Relevant bibliographies by topics / Karl

Academic literature on the topic 'Karl'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Karl"

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Aksić, Sava. "Neorealism of Karl Lewellin." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 57, no. 79 (2018): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfni1879377a.

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Hasberg, Wolfgang. "Karl IV." Das Historisch-Politische Buch 66, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/hpb.66.1.43.

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Komariah, Ai, Elly Roosma Ria, Windy, Noertjahyani, Budiasih, and Endeh Masnenah. "Agronomic Characteristics Enhancement on Genotypes of Chrysanthemum Polyploidy with Different Planting Media." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 748, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012037.

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Abstract Since variations in chrysanthemums are still limited, Indonesia still imports. An effort to expand the variation can be done through polyploidy techniques using colchicine. Pasopati varieties of the chrysanthemum were propagated in vitro and treated with colchicine and planted in different media compositions to observe performance and obtain superior genotype. Experiment with a factorial pattern that consist of two factors: the composition of the planting medium ( m1 = top soil, m2 = cocopeat, m3 = husk charcoal, m4 = top soil + cocopeat m5 = top soil + husk charcoal, m6 = cocopeat + chaff charcoal) and polyploidy chrysanthemum genotypes (g1 = KAR0, g2 = KAR1, g3 = KAR2, g4 = KAR3, and g5 = KAR4) with two replications was designed. The results showed there were variations in plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of floret, and stalk length on polyploidy Chrysanthemum genotypes due to different planting media. The m4 = top soil + cocopeat can increase plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, stalk length and number of floret KAR4 genotype.
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Myšák, Miroslav. "[Rezension]: Ondřej Jakubec (Hg.): Karel z Lichtensteinu- Castelcorna (1624-1695). Olomoucký biskup a kníže střední Evropy. (...) Rostislav Švácha, Martina Potůčková, Jiří Kroupa (Hg.): Karel z Lichtensteinu- Castelcorna (1624-1695). Místa biskupovy pamět." Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne 114 (December 21, 2020): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/abmk.11789.

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Full title of review: [Rezension]: Ondřej Jakubec (Hg.): Karel z Lichtensteinu- Castelcorna (1624-1695). Olomoucký biskup a kníže střední Evropy. / Karl von Lichtenstein-Castelcorno (1624-1695). Bishop of Olomouc and Central European Prince. Olomouc 2019. 395 S. ISBN 978-80-88103-49-3 / 978-80-88103-50-9 Rostislav Švácha, Martina Potůčková, Jiří Kroupa (Hg.): Karel z Lichtensteinu- Castelcorna (1624-1695). Místa biskupovy paměti. / Karl von Lichtenstein-Castelcorno (1624-1695). Places of the Bishops Memory. Olomouc 2019. 531 S. ISBN 978-80-88103-55-4 / 978-80-88103-56-1
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Händl, Claudia. "Karl der Große als Wahrer des Rechts?" Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2018.1.03.

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Abstract Die Karlsdichtung von Morant und Galie gilt gemeinhin als «Prozessepos». Biographische Details der Vita Caroli Magni, einer Lebensgeschichte Karls des Großen in lateinischer Sprache aus der Feder seines Zeitgenossen Einhard, führen in der Folge dazu, dass Karl sowohl in der historiographischen als auch in der epischen Literatur bis ins späte Mittelalter immer wieder im Zusammenhang mit Rechtshandlungen dargestellt wird. In diesen Darstellungen erscheint Karl überwiegend als Herrscher, der die Rechtsordnung seiner Zeit kennt und anerkennt. Von dieser Tradition hebt sich die Figur Karls in Morant und Galie in einigen signifikanten Zügen ab: Karl, der im Prozess gegen Morant und Galie oberster Gerichtsherr, aber auch Mitankläger ist, befindet sich im Zwiespalt zwischen seiner institutionellen Rolle als Herrscher und Garant des Rechts einerseits und seiner privaten Rolle als vermeintlich betrogener Ehemann andererseits. In dieser Konfliktsituation riskiert er wiederholt durch unüberlegte Reaktionen im Affekt, dem Unrecht Vorschub zu leisten und die Wahrheitsfindung zu behindern.Vorliegende Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, welche Funktion dieser von der Tradition abweichenden Gestaltung der Figur Karls im Erzählkontext zukommt. Darüber hinaus werden Überlegungen zum Stellenwert des Karlsepos von Morant und Galie als mögliche Rechtserkenntnisquelle für mittelalterliche Rechtsgepflogenheiten angestellt.
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Lundholm, Michael. "Identifikationsproblem i färdigmakaren vid Skultuna mässingsbruk Karl Henrikssons (ca 1697–1757) familj." Släkthistoriska Studier, no. 2 (November 18, 2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.55797/sfx835.

