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Journal articles on the topic "KASP markers"
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Cheon, Kyeong-Seong, Young-Min Jeong, Hyoja Oh, Jun Oh, Do-Yu Kang, Nyunhee Kim, Eungyeong Lee, et al. "Development of 454 New Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) Markers for Temperate japonica Rice Varieties." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111531.
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Temperate japonica rice varieties exhibit wide variation in the phenotypes of several important agronomic traits, including disease resistance, pre-harvest sprouting resistance, plant architecture, and grain quality, indicating the presence of genes contributing to favorable agronomic traits. However, gene mapping and molecular breeding has been hampered as a result of the low genetic diversity among cultivars and scarcity of polymorphic DNA markers. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers allow high-throughput genotyping for marker-assisted selection and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping within closely related populations. Previously, we identified 740,566 SNPs and developed 771 KASP markers for Korean temperate japonica rice varieties. However, additional markers were needed to provide sufficient genome coverage to support breeding programs. In this study, the 740,566 SNPs were categorized according to their predicted impacts on gene function. The high-impact, moderate-impact, modifier, and low-impact groups contained 703 (0.1%), 20,179 (2.7%), 699,866 (94.5%), and 19,818 (2.7%) SNPs, respectively. A subset of 357 SNPs from the high-impact group was selected for initial KASP marker development, resulting in 283 polymorphic KASP markers. After incorporation of the 283 markers with the 771 existing markers in a physical map, additional markers were developed to fill genomic regions with large gaps between markers, and 171 polymorphic KASP markers were successfully developed from 284 SNPs. Overall, a set of 1225 KASP markers was produced. The markers were evenly distributed across the rice genome, with average marker density of 3.3 KASP markers per Mbp. The 1225 KASP markers will facilitate QTL/gene mapping and marker-assisted selection in temperate japonica rice breeding programs.
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Majeed, Uzma, Essam Darwish, Shoaib Ur Rehman, and Xueyong Zhang. "Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP): A Singleplex Genotyping Platform and Its Application." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n1p11.
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Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can be detected by mining sequence databases or by using different singleplex or multiplex SNP genotyping platforms. Development of high-throughput genotyping molecular markers can be instrumental towards maximizing genetic gain. In this review we provide an overview of Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping platform requirements and its application that might be helpful in KASP marker development. This literature further illustrates the possibilities to design KASP primers. Several research institutes routinely using KASP platform, producing in excess of humungous data points yearly for breeding cultivars and as well as for medical and commercial purposes. KASP genotyping technology offers cost effectiveness and high throughput molecular marker development platform. Conventional molecular markers can be converted into more robust and high throughput KASP markers. More than 2000 published references clearly show the popularity of KASP technology among the researchers.
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Radanović, Aleksandra, Yves Sprycha, Milan Jocković, Monja Sundt, Dragana Miladinović, Constantin Jansen, and Renate Horn. "KASP Markers Specific for the Fertility Restorer Locus Rf1 and Application for Genetic Purity Testing in Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)." Genes 13, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13030465.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with fertility restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) PET1 by the restorer gene Rf1. For these SNPs, four Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were successfully designed. The KASP markers cover the fertility restorer locus Rf1, spanning about 3 Mb, and clearly differentiate restorer and maintainer lines. For genetic purity testing in sunflower hybrid production, the efficiency for detecting contaminations in samples was simulated using mixtures of hypocotyls or leaves. Contaminations of restorer lines with 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 50% of maintainer lines were screened with all four KASP markers. Contaminations of 10% could be clearly detected in pools of 100 plants. Contaminations below this level require detection on a single plant level. For single plant detections, ethyl methanesulfonate-treated sunflower F1 hybrids, which had been phenotypically evaluated for male sterility (potential mutation in the Rf1 gene) were screened. Nine identified either partially male-sterile or male-sterile plants were analyzed with all four KASP markers and only one proved to be a hybrid with a mutation, seven were male-sterile contaminants in the F1 seeds used (1.6%) and one a recombinant plant. The four KASP markers should be valuable tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in sunflower breeding regarding the restorer locus Rf1.
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Swisher Grimm, Kylie D., and Lyndon D. Porter. "Development and Validation of KASP Markers for the Identification of Pea seedborne mosaic virus Pathotype P1 Resistance in Pisum sativum." Plant Disease 104, no. 6 (June 2020): 1824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-19-1920-re.
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As pesticides have become heavily relied on for management of insect pests vectoring economically important pathogens of vegetable crops, development of pathogen-resistant germplasm remains a promising alternative to reduce or eliminate costly and timely chemical inputs. Molecular markers can be used to rapidly identify resistant genotypes to aid breeders in advancing germplasm. This study developed two kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) genotyping markers for rapid screening of Pisum sativum genotypes for resistance to Pea seedborne mosaic virus pathotype P1 (PSbMV-P1), the most economically devastating strain worldwide. The KASP markers differentiate two eIF4E PSbMV-P1-resistant allelic variants from susceptible eIF4E variants. A single nucleotide polymorphism (Resistant 1) and a 3-basepair deletion (Resistant 2) present in either of the two resistant alleles were used for marker design. Forty-four P. sativum lines previously characterized for resistance to PSbMV were inoculated with PSbMV-P1 in a greenhouse, observed for visual symptoms, assayed for virus susceptibility by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotyped by KASP marker analysis. The KASP markers were 100% accurate in characterizing PSbMV-P1-susceptible and PSbMV-P1-resistant genotypes when correlated with the ELISA results. The Resistant 1 marker also correlated with resistance to PSbMV pathotypes P2 and P4 completely, making this marker a new advanced tool for P. sativum breeding programs.
