Academic literature on the topic 'Kd3412'

The aim of this paper is to reveal connections between Upper Pleistocene soil types and the vegetation, which existed during their formation. Palaeovegetation was reconstructed on the basis of pollen analysis, whereas morphological description of palaeosols and the data from their laboratory study (grain-size and bulk chemical analyses, contents of Corg., CaCO3 and dry salts) were used to reconstruct palaeopedological processes. The Kryva Luka sedimentary sequence was accumulated in a deep palaeogully (the incision of which occurred in early Kaydaky times), where, as a result of high sedimentation rates, welldeveloped Upper Pleistocene pedocomplexes formed, on one hand, and very good preservation of pollen was thus guaranteed. Several phases of soil development occurred in Kaydaky, Pryluky and Vytachiv times (the Ukrainian Quaternary framework), all represented in the section by individual palaeosols, separated by loess-like beds, or by erosional surfaces. The data collected demonstrates a cyclic pattern of short-period palaeoenvironmental changes during the Late Pleistocene. The last interglacial is related by paleopedological and pollen data to the Kaydaky unit. The pre-temperate stage of the interglacial is revealed in the gully deposits of subunit ‘kd1a’. The early-temperate stage corresponds to the Luvisol of subunit ‘kd1b’, which was formed under broad-leaved woods dominated by oak. The late-temperate stage is recorded in the Greyzemic Phaeozem of the soil ‘kd3b1’ (by the appearance of hornbeam) and the Mollisol ‘kd3b2’. The post-temperate stage of the interglacial and the transition to the early glacial occurred during formation of the uppermost bed of thelatter and the incipient soil ‘kd3c’. (pedosediments were also accumulated at this time). Both vegetational composition and the soil types reflect a warmer and wetter climate for the temperate part of the last interglacial, as compared to that existing in modern times. The soils of different phases of Pryluky and Vytachiv times were formed during interstadials, with cooler climates than at present. As recorded both in soil types and pollen assemblages, the climates during the early interstadials of Pryluky and Vytachiv times were wetter than now (particularly during the ‘pl1b1’ phase), but during their late interstadials, the climate was drier than the modern one (particularly during the phase ‘pl3b2’). On the basis of TL-dating obtained in sections in western Donetsk area and Central Ukraine, Pryluky times correspond to interstadials and stadials of the early glacial, whereas Vytachiv unit may be related to the middle pleniglacial. Types of cryostructures, connected with loess-like deposits of the stadials, indicate that the studied area in those times was under a severe continental climate, with deep seasonal freezing of the grounds. Nevertheless, the absence of ice pseudomorphs and of pollen of arctoalpine plants indicates that permafrost was not present. Changes in palaeopedogenic processes (as well as in types of sedimentation) mainly paralleled changes observed in the palaeovegetation. The extent of wooded areas, the role of broad-leaved trees in the forest composition, and the spread of xeric herbal associations had particularly notable effects on the development of pedogenic processes.

Abstract The CT26 model is one of the most widely tested systems for cancer immunotherapy. Over 70% of the CD8+ CTL responses in CT26 tumors are directed against two peptides: SPSYVYHQF (AH1) presented by H-2Ld, or GGPESFYCASW (GSW11) presented by H-2Dd. Both peptides derive from the ecotropic murine leukaemia virus gp70 envelope glycoprotein, which is the highest expressed gene in CT26, and have relative low affinity values for their respective MHC-I. However, there is a lack of knowledge about other CTL specificities in CT26, the relationship between abundance and affinity of such peptides, and their roles in tumor rejection. We identified 96 potential epitopes restricted by MHC-I molecules in BALB/c mice based on previously published immuno-transcriptomic data. We used a mathematical algorithm integrating the peptides relative affinity to MHC-I measured by NetMHC4.0, and their abundance in the proteome, which resulted in a prediction of the likelihood of peptide presentation. Screening was performed in splenocytes from Treg-depleted CT26-challenged mice via IFNγ intracellular cytokine staining and T cell proliferation assays. Our approach led to the identification of a novel CTL specificity restricted by H-2Kd (Kd34), which shows moderate IFNγ responses in splenocytes from mice responding to the therapy. Moreover, using Kd34-specific dextramers, we were able to detect a small population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) specific for this peptide, with similar phenotypic traits to AH1- and GSW1-specific TILs. The identification of such novel CD8+ T cell specificities will improve the understanding about the relationship between immunodominance and epitope abundance/affinity to better tailor vaccine strategies in cancer.

