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Journal articles on the topic 'Kawakawa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Alderson, Hazel, Chang Liu, Annu Mehta, Hinal Suresh Gala, Natalia Rutendo Mazive, Yuzheng Chen, Yuwei Zhang, Shichang Wang, and Luca Serventi. "Sensory Profile of Kombucha Brewed with New Zealand Ingredients by Focus Group and Word Clouds." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030100.

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Kombucha is a yeast and bacterially fermented tea that is often described as having an acetic, fruity and sour flavour. There is a particular lack of sensory research around the use of Kombucha with additional ingredients such as those from the pepper family, or with hops. The goal of this project was to obtain a sensory profile of Kombucha beverages with a range of different ingredients, particularly of a novel Kombucha made with only Kawakawa (Piper excelsum) leaves. Other samples included hops and black pepper. Instrumental data were collected for all the Kombucha samples, and a sensory focus group of eight semi-trained panellists were set up to create a sensory profile of four products. Commercially available Kombucha, along with reference training samples were used to train the panel. Kawakawa Kombucha was found to be the sourest of the four samples and was described as having the bitterest aftertaste. The instrumental results showed that the Kawakawa Kombucha had the highest titratable acidity (1.55 vs. 1.21–1.42 mL) as well as the highest alcohol percentage (0.40 vs. 0.15–0.30%). The hops sample had the highest pH (3.72 vs. 3.49–3.54), with the lowest titratable acidity (1.21), and, from a basic poll, was the most liked of the samples. Each Kombucha had its own unique set of sensory descriptors with particular emphasis on the Kawakawa product, having unique mouthfeel descriptors as a result of some of the compounds found in Kawakawa. This research has led to a few areas that could be further studied, such as the characteristics of the Piperaceae family under fermentation and the different effects or the foaminess of the Kawakawa Kombucha, which is not fully explained.

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2

Donley, J. M., and K. A. Dickson. "Swimming kinematics of juvenile kawakawa tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 3103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.20.3103.

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The swimming kinematics of two active pelagic fishes from the family Scombridae were compared to test the hypothesis that the kawakawa tuna (Euthynnus affinis) uses the thunniform mode of locomotion, in which the body is held more rigid and undergoes less lateral movement in comparison with the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), which uses the carangiform swimming mode. This study, the first quantitative kinematic comparison of size-matched scombrids, confirmed significantly different swimming kinematics in the two species. Ten kawakawa (15.1-25.5 cm fork length, FL) and eight chub mackerel (14.0-23.4 cm FL), all juveniles, were videotaped at 120 Hz while swimming at several speeds up to their maximum sustained speed at 24 degrees C. Computerized motion analysis was used to digitize specific points on the body in sequential video frames, and kinematic variables were quantified from the progression of the points over time. At a given speed, kawakawa displayed a significantly greater tailbeat frequency, but lower stride length, tailbeat amplitude and propulsive wavelength, than chub mackerel when size effects were accounted for. Midline curvatures subdivided on the basis of X-rays into individual vertebral elements were used to quantify axial bending in a subset of the fish studied. Maximum intervertebral lateral displacement and intervertebral flexion angles were significantly lower along most of the body in kawakawa than in chub mackerel, indicating that the kawakawa undergoes less axial flexion than does the chub mackerel, resulting in lower tailbeat amplitudes. However, lateral movement at the tip of the snout, or yaw, did not differ significantly interspecifically. Despite these differences, the net cost of transport was the same in the two species, and the total cost was higher in the kawakawa, indicating that the tuna juveniles are not more efficient swimmers.

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3

Jackman, S. D., P. G. Peterson, A. W. Robertson, and C. Van_Koten. "Neolema ogloblini exploring a new option for the control of tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis)." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5804.

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The leaf beetle Neolema ogloblini was released in 2011 as a biological control agent for Tradescantia fluminensis a major warm temperate forest environmental weed in New Zealand To assess whether N ogloblini can suppress T fluminensis and improve native seedling growth and survival a glasshouse experiment was established Kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum) and mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus) seedlings were planted underneath uncontrolled T fluminensis and compared with seedlings (1) under T fluminensis damaged by N ogloblini (2) under T fluminensis sprayed with herbicide (triclopyr) and (3) released from competition by manually removing T fluminensis Seedlings did not grow faster in response to reduced T fluminensis biomass and increased light levels following feeding by N ogloblini over the 12 week experiment However seedling survival rates were higher (kawakawa 87 and mahoe 93) with N ogloblini feeding than herbicidetreatment (kawakawa 17 and mahoe 3) T fluminensis Survival in uncontrolled T fluminensis (kawakawa 90 and mahoe 57) varied for the two species This experiment suggests that regeneration of native plants may benefit from damage to T fluminensis caused by N ogloblini feeding in the field

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4

Sepulveda, C., and K. A. Dickson. "Maximum sustainable speeds and cost of swimming in juvenile kawakawa tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 3089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.20.3089.

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Tunas (Scombridae) have been assumed to be among the fastest and most efficient swimmers because they elevate the temperature of the slow-twitch, aerobic locomotor muscle above the ambient water temperature (endothermy) and because of their streamlined body shape and use of the thunniform locomotor mode. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that juvenile tunas swim both faster and more efficiently than their ectothermic relatives. The maximum sustainable swimming speed (U(max), the maximum speed attained while using a steady, continuous gait powered by the aerobic myotomal muscle) and the net cost of transport (COT(net)) were compared at 24 degrees C in similar-sized (116–255 mm fork length) juvenile scombrids, an endothermic tuna, the kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) and the ectothermic chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus). U(max) and COT(net) were measured by forcing individual fish to swim in a temperature-controlled, variable-speed swimming tunnel respirometer. There were no significant interspecific differences in the relationship between U(max) and body mass or fork length or in the relationship between COT(net) and body mass or fork length. Muscle temperatures were elevated by 1.0-2.3 degrees C and 0.1-0.6 degrees C above water temperature in the kawakawa and chub mackerel, respectively. The juvenile kawakawa had significantly higher standard metabolic rates than the chub mackerel, because the total rate of oxygen consumption at a given swimming speed was higher in the kawakawa when the effects of fish size were accounted for. Thus, juvenile kawakawa are not capable of higher sustainable swimming speeds and are not more efficient swimmers than juvenile chub mackerel.

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5

MELE, SALVATORE, M. GRAZIA PENNINO, M. CRISTINA PIRAS, DAVID MACÍAS, M. JOSÉ GÓMEZ-VIVES, FRANCISCO ALEMANY, FRANCISCO E. MONTERO, GIOVANNI GARIPPA, and PAOLO MERELLA. "Ecology of the Atlantic black skipjack Euthynnus alletteratus (Osteichthyes: Scombridae) in the western Mediterranean Sea inferred by parasitological analysis." Parasitology 143, no. 10 (May 13, 2016): 1330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016000792.