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Sayadi Maazou, Abdoul-Raouf, Melaku Gedil, Victor O. Adetimirin, Silvestro Meseka, Wende Mengesha, Deborah Babalola, Queen Nkem Offornedo, and Abebe Menkir. "Comparative Assessment of Effectiveness of Alternative Genotyping Assays for Characterizing Carotenoids Accumulation in Tropical Maize Inbred Lines." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102022.
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The development of maize varieties with increased concentration of Provitamin A (PVA) is an effective and affordable strategy to combat vitamin A deficiency in developing nations. However, the considerably high cost of carotene analysis poses a major challenge for maize PVA biofortification, prompting the use of marker-assisted selection. Presently, two types of genotyping with PVA trait-linked functional markers have been developed and extensively used in breeding programs. The two systems are low throughput gel-based genotyping and genotyping with Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers. Although the KASP SNPs genotyping was developed to replace the gel-based genotyping, studies have not been conducted to compare the effectiveness of the KASP SNPs markers with the gel-based markers. This study was conducted to assess the carotenoid content of 64 tropical PVA biofortified maize inbred lines containing temperate germplasm in their genetic backgrounds and screen them with both gel-based and KASP markers of PSY1, LCYE and crtRB1 genes. Many of the 64 inbred lines had PVA concentrations surpassing the 15 µg/g provitamin A breeding target set by the HarvestPlus Challenge Program. Favorable alleles of crtRB1, crtRB1 and the KASP SNPs markers were detected in 25 inbred lines with high PVA concentrations. Inbred lines with the favorable alleles of LCYE had the highest concentrations of non-PVA carotenoids, whereas those with the favorable alleles of crtRB1 had high levels of PVA carotenoids. Data from the sequenced region of LCYE revealed one SNP in the first intron that clearly differentiated the high and low β-carotene maize inbred lines. The results of our study demonstrate that the automated KASP SNPs markers can replace the gel-based genotyping for screening a large number of early generation maize inbred lines for PVA content.
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Anuarbek, Shynar, Saule Abugalieva, and Yerlan Turuspekov. "Validation of Bread Wheat KASP Markers in Durum Wheat Lines in Kazakhstan." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 73, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2019-0071.
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Abstract Development of efficient DNA markers plays an important role in modern breeding projects of many crops, including cultivated hexaploid bread wheat (BW) and tetraploid durum wheat (DW). Findings of genome-wide association studies on major polyploid crops, such as BW, may also help in molecular breeding studies in relative cultivated species with a similar genetic background, including DW. Therefore, the validation of identified quantitative trait loci or marker-trait associations is an important preliminary step in marker-assisted selection (MAS) oriented projects. In this study, thirty-two SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers of six agronomic traits identified in BW, harvested in Kazakhstan, were converted to KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) as-says. Generated 32 KASP assays were used in the analysis of 29 DW accessions from Kazakhstan. Firstly, the group of DW accessions was tested using replicated and randomised one-metre blocks in field conditions of southeast Kazakhstan and evaluated for main agronomic traits. The analysis showed that 14 KASP assays were polymorphic in the scoring of 29 DW accessions. The t-test suggested that the segregation in eight KASP assays was significantly associated with five agronomic traits. The study confirms robustness of KASP assays in MAS of DW breeding projects for the improvement of yield potential.
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Volkova, N. E., H. Slishchuk, V. Sichkar, and O. Zakharova. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the chickpea gene encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase: molecular-genetical analysis." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 30 (September 1, 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1454.
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Aim. Chickpea AHAS gene molecular-marker analysis. To achieve this aim following tasks were set: chickpea AHAS gene SNP markers research and development, chickpea varieties and samples genotyping by the markers. Methods. CTAB method of DNA isolation and purification, real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Chickpea AHAS1 gene KASP gene specificity was found: there were no DNA amplification with lens and maize samples observed. Three Ukrainian chickpea varieties and 28 ICRISAT collection samples KASP genotyping detected only wild-type C-allele. Authors own SNP markers 58 chickpea samples genotyping showed that AHAS1 gene within samples was homozygous, no mutant T allele was detected. Conclusions. 31 chickpea samples contained wild-type C-allele by KASP genotyping, which is associated with imidazoline herbicide susceptibility. 58 chickpea samples contained C-allele by authors own SNP markers genotyping. Mutant T-allele that is associated with tolerance absence indicates researched samples imidazole herbicide tolerance low level.
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Wu, Jianhui, Qilin Wang, Liangsheng Xu, Xianming Chen, Bei Li, Jingmei Mu, Qingdong Zeng, Lili Huang, Dejun Han, and Zhensheng Kang. "Combining Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Array with Bulked Segregant Analysis to Map a Gene Controlling Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Wheat Line 03031-1-5 H62." Phytopathology® 108, no. 1 (January 2018): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-17-0153-r.
