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Janus, Edyta. "The Kawa Model in occupational therapy and its application in the rehabilitation of a mentally challenged patient." Advances in Rehabilitation 31, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0059.
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Abstract Introduction: The article aims to provide information on the Kawa Model and its application in occupational therapy. The model uses the metaphor of a river to depict a human life journey. Particular constructs connected with a river such as water, river side walls, driftwood or rocks represent elements of individuals′ social environment as well as their resources and limitations. Case study: The application of the Kawa Model in occupational therapy makes it possible to recognize and interpret the state of a patient taking into account social and cultural contexts. It also helps to structure an individual’s narration. Description: The situation of a patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia is analysed according to the presented model and shown in both graphic and descriptive versions. Conclusions: As well as analysing theoretical aspects of implementing the Kawa Model, the present study shows elements of practical applications of this concept when working with a schizophrenic patient.
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Naidoo, Ornissa, Chantal Christopher, Thanalutchmy Lingah, and Monica Moran. "The Kawa Model: A Self-Reflection Tool for Occupational Therapy Student Development in Practice Placements in Australia." Occupational Therapy International 2023 (January 12, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2768898.
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Introduction. The Kawa Model is a conceptual occupational therapy model of practice that uses the metaphor of a river as a medium to support the exploration of self, life events, and environment. In this study, the Kawa Model was used by occupational therapy students during a practice placement in a remote community setting as a tool to support learning, build self-awareness, and promote reflection on personal and professional development. Method. The study used an exploratory qualitative research design. Six student participants were purposively recruited and orientated to the use of the Kawa Model at the beginning and throughout their remote community practice placement. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data which were analysed thematically using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings. Analysis of the student transcripts revealed three overarching themes: self-awareness, the development of personal and professional skills, and working with metaphor. All students identified the model as a reflective tool that enhanced their understanding of their student selves in a remote setting. The students described the growth of various professional skills including communication, goal planning, and confidence. Whilst initially students found the metaphor challenging to fathom, throughout their placement, they found it impactful for comprehending their development of self. Conclusion. This study revealed that the students’ self-awareness and personal and professional development were influenced by their engagement with and application of the Kawa Model. Repeated engagement with the Kawa Model enhanced the students’ journey of personal and professional skill development.
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Gregg, Brian T., Dana M. Howell, Charles D. Quick, and Michael K. Iwama. "The Kawa River Model: Applying Theory to Develop Interventions for Combat and Operational Stress Control." Occupational Therapy in Mental Health 31, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 366–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0164212x.2015.1075453.
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Borshch, S. V., N. K. Semenova, Yu A. Simonov, and A. V. Khristoforov. "Short-term streamflow forecast techniques for the Kama River basin." Hydrometeorological research and forecasting 3 (September 28, 2022): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37162/2618-9631-2022-3-127-143.
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For the rivers of the Kama basin, two methods have been developed for daily short-term forecasting of average daily water discharges with a lead time of 1, 2, and 3 days. The first technique uses the HBV-96 river runoff formation conceptual model and the subsequent correction of forecasts outputs. The second technique is based on the hydrograph extrapolation method and is limited to the data of hydrological observations available by the date of the forecast. For the first technique, the expected values of the COSMO-Ru meteorological model temperature and precipitation forecasts are used for the lead-time period of the hydrological forecast. The influence of meteorological forecast errors on the accuracy of river streamflow forecasts was analyzed. The results of the verification based on an independent sample showed that, in general, both methods give a satisfactory forecast quality. The technique that uses the runoff formation model and meteorological information is slightly more accurate than the hydrograph extrapolation method, and its advantage increases with increasing forecast lead time. Keywords: Kama basin, water discharge, hydrological model, correction, extrapolation, verification, forecast quality
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Simonov, Yu A., N. K. Semenova, and A. V. Khristoforov. "A METHOD FOR SHORT-RANGE FORECASTING OF WATER DISCHARGE FOR THE KAMA RIVER BASIN BASED ON THE HBV MODEL." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, no. 6 (June 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2021-6-55-65.
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The experience of constructing a method for short-range forecasting of water discharge in the Kama River basin is described. The forecast method is based on the HBV-96 conceptual model of runoff formation in a watershed with optimized parameters, as well as on the algorithm for the correction of operational forecasts. It is shown that if the runoff formation model parameters are optimized and the forecast correction algorithm is applied, the model simulates variations in water discharge at gaging stations with high efficiency and can be used for operational short-range hydrological forecasting and for the evaluation of the hazard of expected hydrological conditions on the rivers. The implementation of the forecasting method allows obtaining water discharge forecasts for gaging stations in the Kama River basin with a lead time up to 3 days using meteorological forecasts with a corresponding lead time.
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Id'fi, Gilang. "ANALISA MODEL HIDROGRAF BANJIR KALI NGOTOK DENGAN METODE SCS, SNYDER DAN NAKAYASU." BANGUNAN 25, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um071v25i22020p1-10.
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Abstrak:Permasalahan banjir seringkali melanda wilayah DAS Kali Ngotok setiap tahun. Masalah banjir pada umumnya disebabkan oleh perubahan tata guna lahan dan penurunan fungsi sungai yang ada di wilayah DAS Kali Ngotok serta sering terjadinya back water dari sungai-sungai yang bermuara di Kali Brantas pada saat mengalami debit maksimal. Untuk itu studi perbandingan debit puncak banjir perlu dilakukan karena belum adanya penelitian mengenai pengendalian banjir. Sehingga dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis model hidrograf satuan sintetik. Metode hidrograf satuan sintetik yang digunakan adalah SCS, Snyder, dan Nakayasu. Data hujan yang digunakan adalah data hujan tahun 1998-2016 dari 14 stasiun hujan di wilayah DAS Kali Ngotok. Metode poligon Thiessen digunakan untuk mengetahui besaran hujan yang tersebar di wilayah DAS Kali Ngotok. Besaran hujan rata-rata yang turun di DAS Kali Ngotok dalam kurun waktu 1998-2016 sebesar 97.05 mm. Pada tahap pemodelan, pembagian sub catchment DAS dilakukan dengan membagi menjadi 5 sub DAS. Hasil pemodelan dengan metode SCS, Snyder, dan Nakayasu menunjukkan besaran debit untuk kala ulang 2 tahun, 5 tahun, 10 tahun, 20 tahun, 25 tahun, 50 tahun, 100 tahun, dan 200 tahun yang bervariasi. Data AWLR yang mendekati hasil pemodelan adalah data tahun 2014. Hasil kalibrasi hidrograf untuk metode SCS dengan kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 0.88, untuk metode Snyder dengan kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 0.74, dan untuk metode Nakayasu dengan kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 0.43. Dengan demikian model hidrograf SCS dengan kala ulang 25 tahun mendekati dengan model hidrograf lapangan berdasarkan data AWLR yang ada serta sesuai dengan hasil pengamatan pada saat survey penduduk.Kata-kata kunci: DAS, Kali Ngotok, SCS, Snyder, NakayasuAbstract: Flood problems often hit the Ngotok River watershed every year. The problem of flooding is generally caused by changes in land use and a decrease in river functions in the Ngotok River watershed area as well as frequent back water from rivers which empties into Brantas River when experiencing maximum discharge. For that reason a comparative study of peak flood discharge needs to be done because there is no research on flood control. So that research is conducted on the analysis of synthetic unit hydrograph models. The synthetic unit hydrograph method used is SCS, Snyder, and Nakayasu. Rainfall data used is data from 1998-2016 from 14 rain stations in the Ngotok River watershed. The Thiessen polygon method is used to determine the amount of rain scattered in the Ngotok River watershed. The average rainfall in the Ngotok River watershed in the period 1998-2016 was 97.05 mm. In the modeling phase, the sub catchment division of the watershed is carried out by dividing it into 5 sub catchments. The modeling results using the SCS, Snyder, and Nakayasu methods show the amount of discharge for the return period of 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, 25 years, 50 years, 100 years, and 200 years which varies. AWLR data approaching the modeling results are 2014 data. The hydrograph calibration results for the SCS method with a 25 year return period are 0.88, for the Snyder method with a 25 year return period of 0.74, and for the Nakayasu method with a 25 year return period of 0.43. Thus the SCS hydrograph model with a 25 year return period approaches the field hydrograph model based on the AWLR data that exists and is in accordance with the observations during the population survey.Keywords: Watershed, Ngotok River, SCS, Snyder, Nakayasu
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Borsch, S. V., R. M. Vilfand, Yu A. Simonov, and A. V. Khristoforov. "Assessment of the influence of uncertainty in meteorological elements on the error of long-term river runoff forecasts." Hydrometeorological research and forecasting 4 (December 2, 2022): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37162/2618-9631-2022-4-36-46.
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A quantitative assessment of the influence of the uncertainty in meteorological elements during the period of the lead time of long-term river runoff forecasts on their error is proposed. Examples of such assessment are given for long-term forecasts of various characteristics of the water inflow into the Cheboksary Reservoir and the runoff of rivers in the Oka, Kama, Tobol and Don basins, which were obtained using the ECOMAG, DWAT, HBV river runoff formation models and the ensemble approach. It is shown that the influence of the uncertainty in the course of meteorological characteristics depends not only on climatic conditions of the formation of river runoff, but also on the accuracy of its modeling. As increasingly advanced river runoff formation models are introduced, this uncertainty will become the main factor determining the quality of its forecasting. Keywords: river runoff, forecast, lead time, error, meteorological elements, uncertainty, assessment
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Kalugin, Andrey. "Hydrological and Meteorological Variability in the Volga River Basin under Global Warming by 1.5 and 2 Degrees." Climate 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10070107.
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The idea of the research to assess the impact of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming in the 21st century on the runoff formation in the Volga basin corresponds to the Paris agreement on climate change 2016 with the main goal to keep the global air temperature rise to below 2 °C relative to the pre-industrial level and to take measures to limit warming to 1.5 °C by the end of the 21st century. The purpose of this study was to obtain physically based results of changes in the water regime of the Volga basin rivers under global warming by 1.5 °C and 2 °C relative to pre-industrial values. The physical and mathematical model of runoff generation ECOMAG (ECOlogical Model for Applied Geophysics) was applied in calculations using data from global climate models (GCMs). The estimation of flow anomalies of the Volga River and its major tributaries showed a decrease in annual runoff by 10–11% relative to the period from 1970 to 1999. The largest relative decrease in runoff by 17–20% was noted for the Oka and Upper Volga rivers, while the Kama River had only a 1–5% decrease. The Volga winter runoff increased by 17% and 28% under global warming by 1.5 °C and 2 °C, respectively, and negative runoff anomalies during the spring flood and the summer–autumn period turned out to be in the range of 21 to 23%. Despite the increase in precipitation, the role of evaporation in the water balance of the Volga basin will only increase.
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Simonov, Yu A., N. K. Semenova, and A. V. Khristoforov. "Short-range Streamflow Forecasting of the Kama River Based on the HBV Model Application." Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 46, no. 6 (June 2021): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068373921060054.
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Trifonova, T. A., and P. S. Shutov. "Spatial typification of river basin geosystems in the Kama river catchment area in relation to the regional tectonic structures." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 10, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 1029–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2019-10-4-0456.
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This study was aimed to reveal relationships between the formation of the structures of river systems and to discover the tectonic structural features of the territory. We analyzed the morphometric parameters of river catchment areas of various orders, which comprise the Kama river basin. A digital terrain model in ESRI ArcGis 10.4 geoinformation system was used. Within the identified river basin geosystems, quantitative morphometric characteristics of the terrain were calculated for comparative analysis. Multidimensional statistical analysis methods were used to group the basins with respect to their sets of geometric and morphometric characteristics. A spatial typification technique was developed to distinguish the basin geosystems by their morphometric indicators. This study pioneered in using the results of cluster analysis for identification of seven groups of basins, which reflect the spatial heterogeneity of the ancient tectonic elements and the geomorphological conditions within the entire territory of the Kama river basin. It is established that the types of the river basin geosystems with characteristic morphometric features are related to various ancient tectonic structures, which suggests a genetic relationship of endogenous processes of river channel fracturing and the diversity of geometric parameters of different river basins.
