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1
Turganbayev, Yerken. "Convergence across Kazakhstan regions." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/844.
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The issue of regional economic disparities is important for the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is going through a transition period from a planned socialist system to a market-based economy. This presents a large number of problems for a government seeking to balance development in order to avoid problems of inequality and political unrest and, at present, there is a shortage of the type of information that would be useful to formulate policy. The main aim of this thesis is to help make up some of this gap. It does so by examining various types of convergence process across the regions of Kazakhstan over the period of 1993-2009. Since different types of convergence reflect different aspects of the problem, we use a variety of concepts and empirical approaches in studying convergence across Kazakhstan's regions. First, we approach convergence directly by studying the dynamics of standard deviation and coefficient of variation of per capita GRP level across Kazakhstan's regions, which is called -convergence. Next, we study absolute and conditional -convergence using cross-section and panel approaches. Afterwards, we study the club-convergence proposing an approach that consists of two stages: clustering of regions and testing convergence within clusters. In studying TFP convergence, we use panel unit root tests. In addition, we apply the method of sector decomposition to reveal economic sectors, which promote either convergence or divergence across the Kazakhstan regions. The results of this thesis show that, in general, regions of Kazakhstan diverged over the period of 1993-2009 in the sense of -convergence and absolute -convergence. However, they demonstrated convergence in other recognised forms of convergence (conditional -convergence, TFP-convergence, club-convergence) over various time spans within the 1993-2009 period. For the government this means that convergence in Kazakhstan is not per se a process that accompanies economic development and that a strong regional policy is needed. In order to reduce economic disparities and preserve high rates of economic growth this policy should be complicated, club-specific, and directed to the equalization of production structure of regions and targeting the sectors promoting convergence.
2
Fauve, Adrien. "La construction d'une capitale nationale en régime autoritaire : Astana au Kazakhstan." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0011.
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Quel est le rôle de la ville-capitale dans l’exercice du pouvoir pour un Etat-Nation récent, au régime autoritaire ? Réponse constructiviste : la capitale institue l’Etat qui à son tour élabore la nation. Au Kazakhstan, la construction de la capitale Astana apparaît comme l’édification d’un haut-lieu central, dont découle la fondation d’un pouvoir sultanique et la création d’une identité nationale astanisée. Le transfert de la capitale d’Almaty à Astana en 1997 est un fait inédit en ex-URSS. Or, l’Etat fonde son existence sur une organisation hiérarchisée entre centre et périphéries. Dès lors, la construction du centre, apparaît comme une variable fondamentale en macro-sociologie de l’Etat. Le cas d’Astana offre une validation empirique du principe selon lequel le territoire est une construction matérielle (il est aménagé) et symbolique (il est investi de sens). En effet, l’édification de la capitale sert d’abord de fondement indispensable à son affirmation comme centre sur le territoire national. Ensuite, à l’échelle de la ville même, la capitale est le lieu d’une mise en scène du pouvoir étatique et accueille les principaux référents identitaires. Enfin, à l’échelle des rapports entre individus, l’apparition des bâtiments dans l’espace urbain est le fruit de rapports de force entre acteurs. L’étude d’une capitale se révèle donc une façon pertinente d’approcher la construction nationale, le rôle du symbolique en politique, et les relations de pouvoir qui traversent un régime. Ainsi, la construction matérielle de la capitale Astana permet la construction symbolique du régime Nazarbaïev, qui produit une construction sociale, celle de la nation kazakhstanaiseWhat is the political significance of the capital city in a young authoritarian Nation-State? Taking a constructivist approach, I argue that the capital city establishes the State which then institutes the Nation. In Kazakhstan, the making of Astana is of the edification of a central place, crucial to a sutlanistic regime, which elaborates an astanised national identity. Moving the locus of power from Almaty to Astana in 1997 was a unique decision among post-soviet countries. As the comparative politics shows that centre formation and control of the periphery is fundamental for the maintaining of a social order, the Astana case validates the argument that territory is simultaneously a material and a symbolic construct (it is built and overloaded with meaning). Indeed, the building of a capital is a necessary step to its domination over national territory. At the urban space scale, the capital city is a place where State power is put on display and identity narratives are materialized. Moreover, by scrutinizing the micro-political interactions between decision makers, town planners and artists who implement the plans, the power relations that characterize the regime are illuminated. Hence, exploring the making of a capital city provides an opportunity the investigate nationalism studies, symbolic politics and the urban foundation of authoritarian rule
3
Abiyeva, Karlygash. "Fabrication de l'identité nationale et question linguistique dans l'espace post-soviétique : le cas du Kazakhstan." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0060.
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Ayant hérité à la période soviétique d’une population pluriethnique et de deux langues (le kazakh et le russe), le Kazakhstan doit redéfinir sa nouvelle identité nationale. La pluriethnicité conditionne la façon dont se construit sa politique nationale. Le débat linguistique ne concerne pas seulement la population russophone, mais aussi les Kazakhs, dont l’identité linguistique reste complexe en raison de leur attachement à la langue russe. Même si l’affirmation du kazakh soulève des enjeux ethniques et sociaux, la souveraineté du Kazakhstan nécessite aux yeux du pouvoir sa promotion en tant que langue d’État. La politique nationale, dénommée la « kazakhisation », est désormais à l’œuvre et se traduit essentiellement dans les institutions publiques, le service éducatif et les médias pour promouvoir l’usage de la langue kazakhe. Notre travail a pour ambition d’expliquer les applications de cette politique linguistique et d’analyser ou de prévoir les conséquences qu’elle engendre sur cette société pluriethnique. La reconfiguration du paysage linguistique au Kazakhstan est également conditionnée par les flux migratoires après l’indépendance en 1991 qui modifient progressivement la structure ethnique du pays. La société kazakhstanaise essaye de faire cohabiter sa culture traditionnelle, son héritage soviétique et sa nouvelle culture contemporaine. Mais la question de la construction de la nouvelle identité face à cette triple influence ne pourra que lentement trouver sa réponse. Cette thèse s’inscrit plus généralement dans la réflexion de la construction nationale dans l’espace post-soviétique par le biais de la langue tout en suivant l’exemple du KazakhstanHaving inherited from the Soviet period a multiethnic population and two languages (Kazakh and Russian), the Kazakhstan has to redefine its new national identity. The multiethnic character of its population determines the manner of the national building. The language issue is not just about the Russian-speaking population, but also about Kazakhs having a complex linguistic identity due to their attachment to the Russian language. Even the assertion of the Kazakh language raises ethnic and social issues, sovereignty of Kazakhstan, in the eyes of power, requires its promotion as a State language. The national policy, named the “kazakhization" is mainly implemented in the public institutions, the educational system and the mass media to promote the use of the Kazakh language. Our work aims to explain the application of this language policy and to analyze or predict the consequences for the multiethnic society. The change of the linguistic landscape in Kazakhstan is also conditioned by the dynamics of migration flows after the independence in 1991, gradually changing the ethnic structure of the country. The Kazakhstani society is trying to incorporate its traditional culture, its Soviet legacy and a new contemporary culture. But the question of the making of national identity faced this triple influence will slowly find its answer. More generally, this thesis is the reflection of nation building in the post-Soviet states through the language while following the example of Kazakhstan
4
Davenel, Yves-Marie. ""Sous le même toit" : affirmation culturelle et intégration citoyenne de la minorité Tatare dans le Kazakhstan contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0376.