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Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is considered the best approach to manage this disease. In order to identify the resistance gene(s) in wheat line 03031-1-5 H62, which displayed high resistance to stripe rust at adult plant stage, a cross was made between 03031-1-5 H62 and susceptible cultivar Avocet S. The mapping population was tested with Chinese P. striiformis f. sp. tritici race CYR32 through artificial inoculation in a field in Yangling, Shaanxi Province and under natural infection in Tianshui, Gansu Province. The segregation ratios indicated that the resistance was conferred by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH62. A combination of bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was used to identify molecular markers linked to YrH62. A total of 376 polymorphic SNP loci identified from the BSA analysis were located on chromosome 1B, from which 35 kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers selected together with 84 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on 1B were used to screen polymorphism and a chromosome region associated with rust resistance was identified. To saturate the chromosomal region covering the YrH62 locus, a 660K SNP array was used to identify more SNP markers. To develop tightly linked markers for marker-assisted selection of YrH62 in wheat breeding, 18 SNPs were converted into KASP markers. A final linkage map consisting of 15 KASP and 3 SSR markers was constructed with KASP markers AX-109352427 and AX-109862469 flanking the YrH62 locus in a 1.0 cM interval. YrH62 explained 63.8 and 69.3% of the phenotypic variation for disease severity and infection type, respectively. YrH62 was located near the centromeric region of chromosome 1BS based on the positions of the SSR markers in 1B deletion bins. Based on the origin, responses to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races, and marker distances, YrH62 is likely different from the other reported stripe rust resistance genes/quantitative trait loci on 1B. The gene and tightly linked KASP markers will be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stripe rust.
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Amalova, A., Yu Genievskaya, S. Abugalieva, V. Chudinov, and Ye Turuspekov. "VALIDATION OF MARKER-TRAIT ASSOCIATIONS IN SIX-ROWED BARLEY LINES BRED IN KAZAKHSTAN." Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology, no. 4 (October 5, 2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11134/btp.4.2022.5.
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Barley is an important cereal crop in Kazakhstan, mostly used for animal feeding, malting, and the food industry. The success of barley production is dependent on the genetic resources (cultivars) available, and local breeding programs that focus on the development of competitive cultivars. One way to develop new high-yielding cultivars and improve the efficiency of breeding programs is the application of modern molecular genetic and genomic tools. One such technology is genome-wide association study (GWAS), which has been successfully applied to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the valuable traits. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on GWAS can be converted to flexible and cost-effective KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) assays and validated for use in future marker-assisted breeding projects. The purpose of this study was to genotype eleven promising six-rowed barley lines using twenty-one KASP assays associated with agronomic traits reported in previous GWAS. The genotyping results suggested that only seven out of twenty-one KASP markers were polymorphic in this group of barley accessions. The t-test output suggested that six out of nine agronomic traits were significantly associated with seven KASPs. Notably, two assays (ipbb_hv_6, ipbb_hv_108) affected both vegetation period (VP) and yield per m2 (YM2) in conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, where barley is growing in more than 80% of total crop sowing areas of the country. The application of these highly informative KASP markers can help enhance the efficiency of local breeding projects in barley.
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Kante, Moctar, Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze, Leticia Portal, Maria David, and Manuel Gastelo. "Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) Markers for Potato: An Effective Tool for Increased Genetic Gains." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112315.
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Potato virus Y (PVY) and Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary that causes potato late blight (LB), pose serious constraints to cultivated potatoes due to significant yield reduction, and phenotyping for resistance remains challenging. Breeding operations for vegetatively propagated crops can lead to genotype mislabeling that, in turn, reduces genetic gains. Low-density and low-cost molecular marker assessment for phenotype prediction and quality control is a viable option for breeding programs. Here, we report on the development of kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers for LB and PVY resistance, and for routine quality control assessment of different breeding populations. Two KASP markers for LB resistance and two for PVY Ryadg were validated with an estimated assay power that ranged between 0.65 and 0.88. The developed QC KASP markers demonstrated the capability of discriminating tetraploid calls in breeding materials, including full-sibs and half-sibs. Routine implementation of the developed markers in a breeding program would assist with better allocation of resources and enable precise characterization of breeding material, thereby leading to increased genetic gains.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "KASP markers"
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Wells, Vanessa. "Discovery and Molecular Mapping of Rust Resistance in Wheat." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18829.
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This investigation covers genetics of rust resistance in common wheat and durum wheat. Stripe rust resistance in AUS26615 was conferred by three QTL and these were temporarily named; QYr.sun-1B, QYr.sun-3D and QYr.sun-6B. QYr.sun-1B represented the previously named APR gene Yr29. The other two QTL appear to be new. The detection of QYr.sun-3D in late sown experiment points to its better expression at relatively higher temperature regimes. The all stage resistance gene, YrAW12, carried by AUS26674, was shown to be Yr34 based on its co-segregation with Yr34-linked marker sunKASP_112 and similar seedling expression. AUS26674/Avocet S RIL population was genotyped with Yr18 and Yr29 linked markers, and responses of RILs carrying different combination of these loci were compared. The RILs carrying combination of YrAW12, Yr18 and Yr29 produced adult plant responses equal to the parent AUS266674. Among the two gene combinations, YrAW12 and Yr18 combination, produced adult plant stripe rust score 3, lower than the score 4 exhibited by other two dual combinations). Four RILs that lacked YrAW12, Yr18 and Yr29 displayed stripe rust response scores 5 to 7 indicating the presence of an additional APR locus in AUS266674. Eight leaf rust genes (Lr1, Lr13, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr27+Lr31, Lr37 and Lr73) and 11 stem rust resistance genes (Sr2, Sr8a, Sr8b, Sr9b, Sr9g, Sr17, Sr23, Sr24, Sr30, Sr31 and Sr38) were postulated singly or in different combinations among a set 85 genotypes. Nine and five lines, respectively, appear to carry uncharacterised leaf rust and stem rust resistance. Adult plant leaf rust responses ranged from 2 to 6, while stem rust scores varied from 2 to 8. Genetic analysis of stem rust resistance in a durum landrace AUS26677 indicated involvement of a single resistance gene, temporarily named SrAW4. SrAW4 was located on chromosome 4B.