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Pyankov, S. V., A. N. Shikhov, and P. G. Mikhaylyukova. "Simulation of snow accumulation and melting in the Kama river basin using data from global prognostic models." Ice and Snow 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 494–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2019-4-423.
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Currently, the improvement of numerical models of weather forecasting allows using them for hydrological problems, including calculations of snow water equivalent (SWE) or snow storage. In this paper, we discuss the applicability of daily precipitation forecasts for three global atmospheric models: GFS (USA), GEM (Canada) and PL-AV (Russia) for calculating snow storage (SWE) in the Kama river basin for the cold season of 2017–2018. As the main components of the balance of snow storages the following parameters were taken into account: precipitation (with regard for the phase); snow melting during thaws; evaporation from the surface of the snow cover; interception of solid precipitation by forest vegetation. The calculation of snow accumulation and melting was based on empirical methods and performed with the GIS technologies. The degree-day factor was used to calculate snowmelt intensity, and snow sublimation was estimated by P.P. Kuz’min formula. The accuracy of numerical precipitation forecasts was estimated by comparing the results with the data of 101 weather stations. Materials of 40 field and 27 forest snow-measuring routes were taken into account to assess the reliability of the calculation of snow storages (SWE). During the snowmelt period, the part of the snow-covered area of the basin was also calculated using satellite images of Terra/Aqua MODIS on the basis of the NDFSI index. The most important result is that under conditions of 2017/18 the mean square error of calculating the maximum snow storage by the GFS, GEM and PL-AB models was less than 25% of its measured values. It is difficult to determine which model provides the maximum accuracy of the snow storage calculation since each one has individual limitations. According to the PL-AV model, the mean square error of snow storage calculation was minimal, but there was a significant underestimation of snow accumulation in the mountainous part of the basin. According to the GEM model, snow storages were overestimated by 10–25%. When calculating with use of the GFS model data, a lot of local maximums and minimums are detected in the field of snow storages, which are not confirmed by the data of weather stations. The main sources of uncertainty in the calculation are possible systematic errors in the numerical forecasts of precipitation, as well as the empirical coefficients used in the calculation of the intensity of snowmelt and evaporation from the snow cover surface.
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Shikhov, Andrey, and Evgenii Churiulin. "Comparison of snow water equivalent estimates calculated by SnoWE and ICON models on the example of the Kama river basin." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016301011.
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More recently, snow accumulation and snowmelt models for their calculations are forced to apply data from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This approach allows improvement the accuracy of calculating snow water equivalent (SWE) values especially in remote and mountain regions. In this study, we compared the numerical results of SWE calculations performed by two independent models. The first one is the SnoWE model and the second one is the ICON NWP model. During the period from November 2018 to May 2019, the simulation results of SWE compared with in-situ data from 64 snow surveys, which are located in the Kama river basin. We found that both models (SnoWE and ICON) allow getting satisfactory estimates of the maximum values of SWE (the accuracy of data is sufficient for their practical using). The root mean square error was equal 14-18% from the average measured SWE. Moreover, we got reliable maximum values of SWE for forested areas. At the same time, both models underestimate SWE values during spring snowmelt season. Probably, this underestimation is due to the shortcomings of the models and a sparse snow course-measuring network.
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Krapivin, Mkrtchyan, and Rochon. "Hydrological Model for Sustainable Development in the Aral Sea Region." Hydrology 6, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6040091.
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Possible scenarios of the Aral Sea crisis solution are discussed, and a new scenario is proposed. Previous scenarios have provided for the transfer of water from Siberian Rivers to Central Asia and the restriction of unsustainable expansion of irrigation in this region. The scenario proposed in this paper is partly based on the use of Caspian water evaporators located on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea. Engineering realization of this scenario needs only the construction of the drainage system for the runoff of Caspian waters to the natural evaporators, between which Kara-Bogaz-Gol is the functioning evaporator. This paper shows that realization of this scenario allows the rescue of the Aral Sea and normalization of the water balance in Central Asia. Under this, as the simulation modeling results show, there exist different versions of the scenario depending on the area of evaporators and restrictions for the runoff of Amu Darya and Syr Darya waters to the irrigation systems. Calculation results show that the Aral Sea could be restored within 90–240 years depending on the scenario versions. With only Kara-Bogaz-Gol as the evaporator, the Aral Sea cannot be restored within a century. Additionally, if the anthropogenic runoff of river waters was decreased by 10 percent, the Aral Sea would be restored over about 90 years. Possible versions of the recovery scenario are discussed and assessed.
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Ripley, Travis, Garry Scrimgeour, and Mark S. Boyce. "Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) occurrence and abundance influenced by cumulative industrial developments in a Canadian boreal forest watershed." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 2431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-150.
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We examined relations between cumulative levels of forest harvesting and density of road networks on the occurrence and abundance of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Kakwa River Basin, Alberta. Logistic regression models showed that bull trout occurrence was positively related to stream wetted width but negatively related to percent fines, percent cobbles, reach slope, and the cumulative area of the subbasin harvested and road density. Results from zero-inflated Poisson regression models typically showed that bull trout abundance was positively related to elevation and negatively related to stream width, percent fines, percent cobble, slope, and levels of forest harvesting. Using the negative relation between bull trout occurrence and percentage of subbasins harvested derived from the most parsimonious logistic regression model, we forecasted that forest harvesting over the next 20 years is projected to result in the local extirpation of bull trout from 24% to 43% of stream reaches that currently support bull trout in the Kakwa River Basin.
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Belyakov, Pakhom, Sergey Konopatsky, and Polina Rzhakovskaya. "Modeling and analysis of changes in the channel regime of the Kama river within the boundaries of 1639,0-1644,5 km during the development of the channel part of the Sidorovskoye occurrence." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236301022.
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The problem studied in the framework of this work is devoted to issues related to the projected excavation of soil from the channel part of the Sidorovskoye sand and gravel deposit on the river. Kama. The channel part of the deposit is located at 1639.0-1644.5 km of the Nizhnekamsk sluice–mouth of the river. Vyatka, which is the upper part of the Kuibyshev reservoir. The paper presents the results of the analysis of channel reformations of the studied section of the river according to field data and hydraulic calculations performed to model the channel process in the section of the river. Kama, is located in the downstream of the N. Kamskaya HPP, taking into account the planned engineering measures related to the extraction of river alluvium from the channel open pit.
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Kubryakov, Arseny, Sergey Stanichny, and Andrey Zatsepin. "River plume dynamics in the Kara Sea from altimetry-based lagrangian model, satellite salinity and chlorophyll data." Remote Sensing of Environment 176 (April 2016): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.01.020.
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Panyushkina, Irina P., David M. Meko, Alexander Shiklomanov, Richard D. Thaxton, Vladimir Myglan, Valentin V. Barinov, and Anna V. Taynik. "Unprecedented acceleration of winter discharge of Upper Yenisei River inferred from tree rings." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3e20.
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Abstract The Yenisei River is the largest contributor of freshwater and energy fluxes among all rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean. Modeling long-term variability of Eurasian runoff to the Arctic Ocean is complicated by the considerable variability of river discharge in time and space, and the monitoring constraints imposed by a sparse gauged-flow network and paucity of satellite data. We quantify tree growth response to river discharge at the upper reaches of the Yenisei River in Tuva, South Siberia. Two regression models built from eight tree-ring width chronologies of Larix sibirica are applied to reconstruct winter (Nov–Apr) discharge for the period 1784–1997 (214 years), and annual (Oct–Sept) discharge for the period 1701–2000 (300 years). The Nov–Apr model explains 52% of the discharge variance whereas Oct–Sept explains 26% for the calibration intervals 1927–1997 and 1927–2000, respectively. This new hydrological archive doubles the length of the instrumental discharge record at the Kyzyl gauge and resets the temporal background of discharge variability back to 1784. The reconstruction finds a remarkable 80% upsurge in winter flow over the last 25 years, which is unprecedented in the last 214 years. In contrast, annual discharge fluctuated normally for this system, with only a 7% increase over the last 25 years. Water balance modeling with CRU data manifests a significant discrepancy between decadal variability of the gauged flow and climate data after 1960. We discuss the impact on the baseflow rate change of both the accelerating permafrost warming in the discontinuous zone of South Siberia and widespread forest fires. The winter discharge accounts for only one third of the annual flow, yet the persistent 25 year upsurge is alarming. This trend is likely caused by Arctic Amplification, which can be further magnified by increased winter flow delivering significantly more fresh water to the Kara Sea during the cold season.
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Badjana, Hèou Maléki, Manfred Fink, Jörg Helmschrot, Bernd Diekkrüger, Sven Kralisch, Abel Akambi Afouda, and Kpérkouma Wala. "Hydrological system analysis and modelling of the Kara River basin (West Africa) using a lumped metric conceptual model." Hydrological Sciences Journal 62, no. 7 (April 4, 2017): 1094–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2017.1307571.
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Pyankov, Sergey, Rinat Abdullin, Andrey Shikhov, and Anastasia Semakina. "Circular economy and sustainable development in the EU — some aspects and trends Online web map service for monitoring of snow cover and hazardous hydrological events in the Kama river basin: the features of development and content." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 2 (2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-2-26-5-19.
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The development of web-GIS for operational visualization and analysis of the hydrological threats is one of the main ways to improve the monitoring and forecasting of hazardous hydrological events (HHE). This paper considers the structure and content of the online web map service for monitoring snow cover and HHE in the Kama river basin (http://hydromonitor.maps.psu.ru/). The regional departments of the Russian hydro-meteorological service, Kama Basin Water Administration and other institutions interested in operational obtaining of the hydrological information can successfully use the developed web map service. Basic and thematic layers are distinguished in the structure of the web map service. Thematic layers include daily updated monitoring and modelling outputs and other data (that does not require regular updating). The layers of river basins and observational network (weather stations and gauging stations) of the Russian hydro-meteorological service are the information basis of the service. The GIS layers of flooded settlements, locations of ice jams formation on the rivers, HHE and flood zones in floodplains have been created on the basis of the analysis of scientific publications, hydrological gauges, flood damage reports in media and satellite images. The database of HHE includes 97 records (75 HHE), which happened in 63 settlements. Most of HHE causing significant damage were occurred in the Belaya river basin, and the largest areas of flooded floodplain are also located in the same basin. Also, the simulated characteristics of snow cover (snow water equivalent, meltwater outflow and snow-covered area) are published on the web map service. The input data for calculations are daily forecasts of the air temperature, humidity, wind speed and precipitation by numerical weather prediction models ICON (Germany) and GFS (USA), as well as weather station data. The data are updated daily, and their spatial resolution is 3 km.
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Zubov, Alexandr, and Tatyana Shumilova. "Comparative Characteristics of Structural-Textural, Mineralogical and Petrochemical Features of Melt Rock Impactites of the Kara Astrobleme. Preliminary Data (Pay-Khoy, Russia)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012020.