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SUMMARYBetween 2008 and 2011, the head of 150 Euthynnus alletteratus (Osteichthyes: Scombridae) caught inshore off the southeastern Iberian coast (western Mediterranean Sea) were examined for parasites. Two monogeneans, four didymozoid trematodes and four copepods were found. Parasite abundance showed a positive relationship with the annual sea surface temperature, except for Pseudocycnus appendiculatus, but negative with the sea depth (Capsala manteri, Neonematobothrium cf. kawakawa and Caligus bonito). Prevalences and mean abundances differed significantly among sampling areas, except for C. manteri, Oesophagocystis sp. 2 and Ceratocolax euthynni, and sampling years (Melanocystis cf. kawakawa, N.cf. kawakawa, P. appendiculatus and Unicolax collateralis). Results indicate that the parasite abundances of E. alletteratus in the western Mediterranean Sea depend mainly on regional environmental variables, which can show interannual variations. The presence of pelagic parasites, i.e. didymozoids and P. appendiculatus, could indicate that E. alletteratus migrates between inshore and offshore pelagic domains. The different parasite faunas reported in E. alletteratus populations from the western Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea appear to point out the geographical host isolation. These results suggest that E. alletteratus inhabiting the western Mediterranean Sea performs inshore-offshore small-scale migrations, and not transoceanic migrations between the western Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

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6

Jackman, S. D., P. G. Peterson, and A. W. Robertson. "Neolema ogloblini exploring a new option for the control of tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis)." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5776.

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The tradescantia leaf beetle (Neolema ogloblini) was released in 2011 as a biological control agent for tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis) one of New Zealands worst environmental weeds Tradescantia prevents native forest regeneration by growing over and shading out native seedlings at ground level To assess N ogloblinis effectiveness a glasshouse experiment compared ground level light readings before and after beetle feeding and the response of two native seedlings kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum) and mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus) Feeding damage caused light readings to increase above 5 of fulllight the threshold estimated as necessary for regeneration of native plants by previous research This resulted in a significant increase in kawakawa seedling height and leaf length This study suggests that native forest regeneration may benefit from feeding damage to tradescantia caused by N ogloblini in the field

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7

Lei, Jeremy, Elaine Burgess, Alistair Richardson, Bill Hawkins, Sarah Baird, Bruce Smallfield, John van Klink, and Nigel Perry. "Cytotoxic Amides from Fruits of Kawakawa, Macropiper excelsum." Planta Medica 81, no. 12/13 (June 3, 2015): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1546106.

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8

Ekawaty, Rani, and Irwan Jatmiko. "Reproductive biology of kawakawa, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) in Eastern Indian Ocean." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 18, no. 3 (February 9, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v18i3.313.

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Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) is one of the economically important fish species for fishermen in Denpasar, Bali. The objective of this study was to analyze the reproductive biology of kawakawa such as the gonadal maturity level (GML), gonad maturity index (GMI) and the length proportion of the mature gonads 50% (L50) and 95% (L95) of kawakawa in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Fish samples were collected from the fishermen catch landed at Kedonganan Fishing Port (PPI), Bali from May to September 2016. The total of fish samples collected were 168 individual. Each individual species was measured their fork length (FL), individual weight, gonad weight and determination of gonadal maturity level. The data obtained were analyzed to determine GML, GMI and proportions of gonads mature. The results showed that the fork length ranged from 26-55 cm with an average of 38 cm and dominated by a 28 cm. The maturity level of fish gonads was dominated by GML III (38%), followed by GML II (26%), GML I (22%) and GML IV (14%), respectively. The average gonad maturity index was 0.558 with a range of 0.009-5.075. The length of gonad matured in proportion 50% and 95% was 48.4 cm and 55.7 cm, respectively. It is suggested to regulating in fishing capture of kawakawa so that 50% of the fish caught have spawned.AbstrakTongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan ekonomis penting bagi nelayan di Denpasar, Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biologi reproduksi ikan tongkol komo seperti tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG) dan panjang proporsi matang gonad 50% (L50) dan 95% (L95) tongkol komo di Samudra Hindia Bagian Timur. Contoh ikan dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Kedonganan, Bali dari bulan Mei hingga September 2016. Jumlah contoh ikan yang dikumpulkan sebanyak 168 ekor, masing-masing diukur panjang cagak, bobot individu, bobot gonad dan penetapan TKG. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis untuk menentukan TKG, IKG dan proporsi matang gonad. Hasil penelitian diperoleh panjang cagak berkisar antara 26-55 cm dengan rata-rata 38 cm dan didominasi kelas panjang 28 cm. Tingkat kematangan gonad ikan didominasi oleh TKG III (38%), kemudian diikuti oleh TKG II (26%), TKG I (22%) dan TKG IV (14%). Rata-rata indeks kematangan gonad sebesar 0,558 dengan kisaran 0,009-5,075. Proporsi Panjang matang gonad 50% dan 95% berturut-turut adalah 48,4 cm dan 55,7 cm. Perlu dilakukan pengaturan penangkapan sehingga 50% ikan yang tertangkap sudah pernah memijah.

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9

CHIOU, Wann-Duen, and Liang-Kang LEE. "Migration of kawakawa Euthynnus affinis in the waters near Taiwan." Fisheries Science 70, no. 5 (October 2004): 746–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2004.00867.x.

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10

Vandergoes, Marcus. "Refining the age of the Kawakawa/Oruanui tephra in New Zealand." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1781.

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11

Hamed, Hamed, Saad Abo El-soad, Nesma Mokhtar, and Marry Ayob. "Some studies on plerocercoid of Schistocephalus sp. affecting Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) fish." Egyptian Veterinary Medical Society of Parasitology Journal (EVMSPJ) 12, no. 5 (December 1, 2016): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/evmspj.2016.37197.

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12

MANABE, RYOTARO. "5. Development of aquaculture technologies for the kawakawa Euthynnus affinis." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 85, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.wa2597-6.

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13

Campbell, I. B. "New occurrences and distribution of Kawakawa Tephra in South Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 29, no. 4 (October 1986): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1986.10422164.

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14

Butts, Christine A., John W. van Klink, Nigel I. Joyce, Gunaranjan Paturi, Duncan I. Hedderley, Sheridan Martell, and Dawn Harvey. "Composition and safety evaluation of tea from New Zealand kawakawa (Piper excelsum)." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 232 (March 2019): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.029.

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15

Hidayat, Thomas, Endah Febrianti, and Yoke Hani Restiangsih. "POLA DAN MUSIM PEMIJAHAN IKAN TONGKOL KOMO (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1850) DI LAUT JAWA." BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap 8, no. 2 (January 13, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.8.2.2016.101-108.