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Qureshi, Naeela. "Rust Resistance in Wheat: Gene Discovery and Development of Molecular Markers Using Diverse Genomic Resources." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18003.
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This investigation covered characterization of genetically diverse sources of resistance, identification of molecular markers linked with rust resistance genes and their validation across diverse backgrounds. Genetic analysis of leaf rust resistance using durum-specific pathotypes of the leaf rust pathogen revealed the presence of a single gene in Aus26579 and Aus26582. The resistance gene was mapped on chromosome 6BS. Markers sunKASP_60 and sun684 showed close associations with LrAW2. Lr61 was also mapped on chromosome 6BS and haplotype analysis using linked markers suggested that LrAW2 is likely to be Lr61. Aus26582 carried an additional leaf rust resistance gene that was effective against six Australian Pt pathotypes and was mapped on chromosome 3BL and the underlying locus was temporarily named LrAW3. Marker sun786 mapped 1.8 cM distal to LrAW3. As no other seedling leaf rust resistance gene was previously mapped on chromosome 3BL, LrAW3 was formally named Lr79. Markers sun711, sun712, sun725, sunKASP_109 and sun KASP_112 from chromosome 5AL co-segregated with Yr34. Yr48, also located on chromosome 5AL, was proved to be identical to Yr34 on the basis of allelism test, sequence information and haplotype analysis. Various genomic resources were utilized to identify a close genetic association between the marker sun180 and linked rust resistance genes Yr47 and Lr52 in a fine mapping study. The loci order of sun180-0.4 cM-Lr52-0.2 cM-Yr47 was deduced. Markers linked with LrAW2/Lr61 (sunKASP_60), Lr79 (sun786), Yr34/Yr48 (sun712) and linked resistance genes Yr47 and Lr52 (sun180) did not amplify resistance-linked alleles in any of the cultivars lacking these genes and thus demonstrated their robustness in marker-assisted pyramiding with other marker-tagged rust resistance genes to produce triple rust resistant cultivars.
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Saffdar, Huma. "Rust resistance in wheat: genetic analysis and molecular mapping." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21377.
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Breeding for rust resistance in wheat relies on detailed understanding and availability of existing genetic diversity for rust resistance among global germplasm and knowledge of pathotypic variation among rust pathogens. This study involved assessment of genetic diversity for stem rust resistance in an international wheat nursery ZWB14, inheritance of stripe rust resistance in a common wheat landrace Aus27881 and molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance in genotype ZIZ13:69 imported from International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). All stage resistance (ASR) genes Sr8a, Sr17, Sr24, Sr30, Sr31 and Sr38 and adult plant resistance (APR) genes Sr2, Sr57 and Sr58 were present either singly or in different combinations in entries of ZWB14. Some entries were observed to carry additional uncharacterised resistance. Tri-genic inheritance of stripe rust resistance in Aus27881 was observed. Genotyping with Yr34 and Yr29 linked markers demonstrated the presence of these genes in Aus27881. Third locus that conditioned APR in Aus27881 appears to be new and needs further characterisation. Genotype ZIZ13:69 was demonstrated to carry ASR gene Yr1 and APR gene Yr29 based on greenhouse tests and marker genotyping, respectively. The targeted genotyping by sequencing (tGBS) assay of a set of RILs lacking Yr29 detected a new quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the long arm of chromosome 7D.
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Harrison, Nicole Rezac. "Using next-generation sequencing technologies to develop new molecular markers for the leaf rust resistance gene Lr16." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17662.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Plant Pathology
John P. Fellers
Allan K. Fritz
Leaf rust is caused by Puccinia triticina and is one of the most widespread diseases of wheat worldwide. Breeding for resistance is one of the most effective methods of control. Lr16 is a leaf rust resistance gene that provides partial resistance at the seedling stage. One objective of this study was to use RNA-seq and in silico subtraction to develop new resistance gene analog (RGA) markers linked to Lr16. RNA was isolated from the susceptible wheat cultivar Thatcher (Tc) and the resistant Thatcher isolines TcLr10, TcLr16, and TcLr21. Using in silico subtraction, Tc isoline ESTs that did not align to the Tc reference were assembled into contigs and analyzed using BLAST. Primers were designed from 137 resistance gene analog sequences not found in Tc. A population of 260 F[subscript]2 lines derived from a cross between the rust-susceptible cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) and a Thatcher isoline containing Lr16 (TcLr16) was developed for mapping these markers. Two RGA markers XRGA266585 and XRGA22128 were identified that mapped 1.1 cM and 23.8 cM from Lr16, respectively. Three SSR markers Xwmc764, Xwmc661, and Xbarc35 mapped between these two RGA markers at distances of 4.1 cM, 10.7 cM, and 16.1 cM from Lr16, respectively. Another objective of this study was to use genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers closely linked to Lr16. DNA from 22 resistant and 22 susceptible F[subscript]2 plants from a cross between CS and TcLr16 was used for GBS analysis. A total of 39 Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers were designed from SNPs identified using the UNEAK and Tassel pipelines. The KASP marker XSNP16_TP1456 mapped 0.7 cM proximal to Lr16 in a TcxTcLr16 population consisting of 129 F[subscript]2 plants. These results indicate that both techniques are viable methods to develop new molecular markers. RNA-seq and in silico subtraction were successfully used to develop two new RGA markers linked to Lr16, one of which was more closely linked than known SSR markers. GBS was also successfully used on an F[subscript]2 population to develop a KASP marker that is the most closely linked marker to Lr16 to date.