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Abstract The Kara astrobleme is one of the largest astroblemes known on land. Its diameter is ~65 km, the age is about 70 million years. The astrobleme is located at the northeastern part of the Pay-Khoy anticlinorium at the Kara River mouth region (Kara Sea coast, Russia). It is a unique object of impact genesis due to the presence of a variety of suevites and melt impactites. Melt rocks are products of the highest degree of impact transformation of target rocks. The diversity of melt rock impactites of the Kara astrobleme and obtaining their complex comparative mineralogical and petrochemical characteristics are important for solving the fundamental problem for studying of the typomorphism of the impactitogenesis products of melt rocks both – the impactites of the Kara astrobleme and other astroblemes in general. In the Kara astrobleme region there are at list two different types of massive melt rocks bodies – a cover melt rock at the Anaroga River (I) studied by previous researchers and an unexplored body of melt rock impactite at the Kara River (II) spatially connected with ultrahigh-pressure high-temperature (UHPHT) glasses just recently discovered. Our preliminary data indicate that the melt rock varieties of the Kara astrobleme have significant differences in texture and structure. The considered melt rocks are mostly composed of a matrix represented by a “mixture” of amorphous and cryptocrystalline masses of predominantly feldspar composition with a subordinate SiO2 content. According to the data of energy dispersive analysis the compositions of the studied melt rocks are similar and have minor deviations within the first percent. The difference in the shape of silicate segregations in melt rocks may indicate that the impact melt could have a high temperature with a shorter time interval for the solidification of melt rock II on the Kara River, in contrast to the massive melt rock I on the Anaroga River, where the impact melt had large volume and, accordingly, was cooled longer at lower temperatures. The data obtained complement the specificity of the Kara melt impactites, which may play a role in complementing the geological model of the Kara astrobleme. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-35-90065; the analytical equipment has been used at the Center for Collective Use “Geonauka” (IG Komi FRC SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia); the author expresses his gratitude to Isaenko S.I. for analytical work using Raman spectroscopy; Tropnikov E.M. for help in performing microprobe studies.
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Lyubimova, Tatyana P., Anatoly P. Lepikhin, Yanina N. Parshakova, Vadim Y. Kolchanov, Carlo Gualtieri, Bernard Roux, and Stuart N. Lane. "A Numerical Study of the Influence of Channel-Scale Secondary Circulation on Mixing Processes Downstream of River Junctions." Water 12, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112969.
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A rapid downstream weakening of the processes that drive the intensity of transverse mixing at the confluence of large rivers has been identified in the literature and attributed to the progressive reduction in channel scale secondary circulation and shear-driven mixing with distance downstream from the junction. These processes are investigated in this paper using a three-dimensional computation of the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations combined with a Reynolds stress turbulence model for the confluence of the Kama and Vishera rivers in the Russian Urals. Simulations were carried out for three different configurations: an idealized planform with a rectangular cross-section (R), the natural planform with a rectangular cross-section (P), and the natural planform with the measured bathymetry (N), each one for three different discharge ratios. Results show that in the idealized configuration (R), the initial vortices that form due to channel-scale pressure gradients decline rapidly with distance downstream. Mixing is slow and incomplete at more than 10 multiples of channel width downstream from the junction corner. However, when the natural planform and bathymetry are introduced (N), rates of mixing increase dramatically at the junction corner and are maintained with distance downstream. Comparison with the P case suggests that it is the bathymetry that drives the most rapid mixing and notably when the discharge ratio is such that a single channel-scale vortex develops aided by curvature in the post junction channel. This effect is strongest when the discharge of the tributary that has the same direction of curvature as the post junction channel is greatest. A comprehensive set of field data are required to test this conclusion. If it holds, theoretical models of mixing processes in rivers will need to take into account the effects of bathymetry upon the interaction between river discharge ratio, secondary circulation development, and mixing rates.
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Chen, Walter, Wu-Hsun Wang, and Kieu Anh Nguyen. "Soil Erosion and Deposition in a Taiwanese Watershed Using USPED." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063397.
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Soil erosion is a global problem that has been exacerbated in recent decades by global warming and the increased frequency of extreme weather events. It is also a global issue addressed by the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal #15 that seeks to recover degraded land and create a world free of land degradation by 2030. In this study, we used the Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition (USPED) model to investigate the distribution of soil erosion and deposition in an important reservoir watershed in Taiwan, which is known to have a high risk of sediment hazard. We found the average soil erosion rate to be 136.4 Mg/ha/year using the model’s recommended m = 1.3 and n = 1.2 empirical coefficients for a combined occurrence of sheet and rill erosion. Additionally, we selected the Sule sub-watershed and the Kala area as examples to illustrate the pattern of soil erosion and deposition and their relationship to rivers, roadways, and anthropogenic activity, and 3D terrain was employed to further enhance visualization of the model output. It was estimated that 12.6% of eroded soil was deposited with a 200 m buffer of the rivers in the watershed and might be swept into the river system by the next typhoon, torrential rain, landslide, or earthquake. In comparison to previous USLE- and RUSLE-based soil erosion modeling in the same research area, our USPED modeling is unique in that it included the amount and distribution of soil deposition. This successful implementation of USPED in Taiwan establishes a new modeling alternative in addition to the widely used USLE and RUSLE models. The findings can be used to direct future erosion pin placement in the research area, allowing for improved monitoring of sediment movement and avoiding sediment hazards.
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Drozdova, Anastasia N., Andrey A. Nedospasov, Nikolay V. Lobus, Svetlana V. Patsaeva, and Sergey A. Shchuka. "CDOM Optical Properties and DOC Content in the Largest Mixing Zones of the Siberian Shelf Seas." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061145.
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Notable changes in the Arctic ecosystem driven by increased atmospheric temperature and ice cover reduction were observed in the last decades. Ongoing environmental shifts affect freshwater discharge to the Arctic Ocean, and alter Arctic land-ocean fluxes. The monitoring of DOC distribution and CDOM optical properties is of great interest both from the point of view of validation of remote sensing models, and for studying organic carbon transformation and dynamics. In this study we report the DOC concentrations and CDOM optical characteristics in the mixing zones of the Ob, Yenisei, Khatanga, Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka rivers. Water sampling was performed in August–October 2015 and 2017. The DOC was determined by high-temperature combustion, and absorption coefficients and spectroscopic indices were calculated using the seawater absorbance obtained with spectrophotometric measurements. Kara and Laptev mixing zones were characterized by conservative DOC behavior, while the East Siberian sea waters showed nonconservative DOC distribution. Dominant DOM sources are discussed. The absorption coefficient aCDOM (350) in the East Siberian Sea was two-fold lower compared to Kara and Laptev seawaters. For the first time we report the DOC content in the Khatanga River of 802.6 µM based on the DOC in the Khatanga estuary.
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English, P. "Palaeodrainage at Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park and implications for water resources." Rangeland Journal 20, no. 2 (1998): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9980255.
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The stakeholders in the atypical rangeland area of Uluyu-Kata Tjufa National Park in the Northern Territory are the Aboriginal owners, hundreds of thousands of tourists, and vulnerable desert wildlife species. Sustainable water resources and maintenance of the integrity of the unique geological, ecological and cultural environment at Uluyu are major issues being addressed by the trustees of the Park. The Dune Plains area between Uluyu (Ayers Rock) and Kata Tjula (the Olgas) is the setting for a deep palaeovalley. The flat, dune-covered landscape of the present-day Dune Plains area provides no indication of the existence of the underlying palaeovalley. Integrated datasets including aeromagnetic and airborne gamma-ray spectrometric imagery, processed Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, a digital elevation model, and water-bore logs, have enabled reconstruction of the Dune Plains palaeoriver valley. The datasets reveal a heterogeneous basement topography of domes and basins with 100 m of vertical relief (a buried 'mini-Kata Tjuia') at depth beneath the Dune Plains area, between the rock monoliths. The ancient valley became completely infilled with lake, river and wind-borne sediments during the Tertiary and Quaternary. Major faults traversing the basement beneath the area influenced early erosion and valley initiation. The palaeovalley was originally a closed valley which later evolved to a through-flowing river that fed Lake Amadeus to the north. The Dune Plains palaeovalley is now the setting for a compound bedrock- Cainozoic-sediment aquifer system which is the major source of water supply for the inhabitants and tourists of Uluyu-Kata Tjufa National Park. Major landscape units making up the Uluyu area include groundwater calcrete, sheetwash slopes of red earth, sandplains and dunefields, and modern ephemeral alluvial braidplains that are constrained to corridors afforded by swale networks. The sheetwash unit forms gently sloping aprons around outcrops and supports banded mulga shrubland. During rainfall, surface run-off acts as a 'sheetflow recharge mechanism'. This mechanism maximises water conservation allowing survival of the mulga groves and associated ecosystems. During major rainfall events, the sheetflow processes augment replenishment of the aquifer system at the base of the slopes. The palaeodrainage configuration and hydrodynamics of both the surface environment and the subsurface aquifer system are complex. The methodology used to reconstruct the Dune Plains palaeodrainage and associated aquifer system, and the hydrodynamic processes described for the Uluru area are applicable to widespread rangeland areas elsewhere across the continent. Keywords: Uluyu, Kata Tjula, Dune Plains, palaeovalley, palaeodrainage, hydrology, groundwater, aquifer, sheetwash, red earths, calcrete, hydrodynamics, mulga (Acacia aneura), run-off, run-on, recharge.
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Novico, Franto, and Yusuf Adam Priohandono. "ANALYSIS OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION PATTERNS USING SOFTWARE OF MIKE 21 HDFM-MT IN THE KAPUAS MURUNG RIVER MOUTH CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PROVINCE." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 27, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.27.1.2012.44.
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The public transportation system along the Kapuas River, Central Kalimantan are highly depend on water transportation. Natural condition gives high distribution to the smoothness of the vessel traffic along the Kapuas Murung River. The local government has planned to build specific port for stock pile at the Batanjung which would face with natural phenomena of sedimentation and erosion at a river mouth. Erosion and sedimentation could be predicted not only by field observing but it is also needed hypotheses using software analysis. Hydrodynamics and transport sediment models by Mike 21 HDFM-MT software will be applied to describe the position of sedimentations and erosions at a river mouth. Model is assumed by two different river conditions, wet and dry seasons. Based on two types of conditions the model would also describe the river flow and sediment transport at spring and neap periods. Tidal fluctuations and a river current as field observation data would be verified with the result of model simulations. Based on field observation and simulation results could be known the verification of tidal has an 89.74% correlation while the river current correlation has 43.6%. Moreover, based on the simulation the sediment patterns in flood period have a larger area than ebb period. Furthermore, the erosion patterns dominantly occur during wet and dry season within ebb period. Water depths and sediment patterns should be considered by the vessels that will use the navigation channel at a river mouth.
Keywords: Kapuas Murung River, software Mike 21 HDFM-MT, erosion and sedimentation pattern
Penduduk yang berada di sepanjang Sungai Kapuas sangat bergantung pada transportasi air. Kelancaran lalu lintas kapal di sepanjang Sungai Kapuas Murung sangat tergantung dengan kondisi alam yang terjadi. Rencana pemerintah daerah yang akan membangun pelabuhan khusus batubara di Batanjung akan berhadapan dengan fenomena alam yang umum terjadi di muara sungai yaitu sedimentasi dan erosi. Prediksi akan terjadinya sedimentasi dan erosi tidak hanya ditunjang pengamatan lapangan namun juga perlu dilakukan dengan melakukan hipotesa menggunakan bantuan analisis software. Penelitian ini akan menggambarkan posisi sedimentasi dan erosi di sekitar muara dengan pemodelan hidrodinamika dan transport sedimen yang menggunakan Software MIKE 21 HDFM-MT. Model dibuat dengan mengasumsikan kondisi sungai pada saat musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Berdasarkan dua kondisi tersebut model akan menggambarkan sebaran arus dan sebaran sedimen untuk periode bulan baru dan perbani. Data lapangan pasang surut dan kecepatan arus akan diverifikasi ke hasil simulasi model. Berdasarkan data hasil pengukuran lapangan dan data hasil simulasi model maka dapat diketahui bahwa verifikasi nilai pasang surut menunjukkan korelasi sebesar 89.74% sedangkan verifikasi nilai arus sebesar 43.6%. Selanjutnya dari hasil simulasi didapatkan bahwa pada saat pasang, gambaran posisi sedimentasi banyak terdapat pada bagian timur muara sungai dengan penyebaran cukup luas sedangkan pada kondisi surut area lebih sedikit. Selanjutnya gambaran daerah yang tererosi banyak terjadi pada saat air surut baik untuk musim hujan maupun kemarau. Kapal yang akan menggunakan muara sebagai alur pelayaran harus mempertimbangkan kondisi kedalaman air yang ada dan juga pola sedimentasi yang terjadi.