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Ikan tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis, Cantor 1850) merupakan salah satu jenis kelompok ikan pelagis besar yang banyak didaratkan oleh armada jarring insang dan pukat cincin di Tegal. Tersedianya data dan informasi tentang pola dan musim pemijahan merupakan bagian dari pengetahuan yang diperlukan untuk mengetahui status sumberdaya bagi upaya pengelolaanya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendapatkan pola dan musim pemijahan ikan tongkol komo di Laut Jawa khususnya di pantai Tegal dan sekitarnya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Desember 2012 di tempat pendaratan ikan kota Tegal, Jawa Tengah. Pendugaan pola pemijahan berdasarkan pengamatan sebaran frekuensi diameter telur sedangkan pendugaan musim pemijahan menggunakan pendekatan Indeks Kematangan Gonad (IKG) atau Gonado somatic index (GSI) bulanan. Analisis data oseanografi khususnya suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan konsentrasi klorofil-a berdasarkan citra satelit Aqua Modis digunakan sebagai data dukung musim pemijahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pemijahan tongkol komo di Laut Jawa memiliki strategi reproduksi beberapa kali memijah (partial spawner). Fekunditas berkisar antara 225.760-2.601500 telur. Musim pemijahan terjadi pada Juni-Agustus dimana konsentrasi klorofil-a tinggi.Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis, Cantor 1850) is one of large pelagic species group caught by drift gill nets and purse seine fisheries in the Java Sea. The information of spawning characteristics is crucial for fisheries management. This research aims to determine the spawning strategy of kawakawa in the Java Sea mainly in Tegal and adjacent waters. Observation has been conducted during February-December 2012 in Tegal, Central Java. The estimation the spawning season determined by using Gonad somatic index (GSI) and investigated with profiling oceanographic data on sea surface temperature (SST) and concentration of chlorophyll-a derived from Aqua Modis satellite imagery. The results showed the reproductive strategy of kawakawa in the Java Sea is partial spawner. Fecundity ranged between 225,760-2,601,500 eggs and the spawning season occurs in June-August where concentrations of chlorophyll-a high.

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16

Mew, G., J. L. Hunt, P. C. Froggatt, D. N. Eden, and R. J. Jackson. "An occurrence of Kawakawa Tephra from the Grey River valley, South Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 29, no. 3 (July 1986): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1986.10422154.

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17

Amri, Khairul, Fajar Alfina Nora, Dwi Ernaningsih, and Thomas Hidayat. "REPRODUKSI DAN MUSIM PEMIJAHAN TONGKOL KOMO (Euthynnus affinis) BERDASARKAN MONSUN DAN SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT DI SAMUDERA HINDIA SELATAN JAWA-NUSA TENGGARA." BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap 10, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.10.2.2018.155-167.

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Samudera Hindia di sebelah Selatan Jawa merupakan salah satu habitat penting bagi ikan pelagis jenis tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis). Keberadaan stok ikan di perairan ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh proses oseanografi yang berlangsung di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aspek reproduksi dan dugaan musim pemijahan tongkol komo di selatan Jawa berdasarkan monsun dan suhu permukaan laut (SPL). Sebanyak 152 ekor contoh ikan dan gonad diperoleh dari 3 lokasi pendaratan ikan yaitu Palabuhanratu, Sendang Biru dan Tanjung Luar pada tahun 2013. Analisa sampel gonad dilakukan tahun 2014 di Laboratorium Biologi, Balai Riset Perikanan Laut. Data Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) diunduh dari Citra Satelit Aqua MODIS level-3, situs resmi NASA tahun 2012-2013. Hubungan antar parameter dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan musim pemijahan berlangsung antara Mei-Oktober bersamaan dengan musim timur sampai dengan musim peralihan II, dimana durasi di perairan selatan Jawa lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan perairan lainnya. Fase matang gonad (Tingkat Kematangan Gonad IV) betina sebanyak 55% dan gonad jantan sebanyak 40% diperoleh pada bulan Juli. Berikutnya, pada bulan Oktober sekitar 11% sampel gonad ikan betina sudah memijah (spent). Fekunditas tertinggi dan diameter telur terbesar sebagai indikator pemijahan, ditemukan pada Musim Timur dan Musim Peralihan II, bersamaan dengan terjadinya upwelling di perairan selatan Jawa yang ditandai dengan nilai sebaran suhu permukaan laut (SPL) rendah. Terdapat kesamaan waktu antara puncak musim pemijahan dengan puncak musim penangkapan ikan tongkol komo di perairan selatan Jawa.Indian Ocean South off Java-Nusa Tenggara as an important habitat of pelagic fish, kawa-kawa (Euthynnus affinis). The fish stocks in those areas affected by oceanographical prosessed. This study aimed to analyze the reproduction aspects and spawning prediction of kawakawa and its relation with monsoon and sea surface temperature (SST) conditions. Gonad samples were obtained from 3 fish landing sites at Palabuhanratu, Sendang Biru and Tanjung Luar in 2013. Analysis of 152 fishes and gonad samples were conducted in 2014 at Biology Laboratory of Research Institute for Marine Fisheries. SST data was taken from Aqua MODIS satellite imagery level 3 (2012-2013), downloaded from the NASA website. The analysis is done descriptively. The results showed that spawning season of kawakawa occurs in May-October (east monsoon to transitional monsoon II), its duration was longer than in other waters. Based on the gonad maturity stages, gonad mature (stage IV) found to be dominant in July (east monsoon), which is 55% female and 40% of male gonad samples. Based on the GSI value, spawning peak season occurred in September (transitional monsoon II) and a month later (October) about 11% of female fish gonad samples showed an indication of spawning (spent). The highest fecundity with the largest egg dimater range as spawning indicator was found in east monsoon to transitional monsoon II. Spawning season of kawakawa occurs along with upwelling events in these waters, with lowest SST. The peak of the spawning season and the fishing season was happened in the same time

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Khoa, Tran Nguyen Duy, Oki Hayasaka, Hideaki Matsui, Viliame Waqalevu, Akinobu Honda, Kentaro Nakajima, Hirofumi Yamashita, Manabu Ishikawa, Kazuhiro Shiozaki, and Tomonari Kotani. "Changes in early digestive tract morphology, enzyme expression and activity of Kawakawa tuna (Euthynnus affinis)." Aquaculture 530 (January 2021): 735935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735935.

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19

Almond, Peter C. "Paleoclimate reconstruction during the 8w (Kawakawa Tephra) time slice of the New Zealand Climate Event Stratigraphy." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.065.

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20

Taheri, Ali, and Anahita Bakhshizadeh G. "Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitory Activities of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) Protein Hydrolysate Produced by Skipjack Tuna Pepsin." Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 29, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2019.1707924.

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21

Smith, Carol. "Paleosols at the Kawakawa tephra isochron: their use in paleoenvironmental reconstruction for northern South Island, New Zealand." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1506.

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22

Kaino, L. "‘There's something special about this little town': cultural identity and the legacy of Hundertwasser in Kawakawa, New Zealand." Continuum 28, no. 1 (November 11, 2013): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2013.854864.

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23

Wilson, C. J. N., V. R. Switsur, and A. P. Ward. "A new 14C age for the Oruanui (Wairakei) eruption, New Zealand." Geological Magazine 125, no. 3 (May 1988): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800010232.

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AbstractThe Oruanui eruption was the largest known outburst of Taupo volcano, New Zealand, and is among the larger Quaternary eruptions documented. The eruption deposits are variously known as the Oruanui, Wairakei, Kawakawa Tephra, or Aokautere Ash formations, and represent a bulk volume probably exceeding 500 km3. Four new 14C age determinations on carbonized vegetation in the non-welded Oruanui ignimbrite are combined to give a conventional age of 22590±230 yr b.p. Compared with the previously accepted figure of 20000 yr b.p., this new age resolves the anomaly of apparently older 14C ages being obtained from a demonstrably younger New Zealand deposit, and strengthens correlation of this eruption with an Antarctic ice-core acid anomaly. The trace of this eruption has great potential as a time-plane marker in the Antarctic just prior to the last glacial maximum. The close similarity in ages between the Oruanui and a comparable sized eruption (Ito/Aira-Tn) in Japan suggests that this period of activity may represent the best chance of resolving any linkages between large-scale explosive silicic volcanism and climate changes.

