on recombinant antigens, but also live and vector preparations on the platform of safe bacterial strains and replicating and non-replicating viruses in recent years. The review comprehensively considers the relevant trends in vaccine construction for plague prevention, describes advantages of the state-of-the art methodologies for their safety and efficiency enhancement.
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Greeley, David S., and John H. Cross-Whiter. "Design and Hydrodynamic Performance of Sailboat Keels." Marine Technology and SNAME News 26, no. 04 (October 1, 1989): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1989.26.4.260.
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Computational techniques for sailing yacht keel design and analysis are presented and their application in the design process is discussed by means of examples for several different types of yacht keels. Comparisons of computed results and experimental data are made where possible to show the usefulness of the computational procedures presented, as well as their shortcomings. The emphasis of the paper is on the development of insight into the physical variables influencing keel hydrodynamic behavior, rather than optimization procedures for specific configurations. The computational techniques presented were developed and utilized by the authors during the 1987 America's Cup campaign, and have been used subsequently for both cruising and racing yacht keel design work.
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Jensen, J. Steen, R. Nilsen, J. Zeffer, J. Fisk, and C. Hartz. "Clinical Field Testing of Vulcanized Rubber Feet for Trans-Tibial Amputees in Tropical Low-Income Countries." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 30, no. 2 (August 2006): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640600794692.
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In a prospective, controlled study, 186 prosthetic rubber feet of different designs were fitted to amputees with trans-tibial prostheses. There were 158 amputees available for follow-up. The amputee compliance was good and 89% were satisfied with their device. After 18 months of use one VI-Solid rubber foot from VVAF in Cambodia had failed, as compared to 11% failures with the same foot with a heel cavity, 3% with the EB-1 sandwich construction from POF in Vietnam, all performing significantly better than the 62% encountered with the vulcanized rubber foot from ICRC in Cambodia; the latter representing half of the feet failing in amputees walking bare-footed. Nearly all failures were located at the foot-sole or the keel. The failure rate was 20% for the HI-Cambodia foot after 12 months. After 24 months of use, still only one VI-Solid rubber foot had failed and this foot design was found superior to the others in regard of durability.
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Petrović, Dalibor, Marjan Dodić, and Nenad Kapor. "A New Design Solution for Aircraft Wheels that Reduces Overpressure in the Tire while Retaining its Absorption Power and its Dimensions." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 7-8 (July 15, 2020): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.6593.
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It is well-known that high working overpressure in a tire adversely affects its service life, while a lower overpressure requires larger tire dimensions and weight. The goal of this research is to find the way to decrease the overpressure in a standard tire in order to increase its durability, while preserving or increasing its load-capacity and retaining the same geometric characteristics. This paper presents a new construction solution that consists of a standard (outer) tire and a smaller (inner) tire inserted in the standard one. This set of tires creates a unique kinetic energy absorption system that occurs when the aircraft lands in direct contact with the runway. During the aircraft hard landing, a large deformation of the tire occurs, i.e., the tire surface is drawn inward both in the cross-section and in the longitudinal section. In this case, the whole weight of the airplane is directed on the tire-shoulder, meaning that the actual contact surface is small. In the new solution, the inner tire prevents the standard tire from drawing inward and keeps it in contact with the runway during tire deflection. A comparative analysis of the change in deflection, track width, and stress distribution of a standard tire and a set of tires in the new solution is performed. It was shown that the new construction solution increases the tire track width by about 8 % and, therefore, the greater contact area between the tires and the runway. In addition, tire stress is decreased by about 40 %; therefore, it has higher tire durability, as well as the ability to absorb more kinetic energy by 56 % compared to a standard tire.
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Hainin, Mohd Rosli, Nur Izzi Md Yusoff, Mohd Fahmi Mohammad Sabri, Mohd Azizi Abdul Aziz, Mohd Anwar Sahul Hameed, and Wasid Farooq Reshi. "Steel Slag as an Aggregate Replacement in Malaysian Hot Mix Asphalt." ISRN Civil Engineering 2012 (September 11, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/459016.
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As natural aggregate sources are becoming depleted due to high demand in road construction and the amount of disposed waste material keeps increasing, researchers are exploring the use of alternative materials which could preserve natural sources and save the environment. In this study, steel slag was used as an aggregate replacement in conventional dense graded asphalt mixes (ACW14 and ACB28). Steel slag was selected due to its characteristics, which are almost similar to conventional aggregates, and the fact that it is easily obtainable as a by-product of the steel industry. The same gradations of mixtures were produced using normal crushed aggregate as control samples. The Marshall mix design system was used for sample preparation in accordance with Malaysian specifications. Samples of asphaltic concrete were subjected to the resilient modulus test, creep test and rutting test. Samples made from steel slag show significantly better results than conventional aggregate. Therefore, utilization of steel slag will reduce land fill, save natural resources and improve the strength of pavement to sustain a higher volume of vehicles. This will shift the gear in sustainable pavement construction, which is most desirable in today’s energy deficient world.
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Haklay, Gil, and Avi Gopher. "Geometry and Architectural Planning at Göbekli Tepe, Turkey." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774319000660.