Kata kunci: Sungai Kapuas Murung, software Mike 21FM HD-MT, erosi dan pola sedimentasi
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Shikhov, A. N., A. V. Bykov, and R. K. Abdullin. "Short-range forecast of heavy rainfall over the Kama River basin in 2019 with atmospheric models ICON, GFS and WRF." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 611 (December 22, 2020): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/611/1/012016.
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Tskhai, Aleksandr Andreevich, Aleksandr Vasilievich Puzanov, Nelley Mikhailovna Kovalevskaya, and Vladimir Viktorovich Kirillov. "A new approach to aquatic ecosystem monitoring of the Ob river." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 383 (September 16, 2020): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-375-2020.
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Abstract. An integrated approach to aquatic ecosystem monitoring is being developed for the Ob river. The novelty of the approach is in transition to high-performance computing (HPC) under processing of remote sensing data and modeling of aquatic ecosystem degradation. Classes of optically complex surface waters of the Gulf of the Kara Sea – the Ob Bay are studied on the basis of the fuzzy cluster analysis of water objects emission. A ten-year dynamics of concentrations of optically active substances was estimated using the neural network simulation. The application of the structural-dynamic model allowed explaining the long-term trend in the development of the ecosystem of the Novosibirsk reservoir, the largest one in the Ob river basin.
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Latimba, Yusran, Ahmad Syarif Sukri, Tryantini Sundi Putri, and Muriadin Muriadin. "PERAMALAN TINGGI DAN PERIODE GELOMBANG PADA PANTAI TINOBU LASOLO KONAWE UTARA." STABILITA || Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 8, no. 2 (August 23, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55679/jts.v8i2.13680.
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ABSTRAKPantai Tinobu telah terjadi permasalahan seperti erosi pantai, erosi tersebut dapat terjadi secara alami atau karena adanya aktifitas manusia. Pantai Tinobu mengalami endapan yang dapat mengakibatkan majunya garis pantai, pendangkalan muara sungai yang menyebabkan aliran sungai dapat memimbulkan banjir.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tinggi gelombang pada peramalan gelombang pantai Tinobu dengan mengkonversi data angin dan mengetahui bentuk penjalaran gelombang di pantai Tinobu dengan model simulasi CG WAVE pada SMS 10.0.10 di pantai Tinobu. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis dan survey pasang surut,, topografi dan bathimetri.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tinggi gelombang dan periode gelombang signifikan maksimum di laut dalam dari arah timur adalah 0,81 meter dan 3,26 detik. Pada penelitian ini penjalaran gelombang yang disimulasikan adalah penjalaran pada arah Timur dengan sudut datang pada model isian 90 derajat. Kemudian dari arah datang angin ini saya mengambil periode 3,26 detik dengan menyamakannya pada kondisi peramalan gelombang pada hasil analisa perhitungan kala ulang periode dengan 25 tahun. Kata Kunci : Gelombang, Water Modeling, Pantai.ABSTRACTTinobu Beach problems have occurred such as coastal erosion, erosion can occur naturally or due to human activities. Tinobu beach has deposited which can cause coastline advancement, silting of river mouths which causes river flow can cause flooding. The purpose of this study was to determine the wave height in the forecasting of Tinobu beach waves by converting wind data. and bathymetry. The results of this study are the wave height and the maximum significant wave period in the deep sea from the east is 0.81 meters and 3.26 seconds. In this study the wave propagation that I simulate is propagation in the East direction with the angle of incidence in the 90-degree field model . Then from the direction of this angina I took a period of 3.26 seconds by equating it to the wave forecasting conditions on the results of the analysis of the recalculation period with a period of 25 years. Keywords : Waves, Water Modeling, Beaches
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Ratna P, Destianingrum, M. Bayu Rizky Prayoga, and Ardila Yananto. "PEMODELAN HIDROLOGI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN WMS (WATERSHED MODELING SYSTEM), DAERAH KAJIAN DI DAS CILIWUNG HULU." Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca 16, no. 1 (June 29, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jstmc.v16i1.2632.
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Intisari Permasalahan sumberdaya air dari hari ke hari semakin memburuk, baik kualitas maupun kuantitas air. DAS sebagai wadah dari berbagai komponen biosfer yang saling berinteraksi memegang peranan yang penting dalam siklus hidrologi dan fungsi penyediaan air. Berbagai macam model hidrologi telah dikembangkan, Model-model tersebut bisa digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan sumberdaya air tersebut. Salah satu model yang bisa digunakan adalah model rasional yang terdapat dalam Waterhsed Modeling System (WMS). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan ekstraksi karakteristik DAS dan mengestimasi nilai debit puncak DAS Ciliwung Hulu berdasarkan nilai curah hujan beberapa kala ulang dengan menggunakan Watershed Modelling System. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa karakteristik DAS yang dapat diekstraksi dengan menggunakan WMS adalah luas DAS, panjang sungai utama, kemiringan DAS, dan kemiringan aliran sungai. Nilai koefisien aliran permukaan DAS Ciliwung Hulu adalah sebesar 0,72. Nilai intensitas hujan untuk kala ulang 2 tahun sebesar 117 mm/jam, kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 135 mm/jam, kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 143 mm/jam, kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 152 mm/jam, kala ulang 50 tahun sebesar 157 mm/jam, dan kala ulang 100 tahun sebesar 162 mm/jam. Untuk nilai estimasi debit puncak di DAS Ciliwung Hulu, untuk kala ulang 2 tahun sebesar 735, 588 m3/detik, untuk kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 852,713 m3/detik, untuk kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 904,363 m3/detik, untuk kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 959,448 m3/detik, untuk kala ulang 50 tahun sebesar 992,448 m3/detik dan untuk kala ulang 100 tahun sebesar 1.023,313 m3/detik.Abstract Water resources problems are getting worse from by the day, both the quality and quantity of water. Watershed as a container of various components of the interacting biosphere is playing an important role in the hydrological cycle and water supply functions. Various kinds of hydrological models have been developed. The models can be used to help solving the water resources problems. One of models that can be used are contained in Watershed Modeling System (WMS) is Rational Method. The purpose of this study was to perform the extraction of watershed characteristics and estimate the peak discharge in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed based on the value of rainfall in some return period by using the Watershed Modeling System. The results of study show that the characteristics of the watershed that can be extracted by using WMS are watershed area, main stream length, the slope of the watershed, and the slope of the river. Runoff coefficient value of Ciliwung Hulu Watershed is 0,72. Rainfall intensity value for 2-year return period is 117 mm/h, when the 5-year return period is 135 mm/h, when the 10-year return period is 143 mm/h, when the 25-year return period is 152 mm/h, when the 50-year return periods 157 mm/h, and when 100-year return period is 162 mm/hour. For the estimated value of the peak discharge in Ciliwung Hulu watershed for 2-year return period amounted to 735,588 m3/sec, for 5-year return period amounted to 852,713 m3/sec, for a 10-year return period amounted to 904,363 m3/sec, for a 25 year return period amounted to 959,448 m3/sec, for 50-year return period amounted to 992,448 m3/sec and for 100 years return period amounted to 1023,313 m3/sec.
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Makarieva, O. M., N. V. Nesterova, G. P. Yampolsky, and E. Y. Kudymova. "ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM INSTANT DISCHARGE OF VARIOUS FREQUENCY AT UNGAUGED MOUNTAINOUS RIVER KHEMCHIK (TUVA REPUBLIC) BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING." Engineering survey 13, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2019-13-2-36-51.
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Abstract: the article presents the results of application of distributed deterministic hydrological model Hydrograph for estimation of maximum discharge values of different frequency at the ungauged catchment of the Khemchik River (Khemchik village, Tuva Republic). The catchment area is 1750 km2 , the average and maximum elevation — 2200 and 3600 m, respectively. Due to the lack of detailed information, a schematization of the catchment and the parameterization of the model are proposed, based on general ideas about the water balance and the processes of runoff formation of the main landscapes — rocky talus, coniferous forest and steppe. Parameters and algorithms are verified based on the results of streamflow modeling at two studied catchments: the Tapsy River — Kara-Khol (302 km2 ) and the Khemchik River — Iyme (25500 km2 ). Modelling of runoff formation processes with daily time step for the Khemchik River — Khemchik village was conducted for the period 1966–2012 using observational data at Teeli meteorological station. For the transition from daily to instant discharges, the dependence of the observed values of instant and daily streamflow at the studied gauges has been applied. On the basis of simulated discharge series, the frequency curve was built and the obtained curve was compared with the calculation data according to the standard methodology SP 33-101-2003 “Determination of the main calculated hydrological characteristics” using the analogue river. Simulated maximum instant discharges for entire frequency interval of up to 1% are 1.3–5 times higher than the values obtained by standard methodology SP 33-101-2003. The results of model calculations is indirectly confirmed by the evidences of regular flooding of the Khemchik village provided by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Tuva Republic, which is not predicted by the values obtained by the standard methods.
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TARASOV, M. M. "ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TOOL IN THE INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 3 (2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.03.01.004.
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The article explores the effectiveness of using the public-private partnership tool in the investment and construction sector of the Udmurt Republic. The tasks of attracting business entities to the implementation of road infrastructure construction projects are considered. The conclusion is made that the state acts as a guarantor of the reliability of the return on investment of a private partner. An organizational and legal model of a concession agreement between the Government of the Udmurt Republic and a private partner in the implementation of the investment project “Construction and operation on a paid basis of bridge crossings over the Kama River and the Bui River” is presented. The analysis of financial, budgetary effectiveness of the project is carried out and the social effect of its implementation is determined.
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Bachtiar, Huda, Franto Novico, and Fitri Riandini. "MODEL SEDERHANA 2-DIMENSI ARAH PERGERAKAN SEDIMEN DI SUNGAI PORONG JAWA TIMUR." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 9, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.9.3.2011.209.
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Model numerik MIKE 21 modul transport sedimen digunakan untuk mengetahui respon pergerakan lumpur Sidoarjo pada saat musim hujan dan musim kemarau dan pengaruh tanggul yang berada di muara Sungai Porong. Data yang digunakan adalah pasang surut muka air laut, kedalaman air, debit sungai, arus dan konsentrasi sedimen. Simulasi dilakukan dengan membuat dua skenario, yaitu pada saat kondisi musim hujan dan pada saat musim kemarau. Hasil simulasi model hidrodinamika di verifikasi dengan data lapangan untuk mendapatkan nilai korelasi. Verifikasi meliputi data muka air dan kecepatan arus baik arah –x maupun –y.
Berdasarkan hasil verifikasi didapatkan nilai korelasi muka air sebesar 0.8641 sementara arus bernilai 0.1493 untuk sumbu –x dan 0.1917 untuk sumbu –y. Selanjutnya hasil simulasi model menunjukkan konsentrasi sedimen pada tanggal 27 November 2007 merupakan puncak tertinggi dengan nilai 3.2x10-3 kg/m3 untuk musim hujan sementara untuk musim kemarau konsentrasi sedimen bernilai 0.0x10-3 kg/m3.
Kata kunci : Model Numerik, Pergerakan Lumpur, Sungai Porong.
Numerical model of MIKE 21 sediment transport module was applied to recognize the response of mud flow respective in rainy and dry season and also to get information of dike effect at the river mouth. Data that used in this simulation was tide, water depth, river discharge, current and sediment concentration. The simulations were created for two scenarios, therefore dry season and wet season. The result of the simulation model verified with observation data to see the correlation value. The verification are covering water level data and current magnitude of –x and –y axis.