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Wujdi, Arief, Hety Hartaty, and Bram Setyadji. "ESTIMASI PARAMETER POPULASI DAN RASIO POTENSI PEMIJAHAN TONGKOL KOMO (Euthynnus affinis, Cantor 1849) DI PERAIRAN SELATAN LOMBOK." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 26, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.26.2.2020.93-107.

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Tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekonomis tinggi perikanan tuna neritik, terutama bagi armada tuna skala kecil. Seiring dengan meningkatnya intensitas penangkapan pada satu dekade terakhir, diperlukan kajian kuantitatif terkait keberlangsungan stok. Akan tetapi, minimnya data yang tersedia pada perikanan jenis ini merupakan tantangan terbesar dalam melakukan usaha pengelolaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga parameter populasi dan rasio potensi pemijahan (SPR) berbasis ukuran panjang, sebagai titik acuan biologis kondisi stok dalam menghadapi tekanan penangkapan. Total 1.321 data ukuran panjang dikumpulkan secara acak setiap bulan selama Januari hingga Desember 2016 di Tanjung Luar. Parameter populasi meliputi pertumbuhan, kematian, rekrutmen, dan laju pemanfaatan diestimasi dengan metode ELEFAN. Analisis SPR juga dilakukan dengan melibatkan parameter reproduksi yang disintesis dari penelitian sebelumnya dengan paket LB-SPR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula pertumbuhan von Bertalanffy diekspresikan dengan persamaan Lt = 85,0 (1-e-0,7 (t+0,173)). Meskipun rata-rata sampel tongkol komo diprediksi telah matang gonad/memijah (SL50>L50), namun sumberdaya tongkol komo mengalami tekanan yang tergolong tinggi dan mengganggu rekrutmen individu baru ke dalam stok yang diindikasikan dengan parameter lainnya seperti rasio mortalitas penangkapan relatif (F/M) = 2,15, laju eksploitasi (E) = 0,68, dan SPR = 23%. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penyusunan pengelolaan yang efektif untuk kelestarian perikanan. Eastern little tuna or commercially known as kawakawa is listed as one of the most economically important species of neritic tuna, especially caught by small-scale tuna fisheries. Increasing fishing pressure in the last decade should be responded by a quantitative analysis on its stock. The problem arises when this typical fishery usually possesses limited time-series data. This study intended to estimate population parameters and spawning potential ratio (SPR) as a biological reference point to state the healthiness of fishery corresponding to the fishing pressure around coastal areas. A total of 1,321 length measurement data were randomly sampled monthly from January to December 2016 in Tanjung Luar. Population parameters including growth, mortality, recruitment, and exploitation rate were estimated by applying the ELEFAN method. SPR analysis was also carried out by involving reproduction parameters synthesized from previous studies using the LBSPR package. The results showed that the von Bertalanffy growth functions were expressed by the equation Lt = 85.0 (1-e-0.7(t + 0.173)). Although the majority of kawakawa was predicted in maturity as indicated by SL50>L50, high exploitation has occurred to the fishery that can be interfered the recruitment to the stock, as confirmed by other parameters, such as relative fishing mortality (F/M) = 2.15, exploitation rate (E) = 0.68, and SPR = 23%. Hence, the establishment of appropriate management strategies is needed to aim fishery sustainability.

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Vandergoes, Marcus J., Alan G. Hogg, David J. Lowe, Rewi M. Newnham, George H. Denton, John Southon, David J. A. Barrell, et al. "A revised age for the Kawakawa/Oruanui tephra, a key marker for the Last Glacial Maximum in New Zealand." Quaternary Science Reviews 74 (August 2013): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.006.

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Carter, Lionel, Campbell S. Nelson, Helen L. Neil, and Paul C. Froggatt. "Correlation, dispersal, and preservation of the Kawakawa Tephra and other late Quaternary tephra layers in the Southwest Pacific Ocean." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 38, no. 1 (March 1995): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1995.9514637.

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Amri, Khairul, and Fayakun Satria. "IMPACT OF CLIMATE ANOMALY ON CATCH COMPOSITION OF NERITIC TUNA IN SUNDA STRAIT." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.19.2.2013.61-72.

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Tongkol komo/kawakawa (<em>Euthynnus affinis</em>) and tenggiri (<em>Scomberomerus guttatus</em>) are commonly caught by mini purseiners operated in Sunda Straits and landed in Labuan, West Java. This species inhabits coastal water and has preference staying in relatively warm water. Oceanography parameters commonly influencing the distribution of Euthynnus affinis are temperature, current, and salinity. The oceanography of Sunda Strait is influenced by water masses coming from the north that mainly originated from the Java Sea and water masses from the south mainly originated from Indian Ocean. The internal oceanography of Sunda Strait is also influenced by upwelling and monsoon as regional climate anomaly (ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole Mode). This paper describes the influence of Dipole Mode (positive and negative event) and ENSO (El- Nino/La-Nina) to the catch dynamics of neritic tuna particularly in Sunda Straits waters. The results shown that regional climate anomaly influenced neritic tuna catch and its composition. The catches Euthynnus affinis in phase negative dipole mode or La-Nina were higher and dominated the catch composition of pelagic fishes of Sunda Strait. Similar situation also is showen by Scomberomorus commerson.

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Johnson, M. G., and A. R. Tamatamah. "Length Frequency Distribution, Mortality Rate and Reproductive Biology of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis-Cantor, 1849) in the Coastal Waters of Tanzania." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 16, no. 21 (October 15, 2013): 1270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.1270.1278.

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Octoriani, Widyanti, Achmad Fahrudin, and Menofatria Boer. "LAJU EKSPLOITASI SUMBER DAYA IKAN YANG TERTANGKAP PUKAT CINCIN DI SELAT SUNDA (Exploitation Rate of Fisheries Resources which Caught by Purse seine in Sunda Strait)." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 6, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.6.1.69-76.