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The site of Göbekli Tepe in southeastern Turkey keeps fascinating archaeologists as it is being exposed. The excavation since 1995 has been accompanied by a lively discussion about the meaning and implications of its remarkable early Neolithic megalithic architecture, unprecedented in its monumentality, complexity and symbolic content. The building history and the chronological relations between the different structures (enclosures), however, remain in many ways a challenge and open to further analysis. The study presented here is an attempt to contribute in this direction by applying a preliminary architectural formal analysis in order to reconstruct aspects of the architectural design processes involved in the construction of the monumental enclosures. This is done under the premise that such investigation would shed light on the chaîne opératoire of the enclosures' construction and their history, thus enabling a fresh look as well as an evaluation of past suggestions regarding these structures and the people who built them. Indeed, the results of the analysis brought to light an underlying geometric pattern which offers a new understanding of the assemblage of architectural remains indicating that three of the stone-built large enclosures were planned and initially built as a single project.
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Deng, Rui, Wenyang Duan, Shan Ma, and Yong Ma. "Numerical Research of the Viscous Effect of the Bilge Keel on the Damping Moment." Polish Maritime Research 22, s1 (September 1, 2015): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0035.
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Abstract Bilge keels are effective passive devices in mitigating the rolling motion, and the usage of them covers almost all the sea going vessels. This paper focuses on the viscous effect of the bilge keel, ignored the effect of the free surface and the effect of the ship hull, for the general viscous characteristic of the bilge keel. In order to investigate the viscous effect of the bilge keel on the total damping moment, a special 2 dimensional numerical model, which includes a submerged cylinder with and without bilge keels, is designed for the simulation of forced rolling. Three important factors such as bilge keels width, rolling periods, as well as maximal rolling angles are taken into account, and the viscous flow field around the cylinder is simulated by some codes based on the viscous method in different conditions, in which the three factors are coupled. Verification and validation based on the ITTC method are performed for the cylinder without bilge keels in the conditions of different rolling periods and maximal rolling angles. The primary calculation of damping moment induced by the cylinder with 0mm, 4mm, and 10mm width bilge keels shows some interesting results, and a systematic analysis is conducted. The analysis of the damping moment components suggests there is phase difference between the damping moment induced by the cylinder and the bilge keels, and when the bilge keels width reaches a special size, the total damping moment is mitigated. The calculation of the damping moments induced by the cylinder with some larger bilge keels are also performed, and the results suggest that, the damping moment induced by the bilge keels is increased rapidly and becomes the dominant part in the total damping moment while the width of the bilge keels are increased, but the damping moment induced by the cylinder is not changed significantly. Some illustration of the vortices formation and shedding is included, which is the mechanism of the damping moment caused by the bilge keels. The present work shows an interesting problem, and it is useful for the bilge keel design.
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Wang, Zhiqiang, Chengjun Wu, Hongya Qu, and Wei Xiao. "Efficiency of an Improved Grouted Corrugated Duct (GCD) Connection Design for Precast Concrete Bridge Pier: Numerical and Parametric Study." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010227.
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In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) has been conducted for an improved grouted corrugated duct (GCD) connection design with a reserved recess in bridge footing. This study aims to understand the damage progression mechanism and to evaluate the contribution of each component in the improved GCD connection design. Numerical model based on the experimental results are first created, validated and calibrated. It is found that the confining effect (support and friction force) provided by recess sidewall keeps the connection in good integrity. It also prevents early deformation and early development of transverse cracks along the connection interface, which further avoids the damage concentration at connection joint, transfers the plastic hinge region. Parametric study is then carried out by considering different recess depths, cushion thicknesses, recess diameters, and mortar strengths. The effect of recess details on mechanical behavior is thus studied. Recess depth can be designed as 6–20% of the column section size to ensure a higher upper limit of overall strength and ductility, and it also influences the stress distribution area of the joint local. The stiffness and strength of recess control the local damage, while has limited impact on the overall performance. In addition, preliminary suggestions on the GCD design of recess depth, thickness of mortar cushion, recess diameter, the strength of mortar are proposed.
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Dayanov, Raphael, and Anna Zalmanzon. "The House of Friderici as a Lost Element of the Background Development in Tsarskoye Selo." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 16, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2020-16-4-75-91.
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The paper considers the history of the construction of lost element of the background building in Tzarskoe Selo – by the modern address Saints-Petersburg, town of Pushkin, 21, Krasnaya Zvezda street. This house was built in 1938 and was many times rebuilt and finally completely lost its initial appearance, but is still on the place of its construction. On the base of archival researchers, we manage to reveal the sequence of its reconstructions and architectural features of the building in the various periods of its existence. We have determined names of architects who participated in design and construction of the house (I.A. Rezantzev, A. A. Ton) and also found names of its owners in different periods. It was thought that widow Frideretzi was the first owner of the house. Our studies show that there were at least two owners before her. Genealogical studies allowed collecting information about Elisabeth Frideritzi, who was in fact the last but not the only owner of the house in the prerevolutionary period. The survived drafts and pictorial representations, published for the first time in our article, help to produce detailed description of the building. Special attention of the authors paid to the reconstruction to the design of architect V.D. Sokolov in 1909 – 1910. The fate of the background buildings in town of Pushkin in 20th century turned tragically. During the World War II the town was occupied by Nazi. 85% of buildings were destroyed completely, and the rest needed serious renovation. In 1947 the former house of Frideritzes was reconstructed in the style of Soviet classicism, and its initial appearance was distorted. The paper gives the critical description of the architecture of the building. In the 1960 the building has had the capital repair, which changed its internal plan. The building now keeps size and scale of the initial background building, other elements, which define its city planning significance are lost. The object lost its authentic appearance and therefore cannot be considered object of history of culture.