Based on the verification result, the correlation value of water level has a value 0.8641 meanwhile for the current the correlation value have magnitude 0.1493 of x-axis and 0.1917of y-axis. Moreover, the maximum value of sediment concentration could be seen at November 27th 2007 with 3.2x10-3 kg/m3 at the wet season and 0.0x10-3 kg/m3 for dry season.
Keywords: Numerical Model, Mud Movement, Porong River
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Novico, Franto, and Citrawan Sinaga. "KONDISI HIDRODINAMIKA PERAIRAN SUNGAI LIAT BANGKA BERDASARKAN MODEL MIKE 21-HD-AD SEHUBUNGAN DENGAN MORFOLOGI AKIBAT PENAMBANGAN DI LAUT." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 10, no. 1 (February 16, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.10.1.2012.214.
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Penambangan timah di perairan sekitar Sungai Liat- Bangka oleh kapal keruk dan hisap telah menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan kondisi dasar laut yang sangat besar dengan ditemukannya batimetri yang sangat tidak beraturan di sekitar wilayah foreshore, terutama pada bagian barat muarasungai.
Pendekatan model numerik dengan menggunakan software Mike 21 HD-AD menjadi metode pilihan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kondisi hidrodinamika sekitar muara dan garis pantai sekitar Sungai Liat. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi didapatkan bahwa dengan perkiraan pelaksanaan kegiatan penambangan 24 jam sehari selama 15 hari model operasi maka kondisi sebaran buangan akan terbawa hingga jarak terjauh 15 km ke arah selatan, sementara sebaran bergerak ke arah utara sejauh 5 km dari lokasi sumber buangan. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk sebaran mencapai garis pantaiadalah 27 jam setelah penambangan dioperasikan. Sementara nilai kecepatan arus maksimum pada saat bulan penuh sebesar 1.5 m/det dengan arah arus dominan ke utara sementara pada saat bulan mati kecepatan maksimum sebesar 1.2 m/det dengan arah arus dominan ke tenggara.
Kata kunci : Kondisi Hidrodinamika Sungai Liat, Model Numerik, Buangan Tambang
The mining activities using dredging vessel and suction vessel that have done near river mouth of Sungai Liat and along coast line yielded a big deformation of sea floor bathymetry at foreshore especially west side a river mouth.
Mike 21 HD-AD software as numerical model was selected as method to describe hydrodynamic conditions around river mouth and along coastline near the Sungai Liat River. Based on simulations where the mining operation is predicted 24 hours a day within 15 days operation model therefore a range of outsource dispersion of 15 km to south while 5 km flows to the north from the mine dumps position. A dispersion of mine dumps would be achieve a coastline in 27 hours since the mining begun. In addition, maximum current in spring time shows 1.5 m/sec to the north direction whereas in neap time the current shows 1.2 m/sec to the southeast direction.
Keywords: Hydrodynamic Condition, Sungai Liat, Numerical Model, Mine dumps
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ISMAIYLOV, G. KH, A. V. PERMINOV, and I. G. ISMAIYLOVA. "ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE OF FUNCTIONING OF COMPLEX WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE VOLGA-KAMA CASCADE OF HYDRAULIC UNITS." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 2 (2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-2-131-140.
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The article considers methodical approaches to the analysis of the current state of the management problem of water economic systems under non-stationarity of multi-year fluctuations of surface water resources. Application of the simulation modeling method for solving water management problems is substantiated. The main provisions of the analysis of initial hydrological information to control the operation regime of the Volga-Kama cascade of hydraulic units are given. Methodical provisions for the analysis of the operation regime of complex water management systems with a cascade of hydraulic units with reservoirs in its structure are formed. The operation modes of the Volga-Kama cascade of hydraulic units under the conditions of different water content of the Volga River are analyzed. The considered methodic provisions are illustrated by the examples of simulated modeling of the Volga-Kama cascade operational regime under average water content conditions. The structure of modern water management systems and their functioning is presented as an open multicomponent dynamic system. The ultimate goal of the analysis technique of the water management system with the knowledge of the regularities of hydrological system formation is development of formalized mathematical models of this system functioning and investigation of many alternative variants under different natural-economic conditions.
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Anatov, D. M. "Phenetic analysis of natural apricot populations in the Mountainous Dagestan for endocarp (stone) features." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-1-89-94.
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Background. Studying the intraspecies diversity of fruit crop wild relatives is one of the leading trends in botanical and genetic resource research associated with identification and utilization of the phenotypic potential of the population and species, the initial stage in plant breeding and introduction processes, and a prerequisite to solving a number of problems posed by the theory of microevolution, biosystematics and population biology. Currently, large tracts of wild apricot populations (Prunus armeniaca L. = Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) have been preserved in Central Asia, China and Dagestan. The natural populations of apricot in the Mountainous Dagestan are spread along the valleys of the Avar Koysu, Andi Koysu, Kazikumukh Koysu and Kara Koysu rivers, at altitudes of 350–1500 m ASL, and (sporadically) over the southern slopes – up to 1900 m ASL. They prefer crushed limestone hillsides, where they form the so-called ‘apricot savannah’, rarely assembling into dense massifs. With this in mind, it seems theoretically and practically interesting to evaluate various forms in the diversity of natural apricot populations in the Mountainous Dagestan, with qualitative traits of their endocarp (stone) as a target.Materials and methods. To analyze the diversity of endocarp (stone) forms in natural apricot populations under the conditions of the Mountainous Dagestan, three model cenopopulations (CPs) were selected: in Gunibsky District, along the Kara Koysu (Lower Keger Vlg., 900–1200 m ASL) and Bagdakuli rivers (Salta Vlg., 900–1100 m ASL), and in Levashinsky District, along the Kazikumukh Koysu river (Burtanimakhi Vlg., 1000–1200 m ASL). Stones were collected along the slopes by using transect itineraries. Morphological description of endocarps was made for 328 trees according to 11 qualitative features by standard techniques.Results. A comparative analysis of natural apricot populations showed high variation in the size and shape of the endocarp. Five classes were identified for stone size; of these, the very small (37.8%) and small (37.5%) types had the highest percentage. There were seven types of the endocarp’s shape (rounded, ellipsoid, ovoid, oblong, prolate, teardrop-shaped, and semicordate). Ovoid or rounded shape was observed in an overwhelming majority of apricot trees: their share was 65.3% of the total diversity. Correlation analysis of the endocarp’s features revealed credible positive correlations between the traits (1) ‘keel height’ and ‘rib width’, and (2) ‘lateral rib type’ and ‘rib width’. Creditable negative correlations were found for the trait ‘keel pattern’ with ‘lateral rib type’ and ‘keel height’.
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Pairunan, Toban T. "PERANGKAT LUNAK PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KUALITAS DAN PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.12.2.2012.610.
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PERANGKAT LUNAK PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KUALITAS DAN PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun suatu perangkat lunak Pendukung Keputusan Analisis Pengelolaan Kualitas dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air Sungai. Menentukan status pencemaran dengan menggunakan model indeks pencemaran (metode storet) dan Analisis prediksi status pencemaran pada masa yang akan datang dengan menggunakan model rata-rata bergerak (Moving average). Perangkat lunak yang dirancang menggunakan MySQL dan MySQL Front sebagai database dan delphy 7 sebagai bahasa pemprograman. Hasil rancangan ini kemudian diimplementasikan pada data parameter sungai saddang di propinsi Sulawesi selatan di Badan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (BLHD) dalam periode pemantauan tahun 2010. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rancangan perangkat lunak dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu analisis pengelolaaan kualitas dan pengendalian air sungai. Perangkat Lunak dapat menampilkan hasil analisis storet setiap titik ukur dan seluruh titik ukur sungai. Perangkat lunak dapat melakukan proses prediksi untuk status sungai pada masa yang akan dating. Perangkat lunak mampu membuat laporan hasil analisis setiap titik ukur dan seluruh titik ukur dan perangkat lunak dapat mengidentifikasi parameter yang memiliki nilai konsentrasi tinggi, sedang dan memenuhi baku mutu sesuai dengan ketentuan standar menurut Permen KLH No.115 Tahun 2003 dan Peraturan pemerintah No.82 Tahun 2001. Berdasarkan hasil implementasil perangkat lunak, yang telah diuji coba melalui data pemantauan sungai saddang periode tahun 2010, dihasilkan nilai storet rata-rata titik ukur sebesar -64,4 dengan status sungai cemar berat. Kata Kunci: Kualitas Air Sungai, Metode Storet, Perangkat Lunak, Rata-rata Bergerak. The Software to Support the Decision Analysis of Quality Management and River Pollution Control Abstract The study aims to design and establish software to support the decision of quality management and river pollution control. The System is analysed by means of pollution indeks model (storet Method) to determine pollution status and the average moving model (Moving Average) in order to predict pollution status in the future. The software was designed using MySQL and the MySQL font and Delphy 7 as the programming language. The outcome was implemented on the data parameter of saddang River in south Sulawesi Province, at Regional Environmental Agency (BLHD) for the monitoring period of 2010.The analysis indicates that the design can be used as an analysis tool for quality management and water control of the river. The software is capable of displaying the result of storet analysis of every measured point of the whole points of the river. It can perform storet value predict the river pollution status in the future. It is also capable of identifying the parameter having the highest concentration value, the middle one, and the fulfilling the standard quality according to the rules of environmental minister No.115 of 2003 and the government regulation No.82 of 2001. The average Storet value of the measured point is –64.4 with a status of heavily polluted. Keywords: Quality River Water, Storet Method, Software, Moving Average
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Widiastuti, Maria Maghdalena Diana, Modesta Ranny Maturbongs, Sisca Elviana, Chair Rani, and Andi Iqbal Burhanuddin. "KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI NELAYAN DI KALI MARO KABUPATEN MERAUKE, PAPUA." Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 6, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v6i2.8374.
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Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai Maro membutuhkan data komprehensif mengenai aktivitas pemanfaatan sungai tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi nelayan yang menangkap ikan di Kali Maro. Metode penelitian ini deskriptif analitis dengan pengambilan data nelayan menggunakan FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Kriteria responden adalah nelayan (pemilik dan anak buah kapal) yang mengambil ikan di muara dan Kali Maro. Jumlah responden sebanyak delapan belas orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik nelayan di Kali Maro merupakan nelayan kecil dengan kepemilikan perahu kecil (semang) rata-rata 1 unit dengan kapasitas maksimum 2 ton. Jenis ikan yang diperoleh antara lain ikan kakap, ikan kuru, ikan kaca, ikan bandeng, ikan gulama, ikan duri, dan ikan herkules. Kalender musim menurut nelayan terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu musim ikan melimpah (Oktober - Februari) dan musim ombak yang menandakan sedikitnya tangkapan ikan (Maret - September). Sistem penangkapan dilakukan sendiri dengan tenaga kerja didominasi dari dalam keluarga. Pemasaran melalui pemborong langganan dengan model konsinyasi. Kelembagaan nelayan belum berfungsi sebagai produksi, media belajar, dan pemasaran. Regulasi secara adat hanya terjadi di hulu sungai, sedangkan di muara sungai tidak ada aturan informal maupun formal yang mengatur aktivitas perikanan di sungai. Biaya operasional per trip sebesar Rp462.835,00 dengan komponen terbesar bensin dan oli sebesar 42%. Belum ditemukan adanya hubungan agent principle yang tidak menguntungkan nelayan. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah menggerakan modal sosial nelayan untuk membentuk kelembagaan informal dan membangun regulasi yang mengatur aktivitas penangkapan ikan, pemasaran, sistem bagi hasil dengan ABK. Perlunya dukungan pemerintah untuk peningkatan alat tangkap, modernisasi moda transportasi dan sistem penyimpanan hasil, sistem rantai pasok pemasaran, serta membangun industri pengolahan hasil.Title: Socio Economic Characteristics of Fishermen in Maro River Merauke Regency, PapuaManagement of the Maro river need a comprehensive data of all activities in the river. The study aimed to identify the socio-economic characteristics of fishermen who catch fish in Maro River. Descriptive analysis were used The methodology is analytical descriptive by collecting fishermen data using FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Respondents’ criteria are fishermen (owners and crew members) who take fish in the estuary and the Maro River. The number of respondents are 18 people. The results of the study indicate that the characteristics of the fishermen in the Maro River are small fishermen with a small boat with boat ownership an average of 1 unit with maximum capacity 2 tonnes. Catch fish in Maro River as main livelihood. Fish types obtained include: Snapper, kuru, glass, milkfish, gulama, thorny fish and hercules.The season calendar according to fishermen is divided into 2 namely abundant fish season (October to February) and the wave season which indicates the small number of fish catches (March to September). The fisherman catch fish alone or with labor dominated from family member. Selling fish through subscriptions contractor with a consignment model. The fishermen’s institution has not functioned as a production, learning and marketing. There is custom regulation in upstream but no informal of formal regulation to manage fisheries activities in dowwnstream. Operational costs per trips Rp.462,835.00 with the largest component of gasoline and oil by 42 percent. There is no unfair agent principle relationship. Suggestions from this research are build the social capital of fishermen to form informal institutions and conduct regulations for fishing activities, marketing, profit sharing systems with crew members. Need government support to improvement of fishing gear, modernization of transportation modes and yield storage systems, marketing supply chain systems and build a processing industry.