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Fort de plus d'une centaine de nationalités, le Kazakhstan contemporain se présente comme un modèle de tolérance interethnique. Prônant le droit de chaque citoyen à faire revivre ses traditions culturelles nationales (ethniques), les autorités kazakhstanaises défendent l'idée d'une "ré-ethnification multiple" tout en accordant une place privilégiée à la nation titulaire et à la culture kazakhes. Parallèlement, le président de la république promeut l'idée d'une nation civique basée sur le patriotisme envers le nouvel état. L'étude des Tatars du Kazakhstan permet de jeter un éclairage sur les modalités d'intégration d'une minorité nationale particulière dans le jeune Etat multiethnique post-soviétique. L'implantation ancienne des Tatars (depuis le 18ème siècle) permet d'analyser les relations interethniques sur la "longue durée" et d'observer les stratégies d'intégration à l'oeuvre aujourd'hui. Elle permet également de comprendre les évolutions internes de ce groupe, notamment la définition de la frontière et des marqueurs ethniques. Elle montre les évolutions internes, notamment générationnelles, sur la perception de l'ethnicité ainsi que sur le devenir de la nation tatre au Kazakhstan. L'enquête menée auprès des associations tatares impliquées dans le renouveau culturel met en lumière les stratégies d'accès à l'espace public. Celles-ci visent à la fois la reconnaissance de la légitimité de la minorité tatre à résider au Kazakhstan et la reconnaissance des militants comme acteurs du maintien de la concorde interethnique. A travers l'exemple des Tatars, cette étude met en lumière les modalités de construction de la citoyenneté dans le cadre d'un Etat multiethnique post-soviétiqueMore than one hundred nationalities make up today's Kazakhstan, a source of pride for the Kazakhstani state, who wishes to be viewed by the international community as amodel for interethnic harmony. The Kazakhstani authorities promote cultural diversity and cultural revival, championing a "multiple re-ethnification" policy, while giving a privileged position to the Kazakh culture. In the menawhile, Kazakhstan's president promotes the idea of a civic nation based on the concept that each ethnic group will pledge allegiance to the new state. The Tatars of Kazakhstan case study highlights the patterns of integration taken by a specific national minority into a young post-soviet multi-ethnic state. The ancient settlement of Tatars gives us the possibility of analysing interethnic relation over a long period of time. Then, it casts a light on present-day strategies of integration. This specificity of the Tatars allows us to understand how ethnic frontier is drawn today. Hence, internal divisions can be analysed, especially between generations, on the perception of ethnicity and on what the future of Tatar nation in Kazakhstan must be. Fieldworks were conducted with Tatars associations striving for cultural revival. Enquiries point out which strategies are used to get access to the public space. Militants strive for the recognition of the right of the Tatars to live in Kazakhstan and the recognition of their own position as actors of interethnic concord. This research tackles the issues of the ways citizenship is being built in a multi-ethnic post-soviet state
5
Johnson, Caroline. "Podiform chromite at Voskhod, Kazakhstan." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/40714/.
Full textAbstract:
The Voskhod podiform chromitite is one of more than 30 chromitite deposits that collectively form the Main Ore Field (MOF) within the Kempirsai Massif, in Kazakhstan. The MOF is the largest podiform chromitite ore-field in the world. The Voskhod deposit, encased in a serpentinised dunite halo, is situated within harzburgite units that comprise the mantle sequence of the Kempirsai ophiolite. This study arose from a unique opportunity to work on drill core samples through an un-mined podiform chromite deposit and investigate its internal structure, composition and genesis. The 18Mt ore-body has a strike of 600 m, is 170 m to 360 m wide and has an average thickness of 39 m. It has an immediate dunite halo between 1 m and 5 m thick. The ore body is made up of multiple stacked chromitite layers. Mineralised layers are separated by barren dunite or by weakly disseminated dunite lenses ranging from <1 m to 50 m. The style of mineralization varies throughout the ore body; the central region is dominated by thick (>5 – 45 m) units of massive chromite (>80% chromite), with progression towards the south west disseminated chromite (10 – 40% chromite) becomes increasingly abundant. Drill core logging and cross-section profiling of the internal structure of the ore body has identified an intricately connected network of what appear to be chromite-filled channel-ways. Outside of the halo the host rocks are inter-layered harzburgite and dunite. Accessory chromite in harzburgite has an average Cr# of 0.31 compared to Cr# 0.49 in the dunite. The harzburgites are depleted, having formed from intermediate degrees of partial melting (~15 – 18 %) of a fertile mantle source at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) setting. The dunite units have transitional geochemical fingerprints that imply they formed from the interaction of MOR mantle harzburgite with both mid ocean ridge baslt-melt and an arc derived-melt. They are not the products of extremely high degrees of partial melting. The encasing dunite halo is extensively serpentinised (>80%). Chromite is only present as an accessory phase having an average Cr# of 0.62. The dunite has a geochemical signature indicating that it formed by reaction between residual harzburgite and a boninite melt in supra-subduction zone (SSZ) tectonic setting. A variety of geochemical fingerprints have been identified; residual MOR harzburgite, reacted-MOR dunite, reacted-SSZ dunite and harzburgite, indicating that the mantle section has had a ii polygenetic tectonic evolution, recording both ocean basin opening (MOR setting) and closing (SSZ setting) events. Trace element and REE whole rock geochemistry of the chromitites and associated host rocks provide evidence of depletion and a later-stage LREE-enrichment event. LREE-enrichment is most intense within and immediately adjacent to the chromitite. Chromites from the ore zone are at the Cr-rich extreme for podiform chromites (Cr# ave. 0.80-0.85) and are TiO2 poor (ave. 0.16 wt%), similar to chromite in boninite worldwide and nearby. Al/Ti ratios have been used to calculate the composition of the parent melts from which the Voskhod podiform chromitite crystallised: compositions that are synonymous with a boninite melt composition. Chemical variation in chromite is systematic and on a much smaller scale than was anticipated. Even variations in a single thin section provide key evidence for different magmatic processes. An apparent melt-rock reaction in harzburgite has been examined in freeze-frame. The chromite chemistry has been investigated at 50 cm, 1 cm and 1 mm scales. Compositional differences were identified on the basis of MgO% and FeO(t)% compositions. Diagrams FeO-Fe2O3 and Cr# - Mg# were used to demonstrate the variations and identify relationships. Broad cryptic layering on a 50 cm scale has been found as well as fine-cryptic layering on a 1 – 8 cm scale. The variations are interpreted to reflect differences in the mineral phases crystallised from the melt; periods when on chromite only crystallised are distinguished from periods when both chromite with olivine crystallised. It seems likely that the deposit is made up of thousands of episodes of chromite accumulation that formed in an intermittently replenished open-system. It also seems likely that the conduit was never a single melt-filled cavity; instead melt flow was focused through the mantle over an extended period. The conduit appears to be comprised of multiple branches, as chromite (± olivine) crystallised from the melt the channel-way became blocked and the melt was forced to deviate and make a new pathway through the mantle. As time elapsed the process resulted in the formation of stacked chromitite lenses, creating an orebody that has an internal arrangement of chromitite and dunite unites which resemble a stacked braided 'delta'.
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Alshinbayeva, K. "The current situation in Kazakhstan." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31042.
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Today the challenge of global climate change is one of the most urgent world problems, and it is important for all countries of the world community: for industrialized countries - because of the high level of energy use in all sectors of economy, and, consequently, of greenhouse gases emissions into the atmosphere; for countries with transitional economy that are, at first sight, not interested in activities on climate change prevention, but in reality they depend on them; for developing countries, which need to increase production volumes and which face the dilemma- whether they should participate in the global process of greenhouse gases reduction through establishment of their concentration control and introduction of effective technologies and less energy-consuming productions.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31042
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Tolymbek, Almaz Karim. "Political Leadership Style in Kazakhstan." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1185826303.
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Dinc, Deniz. "Nationality Policies In Post-soviet Kazakhstan." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612633/index.pdf.
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This thesis attempts to analyze the continuity of nationality policies of Kazakhstan between Soviet and post-Soviet periods. As for the Soviet past the Soviet template of nationality policies was deeply rooted in Kazakhstan. Considering the Soviet template of nationality policies, this study conceptualizes the structure of it as first among equals under Russian hegemony. With regard to post-Soviet period, this thesis claims that the nation building policies were not born out of its ashes contrary to the mainstream arguments. This study aims to reveal how the post-Soviet nation building in Kazakhstan is still proceeding along with the Soviet template. Evaluating nation building process of independent Kazakhstan, this study emphasizes the rising titular hegemony of Kazakhs. In other words, this study attempts to analyze the transformation of first among equals taking into account the ethnic and civic aspects of nation-building oscillations
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Alexyutin, Maxim. "Paleozoic Geography and Paleomagnetism of Kazakhstan." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-48758.
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Kulsharova, Nazym. "Securitization of Chinese migration in Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29502.
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Kazakhstan experienced large population in- and outmigration during the first decade after independence. In particular, increased Chinese migration and presence in the country proved to be a focal point for debate for the Kazakhstani public, a fact reflected by the obsessive coverage in the local media. The theory of securitization of security threats is employed to examine the effects of Chinese presence in Kazakhstan and to dissect the varying perceptions of this phenomenon on the state and societal levels. Therefore, the media’s pioneering of the securitization of Chinese migration and the government’s response to it is analyzed in this paper. This paper concludes that though Chinese migration to Kazakhstan constitutes no real security threat to Kazakhstan, however Chinese presence and Chinese migration in Kazakhstan need further research.