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ABSTRACT<br />Sunda Strait is waters which have great fishery potential in Indonesia. Catches of the Sunda Strait were landed in Pandeglang Regency, one of which is in the Coastal Fishing Port (PPP) Labuan. Purse seine is fishing gear with the highest production in Sunda Strait. Species targets of purse seine are Fringescale sardinella, Mackerel, Short mackerel, Indian mackerel, Kawakawa, and Indian scad. The high price of the fish lead purse seine operation continuously. Increasing purse seine operation can lead to the scarcity fishery resources. Therefore, a study about fish exploitation rate is needed to know the utilization status. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exploitation rate of multispesies fisheries which caught by purse seine in Sunda Strait based on catch data landed data in PPP Labuan. This study used the ELEFAN I methods and Pauly formula. The result showed that the exploitation rate of fish resources for female and male fringescale sardinella are 0,79 and 0,70; Island mackerel are 0,78 and 0,60; short mackerel are 0,85 and 0,88; Indian mackerel are 0,80 and 0,83; kawakawa are 0,95 and 0,90; Indian scad are 0,75 and 0,62. Nowadays, all fish which caught by purse seine in the Sunda Strait has been indicated to over-exploitation.<br /><br />Keywords: exploitation rate, pelagic fish, purse seine, Sunda strait<br />------<br /><br />ABSTRAK<br /><br />Selat Sunda merupakan perairan yang memiliki potensi perikanan yang cukup besar di Indonesia. Hasil tangkapan ikan dari Selat Sunda didaratkan di Kabupaten Pandeglang, salah satunya adalah di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Labuan. Pukat cincin merupakan alat tangkap dengan produksi paling banyak di Selat Sunda. Spesies yang merupakan target tangkapan pukat cincin yaitu tembang, kembung, kembung perempuan, kembung laki-laki, tongkol, dan layang. Harga jual ikan yang tinggi menyebabkan pengoperasian pukat cincin terus ditingkatkan. Pengoperasian pukat cincin yang terus meningkat dapat menyebabkan kelangkaan terhadap sumber daya perikanan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai laju eksploitasi sumber daya ikan agar diketahui status pemanfaatannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi laju eksploitasi multispesies yang tertangkap pukat cincin di Selat Sunda berdasarkan data tangkapan yang didaratkan di PPP Labuan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode ELEFAN I dan rumus Pauly. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa laju eksploitasi sumber daya ikan berturut-turut betina dan jantan spesies tembang sebesar 0,79 dan 0,70; kembung 0,78 dan 0,60; kembung laki-laki 0,85 dan 0,88; kembung perempuan 0,80 dan 0,83; tongkol 0,95 dan 0,90; layang 0,75 dan 0,62. Saat ini kondisi semua ikan hasil tangkapan dominan pukat cincin di Selat Sunda telah mengalami tangkap lebih.<br /><br />Kata kunci: ikan pelagis, pukat cincin, laju eksploitasi, Selat Sunda

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MacDonald, F., D. Hartnett, D. Ward, and G. Walker. "Biocontrol agent risk assessment: A surprise find ..." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 26, 2017): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.79.

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A Better Border Biosecurity (B3)-funded project investigating the interactions between the self-introduced generalist hymenopteran parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis and native parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae throughout Auckland involved three years of eld work. The last eld trip was to Te Hauturu-o-Toi (Little Barrier Island) in December 2016 to survey some of the least-modi ed native forest in the North Island. Forty Cleora scriptaria moth larvae were collected by hand from Piper excelsum (kawakawa) host plants into ziplock bags, with a small amount of leaf material to support feeding. They were transported to the laboratory and reared to fate in a temperature-controlled room. Of the 40 larvae collected, twelve were parasitised by M. pulchricornis. This is the rst record of M. pulchricornis from Te Hauturu-o-Toi. In addition, nine larvae were parasitised by an undescribed parasitoid (Casinaria sp. 3). This new species may be endemic only to Te Hauturu-o-Toi, but it may have been out-competed on the more modi ed habitat of mainland Auckland, and found refuge in a more pristine environment. Further surveys of island and mainland parasitoid complexes would provide better baseline risk-assessment data prior to border invasions or importing biocontrol agents.

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Elliott, NG, and RD Ward. "Genetic relationships of eight species of Pacific tunas (Teleostei: Scombridae) inferred from allozyme analysis." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 7 (1995): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9951021.

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A phylogenetic analysis of eight species of Pacific tunas was made after examining allozyme variation at 23 muscle and liver enzymes encoded by 35 loci. The eight species of tuna were: Thunnus alalunga, albacore; T. obesus, bigeye; T. thynnus orientalis, northern bluefin; T. maccoyii, southern bluefin; T. albacares, yellowfin; Auxis thazard, frigate; Euthynnus affiizii kawakawa; Katsuwonus pelamis, skipjack. All species except the northern bluefin were also examined for variation at three eye-specific loci. The average heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.038 (frigate) to 0.070 (bigeye). Genetic relationships were examined on the basis of the 35 loci screened in all species. Genetic identities among the five Thunnus species were high, averaging 0.864 and ranging from 0.788 to 0.923. Whereas the albacore appeared to be the most divergent of the Thunnus species (mean identity to other Thunnus species of 0.825, range 0.788-0.452), there was little differentiation between yellowfin, southern bluefin and northern bluefin tunas (mean identity 0.905, range 0.892-0.923), and phylogenetic analyses failed to resolve the branch order among the Thunnus species. The non-Thunnus tunas were quite divergent both from one another and from Thunnus species (mean identity 0.358, range 0.280-0.606). Diagnostic allozyme loci were identified, allowing the discrimination of all species.

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Dewar, H., and J. Graham. "STUDIES OF TROPICAL TUNA SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN A LARGE WATER TUNNEL - ENERGETICS." Journal of Experimental Biology 192, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.192.1.13.

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The metabolic rates (V(dot)O2) of three tropical tunas [yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis)] were estimated using a large water-tunnel respirometer. Experiments lasting up to 31 h were used to determine the effects of velocity (U) on tuna V(dot)O2 over a range of U (17-150 cm s-1) and temperatures (1830°C). Replicate tests were carried out on several fish. The swimming V(dot)O2 of yellowfin is temperature-dependent (Q10=1.67, determined over intervals of 35°C). For yellowfin and skipjack, it was also possible to partition metabolic costs between maintenance and locomotion. The standard metabolic rate (SV(dot)O2) was estimated by extrapolation of the U/V(dot)O2 function to U=0. Comparisons of SV(dot)O2 for different size groups of yellowfin show that the mass-specific scaling exponent for V(dot)O2 is -0.40. The SV(dot)O2 of tuna is comparable to values determined previously by stasis respirometry and is approximately three times higher than that of salmonids. Further comparisons with salmonids show that the slope of the U/V(dot)O2 function is less for tunas, which demonstrate a greater swimming efficiency.

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Leckie, H. D., and P. C. Almond. "Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on 137Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra." Soil Research 53, no. 1 (2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13312.

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Many authors have reported significant soil erosion resulting from the grazing of sheep, rabbit plagues and invasion of the exotic Hawkweed (Hieracium sp.) in the sub humid alpine region of Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand. In the present study, we investigated the soil redistribution of four study plots with varying vegetation depletion over historic (54 years) and long (25 ka) time scales. Historic soil loss, quantified by bomb fallout 137Cs, under plots of depleted short tussock and herbfield vegetation was no more than the adjacent undisturbed reference plot of red tussock (Chionochloa rubra). This indicates the present landscape characterised by soil and vegetation degradation is not due to erosion since 1953. There is no evidence from the present study to suggest that establishment and rapid invasion of Hieracium sp. and major periodic rabbit plagues have accelerated soil erosion over the past 54 years. By contrast, low topsoil thickness under Hieracium sp. indicates that Hieracium sp. is colonising bare ground and may have, at least in the short-term, a stabilising effect. Long-term soil loss was quantified by the profile distribution of volcanic glass originating from Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra (KOT). The peak concentration, and hence the tephra’s 25.4 ka isochron, occurred at a depth of 70–85 cm at the reference plot. The degraded plots showed significant decreases in glass concentration and depth to peak concentration with progressively shallower soils and vegetation depletion. This equated to a minimum erosion rate averaged over the past ~25.4 k years of 0.020 mm year–1 in the most eroded plot. The extent of bare ground and topsoil thickness were poor indicators of soil erosion status. The tephra results show a potentially long history of soil erosion that has predisposed soil and vegetation degradation within the European era.