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Ijaz, Usman. "Molecular Mapping and Microscopic analysis of Faba Bean- Uromyces viciae-fabae Host-Pathogen Interaction." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18416.
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This investigation covered characterisation of various faba bean rust isolates by identifying a differential set in the host; identification of molecular markers linked with rust resistance genes Uvf-2 in Doza#12034 and Uvf-3 in Ac1655 and their validation across diverse backgrounds; and elucidation of the host-pathogen interactions of Uromyces viciae-fabae with faba bean, field pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lupin (Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius) and mungbean (Vigna radiata). The differential pathogenicity in the interaction of Vicia faba × Uromyces viciae-fabae led to the identification of nine faba bean rust pathotypes, characterised by the set of twelve genotypes (regarded as differential), and named 0-10, 0-46, 40-31, 40-55, 24-40, 63-53, 63-49, 55-63 and 63-63. This information will help faba bean breeders to carefully deploy rust resistance gene(s) which can effectively insight resistance against pathotypes of targeted environment. Genetic analysis, using pathotype 24-40, revealed monogenic inheritance of rust resistance in faba bean genotypes Doza#12034 and Ac1655, respectively. After genotyping Fiord/Doza#12034 and Fiord/Ac1655 RILs, two closely linked KASP markers KASP_Vf_0703 and KASP_Ac×F165 were mapped on chromosome III and V with Uvf-2 and Uvf-3, respectively and validated successfully in a set of local/exotic faba bean genotypes. These closely linked markers will allow breeders to implement markers assisted selection for both resistance genes. The histopathology of Australian U. viciae-fabae revealed a host range: both faba bean and field pea were competent hosts showing varietal differences to pathogen responses, with differential expression in resistance; lentil showed complete hypersensitive resistance by expressing cell death; and chickpea, lupin and mungbean appeared as non-hosts.
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Roberts-Lombard, Mornay. "Verhoudingsbemarking by reisagentskappe in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie / Mornay Roberts-Lombard." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1731.
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Žitinevičiūtė, Dovilė. "Aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistų emigracija kaip darbo rinkos politikos Lietuvoje atspindys." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20140626_200447-51947.
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Migracijos reiškinys yra analizuojamas jau seniai. Iki Lietuvos narystės ES (ir po Lietuvos įstojimo į ES) paskelbta daug darbų migracijos tema. Ypač skaudi valstybei bei aktuali yra aukštąjį išsilavinimą turinčių žmonių emigracija, nes tokiu būdu yra ne tik prarandamos lėšos įdėtos į kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos paruošimą, bet ir prastėja valstybės teikiamų paslaugų kokybė, smunka vidutinis šalies kvalifikacijos lygis, o kartu ir šalies konkurencingumas tarptautinėje rinkoje. Darbo objektas – darbo rinkos politikos įtaka aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistų emigracijai. Pagrindiniai uždaviniai - išryškinti emigracijos esmę bei pasekmes; išskirti teorinius aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistams pritaikytus bei su darbo rinka susijusius emigracijos veiksnius; atskleisti Lietuvoje taikomą migracijos politiką; įvertinti aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistų emigracijos veiksnius Lietuvoje, didelį dėmesį skiriant darbo rinkos politikai; atlikti ketinimų emigruoti dėl darbo rinkos situacijos kiekybinį tyrimą bei sukurti jo rezultatus apibendrinantį modelį. Darbas susideda iš trijų pagrindinių dalių. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje išryškinama teoriniai aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistų migracijos aspektai, antrojoje darbo dalyje nagrinėjama statistiniai su emigracija susiję Lietuvos ir emigracijos tikslo šalių duomenys, trečiojoje darbo dalyje atliekamas empirinis tyrimas, siekiant įvertinti ketinimų emigruoti sąryšį su darbo rinkos situaciją. Pagal tyrimų rezultatus, pateikiamos išvados bei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The subject of the Master work is emigration of highly qualified specialists. Emigration of highly qualified specialists is known for a long period of time, just now the scales of emigration is higher than ever. Economic recession is playing a big part in this, as all the countries are affected by recession at the different level. Due to migration of highly qualified specialists government looses money, which was spend in gaining the qualification, as well country looses tax payers and overall country looses competitiveness in international arena. The object of the study is the influence of labor market policy to the emigration of highly qualified specialists. The main tasks are to highlight the nature and consequences of emigration; to reveal theoretical immigration–related factors; to evaluate Lithuania’s migration policy; focusing on labor market policy to distinguish to high–qualified specialists orientated emigration factors; to perform a quantitative survey and create a model summarizing the results. Work structure: work consists of three main parts: in the first part is made an analysis of theoretical high qualified specialists emigration aspects, in the second part is made a statistical analysis of Lithuania’s and other countries migration related data and in third – an empirical research made to evaluate the influence of labor market factors to the emigration decision. Working volume: 73 pages, 23 tables, 26 figures and 83 references used: 55 Lithuanian and 28... [to full text]
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Itenge-Mweza, Theopoline Omagano. "Identification of genetic markers associated with wool quality traits in merino sheep." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2000.