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Munday, Emma Rachel. "Language and identification in contemporary Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6200.
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In the years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union Central Asia has experienced wide-reaching and ongoing social change. The structures and values of all social strata have been questioned and re-evaluated in a continuing exploration of what it means to be part of the post-Soviet space. Within this space, identity formation and reformation has been a pre-eminent process for individuals, for groups of all kinds and for the newly emerging states and their leaders. Through the analysis of individual interviews and selected newspaper extracts and government policy documents this study explores the ways in which ethnic and state identities are being negotiated in Kazakhstan. Using the social identity theory framework it investigates the value and content of these identities by examining the state ideologies of language and the policies which are their expression as well as the discourses of language and identity engaged in by individuals and in the media. There is an exploration of common and conflicting themes referred to as aspects of these identities, of outgroups deemed relevant for comparison and of the roles of Kazakh and Russian in particular, alongside other languages, in relation to these identities. The study focuses on the availability to an individual of multiple possible identities of differing levels of inclusiveness. The saliency of a particular identity is demonstrated to vary according both to context and to the beliefs and goals of the individual concerned. The importance of discourse to processes of identity formation and maintenance is also described and the interaction between discourse and social context is highlighted. The ongoing construction of a Kazakhstani identity is described and the importance of group norms of hospitality, inclusiveness and interethnic accord observed. The sense of learning from other cultures and of mutual enrichment is also demonstrated. However, these themes exist in tension with those of Kazakhstan as belonging primarily to Kazakhs and of cultural oppression and loss. The multi-dimensional nature of ethnic identity is highlighted as is the difficulty, experienced by some, in maintaining a positive sense of ethnic group identity. Perceptions of the importance of language in the construction of ethnic and state identity are explored as are the tensions created by the ideological and instrumental values adhering to different languages in use in Kazakhstan.
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Robinson, Sarah. "Pastoralism and land degradation in Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3683/.
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This thesis looks at the major factors, both environmental and institutional, which haye affected pastoralism in Kazakhstan throughout this century, concentrating in particular on the changes which have occurred since the end of the socialist period. The recent reforms were found to be highly negative for the livestock sector, leading to a crash in livestock numbers, high levels of poverty and the abandonment of many pasture areas. Winter fodder as a limit to livestock production has gained importance as it is no longer provided free by the state. There have been many reports of overstocking and land degradation in Kazakhstan. The literature on this was reviewed, and stocking rates in the Soviet periods compared with forage availability in different vegetation zones. From this, the regions of the study area which were probably most seriously affected by grazing regimes were identified. It was found that land degradation did not have negative effects on meat production at regional scales in the Soviet period. Since 1994 Kazakhstan's rangelands have undergone a transition from being highly stocked to being virtually empty of livestock. The potential for monitoring vegetation recovery using both biomass data and NDVI from the AVHRR satellite was investigated. Relationships with rainfall were explored for both datasets in order to determine the relative importance of climatic and human influences on forage availability. The NDVI data was found to have poor relationships with rainfall due both to its low sensitivity to the biomass changes involved, and the low rainfall variability. Better relationships between net primary production and rainfall were found using the biomass data. A severe drought occurring just after the stock crash was detected by the NDVI, but confounded any detection of vegetation recovery.
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Artykbayeva, Madina. "Kazakhstan: a qualitative study on innovation." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/19096.
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Mestrado em GestãoO Cazaquistão é um país em mudança, mas que precisa de ainda mais mudança para continuar a crescer e a melhorar o nível de vida dos seus cidadãos. A competitividade das empresas depende da inovação e do empreendedorismo na sociedade. A dependência dos recursos naturais não deve durar sempre, em especial se é para se reter os mais jovens, educados nas melhores universidades mundiais, com investimento do governo, que irão querer pôr as suas ideias e formação em prática, montando empresas e ingressando no mercado de trabalho, que deverá reconhecer e dar oportunidades de desenvolvimento. O “brain drain” foi focado na literatura e é um risco que as sociedades atuais incorrem, inclusive o Cazaquistão e Portugal (onde a dissertação será submetida), caso não se criem condições internas favoráveis. Este estudo de cariz qualitativo contou com a participação de cidadãos do Cazaquistão e de “ex-pats” presentes e com experiência de trabalho no Cazaquistão, tendo assim enriquecido a discussão. Organizado em torno de dois artigos, nesta dissertação propõe-se um modelo e discutem-se formas de tornar o Cazaquistão mais inovador. O crescente interesse no país inclusive pelos media torna este trabalho oportuno, mas que não deixa de ser exploratório, sendo necessário mais trabalho e em maior escala para se poderem tirar mais conclusões acerca do melhor caminho a seguir por esta nação jovem e em crescimento.
Kazakhstan is a changing country, but which needs to change even more to continue growing and to improve further the quality of life of its citizens. The competitiveness of firms depends on innovation and entrepreneurship in society. The dependence on natural resources should not last forever, in particular if the younger generation is to be retained, who have been educated in the best universities worldwide, with government investment, and who will want to put their ideas in practice, setting up firms and becoming a part of the workforce, in which they will expect opportunities for development. The “brain drain” has been focused upon in the literature, and is a risk which involves current societies, including Kazakhstan and Portugal (where the dissertation is being submitted), if they are not able to create favourable domestic conditions. This qualitative study counted on the participation of Kazakhstani citizens as well as of ex-pats with living and work experience in Kazakhstan, who enriched the discussion. Organized around two articles, this dissertation proposed a model and discusses ways to make Kazakhstan more innovative. The growing interest in the country, including by the media, makes this work opportune in what still remains an exploratory effort. More research is necessary and in greater scale so that more conclusions may be arrived at concerning the way forward for this young and growing country.
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Castelli, Hilaire. "Puissance et impuissance du Kazakhstan post colonial : fondements et héritage de la domination russe." Paris, INALCO, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAL0017.
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Depuis bientôt dix ans, le Kazakhstan est un Etat indépendant issu de l'ancienne URSS. Comment ce pays se dégage-t-il de son long passé de domination russe puis soviétique ? Le phénomène de domination est un phénomène complexe qui demande que les différentes causes soient désignées. Certaines d'entre elles résident dans la géographie et l'histoire des deux protagonistes. Parmi les facteurs sui ont permis la pénétration russe des steppes, on note la présence d'un Etat constitué et des moyens techniques empruntés à l'Europe. A contrario, le caractère nomade des Kazakhs et leur manque de structure étatique en font un milieu où les Ruses s'imposent relativement facilement. Après la phase de pénétration et de conquête des steppes, la domination coloniale russe va prendre appui sur le levier culturel et induire ainsi des positions et des représentations hiérarchisées, au sein de la société kazakhe. Le travail entrepris a pour ambition de montrer les facteurs directs ou indirects qui ont engendré une domination multiforme de la Russie sur le Kazakhstan et comment cet état de fait se prolonge au delà de l'indépendance. Il semble bien que la conjonction des éléments de domination et de dépendance, mêmes s'ils ne sont pas exclusivement rattachés à la Russie, mène le pays vers le sous-développement.
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Ayazbekov, Anuar. "Independent Kazakhstan and the 'black box' of decision-making : understanding Kazakhstan's foreign policy in the early independence period (1991-4)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4895.
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This thesis presents a foreign policy decision-making analysis of Kazakhstan's foreign relations in the initial post-independence period. The study applies a neoclassical realist theoretical framework in order to provide the understanding of Kazakhstan's external behaviour. The thesis conceptually assumes that the integration of the presidential decision-making element in the analysis of the republic's foreign policy is essential to account for Kazakhstan's foreign strategies, which would otherwise appear to be anomalous from the deterministic perspective of the structural theories of international relations. The set objective of the work is to produce a theoretically informed historical narratives of Almaty's policymaking during three episodes in the republic's diplomatic history – the elaboration of a distinct balancing strategy; the relinquishment of the nuclear arsenal; and the Nagorno-Karabakh peace mission. The reconstruction of events behind the decisions made by president Nursultan Nazarbayev and his key advisors through the assessment of primary materials sourced from the archives of Kazakhstani foreign policy demonstrates that foreign decision-making process played a crucial role in the identification of national interests and development of appropriate policy responses in each of the episodes under examination. Chapter IV illustrates how the nation's policymakers developed a unique balancing strategy to ascertain the country's sovereignty and eliminate security risks under overwhelming geopolitical pressures that emanated from Russia and China. Chapter V discusses the episode when Nazarbayev was subjected to direct international pressure to surrender the inherited Soviet nuclear arsenal on the terms imposed by the USA, in response to which Nazarbayev devised a deliberately ambivalent and protracted strategy in regard to the republic's nuclear status. Chapter VI reveals the adaptability of the republic's policymaking to the changing international context as the regression of the Nagorno-Karabakh peace initiative demonstrates. The exposition of intricate policy planning and profound diplomatic endeavours reflected in archival documents reinforces the thesis's premise about the non-deterministic nature of Kazakhstan's foreign policy.