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Karim, Karim, Chairil Faif Pasani, and Andriyani Andriyani. "Membuat Soal Matematika Open Ended dengan Teknik Memodifikasi Soal Tertutup: Konteks Lahan Basah." EDU-MAT: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/edumat.v10i1.13417.
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Soal matematika open ended merupakan soal yang menuntut banyak cara penyelesaian atau banyak jawaban benar yang mungkin. Untuk membuat soal matematika open ended, bukanlah pekerjaan yang mudah. Sehingga soal open ended ini sangat jarang ditemukan pada buku matematika siswa. Padahal, soal matematika open ended sangat diperlukan untuk menumbuhkan berpikir kreatif siswa, khususnya kemampuan fleksibilitas. Untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami soal matematika, maka penggunaan konteks sangat diperlukan. Salah satu konteks yang dapat digunakan adalah lahan basah. Untuk membuat soal open ended, teknik yang paling mudah adalah dengan memodifikasi soal tertutup. Artikel ini akan memberikan petunjuk dalam membuat soal matematika open ended dengan teknik memodifikasi soal tertutup dengan memuat konteks lahan basah. Metode yang digunakan dalam membuat soal open ended ini adalah metode pengembangan dengan model 4D (four D models). Konten soal adalah materi matematika SMA kelas X. Untuk uji keterbacaan, dilibatkan 6 orang siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Banjarmasin. Ada 3 buah soal matematika open ended yang dihasilkan, yaitu soal dengan konteks (1) Berangkat ke sekolah menyeberang Sungai Kuin naik jukung, (2) Keramba ikan di Sungai Martapura, dan (3) Objek wisata Pulau Pinus-Waduk riam Kanan. Kata kunci : soal open ended, lahan basah Abstract: Open-ended math problems are questions that have several solutions or correct answers. It is not a simple task to create open-ended math questions. As a result, open-ended questions are uncommon in students' math textbooks. Open-ended questions, in reality, are required to enhance student's creative thinking, particularly their flexibility abilities. The use of context is required to help children grasp issues. Wetlands are one example of a context that might be employed. The simplest way to generate open-ended questions is to change closed questions. This post will walk you through producing open-ended math problems by changing closed questions with the context of wetlands. This open-ended question was created using a development process using a 4D model (four D models). The questions' substance is coursework for class X SMA. Six students from State High School 5 Banjarmasin’s class X participated in the reading exam. There were three open-ended math problems: (1) go to school across the Kuin River by jukung, (2) Fish cages on the Martapura River, and (3) Attractions in Pulau Pinus-Riam Kanan reservoir. Keywords: Open-ended problems, wetlands
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Kovtun, Svetlana P., Zoia V. Shilova, and Irina V. Abramova. "Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Application of Factor Analysis on Archaeological Data." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 42 (December 23, 2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.4.42.90.100.
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The problem of bringing into line the methods of archaeology with the methods of multidimensional mathematics is considered in the paper. The aim is to test the factor analysis on the archaeological data of the Tarasovo burial ground of the 1st –5th centuries on the Middle Kama, followed by a critical comprehension of the results obtained. Previously, this method was not used to study the social structure of the Kama river region population. Ontological, gnosiological and epistemological aspects of the factor model were identified and described. Interdisciplinary operational concepts of its construction were implemented at different levels. Some social and informative features of a selection of male burials of the 3rd –5th centuries were found, presumably, marking the lifetime social status of persons. An attempt to demonstrate the semiotic ambiguity of these features has been made. The conclusion about its influence on the quality of social interpretation of factors has been made. Some problems related to the search for reasons that reduce the heuristic potential of the factor model have been formulated, as well as the quality and volume of social information in the given epistemological conditions. The structure of the formal text does not cover all the types of interconnections and relations of the social space of the burial as a whole. The interpretation of the obtained factors from the standpoint of sociological and culturological approaches have demonstrated the difficulties of transferring social categories into formalized ones and vice versa. A further perspective of this problem is seen in the foundation of a theory of coordination of the structures of a mathematical model and the subject structures of a social object, taking into account its subject features.
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Edori ES, Iyama WA, and Edori OS. "Application of pollution assessment models in soil contaminated by heavy metals in two steel rods markets, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.9.2.0099.
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Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30cm within two steel markets and a control site in Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria to assess the level of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As) in the environment. Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer was used to analyze the samples for heavy metals. The concentrations of all the heavy metals in the steel rods markets exceeded that of the control. The results indicated that heavy metals concentrations in the sites were in the order; Mile III > Kala > RSU. The average levels of contamination of heavy metals recorded followed the order Fe > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cd in Mile III, Fe > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Cd in Kala and Fe > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > As > Cd in RSU (control). Mean concentrations obtained for heavy metals within the months of investigation were; 1420.931±9.155, 7.753±0.184, 8.730±0.050, 2.843±0.124, 9.428±0.122, 7.433±0.047 and 3.732±0.047 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively at the mile III station, while the mean concentrations of heavy metals observed at the Kala station were; 1161.173±1.823, 9.425±0.054, 7.596±0.027, 1.425±0.020, 6.507±0.006, 5.455±0.033 and 1.901±0.010 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively. The mean values of heavy metals concentrations observed at the RSU station within the period were; 892.064±1.025,5.603±0.007, 5.841±0.051, 0.173±0.005, 3.389±0.009, 2.309±0.010 and 0.706±0.006 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively. Pollution assessment models used for assessing the anthropogenic input on the quality of the soil in the area using the control site as the basis of judgment were: contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), contamination degree (CD), modified contamination degree (mCD), potential ecological risk coefficient (Eir), potential ecological risk index (RI), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and anthropogenicity. These indices revealed that the steel markets were contaminated and polluted and poses ecological risks by heavy metals, even though the values obtained were still below the WHO acceptable limits. The steel rods markets need to be adequately monitored and regulated to avoid further soil contamination by heavy metals to a degree that will be dangerous to human health.
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Gruzdev, D. A., D. B. Sobolev, A. N. Plotitsyn, and A. V. Zhuravlev. "Manifestation of the Late Famennian Dasberg Event in the shelf-batial transition (Pai-Khoi sequences)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 21, no. 6 (December 29, 2021): 805–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2021-21-6-805-828.
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Research subject. Regional manifestations of the Dasberg eustatic event in the shelf and bathyal Pai-Khoi successions. The event appears in the Lower-Middle expansa zones interval (Upper Devonian, Famennian).Aim. To evaluate the manifestations of the event in the realm of transition from the shallow-water shoal succession of the Pai-Khoi carbonate parautokhtone towards the deep-water (bathyal) successions of the Kara shale allokhtone.Materials and methods. A number of successions comprising different facies and located in different parts of Pai-Khoi were studied: the Silova-Yakha River section and Tal’beyshor Creek section (south-western Pai-Khoi), the Lymbad’yakha section and the Peschanaya River section (northern Pai-Khoi). The interpretation of facies and the reconstruction of transgression-regression couplets were conducted based on the previously developed models of shoal and bathyal sedimentation. The stratigraphic framework comprised data on conodonts, transgression acmes, and carbonate carbon isotopic record.Results. The Pai-Khoi successions comprising Lower–Middle expansa zones demonstrate four transgression-regression cycles. The transgression acme of the third cycle marks the Dasberg eustatic event. The absence of anoxia is characteristic of this event in the region under consideration. The carbonate carbon isotope record of the Silova-Yakha River section shows a structure similar to that of North American successions. Variations in δ13Cкарб were likely to be caused by climate changes and perturbations of the global oceanic circulation.Conclusions. The stratigraphic interval comprising Lower–Middle expansa or Lower–Upper expansa (expansa s. l.) zones is detected clearly in different facies. A more detailed subdivision and correlation in the region under consideration is possible on the basis of evaluating manifestations of the Dasberg eustatic event: a characteristic eustatic succession and variations of the carbonate carbon isotopic composition.
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Yoshioka, Hidekazu. "Fitting a superposition of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process to time series of discharge in a perennial river environment." ANZIAM Journal 63 (June 28, 2022): C84—C96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v63.16985.
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Classical Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (ou) processes are Lévy-driven linear stochastic models with exponentially decaying autocorrelation functions which do not always fit more slowly decaying real time series data. A superposition of ou processes (known as a supou process) is proposed to overcome this issue for application to river discharge time series data. The discharge data has a sub-exponential autocorrelation function and this is captured by the supou process based on the mean reversion speed generated by a Gamma distribution. All the parameters of the supou process are identified by matching the autocorrelation and the first to fourth statistical moments of the discharge data. The empirical and modelled histograms of the discharge data are comparable with each other. References O. E. Barndorff-Nielsen. Superposition of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type processes. Theory Prob. Appl. 45.2 (2001), pp. 175–194. doi: 10.1137/S0040585X97978166 O. E. Barndorff-Nielsen, F. E. Benth, and A. E. D. Veraart. Modelling energy spot prices by volatility modulated Lévy-driven Volterra processes. Bernoulli 19.3 (2013), pp. 803–845. doi: 10.3150/12-BEJ476 O. E. Barndorff-Nielsen and N. N. Leonenko. Burgers’ turbulence problem with linear or quadratic external potential. J. Appl. Prob. 42.2 (2001), pp. 550–565. url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30040809 J. Beran, Y. Feng, S. Ghosh, and R. Kulik. Long-Memory Processes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-35512-7 F. Fuchs and R. Stelzer. Mixing conditions for multivariate infinitely divisible processes with an application to mixed moving averages and the supOU stochastic volatility model. ESAIM: Prob. Stat. 17 (2013), pp. 455–471. doi: 10.1051/ps/2011158 Y. Kabanov and S. Pergamenshchikov. Ruin probabilities for a Lévy-driven generalised Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Fin. Stoch. 24.1 (2020), pp. 39–69. doi: 10.1007/s00780-019-00413-3 R. Kawai and H. Masuda. On simulation of tempered stable random variates. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 235.8 (2011), pp. 2873–2887. doi: 10.1016/j.cam.2010.12.014 S. Pelacani and F. G. Schmitt. Scaling properties of the turbidity and streamflow time series at two different locations of an intra-Apennine stream: Case study. J. Hydro. 603.B (2021), p. 126943. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126943 R. Stelzer, T. Tosstorff, and M. Wittlinger. Moment based estimation of supOU processes and a related stochastic volatility model. Stat. Risk Model. 32.1 (2015), pp. 1–24. doi: 10.1515/strm-2012-1152 S. Suweis, E. Bertuzzo, G. Botter, A. Porporato, I. Rodriguez-Iturbe, and A. Rinaldo. Impact of stochastic fluctuations in storage-discharge relations on streamflow distributions. Water Resource. Res. 46.3 (2010), W03517. doi: 10.1029/2009WR008038 M. Tamborrino and P. Lansky. Shot noise, weak convergence and diffusion approximations. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 418 (2021), p. 132845. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2021.132845 E. Taufer and N. Leonenko. Simulation of Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes with given marginal distribution. In: Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 53.6 (2009), pp. 2427–2437. doi: 10.1016/j.csda.2008.02.026 C. Van Den Broeck. On the relation between white shot noise, Gaussian white noise, and the dichotomic Markov process. J. Stat. Phys. 31 (1983), pp. 467–483. doi: 10.1007/BF01019494 H. Yoshioka and Y. Yoshioka. Designing cost-efficient inspection schemes for stochastic streamflow environment using an effective Hamiltonian approach. Opt. Eng. (2021), pp. 1–33. doi: 10.1007/s11081-021-09655-7
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Matondang, Muhammad Anshari, Ahmad Perwira Mulia, and Muhammad Faisal. "Analisa Area Genangan Banjir Sungai Babura Berbasis Hec-Ras dan Gis." Jurnal Health Sains 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2022): 180–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v3i1.381.