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BEATON, J., and G. TOLHURST. "DEBT, DAMAGES AND RESTITUTION." Cambridge Law Journal 57, no. 2 (July 1998): 235–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197398280019.
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StoczniaGdanska SA v. Latvian Shipping Co. [1998] 1 W. L. R. 574 concerned six contracts to “design, build, complete and deliver” six ships. The buyers were to pay 20 per cent. of the price after receiving notice that the keel had been laid. The contract gave the seller the right to terminate if payments were not made and to retain any instalments paid and, if it terminated, to sell the vessel whether completed or not. Keels were laid for vessels 1 and 2 but the buyers failed to pay and the seller terminated. It then renumbered the keels, gave notice for payment under the third and fourth contracts, terminated those contracts when payment was not forthcoming, and renumbered the keels again and gave notice for payment under the fifth and sixth contracts. It then exercised its right of sale, appropriating the keels to a contract with a third party. As well as damages, the seller claimed the 20 per cent. instalments under all six contracts.
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Velichko, N. "Trends in the Evolution of Visual Communication in the Context of Book Design." Vìsnik Harkìvsʹkoi deržavnoi akademìi dizajnu ì mistectv 2020, no. 3 (December 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33625/visnik2020.03.005.
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The article reviews the stages and factors of evolution in visual communication. It also analyzes the basic principles in construction of such communication. Features of a book as a communicative carrier are reviewed. The article reveals current trends of visual communication evolution, their origins and historical analogues. The author proves that changes in communication technologies are closely related to changes in the principles of information consumption. Modern features of communicative space development are revealed. They include interactivity, multimedia, and hypertextuality. Due to these factors, expansion of the role of the visual component and its more active use as the main carrier in the communicative culture keeps going on in recent years. Analysis of the modern communicative space indicates not only the tendency to visualize. Firstly, a distinctive feature of modern communications is an easy access of almost any information accumulated by mankind. Secondly, general acceleration of the pace of life pushes to the need to learn and relearn, gain new knowledge every day, spending as little time as possible. Third, the user has a habit to respond to any type of information interactively. This is one of the most important changes in the principles of transmission and perception of information, which involves the user in the process of perception and makes him a co‑author. The present research shows that visual communication uses not only modern approaches, such as hypertextuality, multimedia and interactivity, but also traditional methods of artistic practices, such as color, composition, shaping, etc. Modern trends in visual communication feature redefining of the techniques inherent in visual communication for a long time. At the same time, there is a certain interpenetration of techniques inherent in computer and print media. The development of methods of information transfer is continuing. The emerging of new forms is possible, which may serve as a topic for further research.
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Martins, Rui F., Hugo Rodrigues, L. Leal das Neves, and P. Pires da Silva. "Failure analysis of bilge keels and its design improvement." Engineering Failure Analysis 27 (January 2013): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.06.002.
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Yang, Jing, and Wenwu Fu. "REINTERPRETATION OF CHINESE MOUNTAIN-DWELLING SPIRIT IN SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DESIGN." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 4 (September 1, 2022): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.4.267.
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ABSTRACT Through a pedagogical study on the culture-oriented residential design over the past several years, a course of mountain residential design based on the Chinese mountain-dwelling spirit is developed for those students in their senior year of an undergraduate architectural design program. In this program, three design steps, i.e. overall planning, unit organization and house type design are integrated with three aspects of the mountain-dwelling spirit, i.e. “hugeness and tininess,” “precedence and subsequence” and “external and internal.” Meanwhile, different levels of two methods, i.e. topography and schema were taken into consideration. This stimulates students’ critical thinking of the tradition spirits, combines the prototype of tradition with sustainable design, and keeps balance between theory and practice. Finally, three design cases from the course are introduced to enlighten the reinterpretation of Chinese mountain-dwelling spirit.
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Galvin, Cyril, Charles J. Rooney, and Gilbert K. Nersesian. "FEDERAL JETTY AND SAND DIKE AT THE ENTRANCE OF FIRE ISLAND INLET, NEW YORK." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.85.
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Prior to construction at Fire Island Inlet, Fire Island was moving westward at more than 200 feet per year, the north shore of the inlet was eroding severely, and navigation in the inlet was difficult. The Federal Jetty, completed in 1941, and the sand dike, built in 1959, have halted the westward migration, eliminated the severe erosion, and partially improved navigation, with minimal maintenance or repair to the structures. There has been a large net accretion of sand east of the jetty and west of the dike, an unknown part of which is at the expense of shores to the west of the inlet. At the State Park on the south side of the inlet interior, erosion accelerated, probably because of the dike. The middle and ocean segments of the 4750-foot Federal Jetty are now (1987) in good condition, although the design implies a stability coefficient for the quarrystone jetty head at time of construction that would now be considered risky. Stability has been promoted by a stone blanket under and east of the jetty, a thick stone apron seaward of the jetty, a low (8 feet MLW) crest, and armor stone that has been partially keyed in place. Damage due to scour, common at other single-jetty inlets, is absent here because longshore transport, which easily overtops the low crest, keeps the inlet channel away from the jetty. Although the two seaward segments of the jetty remain in good condition, the inshore segment of the jetty is in poor condition, despite its apparently sheltered location. The cumulative effects of waves, possibly channeled to the site along recurved spits during storms, have damaged 1200 feet, and tidal scour has destroyed about 230 feet. The damaged segment has a design cross section which is onefifth and one-twelfth the cross sections of the jetty trunk and head.