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A candidate gene approach was used to identify potential genetic markers associated with wool quality traits including mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre diameter standard deviation (FDSD), coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (CVD), prickle factor, curvature, yellowness, brightness, staple strength, staple length, yield, greasy fleece weight (GFW) and clean fleece weight (CFW). Inheritance of potential genetic markers was studied in two half-sib Merino families and assessed for association with the wool quality traits. The sire for one of the half-sib families is referred to as MV144-58-00, and wool measurements from its progeny were taken at 12 (n = 131), 24 (n =128) and 36 (n = 37) months of age. The sire for the second half-sib family is referred to as Stoneyhurst, and wool measurements from its progeny (n = 35) were taken at 12 months of age. Genes that code for the keratin intermediate-filament proteins (KRTs) (KRT1.2, KRT2.10) and the keratin intermediate-filament-associated proteins (KAPs) (KAPl.1, KAPl.3, KAP3.2, KAP6.1, KAP 7, KAP8) were targeted for this investigation, along with the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene and microsatellites BfMS and OarFCB193. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments from each locus and PCR- single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to detect polymorphism within the half-sib families for all the loci, except for the KAP1.1 gene, where length polymorphism was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. Only the loci that were heterozygous for the sire (KAP1.1, KAP1.3, KRT1.2, ADRB3, KAP8) and hence were informative, were genotyped in the progeny. The total number of alleles observed at the KAP1.1, KAP1.3, KRT1.2, KAP8 and the ADRB3 loci were four, ten, six, five and six, respectively. Analysis of each of the informative loci revealed allelic associations with various wool traits. In the MV144-58-00 (genotypes KAP1.1 AB; KAP1.3 BD; KRT1.2 AB; ADRB3 CE) half-sib, inheritance of the KAP1.1 A allele was associated with a higher yield at 24 months of age (P = 0.037). This trend also observed at 36 months of age (P = 0.078). At 12 months of age, the KAP1.1 A allele tended to be associated with increased staple length (P = 0.08). At 36 months of age, the inheritance of the KAP1.1 B allele tended towards being associated with whiter wool (P = 0.080). The MV144-58-00 KAP1.3 D allele tended to be associated with increased yield at 24 and 36 months of age (P = 0.091 and 0.059, respectively), and with lower FDSD at 12 months of age (P = 0.055). The sire KAP1.3 B allele was associated with whiter wool colour at 36 months of age (P = 0.045). The inheritance of the MV144-58-00 KR T1.2 B allele was associated with or tended to be associated with a smaller FDSD (P = 0.040), an increase in staple strength (P = 0.025) and an increase in GFW (P = 0.069) at 12 months of age. At 24 months of age, the KR T1.2 B allele tended to be associated with increased yield (P = 0.057). At 36 months of age, the KRTl.2 A allele was associated with whiter wool (P = 0.019) and tended to be associated with increased crimp within the wool fibre (P = 0.089). In the Stoneyhurst (genotypes KAP1.1 BC; KAP1.3 CJ; KRT1.2 DE; ADRB3 CE) half-sib, inheritance of the KAP1.1 B allele was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.018) and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.039). In contrast, KAP1.1 C allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.018) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.039). Associations observed with the inheritance of Stoneyhurst KAP 1.1 alleles were similar to the inheritance ofKAPl.3 alleles. Stoneyhurst KAP1.3 J allele was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.017) and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.010). In contrast, KAP1.3 C allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.017) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.010). The Stoneyhurst KRT12 D allele was associated with longer staple length and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.033). In contrast, KRT1.2 E allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.033) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.022). Sire alleles at the ADRB3 gene locus were associated with variation in staple strength (P = 0.025) for MV144-58-00's progeny, and with variation in yield (P = 0.023) for Stoneyhurst's progeny. The results obtained in this thesis are consistent with KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and KRT1.2 being clustered on one chromosome because both sires in this study passed on two major KAP1.1-KAP1.3-KRT1.2 haplotypes to their progeny, and the associations with wool traits were very similar for all the three loci. The major sire derived KAP1.1 – KAP1.3 - KRT1.2 haplotypes observed within the MV144-58-00 half-sib were: BBA (frequency of 43.4%; n = 43) and ADB (frequency of 44.4%; n = 44). Other minor haplotypes observed were: ADA (frequency of 4.0%; n = 4); BDA (frequency of 2.0%; n = 2); BBB (frequency of 3.0%; n = 3) and BDB (frequency of 3.0%; n = 3). In the Stoneyhurst half-sib, major sire-derived KAP 1.1 - KAP 1.3 - KR Tl.2 haplotypes observed were CCE (frequency of 53.1 %; n = 17) and BJD (frequency of 40.6%; n = 13). The minor haplotype BJE (frequency of 6.3%; n = 2) was also observed. Statistical analyses within the MVI44-58-00 half-sib showed that KAP1.1 AKAP1.3 D - KRT1.2 B haplotype was associated with increased yield (P = 0.023) and tended towards whiter wool colour (P = 0.059), smaller FDSD (P = 0.081) and stronger staple strength (P = 0.092). In the Stoneyhurst half-sib, the KAP1.1 B - KAP1.3 J - KRT1.2 D haplotype was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.010), while the KAP1.1 C - KAP1.3 C - KRT1.2 E haplotype showed a strong trend with increased wool brightness (P = 0.096). Result from this study indicated that the keratin genes on chromosome 11 are recombining relatively frequently at recombination "hotspots". A high rate of recombination among loci that impact on wool traits would make breeding for consistent wool quality very difficult. The results presented in this thesis suggest that genes coding for the KRTs and KAPs have the potential to impact on wool quality. KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and KRT1.2 could potentially be exploited in gene marker-assisted selection programmes within the wool industry to select for animals with increased staple length, 'increased staple strength, higher yield and brighter wool. This study was however limited to two half-sib families, and further investigation is required.