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Här utreds identifikationsproblem i färdigmakaren Karl Henrikssons och hans hustru Elisabet Olofsdotters familj. För det första hade Karl Henriksson en yngre bror med samma namn. Båda bröderna skulle då synbarligen uppkallats efter sin morfar Karl Frunck vilket får anses mycket ovanligt. Detta ger anledning att ställa frågor om hur uppkallelsen skett och om vem som var brödernas respektive far. För det andra finns uppgiften i en husförhörslängd att det tillsammans med Karl och Elisabet finns en Kerstin Henriksdotter kallad moder. Karls mor var Maria Frunck som var gift med Henrik Johansson. Här visas att den kronologi som mantalslängder samt förekomsten och frånvaron av kyrkböcker lägger fast ger vid handen att Karl sannolikt var född i första tertialet 1697 vilket kan visas utesluta en annan far än Henrik. Maria kan möjligen ha varit gift en gång tidigare med en Karl Johansson Adam som sedan avlidit. Om så var fallet kan Maria, i enlighet med ett förekommande uppkallelseskick, ha namngett sin förstfödde son i det nya äktenskapet efter sin döde make. Även Elisabets föräldrar kan identifieras, genom en sekvens av belägg i mantalslängder och kyrkböcker, som Olof Klasson och Margareta Eriksdotter. Kerstin Henriksdotter kan alltså inte ha varit mor till vare sig Karl eller Elisabet och hennes identitet är fortfarande okänd.
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Kim, Eun-Ji, and Byung-Kweon Jun. "An Analysis of Architectural Characteristics of Karl Marx Hof by Karl Ehn." KIEAE Journal 18, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/kieae.2018.18.6.021.

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Sihombing, Daniel. "Karl Barth and Karl Marx." Indonesian Journal of Theology 5, no. 1 (June 24, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v5i1.32.

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This article is a preliminary attempt to understand the theology of Karl Barth in its relation to the ideas of Karl Marx. Barth mentions the name of Marx many times throughout his own writings and gives some theological responses to Marx’ thoughts, in modes both appreciative and critical. Barth even once claimed that theology properly worked out would result in a promise for liberation preferable to that of Marx. In this initial phase of research, the present article surveys the mentions of Marx throughout Barth’s works. The author considers each mention in context, before sketching in general and then identifying in specific certain themes resulting from this preliminary investigation, to be explored in further research.
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Schuld, Thomas. "Reinhard Lebe, War Karl der Kahle wirklich kahl?" Geschichte in Köln 29, no. 1 (December 1991): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/gik.1991.29.1.166.

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Toccafondi, Fiorenza. "De Karl Bühler à Karl R. Popper." Philosophiques 26, no. 2 (October 2, 2002): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004992ar.