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Al-Dababseh, A. M. F., and E. V. Markova. "IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF ASSEMBLY OF THE KEEL STIFFNESS OF MILITARY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT." RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 36, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2020-36-2-18-44.
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The article is devoted to the development of the technology of sub-keel stiffness Assembly. Production of an airplane airframe begins with the manufacture of parts and ends with Assembly work of nodes, aggregates, docking and installation work on the finished product. Currently, one of the main elements of the productive process of manufacturing aircraft is considered Assembly production. The main factors that determine the specifics of Assembly work in aircraft construction are: the large number of parts of the airframe, as well as a wide variety of structural materials used. This leads to a variety of technological processes and equipment, complicates the planning, control and accounting of Assembly work; the complexity of production forms and low rigidity of most elements of the airframe design, which makes it necessary to use numerous and complex technological equipment; high requirements for the quality of the aircraft as a whole and its individual elements, which require the latest control methods, including special equipment; extensive cooperation of production significantly complicates the solution of issues of ensuring the accuracy and interchangeability of airframe design elements; frequent change of production facilities due to the rapid aging of aircraft equipment. The duration and complexity of Assembly work, depending on the type of aircraft, is from 30-56% of all production labor. Assembly and installation work includes airframe Assembly, installation of equipment and power plants, installation of flight control systems and take-off and landing facilities, airfield work to prepare the aircraft for flight tests and delivery to the customer. Assembly and installation works are characterized by the complexity of the work performed, a relatively low level of mechanization of technological operations of Assembly and installation, which entails a large labor intensity of manufacturing products, a low level of labor productivity. Assembly work can be divided into three types: node Assembly-Assembly of nodes (spars, ribs, frames, hatch flaps); aggregate - Assembly of compartments, units, sections of the airframe; General Assembly of aircraft - Assembly-docking of individual units into a whole product and leveling work.
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King, K. S., R. M. Quigley, F. Fernandez, D. W. Reades, and A. Bacopoulos. "Hydraulic conductivity and diffusion monitoring of the Keele Valley Landfill liner, Maple, Ontario." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-011.
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The 99-ha Keele Valley Landfill is located in a former sand and gravel pit at Maple, Ontario. The base and sides of the pit are lined with a minimum of 1.2 m of excavated clayey silt till recompacted to achieve a design hydraulic conductivity of 1 × 10−8 cm/s or less. Extensive construction controls and monitoring programs have been implemented to determine the hydraulic conductivity and advective performance of the liner. A total of 267 postcompaction laboratory hydraulic conductivity (k) tests indicated that the first two stages of the liner had a geometric mean k of 7.7 × 10−9 cm/s. Calculations of in situ hydraulic conductivity based on lysimeter effluent collection rates show decreases in k to field values close to the laboratory values. In situ electrical conductivity sensors and lysimeter effluent chemistry measurements have monitored the advance of leachate-derived chemicals into the liner. Concurrent field verification by liner exhumation and chemical analysis has confirmed the importance of diffusion as the dominant migration mechanism through this low-k liner. Similar concentration trends for major ions have been observed in the field lysimeter effluents, effluents from laboratory liner–leachate compatibility tests, and pore water extracted from core samples of sections of exhumed liner exposed to leachate. The multicomponent field and laboratory testing and monitoring programs have shown good cross-agreement, and the actual performance of the liner has been close to preconstruction predictions. Key words : landfill, clayey liner, field hydraulic conductivity, field diffusion, municipal solid waste leachate, field lysimeter test, laboratory hydraulic conductivity, liner–leachate compatibility.
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Letcher, John S., Christopher P. Cressy, James C. Oliver, and Martin J. Fritts. "Hydro-Numeric Design of Winglet Keels for Stars & Stripes." Marine Technology and SNAME News 24, no. 04 (October 1, 1987): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1987.24.4.265.
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A new computational method is presented for the design of optimal keels for racing yachts. The method was used in the design of the 1987 America's Cup winner Stars & Stripes. Lift and induced drag are computed with an extended version of the VSAERO panel method program, employing a far-field wake integration technique. Parametric studies of lift and induced drag performance for variations of keel and winglet geometry are presented. The optimal configuration for the expected racing conditions was chosen through a sailing performance code which accepted as input the parameterized lift and induced drag relationships.
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Bardamova, Marina, Anton Konev, Ilya Hodashinsky, and Alexander Shelupanov. "A Fuzzy Classifier with Feature Selection Based on the Gravitational Search Algorithm." Symmetry 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10110609.