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Benazir, Katarina Marquez. "Molecular Marker Applications in Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Breeding and Germplasm Diagnostics." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31148.
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The ability to identify germplasm and select traits accurately is fundamental to successful plant breeding. Pedigrees and molecular markers facilitate these processes; however misleading experimental results can occur when incorrect relationships and/or cultivar names are recorded. Molecular markers can identify these inconsistencies, and with advances in genotyping technology these diagnostics can be done faster and more objectively. This study aimed to develop molecular marker assays and graphical genotyping methodologies for cultivar identification, seed purity assessment and trait selection in oat (Avena sativa L.). KBioscience’s Allele-Specific PCR (KASP™) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technologies were applied to a set of current Canadian oat cultivars to evaluate their utility for identifying cultivars and detecting intra-cultivar variation. Both KASP™ and GBS detected different extents of heterogeneity among a set of 160 seeds that originated from four seed sources of four cultivars. In both cases, the detected variation did not appear to be limited to a specific cultivar or seed source, reinforcing that all cultivars are heterogeneous. Graphical genotyping localized heterogeneity to specific chromosome regions, thereby distinguishing physical contamination from true genetic heterogeneity and heterozygosity. Pre-existing genotype data for 700 oat cultivars and breeding lines were also used to construct graphical genotypes for pedigree validation and discovery of potential sources for favourable quantitative trait loci (QTL) alleles. This methodology used historical QTLs and anchoring markers to identify 25 putative “high oil” allele carriers. The results from this study will provide diagnostic tools for cultivar identification and pedigree validation, in addition to meaningful information about existing heterogeneity and possible QTL locations in current cultivars.
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Diekmann, Hanna Ursula [Verfasser], F. J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaup, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann. "Analysis of the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis in canine stifle joints considering three bone healing markers / Hanna Ursula Diekmann ; F.-J. Kaup, Stephan Neumann." Hannover : Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1179209176/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "KASP markers"
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Īrān, Markaz-i. Āmār-i. Natāyij-i āmārgīrī az kārgāhhā-yi khadamāt-i kasb va kār, sāl-i 1380. Tihrān: Mudīrīyat-i Intishārāt va Iṭṭilāʻʹrasānī, 2002.
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Hanʾguk chabon chayuhwa wa kŭmnyung chayuhwa ŭi kŭnnyŏn pyŏnhwa: OECD kaip mit IMF satʻae ihu ŭi silsang, pʻyŏngka mit taeŭng. Sŏul: Sŏul Taehakkyo Chʻulpʻanbu, 2004.
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Čhanthawānit, Suphāng. Talāt rǣngngān Thai nai ʻĒchīa Tawanʻō̜k læ ʻĒchīa Tawanʻō̜k Chīang Tai kap phon krathop čhāk phāwa sētthakit thotthō̜i nai plāi sattawat thī 90: Rāingān phon sangkhro̜. Krung Thēp: Sūn Wic̆hai Kānyāithin Hǣng ʻĒchīa, Sathāban ʻĒchīasưksā, Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai, 2001.
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Sangkǣo, Čhirat, ed. Kāo lamnā pai kap talāt lūangnā Thai: TBS on Thailand's future markets. Krung Thēp: Samnakphim Wēlā Dī, 2004.
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Martínez-François, Juan Ramón, Nika N. Danial, and Gary Yellen. Metabolic Seizure Resistance via BAD and KATP Channels. Edited by Detlev Boison. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0028.
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On a ketogenic diet, ketone bodies provide an alternative fuel, replacing much of the glucose used ordinarily by the brain. This switch is thought to underlie its anticonvulsant effects. Brain fuel utilization can also be modified by a nondietary approach: genetic alteration of the protein BAD, which has known roles in regulating both apoptosis and glucose metabolism. When the metabolic function of BAD is genetically altered in mice, it produces reduced glucose and increased ketone body metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. This effect is related to regulation of BAD by phosphorylation and is independent of its apoptotic function. Mice with BAD modifications that produce decreased glucose metabolism exhibit a marked increase in the activity of neuronal ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and strong resistance to behavioral and electrographic seizures in vivo. This seizure resistance is lost upon genetic ablation of KATP channels, suggesting that KATP channels mediate BAD’s anticonvulsant effect.