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Madden, Lewis D. "Kazakhstan, strategic problems of an emerging republic." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA272371.
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Kahveci, Hayriye. "The Political Economy Of Oil In Kazakhstan." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608567/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the political economy of oil in the post-Soviet Kazakhstan. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan, which is one of the newly independent states of
the former Soviet geography, became very popular in the international arena with its hydrocarbon riches. There have been discussions in the scholarly and international political
agendas that the country will suffer from the so called &ldquocurse&rdquo
that is associated with the producing states. This dissertation looks at the political, economic and social dynamics associated with the post-Soviet environment in Kazakhstan and the impact of oil revenues on each one of those domains. It discusses Kazakhstan&rsquo
s political economy by engaging three relevant literatures on the issue. To this end first it is argued that the rentier state model which has been developed based on the experiences of other oil producing states is useful to understand the political economy of post-Soviet Kazakhstan, however it fails to explain its dynamics fully. Therefore, the dissertation engages with post-Soviet transformation as well as critical geopolitics literatures to overcome some of the gaps in the rentier state model. It has been argued that while analyzing the political economy of oil in Kazakhstan it is possible to identify three major trends with regard to the impact of oil revenues on the post-Soviet environment. The first one of those post Soviet trends is the consolidation of pre-existing institutions and structures. Second one is the restructuring of pre-existing institutions and third one is the creation of new institutions that was not present during the Soviet environment.
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Guney, Isil. "Language Planning Policies In Post-soviet Kazakhstan." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609148/index.pdf.
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The aim of thesis is to analyze the relationship between language planning policies and nation building process in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. The language planning policies in Kazakhstan aim to raise the status and role of Kazakh language in political and social contexts (status planning), develop Kazakh language as the medium of administration, education, media and science (corpus planning), and spread the use of Kazakh language (acquisition planning). However, given the demographic conditions, heterogeneous and multilingual ethnic composition of Kazakhstan, the desired progress has not been achieved. The main argument of the thesis is that so long as Kazakhstan cannot develop comprehensive, well-integrated language planning policies with suitable short-, medium- and long-term targets it cannot be expected to have success in their desire to make Kazakh the state language. The reason lies in the fact that Kazakhstan consist of a sizeable Russian minority and an ethnic nation building process takes place in the country. Thus, the existing language planning policies cannot respond to the needs of the society. The thesis examines factors and reasons affecting this process. To this end, the thesis shall cover an analysis language policies and nation building policies within a historical context.
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Cline, Francis Joseph III. "Kazakhstan : a future regional and nuclear power." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2391.
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It is the key assertion of this thesis that Kazakhstan is determined to keep its Soviet-era nuclear capacity and become the world's third largest nuclear power should circumstances move in that direction. The Republic of Kazakhstan reneged on its original commitment to repatriate this material to Russia for final disposition. My tenure at the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, as well as the use of newly available declassified data on the Kazakhstan nuclear issue, and open government sources, supports the major arguments of my thesis. For primary sources in Kazakh and Russian languages, I utilized the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS).
Both the external factors, including the competitive post-Soviet security environment in Eurasia, and complex and challenging domestic factors such as trans-regional social movements, clan ties, ethno-political cleavages, authoritarianism and government corruption, cast serious doubt on the future of Kazakhstan as a nuclear weapon free state.
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Kan, Maxim. "Ethnic-specific Reproductive Behavior in Independent Kazakhstan." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-79420.
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This study examines the risks of first, second and third birth in Kazakhstan since the collapse of the Soviet Union through general and ethnic-specific perspectives. Special attention is paid to the economic recovery time after 2000. The most remarkable finding is the similarity of the paces of first, second and third birth risks among the major ethnicities of Kazakhstan across the time periods. In particular, continued declines of first birth risks and slight increases of second birth risks occurred in tandem for all ethnic groups during the economic recovery period after the turn of the century.
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Anvarovich, Eraj Ghiyosov Bryant John Robert. "Payment for healthcare in post-Soviet Kazakhstan /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd405/4938547.pdf.
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Yim, Eunsil. "Coréens au Kazakhstan : construction sociale de l'identité "Minorité - Diaspora"." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0504.
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A la disparition de l’Union soviétique en décembre 1991, les Coréens du Kazakhstan – ceux issus des populations déportées en 1937 des régions de Vladivostok –, voient la question de leur identité collective s’inscrire dans des conditions sociales nouvelles et inédites. Même si la définition légitime de l’identité coréenne reste du ressort de l’Etat, elle devient, pour la première fois, l’objet d’actions de mobilisation de diverses catégories d’agents sociaux. Les sphères sociales dont sont issus ces agents sont non seulement publiques, comme les organismes étatiques chargés de formaliser des normes juridiques et administratives censées instituer l’identité nationale nouvelle, celle kazakhstanaise, et d’inventer des emblèmes et des symboles qui lui correspondent, mais également privées. Il s’agit, entre autres, des structures nouvelles, à vocation culturelle, nées dans le sillage de la perestroïka de la fin des années 1980 sous la forme de centres culturels. Instance de canalisation des activités et des manifestations culturelles à leurs débuts, ces organisations évoluent rapidement pour devenir également le lieu de socialisation des élites coréennes qui les dirigent. Issus des milieux académique, culturel, économique et politique, ces dirigeants s’approprient la question de l’identité coréenne en la transformant en un enjeu de luttes de pouvoir autour du monopole de représenter, c’est-à-dire d’agir et de parler pour et au nom de la minorité coréenne. Cette thèse se propose d’analyser la problématique identitaire des Coréens du Kazakhstan qui émerge ainsi dans le Kazakhstan postsoviétique en l’appréhendant en termes de lutte symbolique dans laquelle diverses catégories d’agents poursuivent une même entreprise, celle de produire, promouvoir, diffuser, bref, légitimer les représentations qu’ils font de l’identité coréenne. Fondée essentiellement sur les investigations empiriques, elle s’attache à mettre en lumière le double fait identitaire « minorité/diaspora » constitutif de la condition sociale structurelle des Coréens du Kazakhstan d’aujourd’hui, puisque ces Coréens sont tout à la fois une minorité de l’Etat kazakhstanais et une diaspora de la Corée divisée en deux Etats opposés, la Corée du Nord et la Corée du SudThe social context in which identity issue assigned to the Korean minority of Kazakhstan -- those who were deprted in 1937 from Vladivostok -- changed with the collapse of the Soviet Union in december 1991. For the first time, the object of collective mobilizations of different actors. These actors come from public sphere: the state institutions in charge of defining the administrative and juridical norms of the new Kazakhstani identity. But they are also private: the non governmantal associations constitute an important category of them. Born in the wake of perestroika in the late 1980s, they are cultural centers organizing cultural activities and events at the beginning; then these organizations are rapidly evolving to become also a place for socializing Korean elites who were committed in. Coming from the academic, cultural, economic and politic mileu, these responsibles handle the korean identity question by turning it into a stake of power struggle fot he monopoly to represent, which means to speak and act for and on behalf of the Korean minority. This thesis aims to analyze the identity question of the Koreans in Kazaksthan emeriging in the post-Soviet Kazakhstan by apprehending it as a symbolic struggle in which various categories of agents pursuing a common enterprise to produce and legitimate the representation they have of Korean identity. Based on empirical investigations, it seeks to highlight the dual identity "Minority/Diaspora" that is constitutive of the social and structural condition of the koreans in Kazakhstan today, because these Koreans are at the same time a minority of the Kazakhstani State and a Diaspora of the Korean peninsula
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Dumoulin, Marie. "Les élites politiques kazakhstanaises : faire carrière dans un Etat en formation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0043.