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This paper concerns several important topics of the Symmetry journal, namely, pattern recognition, computer-aided design, diversity and similarity. We also take advantage of the symmetric and asymmetric structure of a transfer function, which is responsible to map a continuous search space to a binary search space. A new method for design of a fuzzy-rule-based classifier using metaheuristics called Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is discussed. The paper identifies three basic stages of the classifier construction: feature selection, creating of a fuzzy rule base and optimization of the antecedent parameters of rules. At the first stage, several feature subsets are obtained by using the wrapper scheme on the basis of the binary GSA. Creating fuzzy rules is a serious challenge in designing the fuzzy-rule-based classifier in the presence of high-dimensional data. The classifier structure is formed by the rule base generation algorithm by using minimum and maximum feature values. The optimal fuzzy-rule-based parameters are extracted from the training data using the continuous GSA. The classifier performance is tested on real-world KEEL (Knowledge Extraction based on Evolutionary Learning) datasets. The results demonstrate that highly accurate classifiers could be constructed with relatively few fuzzy rules and features.
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Zhang, Yumin, Zeqi Zhu, Rongchao Xu, and Zhiquan Huang. "Effect of Seismic Frequency Spectra on Surrounding Rock Damage Evolution of Large Underground Caverns." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (July 17, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3265460.
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To explore the distribution and evolution of the surrounding rock of underground caverns of hydropower stations, the dynamic compression tests for granite sample were carried out and the dynamic constitutive relation suitable to computer programming was established in terms of strain-based static elastic-plastic damage constitutive relation. By inputting five earthquakes of various frequency spectra, the fully nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed for some large underground caverns in the gorge and mountain region in Sichuan Province in China with the explicit difference method. The simulation results show that, as the input seismic waves become strong gradually, the damage zone generally extends deeply from the middle of side walls. The damage zone reaches the maximum value in areas immediately after the seismic acceleration peak arrives and keeps constant thereafter. According to the initial analysis, if the dominant frequency of input wave approaches the natural frequency of underground caverns, the maximum area of damage zone will increase. Those findings may provide practical data for earthquake-resistant design and construction.
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Vijgen, P. M. H. W., C. P. van Dam, and C. J. Obara. "Turbulence Effects on the Design and Performance of Low-Drag Keels." Journal of Ship Research 36, no. 03 (September 1, 1992): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1992.36.3.268.
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Achievement of laminar boundary-layer flow over the keel of sailing yachts offers great potential for increased boat speed resulting from the reduction in viscous drag. The intensity and the spectral energy distribution of small-scale turbulence in the upper layer of the ocean can have a large effect on the extent of laminar flow and, hence, the drag reduction. A detailed summary and interpretation is provided of measured turbulent intensities and length scales in the upper ocean. An analysis is given of the effect of small-scale turbulence on boundary-layer transition and profile drag for two laminar-flow foils at zero and moderate leeway angles. Using the modified en-transition criterion it is shown that the level of small-scale oceanic turbulence is an important parameter in the design of a laminar-flow foil. At high turbulence levels, the foil with a more forward location of the minimum-pressure point generates less drag than the foil with a more aft location of the minimum-pressure point at the same flow conditions.
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Alsukkar, Muna, Mingke Hu, Mohamed Gadi, and Yuehong Su. "A Study on Daylighting Performance of Split Louver with Simplified Parametric Control." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050594.
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A split louver consists of two sections with their slat angles to be adjusted separately for glare protection and redirection of sunlight, respectively. The upper section works in conjunction with the lower section to enhance daylight availability and uniformity throughout the year. The study aims to improve the daylighting performance of the split louver by applying a simplified parametric control, which predetermines the angle difference between adjacent slats in the upper section for a chosen solar altitude and then keeps this difference fixed during operation. The slats in the upper section can be changed parametrically using the Grasshopper to reflect daylight onto the ceiling and then illuminate the rear zone of a space. The lower section of the split louver can control the daylight in the front space area and may affect the amount of light in the back. The performance indicator in evaluating the proposed split louver design for the chosen typical days is the percentage coverage of the work plane area for the illuminance range of 150~750 lux, which was achieved up to 100% in some cases. The proposed split louver with the simplified parametric control has the potential to provide relatively consistent and distributed daylight coverage of the floor area and a glare-free environment.
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Yeh, Yu Chun, Yaw Shyan Tsay, and Che Ming Chiang. "Study on the Performance and Application of Interior Moisture Buffering Materials for the Typical Housing in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3723.
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The humidity issue is one of the essential factors regarding the indoor environment quality. Researchers attempt to control the moisture in different methods, and the quantity of the researches keeps rising, which indicates the importance of the moisture buffering effect. The moisture buffering effect is a kind of passive design method, which is considered as more sustainable, compared to mechanical and chemical solutions. Taiwan locates in subtropics. However, the local researches concerning the moisture buffering effect in Taiwan are relatively fewer than those countries, which have lower temperature and humidity climate conditions than Taiwan. In addition, the general dehumidifying methods used in Taiwan are more concentrated in mechanical or chemical dehumidifying solutions. Moreover, typical town house in Taiwan usually represents as a north-south or east-west long axis living system without opening at the opposite axis, which leads the closed spaces with less openings for ventilations in the typical Taiwan town house, and those closed spaces are the main areas where the moisture accumulates. Therefore, this study follows the JIS A1470-1:2008 standard testing the MBV(Moisture Buffering Value) of 4 plate building and interior materials (Paulownia wood, Plywood, Pinewood, and Moisture Buffering Tile) and 3 Granular building and interior materials (Bamboo Charcoal, Activated Charcoal, and Silica Gel), and proposed design strategies along with moisture buffering materials (Double Wall System and Raised Floor System for existing building, and Counter-Beam System and Vertical Ventilation Duct for new construction) to provide local examples or references to Architects and interior designers in Taiwan.