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Banjir merupakan kejadian bencana alam yang sering terjadi di Indonesia khususnya Kota Medan. Peta kawasan rentan bencana alam khususnya genangan banjir diperlukan untuk mitigasi bencana banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan peta genangan banjir Sungai Babura yang melintasi kawasan Kota Medan akibat meluapnya Sungai Babura. Data pengukuran cross section lapangan, topografi Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), topografi Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS) digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan elevasi menggunakan software Global Mapper, dan pemodelan peta genangan banjir mengintegrasikan software Hydrologic Engineering Centre-River Analysis System (HECRAS) dengan software QGIS. Metode Log Person III memenuhi syarat agihan distribusi frekuensi curah hujan, uji chi-kuadrat, dan uji smirnov-olmogorof. Metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Nakayasu digunakan untuk menghitung debit kala ulang 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, dan 100 tahun. Dari hasil analisis genangan banjir menggunakan data topografi LiDAR diketahui bahwa 19 kelurahan yaitu Anggrung, Beringin, Darat, Gedung Johor, Jati, Kesawan, Kwala Bekala, Mangga, Merdeka, Padang Bulan, Pangkalan Mansyur, Pasar Merah Barat, Petisah Hulu, Petisah Tengah, Polonia, Sarirejo, Sikambing D, Simalingkar B, dan Titi Rantai. Nilai RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) cross section lapangan terhadap data topografi LiDAR, data topografi DEMNAS, dan cross section data topografi LiDAR terhadap data topografi DEMNAS adalah 2,73; 4,74; 3,40; serta nilai RMSE area genangan data topografi LiDAR terhadap data topografi DEMNAS sebesar 0,1052; 0,1176; 0,1208; 0,1250; 0,1252; 0,1253; 0,1253; 0,1210; untuk debit kala ulang 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, dan 100 tahun
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Kuznetsova, Valentina. "Old-Russian needle-cases with an arched openwork back." Archaeological news 28 (2020): 334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-334-346.
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Needle-cases of the 12th–13th century with arched openwork backs and rattle-pendants are known in historiography as an attribute of the Finno-Ugrian culture. The most of their finds come from kurgan cemeteries of the Ladoga and Upper-Volga regions. They have been also encountered in layers of Novgorod and Izborsk, burial grounds of Madi (Estonia), Zamikutye (former Gdov Uyezd), Tikhman’ga (Arkhangelsk Oblast), and Kintusovo (on the Salym River, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District). Some objects come from the collection of the Teploukhovs from the Perm Cis-Urals, from the Ydzhydyel cemetery in the Republic of Komi and from Vaygach Island. These objects were manufactured using a wax model and have an abundant decoration. They have a typical for Northwestern Russia form of tubular needle-case, but the origin of their decoration (twisted cord, slanting guilloche, volutes, etc.) is related with the Volga and Kama region. These artefacts cannot be considered as exclusively Finno-Ugrian ones. They belong to the culture of Old Rus’ but are executed in a syncretic style reflecting the contacts between the North-West and North-East of the forest zone.
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Br. Gultom, Bontor Jumaylinda, and Tri Wibowo Caesariadi. "PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TEPIAN SUNGAI TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN RUANG SIRKULASI DAN RUANG TERBUKA SEBAGAI RESPON MITIGASI BENCANA BERBASIS BENCANA AIR DI SINTANG." LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 5, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v5i2.29889.
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Sintang merupakan salah satu kota di Kalimantan Barat yang berada di pertemuan dua sungai, yaitu sungai Kapuas dan Sungai Melawi. Kelurahan Kapuas Kiri Hilir, Kelurahan Menyumbung Tengah dan Kelurahan Ulak Jaya merupakan kawasan permukiman padat yang sudah ada sejak lama di Sintang, dekat dengan pusat historis Kota Sintang yaitu Keraton Sintang dan tetap eksis sampai sekarang. Sedangkan kondisi dunia yang sedang mengalami pemanasan global mengakibatkan kawasan-kawasan yang berhubungan langsung dengan air rentan mengalami kenaikan permukaan air sungai (pasang air). Mengingat mahalnya harga nyawa manusia maka diperlukan penelitian pada pemanfaatan ruang sirkulasi dan ruang terbuka untuk mitigasi bencana berbasis bencana air ketiga kelurahan tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengilustrasikan model mitigasi bencana berbasis bencana air (hydrometeorological disaster), dilihat dari persepsi masyarakat dan pemanfaatan ruang sirkulasi dan ruang terbuka.Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pola pikir induktif yaitu berpikir berlandaskan pandangan khusus ke umum. Teknik pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, dan analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengukur persepsi masyarakat akan bencana berbasis bencana air. Sedangkan metode kualitatif mendeskripsikan dalam bentuk ilustrasi pemanfaatan ruang terbuka dan sirkulasi.Hasil penelitian persepsi masyarakat disimpulkan bahwa bencana yang sering terjadi adalah bencana kenaikan permukaan air (banjir/pasang). Masyarakat juga berpendapat walaupun mereka menghadapi kemarau, namun dampaknya tidak terlalu terasa karena mereka sudah mengantisipasi dengan menyediakan tempat penampungan air. Dan berdasarkan kondisi fisik lapangan, model mitigasi bencana berupa jalur sirkulasi berupa titian (papan kayu).Kata-kata Kunci: mitigasi, bencana, persepsi, ruang, sirkulasiTHE PERCEPTION OF RIVERBANK COMMUNITY ON UTILIZATION OF CIRCULATION AND OPEN SPACE AS DISASTER MITIGATION RESPONSE BASED ON WATER DISASTER IN SINTANGSintang is one of the cities in West Kalimantan which lies in the confluence of two rivers, i.e. Kapuas River and Melawi River. Kapuas Kiri Hilir Village, Menyumbung Tengah Village and Ulak Jaya Village have been densely populated residential areas in Sintang for a long time, located close to the historical centre of Sintang i.e. Sintang Palace and still exists today. While the condition of the world that is experiencing global warming has resulted in areas that are directly related to water susceptible to rising water levels (tidal water). Given the value of human life, research is needed on the use of the circulation space and open space for disaster mitigation based on water in the three villages.This study aims to identify and illustrate a model of water disaster-based mitigation (hydrometeorological disaster), seen from the public perception and utilization of circulation and open space.This research was conducted using an inductive mindset, which is thinking based from specific detail to general truth. Data collection techniques, data processing, and analysis were carried out by comparing quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative was used to measure people's perceptions of disaster based on water-disaster. Whereas qualitative method described the illustration of open space and circulation.The results of the research on community perceptions concluded that disaster that often occurs is disaster of rising water levels (flood / tide). The community also believes that even though they face droughts, the impact is not too pronounced because they have anticipated it by providing water reservoirs. And based on the physical field condition, the suitable disaster mitigation model is circulation paths in the form of wooden board.Keywords: mitigation, disaster, percention, space, circulation REFERENCESHaifani, Akhmad Muktaf. 2008. Manajemen Resiko Bencana Gempa Bumi (Studi Kasus Gempabumi Yogyakarta 27 Mei 2006). Seminar Nasional IV Sdm Teknologi Nuklir Yogyakarta, 25-26 Agustus 2008 ISSN 1978-0176Haryanti, Dini Tri. 2008. Kajian Pola Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Publik Kawasan Bundaran Simpang Lima Semarang. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro, TesisJokowinarno, Dwi. 2011. Mitigasi Bencana Tsunami Di Wilayah Pesisir Lampung. Lampung: Jurnal Rekayasa Vol. 15 No. 1, April 2011Krier, Rob. (1979). Urban Space. New York: Rizzoli.Nugroho, Erik Kado, Endang Pudjihartati, Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak. 2014. Redesain Sistem Sirkulasi, Parkir Dan Rambu-Rambu Lanskap Kampus 1 Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana. AGRIC Vol.26, No. 1 & 2, Juli - Desember 2014: 61 - 74Nurdiyana. 2017. Persepsi Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Terhadap Tayangan Stand Up Comedy KompasTV Sebagai Program Komedi Populer Di Indonesia. Makassar: Universitas HasanuddinRachmatullah, Michael, Octavianus H.A. Rogi, Sonny Tilaar. 2016. Evaluasi Kebijakan Pola Ruang Dan Struktur Ruang Berbasis Mitigasi Bencana Banjir (Studi Kasus : Kota Palu). Manado: Universitas Sam RatulangiRahmat, Jalalludin. 2004. Psikologi Komunikasi. Bandung, Remaja RosdakaryaSubiyantoro, I. (2010). Selayang Pandang tentang Bencana. Jurnal Dialog Penanggulangan Bencana, 1, 43-46Walgito, Bimo. 2004. Pengantar Psikologi Umum. Yogyakarta: Andi OfsetWardhana, W. A. 2010. Dampak Pemanasan Global. Yogyakarta: Penerbit AndiWikantiyoso, Respati. 2010. Mitigasi Bencana Di Perkotaan; Adaptasi Atau Antisipasi Perencanaan Dan Perancangan Kota ? (Potensi Kearifan Lokal Dalam Perencanaan Dan Perancangan Kota Untuk Upaya Mitigasi Bencana). Malang: Volume:II, Nomor: 1. Halaman: 18 - 29
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Purwiyanto, Anna Ida Sunaryo. "Distribution And Metal Adsorption of Lead (Pb) In Estuary Banyuasin, South Sumatra (Distribusi dan Adsorpsi Logam Timbal (Pb) di Muara Sungai Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan)." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 3, 2015): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.20.3.153-162.