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RÉSUMÉ Popper a passé sa licence sous la direction de Bühler en 1928. Affirmer que Popper a été profondément influencé, non seulement par la théorie du langage de Bühler, mais aussi par sa psychologie, ne correspond pas à l’opinion courante. Le deuxième chapitre de Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntis montre clairement que Karl Bühler a représenté l’un des points de départ les plus importants de la théorie de l’esprit de Popper. Selon Popper, dans l’épistémologie de Carnap, il y a un « préjudice inductif » : afin de rétablir une opinion neutre et adopter une épistémologie qui soit indépendante de la psychologie, il est nécessaire de démontrer que, dans la psychologie aussi, le déductivisme est possible et concevable. Popper donne des exemples très clairs de psychologie déductive et cite la théorie de Kant, Johannes Mueller, l’École Wuerzburg (surtout à travers Bühler et Otto Selz) et Ernst Mach. Le choix de tels exemples est significatif afin de comprendre la nature de la formation de Popper. En particulier, il est important de souligner l’absence de la « psychologie de la Gestalt » ou de ses penseurs, tels que Wertheimer, Koehler, Koffka, etc. En effet, Bühler s’opposait fortement à la psychologie de la Gestalt de l’École Wertheimer et, entre l’Institut Bühler de Vienne et les psychologues de la Gestalt à Berlin, il y avait une véritable rivalité. Popper — qui est normalement considéré, de façon simpliste, comme étant « un psychologue gestaltiste » — a tout à fait adopté l’idée de Bühler.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Karl"

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Rosskopf, Annette. "Friedrich Karl Kaul : Anwalt im geteilten Deutschland (1906 - 1981) /." Berlin : Berlin-Verl. Spitz [u.a.], 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/342122916.pdf.

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Hultgren, Daniel. "Karl XII i populärkulturen : Filmatisering kring Karl XII." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Ämnesforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43681.

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En filmanalys som fokuserar på att studera framställningen omkring den svenske kungen Karl XII. Studien är omfattad att analysera olika filmer med olika produktionsländer för att finna hur olika filmskapare och länder har valt att presentera den svenske kungen. Studien fokuserar på att undersöka den bild som ges av Karl XII i olika filmer för att finna hur historien omkring Karl XII har brukats.
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Messmer, Felicitas. "Karl Lang." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-88490.

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Aschauer, Wolfgang. "Eckart, Karl." Universität Potsdam, 2001. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2420/.

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Rezensiertes Werk: Das Ruhrgebiet : geographische Exkursionen / Gesellschaft für Deutschlandforschung e.V. ... Hrsg. von Karl Eckart ... im Auftr. des Ortsausschusses für den 27. Deutschen Schulgeographentag, Duisburg 2000. - Kongress: Deutscher Schulgeographentag ; 27 (Duisburg) : 2000.10.02-07. - 1. Aufl. - Gotha [u.a.] : Klett-Perthes, 2000. - 216 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. - (Perthes Exkursionsführer) ISBN 3-623-00639-4
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Müller-Kelwing, Karin. "Karl Assmann." Böhlau Verlag, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75024.

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Müller-Kelwing, Karin. "Karl Wanderer." Böhlau Verlag, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75054.

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Esch, Daniel. "Apostolat der Dialektik Leben und Werk des Freiburger Theologen und Philosophen Carl Braig (1853-1923) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11244017.

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Müller-Kelwing, Karin. "Karl Wilhelm Jähnig." Böhlau Verlag, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75111.

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Kornherr, Jessica [Verfasser], Karl-Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Laugwitz, Karl [Gutachter] Kramer, and Karl-Ludwig [Gutachter] Laugwitz. "Discovery of transcriptional modules in lineage specification / Jessica Kornherr ; Gutachter: Karl Kramer, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz ; Betreuer: Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173898972/34.

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Trobitz, Norbert. "Der Literaturkritiker Karl Gutzkow." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968649319.

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Books on the topic "Karl"

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Pollard, Velma. Karl. Ciudad de la Habana: Casa de las Américas, 1993.

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Wallner, Viktor. Die "Leichte" Muse in Baden: Karl Millöcker, Karl Zeller, Karl Komzak. Baden: Gesellschaft der Freunde Badens und Städtische Sammlung und Archiv, 1992.

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Wallner, Viktor. Die "Leichte" Muse in Baden - Karl Millocker, Karl Zeller, Karl Komzak. Baden: Gesellschaft der Freunde Badens und Städtische Sammlung und Archiv, 1992.