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Li, Bingyi, Xiao Cheng, Yanbo Fan, Bin Qian, and Yonghui Chen. "Settlement mechanism and improvement of thick silty sand layer overlying mud foundation." Geotechnical Research 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgere.21.00010.
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Many highways have been built on the eastern coast of China in the past decades. Recently, some engineering problems have emerged after long-term operation. Due to the different properties between the underlying soil and bridge pile foundations, the problem of bumping at the bridge head is inevitable. To study the potential causes and provide insight for future improvement, the settlement of typical highways in the Hangzhou Bay area, which had been open to traffic for more than 10 years, was investigated. After an analytical calculation with the verification of the numerical method and field data, it was indicated that long-term deformation was mainly caused by the poor properties of the lower of the two layers that make up the underlying soil. The trend of the variation of the lower layer keeps increasing at a slow rate during the construction period, resulting in sustained and rapid changes during the following years. Different kinds of ground improvement such as lightweight materials and soil–cement columns generated by deep mixing or jet grouting methods are discussed. The improvement of the lower layer will be more effective. With the analytical method, it is convenient and efficient to calculate and analyse the settlement at different periods, which is significant for design.
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Herr, Christiane M. "Design Is Construction, Construction Is Design." She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation 5, no. 4 (2019): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.11.007.
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Hu, An Feng, Hang Rao, and Jing Yuan. "Deformation and Internal Force Analysis of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation with Outrigger-Type Diaphragm Wall." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1983.
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As a new technique of excavation support structures, outrigger-type diaphragm wall has got an application in deep pit engineering, though the design of its parameters still lacks theoretical guidance. Based on a large-scale deep pit case, a 3-D finite element model is presented to simulate the behavior of outrigger-type diaphragm wall using the software ABAQUS. The soil is assumed to behave as a modified Cam-clay model. The effect of the outrigger length on deformation and internal force of the supporting structure is studied. It is found that the basal heave ,the ground settlement and the horizontal displacements of the retaining wall will increase with the increase of the outrigger length, when the bottom elevation of the supporting structure keeps unchanged. When the outrigger length goes beyond a certain length, the rate of increasing becomes larger. In the outrigger-type diaphragm wall, the vertical stress of inside and outside wall approaches the maximum in the vicinity of the variable cross-section. At the same time, the variable cross-section produces a shear stress mutation because of the abrupt change of stiffness. There exists a reasonable length of the outrigger, which could meet not only the technical requirements of the supporting structure, but also the needs of saving the cost and reducing the difficulty during the construction.
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Binns, Jonathan R., Oscar Palos, Paul Brandner, and Giles Thomas. "Dynamic Knockdown of Canting Keel Yachts in Breaking Waves." Marine Technology and SNAME News 46, no. 02 (April 1, 2009): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mtsn.2009.46.2.99.
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Yacht canting keel configurations have been developed to maximize the available righting moment by rotating their keel bulb to windward. Regulatory authorities have been required to establish rules covering the design and operation of such systems; however, significant dynamic investigations into their behavior have not been performed. This paper presents results from a theoretical and experimental investigation into the dynamic stability of canting keel sailing yachts when experiencing a knockdown by large breaking waves. Towing tank experiments were conducted on a yacht model with a fixed keel and two canted keel configurations, beam-on to large solitary breaking waves. The motion of the model during the tests was recorded by four video cameras and analyzed using photogrammetry. A comparison of the hydrostatic predictions and experimental results indicate that the traditional GZ approach of assessing the energy required to heel may not be appropriate for yachts with canting keels. In addition, a correlation of the experimental results with the ISO stability index highlights that this index may be unsuitable for categorizing yachts with canting keels with respect to their ability to recover after a knockdown event.
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Sellars, Frank H., and John P. Martin. "Selection and Evaluation of Ship Roll Stabilization Systems." Marine Technology and SNAME News 29, no. 02 (April 1, 1992): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1992.29.2.84.
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This paper describes procedures for the selection and evaluation of ship roll stabilization systems. Stabilization systems considered include passive tanks, bilge keels, activated fins, and rudder roll stabilization with combined active and passive systems included. The paper is intended to assist vessel designers and operators in deciding if roll stabilization is cost effective and which system provides the maximum benefit. It reviews the establishment of stabilizer design criteria and procedures for stabilization system selection, including cost/benefit analyses of specific cases.
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Iglesias Baniela, Santiago. "Roll Motion of a Ship and the Roll Stabilising Effect of Bilge Keels." Journal of Navigation 61, no. 4 (October 2008): 667–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463308004931.