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A rebours des travaux faisant de logiques claniques l’élément central de la structuration des élites politiques kazakhstanaises, cette thèse se consacre à l’étude des stratégies individuelles de carrière d’élus et de hauts fonctionnaires depuis l'indépendance. Trois axes méthodologiques ont été adoptés :- Analyse statistique d’un échantillon de 690 biographies, qui fait apparaître un décalage entre le profil des élites et la société kazakhstanaise dans son ensemble. Cette analyse permet de dresser une typologie des itinéraires de carrière. Les nominations depuis 1992 révèlent la relève progressive des responsables communistes par des générations plus jeunes ;- Etude de récits de carrière, caractérisés par la dépendance des personnes interrogés à l’égard de mécanismes de cooptation et par une profonde méfiance envers les mutations de leur environnement politique, économique et social ;- Analyse de notices biographiques particulières, qui permet de remettre en cause la vision d’une élite politique structurée en clans, qu’ils soient lignagers ou économiques. Une approche en termes de réseaux est plus pertinente. Au niveau individuel, différents liens de proximité (matrimoniaux, amicaux, professionnels, etc. ) permettent aux individus de s’inscrire dans ces réseaux pour élaborer leurs carrières. Ces liens de proximité constituent un élément central de l’articulation de l’économique et du politique, et de la médiation entre l’Etat et la société. Ce mode de médiation peut s’analyser à travers le prisme du clientélisme politique, mais il exprime également de profondes mutations des sphères publique et privée et des fondements de la confiance dans la société kazakhstanaiseContrary to existing analyses, which see the clan factor as central for the structuration of kazakhstani political elites, this dissertation studies individual career-strategies of elected representatives and civil servants since the independence. Three methods have been adopted :- Statistical analysis of a sample of 690 biographies : it reveals important differences between elites’ profiles and the Kazakhstani society as a whole. This analysis provides the basis for a typology of career trajectories. Appointments since 1992 reveal that younger generations increasingly take-over former Party executives ;- Study of career stories : the persons interviewed expressed their dependency towards cooptation mechanism as well as a deep distrust of political, economic and social transformations of their environment ;- Analysis of specific biographies, which allows to question the vision of a clan-divided political elite, be it along the lines of traditional or economic clans. A network-based approach is more relevant. At the individual level, various acquaintances (e. G. Matrimonial links, friendship, professional relations) allow the individual to enter those networks. These links of acquaintance are a central factor in the articulation of the economic and political spheres, as well as a mediation between state and society. This mode of mediation can be analysed through the prism of political clientelism, but it also expresses deeps changes of the public/private dichotomy, as well as of the bases of trust in the Kazakhstani society
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Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio. "Archéologie de la mort, nécropoles, gestes funéraires et anthroplogie biologique des populations Andronovo et Saka de l'âge du bronze à l'âge du fer au Kazakhstan : IIe et Ier millénaire av. J.-C." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010581.
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Les cultures Andronovo (âge du Bronze) et Saka (âge du Fer) se sont développées entre le IIe et le Ier millénaire avant J. -C. Sur un vaste territoire de l'Asie centrale comprenant l'actuelle république du Kazakhstan. Le travail qu'il nous est proposé de présenter ici, traite des différentes pratiques funéraires dans leurs singularités et complexités. Avec l'ouverture du bloc socialiste, nous avons pu avoir accès à une masse documentaire archéologique d'archives. Notre analyse a permis de réévaluer l'ensemble avec des nouvelles propositions sur les pratiques funéraires. En outre, le travail sur un matériel anthropologique inédit et la reprise des recherches anciennes nous ont conduit à approfondir les connaissances sur les caractéristiques biologiques de ces populations. En confrontant les idées des données publiées avec celles restées inédites et en remplaçant l'étude ostéologique dans son contexte funéraire, nous discutons les différentes théories dans une perspective de recherche globale et dans une problématique archéo-anthropologique actuelle.
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Alicheva-Himy, Bakyt. "Les allemands et la langue allemande au Kazakhstan." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100143.
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Quezada, Jorge Francisco Perez. "Carbon flux patterns in agroecosystems of northern Kazakhstan /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Makishev, Ernar Aidargazaevich. "Solar heating of a residential building in Kazakhstan." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Shin, Jayoung Francesca-Maria. "Being a "Soviet Korean" in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1900/.
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This thesis examines what it means to be a "Soviet Korean" in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan. The majority of Koreans in Alma-Ata are the historical result of two displacements, having first migrated to Russia since the nineteenth century and then being deported to Kazakhstan in 1937 by Stalin. The repression was followed by decades of confinement in collective farms. The unlikely Korean presence in Central Asia was to be unveiled to the outside world after glasnost, and a change in the international political climate around the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games resulted in unprecedented encounters between the Soviet Korean diaspora community and other Korean visitors. My fieldwork began shortly afterwards, capturing the historical moment of this hitherto unknown section of the Korean diaspora. Reflecting the minority's history of persecution and isolation, it is not surprising to find high levels of linguistic and cultural "Russification". However, the Soviet Koreans constantly compare themselves with "others" and keep a distinct boundary. Following Bloch (1998), I argue for the importance of exploring socio-cultural reproduction in implicit domains. Thus sharing and transmitting cultural identity and memory is not so dependent on languages, narratives and formal education alone. Rather, aspects of "being Korean" are constantly found and reinforced within the community in aspects such as management of resources, articulation of cultural symbols, ways of communication, and sensorial preferences. I concentrate on their history, community dynamics, parent and child relationship, dietary practice, way of communicating and implicit and emotional aspects of "being Korean". I elucidate both the experiences and representations of the diaspora covering from pre-migration days in Korea to the present in the new state of Kazakhstan. Korean agricultural and Confucian root is favourably contrasted to the nomadic Kazakh traditions, yet it also bears the stigma of marginality in a Soviet context. Thus "Soviet Koreanness" reflects the traditions of the early migrants which are open to constant repositioning through dialogue with other Korean influences and ethnic groups. Food and culinary practice in its production and consumption is one of such areas where categories of ethnicity and gender get expressed and boundaries are maintained. Strong emotional responses are noted as they are triggered by sensory experiences and associations. In the section on family I single out the significance of parent-child relationships and associated ideology and emotions. Parental sacrifice, filial piety and guilt are specific parts of "being" a Korean. Education as ethnic identifier, and symbolic component for Korean personhood is examined in an intergenerational context. Finally, I explore Korean emphasis on non-verbal and implicit ways of communication and examine their relationship with notions of personhood, morality and ethnic identity.
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Merritt, Robin Nicole. "FACADE DEMOCRACY: DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION IN KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4423.
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This thesis explores the reasons behind the stagnation in the transition to democracy in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. According to their constitutions, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are democracies. In actuality, however, there is little evidence to support that these are democratic systems. These states' post-Soviet constitutions outline them as democracies - yet they lack a free press; freedom of association is suppressed; religious freedom is limited; and free speech is constrained as well. While these two countries hold popular elections, much of their electoral processes are under the control of the executive branch of government - calling into question whether or not Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan really hold fair and competitive elections. In sum, in both of these states, democracy is de jure rather than de facto. Why is this so? Why are Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan not the democracies in practice that they are on paper? Many scholars and policy-makers blame the stagnation in these states' democratic transitions on the firm hands used by the countries' presidents to maintain their current power and even to increase it. Other scholars point out that Central Asia has never been democratic and thus does not know how to be so. These scholars refer, in particular, to the region's history as part of the Russian Empire and later, as part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Using frameworks drawn from Dahl's Polyarchy (1971) and Huntington's The Third Wave (1991), this thesis finds that not only are Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan straying from their constitutional democratic starting points, no single factor is to blame for the stagnation in the transitions to democracy in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Rather, it is the combination of multiple factors - both internal and external - that provides the most comprehensive explanation of these states' failure to become full-fledged democracies. Combining the elements of strong dictator-like presidents with a lack of democratic history is but the tip of the iceberg. Internal factors such as political culture and external factors such as the influence of the international community also play major roles in the current state of affairs in these Central Asian states.M.A.
Department of Political Science
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Bragg, Marcus. "Central Asian Security: With a Focus on Kazakhstan." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1576.
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This work focuses on the influence of terror, extremism, trafficking and corruption on the regional security of Central Asia, with a particular emphasis on Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is
regarded as the most stable and financially developed state in Central Asia, yet domestic and regional stability are threatened by the rise in extremism, narcotics trafficking, institutional
corruption and acts of terrorism. The challenges of trafficking and extremism within the region originated from outside of Central Asia. Foreign organizations and ideologies are significant
actors in progression of regional instability. Government response to these challenges can perpetuate or stymie the aforementioned threats to regional security. Repressive regimes
inadvertently contribute to the propaganda of the non-state foes. A prominent solution is the international program referred to as border management. This program aims to support border security while also promoting economic growth and ensuring the protection of human rights. Improved borders promotes regional security, economic growth can potentially undermine the growth of corruption and human rights protection can undermine a large part of extremist propaganda.B.A.