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Kumar, Girish, Swaraj Priyaranjan Kunal, Maria Rosalia Menezes, and Ram Murti Meena. "Single genetic stock of kawakawa Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) along the Indian coast inferred from sequence analyses of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region." Conservation Genetics 13, no. 4 (May 3, 2012): 1119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0359-5.

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Pillans, Brad, Matt McGlone, Alan Palmer, Dallas Mildenhall, Brent Alloway, and Glenn Berger. "The last glacial maximum in central and southern North Island, New Zealand: a paleoenvironmental reconstruction using the Kawakawa Tephra Formation as a chronostratigraphic marker." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 101, no. 3-4 (April 1993): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(93)90020-j.

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Suryaman, Eva, Mennofatria Boer, Luky Adrianto, and Lilis Sadiyah. "ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS DAN SUSEPTIBILITAS PADA TUNA NERITIK DI PERAIRAN PELABUHANRATU." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 23, no. 1 (May 26, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.23.1.2017.19-28.

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Pada perikanan tuna, tuna neritik merupakan kelompok ikan yang dominan tertangkap pada perikanan pantai, termasuk perikanan skala kecil dan bersifat artisanal. Penangkapan ikan tuna neritik di perairan Palabuhanratu yang semakin intensif setiap tahunnya tanpa didasari pengelolaan yang tepat, diduga akan mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan stok sumberdaya ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa keberlanjutan spesies neritik tuna menggunakan analisis produktivitas dan suseptibilitas / Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis (PSA). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari Februari hingga Mei 2016 di perairan Palabuhanratu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai kerentanan tuna neritik berturut-turut untuk ikan tenggiri 1.25, tongkol krai 1.37, tongkol abu-abu 0.91, tongkol komo 1.49, dan tongkol lisong 1.41. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kerentanan ikan tuna neritik terhadap overfishing saat ini masih rendah karena nilainya masih dibawah 1,8, sehingga aktivitas penangkapan masih dapat ditingkatkan terutama untuk ikan tenggiri dan tongkol abu-abu yang memiliki kerentanan terendah.Neritic tuna are mainly caught by coastal fisheries, including small scale fisheries and artisanal fisheries. The continuous absence of proper management for neritic tuna, will result in a decline in the stock of fish. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of neritic tuna species by analyzing the productivity and susceptibility (PSA). The research was conducted from February to May 2016 in Palabuhanratu waters. Vulnerability indexs for narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) 1.25, frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) 1.37, longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) 0.91, kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) 1.49, and bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) 1.41. These vulnerability indexs shows that level of vulnerability for overfishing for neritic tuna is low because the vulnerability index still below the maximum limit vulnerability index (1.8), fishing activities can still be increased, particularly for narrowbarred Spanish mackerel and longtail tuna that has the lowest vurnerability.

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Jatmiko, Irwan, Ririk Kartika Sulistyaningsih, and Duto Nugroho. "LAJU PERTUMBUHAN, LAJU KEMATIAN DAN EKSPLOITASI IKAN TONGKOL KOMO, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor 1849), DI PERAIRAN SAMUDERA HINDIA BARAT SUMATERA." BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.6.2.2014.69-76.

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Tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849)merupakan hasil tangkapan utama bagi nelayan pukat cincin di Samudera Hindia sebelah barat Sumatera. Penelitian ditujukan untukmemperoleh data dan informasi tentang estimasi laju pertumbuhan, laju kematian dan laju eksploitasi ikan tongkol komo. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan himpunan data frekuensi panjang cagak sebanyak 1.325 ekor hasil tangkapan pukat cincin yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Sibolga. Contoh ikan dikumpulkan secara bulanan dari bulan Juli 2012 hingga Februari 2013. Pendugaan parameter dilakukan menggunakan program FISAT II (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools). Hasil kajian menunjukkan kisaran panjang cagak antara 30 - 60 cm, panjang asimptotik (L∞)= 63,5 cm, laju pertumbuhan(K) = 0,63/tahun dan umur teoritis pada saat panjang ke 0 ( t0 ) = -0,21 tahun. Estimasi laju kematian total tahunan (Z) sebesar 2,40/tahun, laju kematian alami (M) sebesar 1,07/tahun dan laju kematian akibat penangkapan(F) sebesar 1,33/tahun. Perkiraan Laju eksploitasi (E) = 0,55 mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat pemanfaatan berada pada tingkat yang moderat.Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) is the one of the major catch of fishermen in the Indian Ocean west off Sumatera. This study was aimed to investigate data and information on growth, mortality and the exploitation rates of kawakawa. Analyses were carried out based on a number of 1,325 length frequency data from purse seine fishery landed in Sibolga Fishing Port. Monthly base data were collected from July 2012 to February 2013. The specimens ranged from 30 to 60 cm FL. parameters were determined through a packageprogramof FISAT II (FAO-ICLARM StockAssessment Tools). The result showed that asymptotic length (L∞) were 63.5 cmFL, growth rates (K) 0.63/yr and estimated t0 -0.21 years. The annual instantaneous rate of total mortality (Z) was 2.40/yr, the natural mortality (M) was 1.07/yr and the fishing mortality (F) was 1.33/yr. The exploitation rate (E = 0.55) indicated that E. affinis was moderately exploited in the area.

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Asrial, Evron, Erwin Rosadi, Hamid Hamid, Muhammad Ichsan, Ruly Isfatul Khasanah, Naning Dwi Sulystyaningsih, Agustin Dwi Sumiwi, and Najiah Khalisah. "Growth and Population Parameters of Panulirus penicillatus and Panulirus homarus in Labangka Tidal Waters, Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i2.21486.