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The roll motion of a ship on waves is one of the six degrees of freedom and is the most difficult to predict since it deals with a motion similar to a spring-mass damper system, poorly damped by ship generated waves, in addition to the action of waves from the high seas. This problem increased from the second half of the 19th century when sailing propulsion was replaced by steam machines and iron replaced wood, which led to design modifications in ships affecting transversal stability, with the result of an increment in the ship's roll motion. As a consequence, it has been necessary to develop different systems which, on the one hand, increase the natural period of this motion in order to decrease its amplitude and reduce the risks that the wave encounter frequency would resonate with the natural frequency of the ship's motion; and on the other hand, to generate a damping effect to this motion. Bilge keels, passive stabilisers with no moving parts, form the simplest and cheapest element that may be incorporated on a ship to reduce this motion. This paper studies roll motion in general and then analyses bilge keels from different points of view.
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Youssef, Khaled S., Dean T. Mook, Ali H. Nayfeh, and Saad A. Ragab. "Roll Stabilization by Passive Anti-Roll Tanks Using an Improved Model of the Tank-Liquid Motion." Journal of Vibration and Control 9, no. 7 (July 2003): 839–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546303009007006.
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Roll motion is an undesirable feature of the behavior of a ship in rough seas, and so it is natural to consider ways of reducing it. The most common devices for increasing roll damping are bilge keels. However, the effectiveness of keels is limited, and anti-roll tanks and fins are used when more control is required. Moreover, unlike keels, anti-roll tanks can be used when the ship is not underway. Our objective is to develop design procedures for passive tanks for roll reduction in rough seas. To this end, we develop an improved model of the passive tank-liquid motion in this paper. This tank consists of U-shaped tubes placed side by side along the length of the ship. The equations of six-degrees-of-motion (6DOF) that govern the tank-liquid are coupled with those that govern the 6DOF motion of the ship, and all of the equations are integrated simultaneously in the time domain using the Large Amplitude Motion Program (“LAMP”). LAMP is a three-dimensional time-domain simulation of the motion of ships in waves. The unstabilized and stabilized roll motions of a S60-70 ship with forward speed and beam waves have been analyzed. For high-amplitude waves, the variation of the roll angle with the encounter-wave frequency exhibits typical nonlinear phenomena: a shift in the resonance frequency, multi-valued responses, and jumps. The performance of passive tanks on a S60-70 ship with forward speed is investigated in an irregular sea with different encounter-wave directions. It is found that passive anti-roll tanks tuned in the nonlinear range are very effective in reducing the roll motion. The effect of the tank mass and distribution of tank tubes on the performance of the tank system is studied. Also, it is found that passive anti-roll tanks are very effective in reducing the roll motion in sea state five of a ship whose pitch frequency is nearly twice its roll frequency.
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Groneck, D., and D. Harmon. "Design Development of Unitized Titanium Structure." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 1 (December 27, 2002): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1494099.
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Traditional airframe primary structure is fabricated from wrought product forms that are transformed by machining, forming, and joining into structural components. These individual parts are assembled together by fasteners to create the airframe. Significant cost and cycle-time savings can be achieved by switching from multipiece builtup assembly to a single-piece net shape casting. The reduction in number of discrete parts provides a significant reduction in both direct and indirect costs. In particular, the inherent low material costs and excellent producibility characteristics of cast metallic parts may provide a significant contribution to the goal to reduce acquisition costs. Under the program reported herein, and in conjunction with a casting vendor, prototype titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) cast airframe components were designed and fabricated. The typical overall dimensions of each casting are 50inches×40inches×30inches, and weigh approximately 190 pounds per casting. The castings were modeled on generic aircraft fuselage structure, that incorporated smooth inner moldline surface and integral webs and keels, capped by a T-element, web stiffeners, access holes, and other detail features. Multiple castings are joined to create the airframe structure. A rapid prototyping method was utilized to create the pattern, which eliminated the requirement for expensive metal tooling. The prototype castings successfully demonstrated the producibility of this generic airframe structure.
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Baig, Mirza Jabbar Aziz, M. Tariq Iqbal, Mohsin Jamil, and Jahangir Khan. "A Low-Cost, Open-Source Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading System for a Remote Community Using the Internet-of-Things, Blockchain, and Hypertext Transfer Protocol." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 4862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134862.
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A low-cost, open-source peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading system for a remote community is presented in this paper. As a result of its geographic location, this community has never been able to access electricity and other modern amenities. This study aims to design and implement a P2P energy trading system for this remote community that allows residents to take advantage of distributed energy resources. A Raspberry Pi 4 Model B (Pi4B) hosts the main server of the trading system that includes the user interface and a local Ethereum blockchain server. The Ethereum blockchain is used to deploy smart contracts. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) servers run on ESP32 microcontrollers. Sensors and actuators connected to the ESP32 are field instrumentation devices that facilitate acquiring, monitoring, and transferring energy data in real-time. To perform trading activities, React.JS open-source library was used to develop the blockchain-enabled user interface. An immutable blockchain network keeps track of all transactions. The proposed system runs on a local Wi-Fi network with restricted authorization for system security. Other security measures such as login credentials, private key, firewall, and secret recovery phrases are also considered for information security and data integrity. A Hypertext Transfer Protocol is implemented for communication between the servers and the client. This explains the overall system design, implementation, testing, and results.