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Holler-Schuster, Günther, and Peter Pakesch, eds. Karl Neubacher. Wien: Ambra Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ambra.9783990436844.

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Rasch, Wolfgang, ed. Karl Gutzkow. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110258387.

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Rostagno, Sergio. Karl Barth. Brescia: Morcelliana, 2003.

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Rowcroft, Andrew. Karl Marx. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429357022.

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Donaggio, Enrico. Karl Löwith. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05744-0.

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McLellan, David. Karl Marx. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74110-6.

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McLellan, David. Karl Marx. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14140-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Karl"

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Böiling, Reinhard. "Karl Weierstraß / Karl Weierstrass." In Das Fotoalbum für Weierstraß / A Photo Album for Weierstrass, 2–9. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80281-1_1.

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Qiu, Ren-Zong. "Karl Popper and Karl Marx." In Science, Politics and Social Practice, 87–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0530-1_8.

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Sebeok, Thomas A. "Karl Bühler." In Classics of Semiotics, 129–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9700-8_6.

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Koenen, Gerd. "Schlögel, Karl." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_21359-1.

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Hasselblatt, Cornelius. "Ristikivi, Karl." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_21542-1.

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Rühling, Lutz. "Vennberg, Karl." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_22133-1.

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Loader, Colin. "Karl Mannheim." In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Major Social Theorists, 469–88. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444396621.ch15.

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Antonio, Robert J. "Karl Marx." In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Major Social Theorists, 115–64. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444396621.ch5.

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Iorio, Marco. "Karl Marx." In 439094, 147–49. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04506-5_29.

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Wehnert, Jürgen. "Karl May." In Kindler Kompakt: Reiseliteratur, 144–50. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04508-9_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Karl"

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Kovach, Karl. "Karl Kovach." In 33rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2020). Institute of Navigation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2020.17748.

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Chan, Tsz Nam, Man Lung Yiu, and Hou U. Leong. "KARL: Fast Kernel Aggregation Queries." In 2019 IEEE 35th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2019.00055.

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NAZÁRIO, Alaércio De Lima. "Espiritualidade na teologia de Karl Ranher." In I Semana Nacional de Teologia, Filosofia e Estudos de Religião I Colóquio Filosófico: Filosofia e Religião. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/112796.1-9.

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ALEXANDRU, Pompiliu, and Cristina DINU. "Karl Marx From Marxianism to Marxism." In 8th LUMEN International Scientific Conference Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice | RSACVP 2017 | 6-9 April 2017 | Suceava – Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.rsacvp2017.3.

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Noskov, V. A. "Karl Marx And His Diagnosis Of Capitalism." In GCPMED 2018 - International Scientific Conference "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.150.

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Norman, Guenri E. "The Second Law and Karl R. Popper." In QUANTUM LIMITS TO THE SECOND LAW: First International Conference on Quantum Limits to the Second Law. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1523842.

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Scoz, Jessica Carina, and Ana Claudia Maynardes. "Karl Heinz Bergmiller e o Palácio Itamaraty." In 13º Congresso Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Design. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/ped2018-1.1_aic_02.

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Singh, Randeep, and Nagaraju Bussa. "Path Planning using Shi and Karl Level Sets." In 1st International ICST Conference on Robot Communication and Coordination. ICST, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.robocomm2007.2085.

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Jose Ranieri, Jesus, and Gustavo Crivellari. "Teorias da Alienação em Karl Marx e Georg Simmel." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-38026.

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Goloschapova I.M., I. M., D. Y. Nikonenko, G. V. Dolgov, A. G. Savitsky, M. S. Shelygin, S. V. Kuznetsov, and E. L. Nezhentseva. "The outstanding German obstetrician-gynecologist Professor Karl Josef Gauss." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. НИЦ "LJournal", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/satm-02-2022-04.

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Reports on the topic "Karl"

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von Balthasar, Hans Urs. En l’honneur des 60 ans de Karl Rahner. Saint John Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56154/rs.