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HighlightUtilization, Growth, and Population of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei Risso 1810) in Indian Ocean Southern Sumbawa (2020)Eligibility Status Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) from Lombok Strait and Indian Ocean Southern Sumbawa (2020)Biological Aspect of Parent Candidate of White-spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) from Serewe Bay, Lombok Timur District (2020)Study of Sustainability in Management of Malabar Blood Snapper Fisheries in the Indian Ocean Coastal Waters, Sumbawa Regency (2020)Growth Rate and Survivorship of Acropora sp. Fragments that Transplanted on the Artificial Substrate Made from Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (2020)Reproductive Biological Aspect of Panulirus penicillatus in Sumbawa Island Waters, Indonesia (2019)Fisheries Resource Status of Spiny Lobster Panulirus penicillatus in Labangka Waters, South Sumbawa, Indonesia (2019)Growth Rate of Acropora formosa Coral Fragments Transplanted on Different Composition of Faba Kerbstone Artificial Reef (2019)Agribusiness of Edible Jellyfish Crambione mastigophora in Saleh Bay, NTB: Implementation of Sustainable Fisheries (2019)AbstractThe Labangka tidal waters, located south of Sumbawa Regency are the habitat and potential fishing ground for lobsters. The dominant species caught by the Labangka fishermen are the Panulirus penicillatus and P. homarus. Fishing pressure is one of the greatest factor influencing the biological and stock condition of lobsters in Labangka. The aim of this study is to determine the key attributes in growth and population parameters. Some attributes whose values are relatively stable compared to that of 2015, consist of conditional factors such as (old age), growth pattern (hypoallometric), growth coefficient (slow growth), exploitation rate (overexploited), and fishing rate (excessive fishing). While, attributes that have improved are carapace length at first capture (CLc) longer than 50% carapace length of infinity (0.5CL∞) and CL rate (CLc/0.5CL∞) reaching more than 1.00 (CLR > 1.00). In implementing sustainable management of spiny lobster for fishery resources, improvisation is needed in place of catching technologies. One of the recommendation is to add more fishing vessel (Lboat > 17.0 m) equipped with engines that are able to reach potential fishing ground in the west waters of Cemplung beach, Labangka.

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Jones, D. R., R. W. Brill, and P. G. Bushnell. "VENTRICULAR AND ARTERIAL DYNAMICS OF ANAESTHETISED AND SWIMMING TUNA." Journal of Experimental Biology 182, no. 1 (September 1, 1993): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.182.1.97.

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Cardiovascular dynamics of tuna have been investigated by recording blood pressures and flows in the central circulation of both anaesthetised and swimming individuals. In anaesthetised fish (N=5), heart rate averaged 112+/−21 beats min-1 (mean +/− s.e.) and stroke volume was 0.67+/−0.24 ml kg-1 when normoxic water flowed over the gills. Ventricular diastolic pressure was zero until atrial contraction filled the ventricle. Ventral aortic pressures were high (mean 12.08+/−1.15 kPa), and blood flow was continuous in the ventral aorta throughout diastole. Dorsal aortic pressure (mean 6.3+/−1.28 kPa; N=4) and flow were both pulsatile. Pressure pulsatility (pulse pressure as a proportion of mean pressure) was about one-quarter of flow pulsatility, indicating considerable compliance in the dorsal aortic circulation. Total peripheral resistance averaged 0.17+/−0.4 kPa ml-1 kg-1 min-1 of which gill resistance averaged 48+/−15 % (N=4). For the ventral aorta, impedance modulus fell markedly from the mean value and then declined more gradually towards zero with increasing harmonic frequencies. Impedance phase was negative (−0.8 to −1.1 rad) meaning that flow leads pressure at all harmonics. In swimming yellowfin tuna (N=5), heart rate averaged 108.8+/−12.1 beats min-1 and mean ventral and dorsal aortic pressures were 11.6+/−0.5 and 6.8+/−1.2 kPa, respectively, so gill resistance was 42 % of total peripheral resistance. Average stroke volume in three swimming kawakawa was 0.54+/−0.2 ml kg- 1 at a mean heart rate of 128+/−48 beats min-1. Data from swimming fish were within the range obtained from anaesthetised tuna. A simple model of the fish circulation consisting of two sets of compliant and resistive elements coupled in series (a second-order RC network) gave reasonable predictions of arterial pressure-flow relationships. Hence, we conclude that a ‘Windkessel’ dominates central cardiovascular dynamics of tuna despite heart rates and blood pressures that fall in the mammalian range.

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Lowe, David J., C. J. N. Wilson, R. M. Newnham, and A. G. Hogg. "Dating the Kawakawa/Oruanui eruption: Comment on “Optical luminescence dating of a loess section containing a critical tephra marker horizon, SW North Island of New Zealand” by R. Grapes et al." Quaternary Geochronology 5, no. 4 (August 2010): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2009.10.006.

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Scupin, Raymond. "The KJ Method: A Technique for Analyzing Data Derived from Japanese Ethnology." Human Organization 56, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.56.2.x335923511444655.

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This essay is a discussion of the KJ method developed by a Japanese ethnologist, Jiro Kawakita. A brief biography of Kawakita and the history of the KJ method is described. The KJ method was developed as a result of having difficulties in interpreting ethnographic data in Nepal. The KJ method builds upon Charles Pierce's notions of abduction and relies upon intuitive non-logical thinking processes. Kawakita's methods were developed and diffused throughout Japanese management and educational circles. Kawakita believes that his methodology has the potential of liberating humanity from the mechanistic philosophy imposed by Western Civilization. The KJ method, according to Kawakita has universal applicability and does not only conform to Japanese culture and management decision-making processes which are generally based on the group-orientation model. This simplistic group-orientation model of Japanese society is being criticized by anthropologists such as Harumi Befu. Kawakita argues that human nature is universal, and that the KJ method, as a means of decision-making can be utilized in all societies throughout the world to implement social and economic development.

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Kawakami, Hinako. "The impact of collaboration between modern Japanese artists and Eileen Gray on European art." Impact 2021, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.3.92.

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Professor Hinako Kawakami, Department of Living and Environmental Design, Setsunan University, Japan, is investigating the life and works of Designer-Architect Eileen Gray. Gray pioneered the Modern Movement in architecture and Kawakami is exploring her background and design motivations, which involves looking at the artists who inspired Gray, including Japanese artist Seizo Sugawara who was a mentor to Gray. Kawakami's interest in Gray was sparked when she was an architecture student and became interested in Gray's work and influences. Gray's designs were highly innovative and displayed awareness of the connection between space and time, as well as linking movement, line of sight, and the human mind and body. For example, her buildings changed with the movement of the wind and sunlight. One of the elements of Gray's work that Kawakami is exploring is how Japanese lacquer art techniques and creative philosophy learned from Sugawara featured in Gray's designs. Kawakami is unravelling the mysteries of Sugawara, including early details of his life and career and his relationship with Gray, which is helping her to better understand the concepts and processes behind Gray's work.

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Richardson, Susan B. "Toyo Suyemoto (Kawakami)—1916-2003." Amerasia Journal 30, no. 2 (January 2004): iii—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/amer.30.2.g77l0uwqm58rl860.

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Yagi, Kiichiro. "Sugihara Shiro on Kawakami Hajime." History of Economic Thought 54, no. 2 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5362/jshet.54.2_1.

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Yoshio, Hitomi. "An Interview with Mieko Kawakami." Wasafiri 35, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2020.1721115.

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Cooke, Dervila. "Patrick Modiano. By Akane Kawakami." French Studies 71, no. 2 (March 3, 2017): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knx038.

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Tse, Frances, Yuhong Yuan, Paul Moayyedi, and Grigorios Leontiadis. "Reply to Kawakami et al." Endoscopy 46, no. 02 (January 29, 2014): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1358952.

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Dörner, Günter. "Obituary for Professor Masazumi Kawakami." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 81, no. 03 (July 17, 2009): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1210247.

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Widodo, Agustinus Anung, Fayakun Satria, and Lilis Sadiyah. "STATUS PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN TUNA NERITIK DI SAMUDERA HINDIA WPP 572 DAN 573." Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.6.1.2014.23-28.