Bachelors
Political Science
Sciences
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Salina, Aigul Pazenovna. "Financial soundness of Kazakhstan banks : analysis and prediction." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3128.
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Purpose – The financial systems in many emerging countries are still impacted by the devastating effect of the 2008 financial crisis which created a massive disaster in the global economy. The banking sector needs appropriate quantitative techniques to assess its financial soundness, strengths and weaknesses. This research aims to explore, empirically assess and analyze the financial soundness of the banking sector in Kazakhstan. It also examines the prediction of financial unsoundness at an individual bank level using PCA, cluster, MDA, logit and probit analyses. Design/Methodology/Approach – A cluster analysis, in combination with principal component analysis (PCA), was utilized as a classification technique. It groups sound and unsound banks in Kazakhstan's banking sector by examining various financial ratios. Cluster analysis was run on a sample of 34 commercial banks on 1st January, 2008 and 37 commercial banks on 1st January, 2014 to test the ability of this technique to detect unsound banks before they fail. Then, Altman Z” and EM Score models were tested and re-estimated and the MDA, logit and probit models were constructed on a sample of 12 Kazakhstan banks during the period between 1st January, 2008 and 1st January, 2014. The sample consists of 6 sound and 6 unsound banks and accounts for 81.3% of the total assets of the Kazakhstan banking sector in 2014. These statistical methods used various financial variables to represent capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings and liquidity. Last but not least, the MDA, logit and probit models were systematically combined together to construct an integrated model to predict bank financial unsoundness. Findings – First of all, results from Chapter 3 indicate that cluster analysis is able to identify the structure of the Kazakh banking sector by the degree of financial soundness. Secondly, based on the findings in the second empirical chapter, the tested and re-estimated Altman models show a modest ability to predict bank financial unsoundness in Kazakhstan. Thirdly, the MDA, logit and probit models show high predictive accuracy in excess of 80%. Finally, the model that integrated the MDA, logit and probit types presents superior predictability with lower Type I errors. Practical Implications – The results of this research are of interest to supervisory and regulatory bodies. The models can be used as a reliable and effective tool, particularly the cluster based methodology for assessing the degree of financial soundness in the banking sector and the integrated model for predicting the financial unsoundness of banks. Originality/Value – This study is the first to employ a cluster-based methodology to assess financial soundness in the Kazakh banking sector. In addition, the integrated model can be used as a promising technique for evaluating the financial unsoundness of banks in terms of predictive accuracy and robustness. Importance – Assessing the financial soundness of the Kazakh banking system is of particular importance as the World Bank has ranked Kazakhstan as leading the world for the volume of non-performing credits in the total number of loans granted in 2012. It is one of the first academic studies carried out on Kazakhstan banks which comprehensively evaluate the financial soundness of banks. It is anticipated that the findings of the current study will provide useful lessons for developing and transition countries during periods of financial turmoil.
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Niyazbekov, Nurseit. "Protest mobilisation and democratisation in Kazakhstan (1992-2009)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:494a3742-e7d6-4adf-8728-e644a3f7f249.
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This thesis consists of two objectives which divide it into two parts. Thus, part one explores the cyclicity of protest mobilisation in post-Soviet Kazakhstan in the 1992–2009 period and part two investigates the relationship between protest mobilisation and democratisation in the 1990s, a decade marked by early progress in democratisation followed by an abrupt reversal to authoritarianism. Acknowledging the existence of numerous competing explanations of protest cyclicity, the first part of this study utilises four major social movement perspectives – relative deprivation (RD), resource mobilisation (RMT), political opportunity structures (POS) and collective action frames (CAF) – to explain variances in protest mobilisation in Kazakhstan over time and four issue areas. Adopting a small-N case study and process-tracing technique, the thesis’s first research question enquires into which of these four theoretical perspectives has the best fit when seeking to explain protest cyclicity over time. It is hypothesised that the ‘waxing and waning’ of protest activity can best be attributed to the difficulties surrounding the identification and construction of resonant CAFs. However, the study’s findings lead to a rejection of the first hypothesis by deemphasising the role of CAFs in predicting protest cyclicity, and instead support the theoretical predictions of the POS perspective, suggesting the prevalence of structural factors such as the regime’s capacity for repression and shifts in elite alignments. The second research question revolves around variations in protest mobilisation across four issue areas and explores the reasons why socioeconomic grievances mobilised more people to protest than environmental, political and interethnic ones. According to the second hypothesis, people more readily protest around socioeconomic rather than political and other types of grievances due to the lower costs of participation in socioeconomic protests. While the regime’s propensity for repressing political protests could explain the prevalence of socioeconomic protests in the 2000s, the POS perspective’s key explanatory variable failed to account for the prevalence of socioeconomic protests in the early 1990s, resulting in the rejection of the second hypothesis. The second part of the thesis attempts to answer the third research question: How does protest mobilisation account for the stalled transition to democracy in Kazakhstan in the 1990s? Based on the theoretical assumption that instances of extensive protest mobilisation foster democratic transitions, the study’s third research hypothesis posits that transition to democracy in Kazakhstan stalled in the mid-1990s due to the failure of social movement organisations to effectively mobilise the masses for various acts of protest. This assumption receives strong empirical support, suggesting that protest mobilisation is an important facilitative factor in the democratisation process. The thesis is the first to attempt to employ classical social movement theories in the context of post-communist Central Asian societies. Additionally, the study aims to contribute to the large pool of democratisation literature which, until recently (following the colour revolutions), seemed to underplay the role of popular protest mobilisation in advancing transitions to democracy. Finally, the research is based on the author’s primary elite-interview data and content analysis of five weekly independent newspapers.
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Buck, Katharina. "Nationality and national identity in post-Soviet Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601004.
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This thesis explores the endeavours of the Republic of Kazakhstan la 'create Kazakhstanis.' It starts from the puzzle that the newly-independent, multiethnic country did not experience the kind of interethnic violence and disintegration that were expected during the 19905, although it has not developed an overarching, state-framed 'Kazakhstani' national identity that was deemed necessary by both the Kazakhstani government and the Western literature in order to bridge ethnic divisions, consolidate the polity and prevent disintegration. As Kazakhstan has not fulfilled the dire predict ions, this thesis looks at what has happened instead, asks what Kazakhstani nation-making has looked like, what it has sought to achieve and where it has failed. The two foci are therefore the politics and policies of official nation-making in Kazakhstan and the limitations and problems to these programmes. This analysis is important because it highlights the constraints and paradoxes of nation-making and demonstrates that states can sometimes be 'nationalising' in contradictory ways. The research puzzle is addressed through three main mechanisms. These are the history and historiography of Kazakhstan, the policies and rhetoric of its key political players, and the 'ethnic' grievances that have been expressed outside the ruling circles. The primary data analysed in this work has been generated during ethnographic fieldwork including overt participant observation, documentary research and qualitative elite interviews in seven different regions of Kazakhstan in 2009 and 2010. Overall, the thesis makes four arguments. First, national identity construction in Kazakhstan is a continuation of dialectical Soviet practices, resulting in two nations currently being constructed, an 'ethnic' and a 'civic ' one, of which the ethnic Kazakh is the stronger project. Second, this implies that the Kazakhs are constructed as the country's 'hosts' on whose 'hospitality' other, non-Kazakh Kazakhstanis depend. Third, a parallel, conspicuous celebration of the country's multiethnic character, officially designed to keep the country inter-ethnically 'harmonious,' breaks up the population into sub-state ethnic entities that are well manageable for the regime. Fourth, these combined tactics do not currently develop a new 'civic' Kazakhstani nation, but gradually erode a Soviet-inherited and even pre-Soviet-inherited cultural homogeneity and overarching collective identity.
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Dreeze, Jonathon Randall. "Stalin's Empire: Soviet Propaganda in Kazakhstan, 1929-1953." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu158757030976164.
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Batyrkhanova, Yekaterina. "Position of Kazakhstan in International Trade and Business." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193370.
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This thesis presents an analysis of trends in world and foreign trade of Kazakhstan. It contains the main indicators characterizing the degree of product and geographic diversification of Kazakhstan's exports and imports. The thesis analyses the features, character and prospects of expansion of foreign economic relations of Kazakhstan, issues of strategic partnership, and trends shaping the model of the regional economy within the boundaries of the Eurasian Economic Space.