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Rusmilyansari, Rusmilyansari, Iriansyah Iriansyah, and Siti Aminah. "PEMBANGUNAN KAPAL PERIKANAN DI GALANGAN KAPAL TRADISIONAL KALIMANTAN SELATAN." Fish Scientiae 4, no. 8 (June 16, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/fs.v4i8.1122.
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Kapal perikanan merupakan salah satu unsur dalam menentukan keberhasilan operasi penangkapan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ; (1) tingkat teknologi; (2) jenis kayu yang digunakan dan (3) tahapan pembangunan kapal kayu di galangan kapal tradisional. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Survey. Penelitian dilakukan galangan kapal rakyat Sewangi Kabupaten Barito Kuala dan desa Pagaruyung Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2013. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Tingkat teknologi yang digunakan pada pembangunan kapal masih relatif rendah, peralatan yang digunakan masih menggunakan peralatan non elektronik yaitu kapak, gergaji, pahat, pasak, palu, golok, bacci, alat ukur dan ketam. Hanya pengerjaan bor yang menggunakan listrik. Tingkat keknologi dalam pembangunan kapal kayu belum dilengkapi oleh perhitungan arsitektur perkapalan serta gambar desain dan konstruksi kapal; (2) Jenis kayu yang digunakan adalah kayu ulin, kayu Alaban, Bengkirai, Bungur dan Meranti yang memiliki tingkat kekuatan yang tinggi dan tahan terhadap serangan organisme laut; (3) Tahapan pembangunan kapal tradisional untuk kapal besar dimulai dengan pembuatan lunas, perakitan lunas dengan balok dek dan transom. Sedangkan untuk kapal kecil dimulai dengan pembuatan bibit kapal dari sebatang pohon. Tahap selanjutnya baik untuk kapal besar maupun kapal kecil adalah pemasangan linggi haluan dan buritan, pemasangan kulit kapal hingga setengah tinggi kapal, Pemasangan gading-gading kiri dan kanan, pemasangan galar, pemasangan kulit kapal seluruhnya sampai sheer, pemasangan sheer, pemasangan lantai dek, pemakalan, pembuatan anjungan untuk kapal besar dan terakhir adalah pengecatan.Fishing vessel is one element in determining the success of fishing operations. This study aims to determine; (1) the level of technology; (2) the type of wood used, and (3) the stage of development of timber ships in the traditional shipyard. The study was conducted by Survey. Research conducted shipyard Sewangi Barito Kuala district and village Pagaruyung Tanah Bumbu Regency South Kalimantan. The study was conducted in August through October 2013. Results showed that: ( 1 ) The level of technology used in the construction of the ship is still relatively low , the equipment used is still using non- electronic equipment ie axes, saws, chisels, pegs, hammer, machetes, bacci, measuring instruments, planers. Only the use of an electric drill workmanship. The level of technology in the construction of timber ships has not been completed by the calculation of shipping architecture and ship design and construction drawings ; ( 2 ) type of wood used is Ulin wood, Alaban, Bengkirai, Bungur and Meranti which have a high degree of strength and resistant to attack by marine organisms; ( 3 ) Stages of development of traditional boats to large ships began with the manufacture of the hull, keel assembly to the deck and transom beam. As for the small boat begins with the manufacture of the vessel tree seedlings. The next stage is good for big ships and small ships are mounting Linggi bow and stern, leather installation vessel up to half the height of the ship, Installation joist left and right, galar installation, installation of ship skin entirely to sheer, sheer installation, flooring installation deck, pemakalan , rig manufacturing of large vessels and final are painting.
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Xu, Jing. "Design of SAAS Model-Based System of Exhibition Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2495.
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Aiming at existing exhibitions, informationized management system can only meet the requirement of monomer exhibition management, but which cannot meet the needs of management chain and integration of resources of a large number of exhibitions together. For the traditional B2B e-commerce only provides a platform of exchanging information and communication for the supplier and requisitioning party, we design a SAAS-based management platform to build management of all the management works of an amount of actual exhibitions, as well as the use of rich media technology for Webcast and interactive of activities of the exhibition, and reduction of management costs in all of the procedures, which builds virtual year-round exhibitions online, based on the exhibition system and huge B2B resources to realize the target of constructing a B2B e-commerce platform which keeps a complementary and coexistence of online-operating and virtual year-round exhibitions, and more operational efficiency as well.
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YAMAMOTO, Hikaru, Takayuki SHIMODAIRA, and Takeshi TAKAHASHI. "Construction Equipment, Crane (Design)." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 81, no. 2 (2012): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.81.112.
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CRIGHTON, G. S., A. R. BIGGART, and E. H. NORIE. "TUNNEL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 92, no. 5 (December 1992): 18–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/icien.1992.21680.
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Elaine, McColl. "Questionnaire design and construction." Nurse Researcher 1, no. 2 (January 1994): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr.1.2.16.s3.
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Mccoll, Elaine. "Questionnaire design and construction." Nurse Researcher 1, no. 2 (January 1994): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr1994.01.1.2.16.c6288.
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Waltham, Chris. "Harp design and construction." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 (April 2005): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4777279.
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