On the basis of the study of 13 Quaternary loess-soil sections in the Volyn’ Upland, cryogenic horizons of different ranges have been recorded and positioned within the Quaternaty stratigrpahical framework of Ukraine. A short-period cyclicity in development of cryogenic processes has been revealed. Time units of formation of cryostuctures − ‘cryostages’ – have been ranged into four categories in correspondence with landscape-climate conditions of their formation and their relations with the units of paleogeogrpahic framework of Ukraine. The differences in cryostructures and cryodeformations for each category of cryostages are shown. A variety of cryostructures and their sizes became larger from the beginning to the end of the Pleistocene that reflects an increase in the climate harshness. Six cryogenic stages were revealed for Early Pleistocene: mr2, sl, lb1b1-b2, lb2, lb3b1-b2, tl. At these times, small ice wedges, ground wedges, solifluction and different types of postcryogenic textures were formed. The cryogenic processes during the Middle Pleistocene developed more intensely. Six Middle Pleistocene cryostages were established: zv2, zv3b1-b2, or, pt2, pt3b-c, dn. The complex of cryostructures of the majority of these stages include large ice wedges, different types of ground wedges, diverse solifluction forms, and tundra spots-medallions. The largest cryogenic structures and deformations are revealed for the cold time spans during the Late Pleistocene: ice wedges (reach up to 5 m in depth), tundra spots-medallions, sand wedges, solifluction and congelifluction forms, different types of ground wedges and postcryogenic textures. Sixteen Last Pleistocene cryostages are revealed: kd1a-b, kd1b1-b2, kd2, kd3b1-b2, ts, pl1a-b, pl1b1-b2, pl1b-c, pl2, pl3b1-b2, ud, vt1b1-b2, vt2, bg, pc1, pc3. The specific features and sizes of cryostructures and cryodeformation of each cold stage, substage and phase have been used as a base for reconstruction of their geocryological conditions.

The purpose of this article is to analyze a) the tradition of the terrestrial Madurese community, b) the planning of the development of the value of social care through the terrestrial tradition in learning social studies. 3) Implementation of the development of the value of social care through the tradition of tererer in learning social science.This type of research is a Mixed Method with exploratory type (form) in the form of ethnographic research and classroom action research. Retrieval of data using observations, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data is done by confirming the results of observations, interviews, documentation. Data credibility testing is done by extending observations, increasing persistence, triangulation of data, member checks, and references. Data analysis uses the interactive model of Miles Huberman.The results showed that 1) Ter -ater means sharing fortune with relatives, neighbors, teachers and people who are considered worthy of delivery. 2) Planning the development of social care values through the Terterer tradition in social studies learning is carried out with the KD analysis in accordance with the tererier tradition is KD3.2. and KD.3.3. 3) The implementation of the development of the value of social care through this terrestrial tradition is carried out by using two-cycle class action research. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that the first cycle was held four times. In cycle 1 it was found that the teacher had not been able to reach the activities of all students in the class and the learning activities were still very much dominated by the teacher. In the implementation of cycle 2 using the value approach and the learning approach to do this can increase the value of student care through the tererated tradition. The enthusiasm of students can be seen well when assigned to be involved in the activities of tererer in their environment, and students can focus their attention on the material presented

The central intention of this thesis is to analyse a body of Victorian legislation, which was enacted to control atmospheric pollution by the chemical industry. Its concern is predominately with enforcement, and the principal aim is to assess the role and effectiveness of the British State and its agencies in this respect. The major focus is a somewhat neglected body of legislation - the Alkali Acts of 1863-1906. These initiated the State regulation of noxious emissions from the early heavy chemical (alkali) industry, and set up a central government body, the Alkali Inspectorate, to this end. The major focus is the ability of Victorian institutions to formulate and implement environmental reforms, especially those which necessitated the increased control of industrial behaviour. It will explore the enforcement and decision making processes, assessing how priorities were set and whose interests were served. Furthermore, it examines the influence of economic, legislative, social, ideological and political factors upon inspection and prosecution. This study also assess whether the control of industrial atmospheric pollution was the consequence of a Victorian regulationist fervour or an example of utilitarian concern with environmental degradation. The main body of the thesis is constituted by chapters on biography, the fiscal context and enforcement. These themes are drawn together by an assessment of the extent and effect of various constraints upon the Alkali Inspectorate. Throughout, some vital comparisons and contrasts with the inspectorates of factories and mines are made, in order to gauge State support for the Alkali Inspectorate. This assessment of the effectiveness of the Alkali Inspectorate and the legislation which created it, facilitates broader insights into the relationship between the State and industry and the extent of State intervention in nineteenth-century Britain

In the previous paper, the optimum meridian profile of multi-stage impeller with guidevane was obtained by means of diffusion factor using twelve shape factors. The coefficient of peripheral absolute velocity at impeller inlet kCu1c means the effect of multi-stage impeller with guidevane. In this paper, the optimum meridian profile of multi-stage or single-stage impeller with rotative guidevane was obtained by means of fifteen shape factors. The fifteen shape factors mean impeller inlet relative flow angle β1, impeller turning angle Δβ, impeller axial velocity ratio kc12 = Cm2/Cm1, impeller diameter ratio kd12 = D1c/D2c, impeller outlet hub-tip ratio ν2, impeller tip solidity σt(imp), impeller mid span solidity σc(imp), impeller hub solidity σh(imp), guidevane tip solidity σt(gv), guidevane mid span solidity σc(gv), guidevane hub solidity σh(gv), guidevane axial velocity ratio kc34 = Cm4/Cm3, guidevane diameter ratio kd34 = D3c/D4c and rotational speed ratio Rn = ngv/nimp. The suitable rotational speed ratio means suitable rotational speed of guidevane. The axial velocity ratio and diameter ratio of guidevane means the optimum meridian profile of guidevane outlet. In the 15th dimensional optimum method, the hydraulic efficiency and suction specific speed are calculated by diffusion factor. This method is also used for the modification of multi-stage or single-stage present impellers and guidevanes.