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Kulakhmetova, Anel. "Evolving notions of childhood : an example of Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273670.
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This research is aimed at understanding versatile and evolving perceptions of childhood in Kazakhstan after the independence of the country. It draws on a variety of primary data including in-depth interviews and surveys with young people and representatives of non- governmental organisations working with young people. This research employs two concepts of sociology of childhood, which address the socio-historical condition of childhood as a social experience. It explores the role children played in traditional Kazakh families in the mid-19th- beginning of the 20th century. It also addresses state policy concerning children in Kazakhstan after independence. This research presents an analysis of how young participants perceive categories of ‘child’ and ‘adult.’ The question is raised whether traditional thresholds of childhood like education, marriage, and financial independence still play a role in understanding the transition from childhood to adulthood. Further, it presents a dialogue between young participants of this research with their older contemporaries on the characteristics of the young generation born after the independence. Finally, it sheds more light on discrimination of young females in the family and society.
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Dosmagambet, Yergali. "Technological absorptive capacity and productivity dynamics : with a special reference to Kazakhstan." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF10008.
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Une nouvelle spécification de la distance à la frontière est proposée en termes de barrières à l’adoption dans la diffusion technologique de Nelson-Phelps. Des coûts élevés liés à l’adoption technologique limitent le processus de rattrapage de la frontière mondiale. La nouvelle forme de la productivité, renforcée par l’évidence empirique, permet de modéliser les régimes multiples de convergence vers les points stationnaires. La performance impressionnante de l’Asie du Sud montre qu’il existe un lien fort entre une augmentation de la force de travail avec une éducation professionnelle (V) par rapport à celle avec une éducation générale (G) et leur somme (taille de l’éducation secondaire). La littérature récente présente une évidence empirique mentionnant la tendance à la hausse du ratio de l’éducation professionnelle à l’éducation régionale aux pays avec les revenus moyens. Cela renforce considérablement l’importance de l’éducation secondaire dans l’adoption technologique et permettrait d’appliquer la théorie de la croissance moderne aux pays en transition. Un modèle est proposé en vue d’analyser les interrelations entre le ratio (V/G) et la taille de l’éducation secondaire et les directions dans lesquelles ils interagissent. Finalement, le concept de Lucas est revisité pour montrer que l’éducation secondaire s’ajuste à l’adoption technologique. Par conséquent, le ratio V/G pourrait être utilisé à la place du taux de scolarisation secondaire dans le modèle de Nelson-Phelps afin de rétablir les liens avec la productivité dans les recherches empiriques. Un potentiel de rattrapage à long terme est analysé avec un modèle d’équilibre général pour Kazakhstan. Ainsi, la croissance du progrès technique, mesuré en termes des barrières à l’adoption technologique, montre que l’économie, tout d’abord, converge vers le premier point stationnaire, déterminé de façon endogène par l’interaction entre les barrières à l’adoption technologique avec la productivitéA new specification of the distance to technology frontier as relative barriers to technology adoption generalizes the Nelson-Phelps catching-up model of technology diffusion. Higher costs of technology adoption constrain the catch-up process with the world technology frontier. Therefore, the new pattern of productivity gives scope for modeling the multiple regimes of convergence to the steady states. Supported by empirical evidence it allows for interpreting a catching-up in terms of barriers to technology adoption. Next, East Asia’s impressive economic performance shows that there is a strong link between a relative increase in vocational education and the size of secondary education. Recent literature presents empirical evidence that the ratio of vocational (V) to general (G) education tends to be higher in middle income countries. Thus, it substantially strengthens that secondary education is important in technology adoption and thereby, seemingly allows for applying the modern growth theory in transition economy. The insights are explored with a model in which the main differences between stemming from raising productivity and increasing the size of secondary education, and the directions in which they work altogether are analyzed. Finally, the concept of Lucas is revisited to demonstrate that secondary education structurally adjusts to technology adoption. Therefore, the ratio of VG can be used in place of gross secondary enrolments in the Nelson-Phelps catch-up model of technology diffusion to re-established the links with productivity growth in empirical studies. The potential of long-run catch-up toward the technology frontier is analyzed with a computable general equilibrium model for Kazakhstan. The pattern of productivity growth, measured in terms of barriers to technology adoption, reveals that the economy converges initially to lower steady state, endogenously determined by the interaction between the barriers to technology adoption and productivity growth
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Kenzhebekova, Aigerim. "How Decision-Making Can Inform Sustainable Development of the Expanding Oil Industry of Western Kazakhstan." Master's thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/22215.
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This paper explores how decision-making under uncertainty can address opportunities, risks, and uncertainties for sustainable development; how decision theory, resilience thinking, and scenario planning approaches can assist the decision-making process. The paper will focus on decision-making for sustainable development under uncertainty associated with energy development in Western Kazakhstan. The main goal of this work is to demonstrate how different decision-making approaches under uncertainty can facilitate sustainable development of the oil industry in the region. Recommendations for sustainable development are examined for how the different approaches can be used to better inform the recommendations.
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Mandic, Dejan, and Dalila Aitpayeva. "From Core Values to Customer Satisfaction: Ericsson in Kazakhstan." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7383.
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Date
2009-09-07
Program
MIMA – Master of International Marketing
Course Name
EFO705 Master Thesis
Title
From Core Values to Customer Satisfaction: Ericsson in Kazakhstan
Authors
Dalila Aitpayeva (Västerås), Dejan Mandic (Göteborg)
Supervisor
Joakim Netz
Problem
How can a company deploy its core values into customer relations to increase customers’ satisfaction?
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how company’s core values can interact with customer’ expectations and as embedded in the customer relation make impact on the customer satisfaction.
Method
Inductive research was used for data collection and analysis because the study is explorative in nature and therefore based on interviews and document analysis. Interviews were conducted with Ericsson’s managers and their customers in Kazakhstan.
Findings
Findings resulted from this study indicate that strong direct relationship exist among core values of service providers and expectations of their customers.
Conclusion
Ericsson’s core values: professionalism, respect, and perseverance are constantly integrated in Ericsson daily business operations. Commitment to its customers, willingness to share knowledge and continuous offering of new technologies are best examples of that integration. Ericsson’s unique and professional service offerings meet and in many cases exceed high customer expectations and ultimately satisfy its customers in Kazakhstan.
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Rinat, Ulpan, and Cornelis Baardemans. "Management Strategies in Transitional Economies : Doing Business in Kazakhstan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19863.
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The purpose of this thesis is to increase an understanding about management strategies in transitional economies from the perspective of creativity/entrepreneurship, control, trust and social/cultural changes. The study is carried out through a case study of management strategies in a transition economy, Kazakhstan. Transitional economies are not a new interest for management research. However not many studies have been made in Kazakhstan about management strategies, compared to the countries that are situated closer to Europe, such as East European countries.. There are not so many studies done about the Central Asian transition economies like Kazakhstan. Therefore a country like Kazakhstan can contribute to the literature. Another important distinction in research of transitional economies is whether it concerns local experiences or cross- cultural experiences. The study shows the perspective of Kazakhstani managers on creativity/entrepreneurship, control, trust and social/cultural change and their perceptions of western management strategies. The study shows that there are two phases in a transition economy. The first phase is in the beginning of a transition economy, that time is characterized as chaotic and unpredictable. The second phase is the time when the economy becomes more stable and people get values back based on socialism and used them in business. In the present time, the values are formed through a mixture socialism and capitalism. The process of transition influences the four variables: creativity/entrepreneurship, control, trust and social/cultural changes. It also influenced the way of management in transitional economy. At the end of the thesis there will be given some theoretical and managerial implications of the thesis, the limitations of the thesis and the suggestions for future research.
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Panyushkina, Irina, Nurjan Mukhamadiev, Ann Lynch, Nursagim Ashikbaev, Alexis Arizpe, Christopher O’Connor, Danyar Abjanbaev, Gulnaz Mengdіbayeva, and Abay Sagitov. "Wild Apple Growth and Climate Change in Southeast Kazakhstan." MDPI AG, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626428.