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<p>Dalam rangka mendeskripsikan status pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya tuna neritik di perairan Samudera Hindia (WPP 572 dan 573) telah dilakukan analisis terhadap informasi tentang jenis dan produksi tuna neritik yang disajikan dalam Statistik Perikanan Tangkap di Laut Menurut WPP tahun 2005-2012 (DJPT, 2013) serta data hasil penelitian berbasis di PPS Cilacap dan PPN Sibolga tahun 2011. Rekomendasi ‘working party’ tentang tuna neritik dari IOTC dikaji sebagai langkah pengelolaan perikanan tuna neritik di Indonesia. Hasil analisis dan kajian menunjukkan bahwa sumberdaya ikan tuna neritik yang tertangkap nelayan Indonesia di perairan WPP 572 dan 573 meliputi tongkol lisong (<em>Auxis rochei</em>), tongkol krai (<em>Auxis thazard</em>), tongkol komo atau kawakawa (<em>Euthynnus affinis</em>) dan tongkol abu-abu (<em>Thunnus tonggol</em>). Tuna neritik tertangkap sebagai by-product dari pukat cincin, jaring insang hanyut, pancing tonda, pancing ulur dan bagan. Tahun 2011 produksi neritik tuna di Samudera Hindia khususnya WPP 572 dan 573 mencapai 121.818 ton atau 29,4% dari total produksi tuna neritik nasional. Tuna neritik jenis tongkol lisong dan krai yang tertangkap jaring insang hanyut yang berbasis di Cilacap > 70% merupakan ikan yang telah dewasa. Adapun tongkol komo yang tertangkap pukat cincin yang berbasis di Sibolga sekitar 55,5% merupakan ikan dewasa. Belum ada langkah-langkah pengelolaan secara spesifik terhadap sumberdaya tuna neritik di Indonesia. Merujuk hasil Working Party on Neritic Tuna pertama dan kedua tahun 2011 dan 2012, Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) merekomendasikan adanya kerjasama antar negara anggota IOTC yang saling berdekatan didalam melakukan pengelolaan sumberdaya neritik tuna. Langkah pertama adalah dilakukan perelitian mengenai populasi melalui studi mtDNA untuk memastikan status stok dan populasinya.</p><p> </p><p>The species of neritic tuna caught by fishers in the Indian Ocean particularly FMAs 572 and 573 consisted of frigate tuna (<em>Auxis thazard</em>), bullet tuna (<em>Auxis rochei</em>), longtail tuna (<em>Thunnus tonggol</em>) and kawa-kawa/eastern little tuna (<em>Euthynnus affinis</em>). These species are by-product of purse seine, drifting gillnet, trolling lines, and lift net. In 2011, production of the neritic tuna from FMAs 572 and 573 reached 121,818 mt or about 29.4% of the national production. More than 70% of catch of neritic tuna especially frigate and bullet tuna caught by drifting gillnet based at Cilacap were matured fish, and kawa-kawa caught by purse seine based at Sibolga about 55.5% of total catch was mature. There are no specific management measures for neritic tuna resources in Indonesia. First and Second IOTC Working Parties on Neritic Tuna in 2011 and 2012 recommended among IOTC’s member countries that are geographically close to each other to conduct a management collaboration of neritic tuna which begins with identifying the status of stock and population through a study mtDNA or other proper methodology.</p>

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Hopkins, Jenni L., Janine E. Bidmead, David J. Lowe, Richard J. Wysoczanski, Bradley J. Pillans, Luisa Ashworth, Andrew B. H. Rees, and Fiona Tuckett. "TephraNZ: a major- and trace-element reference dataset for glass-shard analyses from prominent Quaternary rhyolitic tephras in New Zealand and implications for correlation." Geochronology 3, no. 2 (September 23, 2021): 465–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-465-2021.

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Abstract. Although analyses of tephra-derived glass shards have been undertaken in New Zealand for nearly four decades (pioneered by Paul Froggatt), our study is the first to systematically develop a formal, comprehensive, open-access reference dataset of glass-shard compositions for New Zealand tephras. These data will provide an important reference tool for future studies to identify and correlate tephra deposits and for associated petrological and magma-related studies within New Zealand and beyond. Here we present the foundation dataset for TephraNZ, an open-access reference dataset for selected tephra deposits in New Zealand. Prominent, rhyolitic, tephra deposits from the Quaternary were identified, with sample collection targeting original type sites or reference locations where the tephra's identification is unequivocally known based on independent dating and/or mineralogical techniques. Glass shards were extracted from the tephra deposits, and major- and trace-element geochemical compositions were determined. We discuss in detail the data reduction process used to obtain the results and propose that future studies follow a similar protocol in order to gain comparable data. The dataset contains analyses of glass shards from 23 proximal and 27 distal tephra samples characterising 45 eruptive episodes ranging from Kaharoa (636 ± 12 cal yr BP) to the Hikuroa Pumice member (2.0 ± 0.6 Ma) from six or more caldera sources, most from the central Taupō Volcanic Zone. We report 1385 major-element analyses obtained by electron microprobe (EMPA), and 590 trace-element analyses obtained by laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS, on individual glass shards. Using principal component analysis (PCA), Euclidean similarity coefficients, and geochemical investigation, we show that chemical compositions of glass shards from individual eruptions are commonly distinguished by major elements, especially CaO, TiO2, K2O, and FeOtt (Na2O+K2O and SiO2/K2O), but not always. For those tephras with similar glass major-element signatures, some can be distinguished using trace elements (e.g. HFSEs: Zr, Hf, Nb; LILE: Ba, Rb; REE: Eu, Tm, Dy, Y, Tb, Gd, Er, Ho, Yb, Sm) and trace-element ratios (e.g. LILE/HFSE: Ba/Th, Ba/Zr, Rb/Zr; HFSE/HREE: Zr/Y, Zr/Yb, Hf/Y; LREE/HREE: La/Yb, Ce/Yb). Geochemistry alone cannot be used to distinguish between glass shards from the following tephra groups: Taupō (Unit Y in the post-Ōruanui eruption sequence of Taupō volcano) and Waimihia (Unit S); Poronui (Unit C) and Karapiti (Unit B); Rotorua and Rerewhakaaitu; and Kawakawa/Ōruanui, and Okaia. Other characteristics, including stratigraphic relationships and age, can be used to separate and distinguish all of these otherwise-similar tephra deposits except Poronui and Karapiti. Bimodality caused by K2O variability is newly identified in Poihipi and Tahuna tephras. Using glass-shard compositions, tephra sourced from Taupō Volcanic Centre (TVC) and Mangakino Volcanic Centre (MgVC) can be separated using bivariate plots of SiO2/K2O vs. Na2O+K2O. Glass shards from tephras derived from Kapenga Volcanic Centre, Rotorua Volcanic Centre, and Whakamaru Volcanic Centre have similar major- and trace-element chemical compositions to those from the MgVC, but they can overlap with glass analyses from tephras from Taupō and Okataina volcanic centres. Specific trace elements and trace-element ratios have lower variability than the heterogeneous major-element and bimodal signatures, making them easier to fingerprint geochemically.

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