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Muara Sungai Banyuasin merupakan wilayah penting bagi masyarakat Sumatera Selatan. Tingginya aktivitas yang terjadi, mengakibatkan muara ini menjadi rentan pencemaran, terutama logam Pb, baik pada biota maupun perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan logam berat Pb dan memprediksi terjadinya adsorpsi logam Pb pada kolom perairan dan sedimen seluruh sisi dan bagian Muara Sungai Banyuasin menggunakan pendekatan pemodelan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 stasiun yang mewakili 3 daerah muara, yaitu bagian luar muara, tengah muara, dan bagian dalam muara, dimana pada tiap stasiun diambil 3 sampel air (permukaan air, kolom air, dan dasar perairan) dan 1 sampel sedimen. Logam Pb pada sampel air dan sedimen dianalisis menggunakan AAS. Data divisualisasikan dalam bentuk peta distribusi persebaran dengan bantuan software ODV, sedangkan adsorpsi logam Pb pada perairan dimodelkan dengan menggunakan model partisi, Freundlich dan Langmuir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa logam Pb di Muara Sungai Banyuasin merupakan akumulasi dari aktivitas manusia pada hulu sungai dengan konsentrasi yang telah melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup. Konsentrasi logam Pb lebih tinggi pada bagian sedimen sehingga mengindikasikan bahwa memang terjadi adsorpsi logam Pb oleh sedimen. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa proses adsorpsi logam Pb tersebut berlangsung sesuai dengan asumsi Langmuir dengan dominasi fisiosorpsi. Kata kunci: distribusi, logam Pb, adsorpsi, pemodelan, Muara Sungai Banyuasin Banyuasin River estuary is an important area for the people of South Sumatra. The high activity that occurs in this estuary resulted susceptible of pollution, especially Pb, both on water and aquatic organism. This research aims to analyze the content of heavy metals Pb and predict the occurrence of adsorption of Pb in the water column and sediments around the sides and the estuary Banyuasin using modeling approaches. This study used three stations representing three regions of the estuary, which was the outer estuary, the middle estuary, and the inside of the estuary, where at each station were taken three samples of water (surface water, water column and bottom waters) and one sediment sample. Pb in water and sediment samples were analyzed using AAS method. The data is visualized in the form of a map of the distribution of the spread used ODV software, while the adsorption of Pb on the waters modeled using partition models, Freundlich models and Langmuir models. The results showed that Pb in the estuary Banyuasin as accumulation of human activities on the river upstream with the concentration has exceeded the threshold set by the Minister of the Environment. Pb concentration was higher in the sediments indicated that indeed happened Pb adsorption by sediment. Modeling results indicated that the adsorption process of Pb was held in accordance with the Langmuir assuming fisiosorption domination. Keywords: distribution, metal Pb, adsorption, modelling, Estuary Banyuasin
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Bachri, Syamsul, Yulius Eka Aldianto, Sumarmi Sumarmi, Kresno Sastro Bangun Utomo, and Mohammad Naufal Fathoni. "FLOOD MODELLING OF BADENG RIVER USING HEC-RAS IN SINGOJURUH SUB DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI REGENCY, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 13, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v13i1.19211.
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The flood disaster is a severe threat in Indonesia due to the enormous impacts on environmental degradation, social and economic sectors. One flood event due to the overflow is the Badeng River's flooding in 2018 at Singojuruh Subdistrict, Banyuwangi Regency. The flood had a detrimental impact on the local community, especially on agricultural land and residential. Anticipatory steps need to be taken to minimize losses due to flooding in the future. Inundation modelling in this research is purposed to predict flood hazards. Hence it can have appropriate anticipatory steps in the future. The software used to model the inundation in this study was the HEC-RAS Program. Data needed in this study are river geometry, manning coefficient, and maximum daily rainfall from the year 2010 until 2019. The research e stages in this study consist of (1) Calculation of watershed morphometry, (2) Calculation of average regional rainfall, (3) Calculation of rainfall plan, (4) Rain Data Suitability Test, (5) Calculation of Rain Intensity, (6) Calculation of Flood Discharge Plan, (7) Geometry Modelling, (8) Extraction of Manning Coefficient, and (9) Inundation Simulation. The results of the Gama 1 method's peak discharge plan showed an increase in each return period. The area with the highest level of susceptibility around the Badeng River occurs in Alasmalang Village, Singojuruh Subdistrict. This area has the smallest river storage capacity than other river crossings. Hence it has the most significant potential for flooding.Keywords: inundation modelling, flood, HEC-RAS, Badeng RiverBencana banjir menjadi ancaman serius bagi negara Indonesia karena memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap kerusakan lingkungan, sosial maupun ekonomi. Salah satu kejadiannya adalah banjir yang terjadi akibat luapan sungai Badeng pada tahun 2018 di Kecamatan Singojuruh, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Kejadian Banjir tersebut memberikan dampak yang merugikan bagi masyarakat setempat, terutama pada lahan pertanian dan permukiman. Langkah antisipasi perlu dilakukan untuk meminimalisir kerugian akibat bencana banjir di masa mendatang. Pemodelan genangan dalam penelitian ini dibuat bertujuan untuk memprediksi bahaya banjir, sehingga dapat dilakukan langkah antisipasi yang tepat. Software yang digunakan untuk memodelkan genangan dalam penelitian ini adalah Program HEC-RAS. Data yang dibutuhkan berupa data geometri sungai, koefisien manning dan curah hujan harian maksimum selama periode tahun 2010 sampai 2019. Beberapa tahapan dalam penelitian ini meliputi (1) Perhitungan morfometri DAS, (2) Perhitungan hujan rerata wilayah, (3) Perhitungan curah hujan rencana, (4) Uji Kesesuaian Data Hujan, (5) Perhitungan Intensitas Hujan, (6) Perhitungan Debit banjir rencana, (7) Pemodelan geometri, (8) Ekstraksi angka kekasaran manning, dan (9) Simulasi Genangan. Hasil perhitungan debit puncak rencana metode Gama 1 menunjukkan peningkatan pada setiap periode ulang. Daerah yang mempunyai tingkat kerawanan paling besar adalah areal sekitar Sungai Badeng yang berada di Desa Alasmalang Kecamatan Singojuruh. Daerah ini memiliki kapasitas tampung sungai yang paling kecil daripada penampang sungai yang lainnya, sehingga memiliki potensi terjadinya banjir paling besar. Kata kunci: pemodelan genangan, banjir, HEC-RAS, Sungai Badeng
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Bahtiar, La Anadi, Wa Nurgayah, Emiyarti, and Harmin Hari. "PERTUMBUHAN, KEMATIAN DAN TINGKAT EKSPLOITASI KERANG POKEA (BATISSA VIOLACEA VAR. CELEBENSIS, VON MARTENS 1897) PADA SEGMEN MUARA SUNGAI LASOLO SULAWESI TENGGARA." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 7, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.7.2.137-147.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">ABSTRACT<br />Pokeas (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897) are economic Sulawesi’s clam which production has continued to decline in line with the increase in fishing activities. This study aimed to determine the parameters of growth, mortality and exploitation level of pokea at estuary segment in Lasolo River, Southeast Sulawesi. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in the management of pokea resources in Southeast Sulawesi. Data segregation for age group, growth, mortality (natural, catches and total) and the degree of exploitation were analized by Bhattacharya method, inverse model von Bertalanffy, length converted catch curve and empirical Pauly, that accommodated in FiSAT II version 1.1.3. Results showed that male and female pokea were distributed as juvenile, adult to broodstock, dominated by adult. The growth pattern (Lt) of male and female, was = 6.46-(6.46-0.025)e<sup>-2.8t</sup> and Lt = 7.79-(7.79-0.025)e<sup>-0.5t</sup>,<br />respectively. Natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and total mortality (Z) in males were found higher than females. In general, the utilization level of pokea in the Lasolo river has experienced over exploitation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Keywords: clam, Lasolo River, management resources, pokea, Southeast Sulawesi</p><p style="text-align: justify;">ABSTRAK<br />Kerang pokea (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897) merupakan kerang ekonomis dari Sulawesi yang produksinya terus mengalami penurunan sejalan dengan peningkatan aktivitas pengambilannya di alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter pertumbuhan, kematian dan tingkat eksploitasi kerang pokea di segmen muara Sungai<br />Lasolo Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya kerang pokea di Sulawesi Tenggara. Data pemisahan kelompok umur, pertumbuhan, kematian (alami, tangkapan dan total) dan tingkat eksploitasi masing-masing menggunakan metode Bhattacharya, model inverse von Bertalanffy, hasil tangkapan yang dikonversi dari data lebar cangkang dan empiris Pauly yang terakomodasi dalam program FiSAT II versi 1.1.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pokea jantan dan betina tersebar dari ukuran anak, dewasa dan tua yang didominasi pada ukuran dewasa. Pola pertumbuhan jantan dan betina masing-masing yaitu: Lt = 6.46-(6.46-0.025)e<sup>-2.8t</sup> dan Lt = 7.79-(7.79-0.025)e<sup>-0.5t</sup> . Kematian pokea tertinggi secara alami (M), penangkapan (F) dan total (Z) pada jantan ditemukan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kematian pada pokea betina. Secara umum, tingkat pemanfaatan kerang pokea di Sungai Lasolo telah mengalami lebih tangkap.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Kata kunci: kerang, Sungai Lasolo, manajemen sumberdaya, pokea, Sulawesi Tenggara</p>
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Serykh, I. V., and A. V. Tolstikov. "Climate change in the western part of the Russian Arctic in 1980–2021. Part 1. Air temperature, precipitation, wind." Arctic and Antarctic Research 68, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-3-258-277.
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The warming of the Arctic climate is confirmed by changes in the main hydrometeorological values of the atmosphere and ocean over a long period of time, and it is most pronounced in the recent decades. Based on monthly average data from the reanalysis of NASA MERRA-2 satellite measurements, we studied climate changes in air temperature, precipitation, and wind speed in the region of the western part of the Russian Arctic (60°–75° N, 30°–85° E) over 1980–2021. The transition between 2000 and 2001 was chosen as the time boundary between the periods, based on the application of the model of stepwise transitions from one quasi-stationary regime to another. Using this method, 2001 was found to be the smallest step year in the western Russian Arctic region. Significant changes in the parameters studied between the periods 1980–2000 and 2001–2021 are shown. Moreover, the strongest increase in temperature was observed for the months of November and April, which indicates a shift in the boundaries of the seasons — a later start and an early end of winter. It was found that in the period 2001–2021 the temperature increased most rapidly in the water areas of the Barents and Kara seas, and this growth occurred with acceleration. Negative temperature changes were found in the winter season in the areas where large rivers flow into the Barents and Kara Seas. It is hypothesized that this is due to the detected increase in the amount of precipitation in the catchment area of these rivers in 2001–2021 compared to 1980–2000. It is shown that the detected increase in the amount of precipitation is associated with a significant change in the atmospheric circulation in the region under study. In the summer season and September the western wind intensified in the region under study. During the winter season 2001–2021 in the Barents and Kara Seas the south wind increased compared to 1980–2000. Thus, significant changes in the climate of the western part of the Russian Arctic occurred during the time period considered. Westerly transport from the North Atlantic has intensified, precipitation has increased, and there has been an accelerated rise in temperature. All this contributed to the “atlantification” of the climate of the western part of the Russian Arctic.
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Lim, Hyung-Gyu, Jong-Yeon Park, John P. Dunne, Charles A. Stock, Sung-Ho Kang, and Jong-Seong Kug. "Importance of Human-Induced Nitrogen Flux Increases for Simulated Arctic Warming." Journal of Climate 34, no. 10 (May 2021): 3799–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0180.1.
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AbstractHuman activities such as fossil fuel combustion, land-use change, nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, emission of livestock, and waste excretion accelerate the transformation of reactive N and its impact on the marine environment. This study elucidates that anthropogenic N fluxes (ANFs) from atmospheric and river deposition exacerbate Arctic warming and sea ice loss via physical–biological feedback. The impact of physical–biological feedback is quantified through a suite of experiments using a coupled climate–ocean–biogeochemical model (GFDL-CM2.1-TOPAZ) by prescribing the preindustrial and contemporary amounts of riverine and atmospheric N fluxes into the Arctic Ocean. The experiment forced by ANFs represents the increase in ocean N inventory and chlorophyll concentrations in present and projected future Arctic Ocean relative to the experiment forced by preindustrial N flux inputs. The enhanced chlorophyll concentrations by ANFs reinforce shortwave attenuation in the upper ocean, generating additional warming in the Arctic Ocean. The strongest responses are simulated in the Eurasian shelf seas (Kara, Barents, and Laptev Seas; 65°–90°N, 20°–160°E) due to increased N fluxes, where the annual mean surface temperature increase by 12% and the annual mean sea ice concentration decrease by 17% relative to the future projection, forced by preindustrial N inputs.