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Köhler, Thomas, and Thomas Köster, eds. Arbeit einspunktnull. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845296814.
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The future of work is an issue everyone is talking about. However, the changes to work caused by the digital age arrived in the present long ago. In this study, the authors examine the challenges posed by this fact as concretely as possible and classify them in terms of social ethics because the values and convictions that have characterised the German job market for decades are still valid today. Even if jobs have changed, the social and personal significance of work remains the same. We should therefore change our perspective of employment from Work 4.0 to Work 1.0. With contributions by Eva M. Welskop-Deffaa, Emma Sommerfeld, Gisela Schurath, Karl Schiewerling, Eva Rindfleisch, Annette Niederfranke, Justus Lenz, Dagmar König, Martin Kamp, Regina Görner, Nils Goldschmidt, Carlos Frischmuth, Ralf Brauksiepe, Egbert Biermann, Karlies Abmeier und Patricia Ehret.
Book chapters on the topic "KASP markers"
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Burow, Gloria, Ratan Chopra, Halee Hughes, Zhanguo Xin, and John Burke. "Marker Assisted Selection in Sorghum Using KASP Assay for the Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism/Insertion Deletion." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 75–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9039-9_6.
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Omagano Itenge, Theopoline. "Application of PCR Technique to Detect Polymorphism of the KRTAP1.1 Gene in Three Sheep Breeds - A Review." In Analytical Chemistry - Advancement, Perspectives and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96941.
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The quality of wool and pelt products depends on the quality of the wool and pelt grown on farm. Genes coding for the proteins involved in the structural components of wool fibre; keratin intermediate filaments (KRTs) and keratin keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) have been extensively researched. The KAPs form a matrix in which the KRTs are embedded. In sheep, KRTAP1.1 (previously B2A) is one of the four genes encoding proteins that make up the KAP1.n family. The ovine KRTAP1.1 gene is clustered with the KRTAP1.3 and KRTAP1.4 genes on chromosome 11. In this chapter, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Applied Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) typing method used to detect polymorphism in the KRTAP1.1 gene is reviewed. Three length variation KRTAP1.1 alleles; named A, B and C, of the lengths 341 base pair, 311 base pair and 281 base pair, respectively have been reported in three sheep breeds; Romney sheep of New Zealand, Merino sheep of New Zealand and Swakara sheep of Namibia. Genetic variation within the KRTs and KAPs can be further exploited to determine as to whether such variation impacts on wool quality. The presence of genetic variation within KRTs and KAPs offers opportunities for the development of gene markers affecting wool and pelt quality traits.
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Ungku Zainal Abidin, Ungku Fatimah, Maimunah Sanny, and Nur Hanani Zainal Abedin. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Polystyrene Food Packaging Usage Among Food Operators." In Food Safety Practices in the Restaurant Industry, 100–122. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7415-7.ch005.
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Polystyrene is commonly used on a daily basis for the packaging of takeaways as if people assume that it is safe. Although studies show the migration of styrene into food could cause adverse health impacts such as cancer, neurotoxicity, and hormone-related problems, less is known about public awareness of its risk. This chapter presents a study conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of polystyrene food packaging usage among food operators (i.e., hawkers, restaurants, and night market). Data were collected using self-administered to survey 115 food operators. Results show that the food operators have a moderate knowledge and attitude in polystyrene usage. Their practice in polystyrene usage is still poor. Food operators from restaurants had the highest level of KAP compared to hawker and night markets. The finding could provide some guides in developing interventions to educate food operators about food safety issues related to polystyrene.
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Rose, Michael. "The ruin and return of Markus Sulu." In Indigenous Spirits and Global Aspirations in a Southeast Asian Borderland. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723428_ch03.
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Parting from Jake in Dili, I arrive in Oecussi and quickly become reacquainted with an old friend from the time I spent there with the UN, Markus. Once a prominent entrepreneur and public servant who relished the ‘opportunities’ that came with his position he was now a pariah, having been accused of embezzling thousands of dollars from his office. While his family outwardly accepted Markus’s fall was a result of a conspiracy by mendacious rivals, he was also known for trampling traditions, taboos, and hierarchies in pursuit of wealth, and some privately suggested that his misfortune might be spiritual retribution. Through this sometimesdramatic story I explore how, for some at least, meto frameworks are used to understand success and failure in the kase world.
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Heavin, Ciara, and Frederic Adam. "Customer Knowledge Management (CKM)." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 533–51. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6547-7.ch023.
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SMEs operating in high-tech sectors are typically reliant on specialist knowledge to help them build the right product with the objective of meeting customer needs. The nature of niche software markets means that products must be closely informed by customer requirements for the software product to be a success. The importance of understanding how smaller organisations manage knowledge has become vital to their success; however, there remains a dearth of empirical research in SMEs in the area of IS research. Using a qualitative analysis approach in five Irish software SMEs, this chapter identifies how this type of organisation leverages their customers as external knowledge resources, with particular emphasis on knowledge acquisition, a Knowledge Activity (KA) in which customers play a significant part. Through the establishment of KAs a firm can develop an approach to Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) to build value-creating relationships with a reliable customer base.
Conference papers on the topic "KASP markers"
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"Whole genome sequencing and development of KASP markers for genotyping the West Siberian wheat stem rust population." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-346.
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