Full textAbstract:
Wild populations of Malus sieversii [Ldb.] M. Roem are valued genetic and watershed resources in Inner Eurasia. These populations are located in a region that has experienced rapid and on-going climatic change over the past several decades. We assess relationships between climate variables and wild apple radial growth with dendroclimatological techniques to understand the potential of a changing climate to influence apple radial growth. Ring-width chronologies spanning 48 to 129 years were developed from 12 plots in the Trans-Ili Alatau and Jungar Alatau ranges of Tian Shan Mountains, southeastern Kazakhstan. Cluster analysis of the plot-level chronologies suggests different temporal patterns of growth variability over the last century in the two mountain ranges studied. Changes in the periodicity of annual ring-width variability occurred ca. 1970 at both mountain ranges, with decadal-scale variability supplanted by quasi-biennial variation. Seascorr correlation analysis of primary and secondary weather variables identified negative growth associations with spring precipitation and positive associations with cooler fall-winter temperatures, but the relative importance of these relationships varied spatially and temporally, with a shift in the relative importance of spring precipitation ca. 1970 at Trans-Ili Alatau. Altered apple tree radial growth patterns correspond to altered climatology in the Lake Balkhash Basin driven by unprecedented intensified Arctic Oscillations after the late 1970s.
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Verme, Paolo. "Transition, recession and labour supply in Kazakhstan (1990-1996)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1532/.
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This thesis explores how transitional reforms and the concomitant recession have transformed the labour market in Kazakhstan and how changes in the labour market have transformed workers' attitudes to labour supply. It is found that the initially expected reallocation of labour from the state to the private sector has been a very weak phenomenon and that, instead, a sharp growth of self-employment has occurred. During a period of transition and recession, such as the one that Kazakhstan is experiencing, income seems to converge towards a subsistence minimum across working sectors altering the relationship between growth, wages and productivity. In such an environment, the supply of labour is mainly determined by non-income factors and so is the cross-sector mobility. Unemployment exists not as a temporary phenomenon instrumental in labour reallocation but as a permanent condition for the very poor. Current labour market policies, originally designed for structurally different labour markets, seem inconsistent with the nature of unemployment and unsustainable in the long run. The prolonged stagnation is dragging the economy towards a third world scenario rather than a first. Hence, future prospects and policies are to be rethought not in terms of transition but in terms of economic development.
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Yakubova, Shakhnoza. "PERCEPTION OF QUALITY IN CHANGING UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1259029065.
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Bohnenberger-Rich, Simone. "China and Kazakhstan : economic hierarchy, dependency and political power?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3126/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis uses a neoclassical realist framework to investigate the link between economic influence and political power in China’s foreign policy, taking Kazakhstan as a case study. Over the last decades, China developed formidable relative economic capabilities that it increasingly projects externally. An in-depth look at Chinese trade, finance and investment elucidates the drivers of China’s economic influence in Kazakhstan. The analysis shows that Beijing created strong economic dependencies, which in turn introduced a steep hierarchy in the bilateral relationship that leaves Astana in a subordinate and Beijing in a dominant position. This dependency is driven by the legitimacy and revenue needs of the Kazakhstani elite, on the one hand, and China’s relative economic capabilities, guided by Beijing’s “Go Global” and “Go West” initiatives, on the other. The thesis discusses the complex array of economic institutions that project Chinese economic power into Kazakhstan and their relationship with Beijing to determine whether Kazakhstan’s economic dependence is the outcome of a deliberate policy directed by Beijing. After establishing the extent of the hierarchy and dependency of the relationship, the thesis addresses China’s ability to translate the dependency into meeting its foreign policy interests. Beijing does indeed successfully leverage this dependency to meet its political objectives, most notably in gaining access to Kazakhstani resources. Furthermore, an in-depth cases study of the Sino-Kazakhstani transboundary water dispute illustrates that Beijing can maximise its foreign policy objective of maintaining absolute sovereignty over its rivers on the back Kazakhstan’s economic dependence. However, this outcome is driven largely by Kazakhstan itself, particularly by its elite. This turns China into a hydro-hegemon, undermining its foreign policy principles of “win-win” and “mutually beneficial” cooperation.
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Kudebayeva, Alma. "Chronic poverty concepts and measures : an application to Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/chronic-poverty-concepts-and-measures-an-application-to-kazakhstan(e836dffd-137b-4bd5-918c-c801bd3991ba).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the concepts and measurements of chronic poverty, with application to Kazakhstan. A rigorous analysis of different approaches in the measurement of poverty and chronic poverty is presented in this study. Five matching techniques have been applied for the construction of unintended panel data based on KHBS 2001-2009. The substantial test of reliability, representativeness and robustness of the constructed panel data has examined. The attrition biases of the longitudinal data have been studied rigorously. The appropriate equivalence scale has been determined through regression analysis to the Kazakhstan HBS. The sensitivity of conventional and chronic poverty measures to various poverty lines and equivalence scales studied in this thesis. The stochastic dominance analysis of per adult equivalent consumption expenditures has been presented. The chronic poverty measures and determinants of chronically and transient poor have been estimated. It illustrates that the main correlates of chronic poverty are education, employment status of the head of household, household composition, the ownership of assets such as a dwelling other than main dwelling, a car, access to water in the house and location. The correlates of transient poverty are similar to chronic poverty; however some of them have opposite signs, for example the ethnicity of the head of household, household compositions, an ownership of a dwelling other than main dwelling, location in urban area and repayments of loan in 2008. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis of the gap in consumption expenditures between chronically and transient poor, chronically poor and non-poor explains the differences through returns to endowments. Poverty transitions analysis illustrate improvement in poverty dynamics in later period of the study in 2006-2009. Long durations of poverty prevail among singles with children and couples with children. Poverty exit rates are higher than poverty entry rates for the whole period of 2001-2009. The multivariate hazard regression models are estimated to examine differences in people's experience of poverty over a period of time. For individuals who enter poverty, the total span of time that they spend in poverty consequently depends on both the chances of exit from poverty and the chances of re-entry to poverty. The results confirm the negative duration dependence of the hazards of poverty exit and re-entry for longer lengths of state. The only factor significantly positive influence on poverty exit is a location in Almaty. Many correlates of the model estimation have the same signs for the hazard rate of poverty exit and re-entries. These facts mean that these factors are common for transient poor, who are moving in and out poverty in given period of time. As defined before the existence of children under age six will increase the hazard rate of poverty re-entry.
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Suleimenov, Usen. "Geopolitical aspects of energy cooperation between Kazakhstan and China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1498.
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Potapova, Gradislava. "Petroleumsregimet i Kazakhstan : hovedtrekk ved forholdet til utenlandske oljeselskap /." Oslo : Det juridiske fakultetet, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/jus/2007/57246/SPESIALOPPGAVEx10V_utenxkart.pdf.
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Mukhamedov, Igor. "The domestic, regional and global security stakes in Kazakhstan." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FMukhamedov.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Roger McDermott. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-60). Also available online.
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Kobayashi, Mimako. "Livestock production in transition economies : the case of Kazakhstan /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Dosmagambet, Yergali. "Capacité d'absorption technologique et dynamique de productivité. Application au Kazakhstan." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306570.
Full textAbstract:
Une nouvelle spécification de la distance à la frontière est proposée en termes de barrières à l'adoption dans la diffusion technologique de Nelson-Phelps. Des coûts élevés liés à l'adoption technologique limitent le processus de rattrapage de la frontière mondiale. La nouvelle forme de la productivité, renforcée par l'évidence empirique, permet de modéliser les régimes multiples de convergence vers les points stationnaires. La performance impressionnante de l'Asie du sud montre qu'il existe un lien fort entre une augmentation de la force de travail avec une éducation professionnelle (V) par rapport à celle avec une éducation générale (G) et leur somme (taille de l'éducation secondaire). La littérature récente présente une évidence empirique mentionnant la tendance à la hausse du ratio de l'éducation professionnelle à l'éducation générale aux pays avec les revenus moyens. Cela renforce considérablement l'importance de l'éducation secondaire dans l'adoption technologique et permettrait d'appliquer la théorie de la croissance moderne aux pays en transition. Un modèle est proposé en vue d'analyser les interrelations entre le ratio (V/G) et la taille de l'éducation secondaire et les directions dans lesquelles ils interagissent. Finalement, le concept de Lucas est revisité pour montrer que l'éducation secondaire s'ajuste à l'adoption technologique. Par conséquent, le ratio V/G pourrait être utilisé à la place du taux de scolarisation secondaire dans le modèle de Nelson-Phelps afin de rétablir les liens avec la productivité dans les recherches empiriques. Un potentiel de rattrapage à long terme est analysé avec un modèle d'équilibre général pour le Kazakhstan. Ainsi, la croissance du progrès technique, mesuré en termes des barrières à l'adoption technologique, montre que l'économie, tout d'abord, converge vers le premier point stationnaire, déterminé de façon endogène par l'interaction entre les barrières à l'adoption technologique avec la productivité.