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von Balthasar, Hans Urs. Karl Rahner zum 60. Geburtstag am 5. März 1964. Saint John Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56154/s4.

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Mintz, K. J. Procedure for water analysis of hydraulic fluids using the Karl Fischer apparatus. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331778.

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A Metrohm automatic Karl Fischer titrator has been used successfully for about three years in the Canadian Explosive Atmospheres Laboratory for measuring the water content of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids. The water content is critical for maintaining the fire-resistance of these fluids. The report describes the. method, apparatus and procedure to be followed. A detailed analysis of possible errors is provided.
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Rodrigues, João. Endogenous Preferences and Embeddedness: Implications for Economic Theory. A Reappraisal of Karl Polanyi. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7749/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2002.27.

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Bechtstedt, U., U. Hacker, R. Maier, S. Martin, G. P. A. Berg, A. Hardt, W. Huerlimann, J. Meissburger, and J. G. M. Roemer. BIG KARL and COSY: Examples for high performance magnet design taught by {open_quotes}Papa Klaus{close_quotes}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/88770.

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Miscall, Joel, Earl Christensen, Steve Deutch, Rebecca Jackson, and Jack Ferrell III. Determination of Water Content in Bio-Oils by Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration. Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP), Issue Date: October 7, 2021. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825870.

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Sedgwick, Andrea, and Rubia Mariath. PR-461-18601-R01 Solvent Replacement Methods for Sediment and Water Content in Crude Samples. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011993.

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There are two methods broadly used for sediments and water (S and W) content determination, centrifuge method, and the Karl Fischer titration. They consume a significant quantity of toxic hazardous solvents such as Toluene, o-xylene, and chloroform. These particular solvents impose great risk to the health of the frontline workers and generate large amounts of liquid waste disposal, a detrimental effect on the environment. PRCI MEAS-16-01 Project Team has identified the need to study the feasibility of solvent replacement for the current methods used for measuring the S and W contents in crude samples. The proposed project seeks to reduce the use of hazardous and toxic solvents, aid in environmental stewardship, and increase the health and safety of frontline workers while in operation.
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Zhao, Bei, James Laszlo, and Heather Kaminsky. PR-461-14602-R02 Sample Mixing and Centrifugal Forces on Density and Sediment-Water Results. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011492.

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The crude oil being transported by pipeline varies widely in density, viscosity, sulfur content, and other fluid properties. In a custody transfer, both parties are concerned with the quantity and the quality of the crude oil since this determines the monetary value of the transaction. The objective of this project is to investigate various factors that can impact accurate determination of the density, sediment and water content of crude. The findings will be critical to improve current procedures, including proper sample mixing and handling, analytical methodologies, and operation parameters, so that reliable and accurate custody transfer can be provided to all involved parties internationally. This project investigated the impact of mixing and analytical methodologies on crude density and S and W determination. Operating parameters tested included mixing time (3 or 5 minutes), mixing system (new or old) and sample size (3 or 7 liters). Density determination was conducted by a thermos-hydrometer test and a digital density meter and the results were compared. S and W content was quantified by the centrifuge method and Karl Fischer titration and the results were compared. For the centrifuge method, the impact of two centrifugal forces on S and W results was also studied. There is a related webinar.
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9

McCleney, Amy, and Terry Grimley. PR-015-17604-R02 Static Mixer Assessment Laboratory Testing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011771.

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Static mixers are nonmoving mixing devices that allow for the inline continuous mixing of fluids within a pipeline. Liquid samples are typically extracted downstream of the mixer to evaluate the composition of the fluid. However, the ability of mixers to provide a uniformly mixed sample and the acceptable distances at which this sample can be taken from the pipe for this composition evaluation are currently unknown. A testing effort was initiated to determine the effectiveness of two different static mixer designs, as well as sampling locations, by flowing known quantities of oil and water past these devices at a constant flow rate, with two oil viscosity values of 3 cSt and 400 cSt, and with two nominal water-cut values of 1% and 10%. To evaluate their mixing abilities, fluid samples were drawn from the pipe at three locations downstream of the mixers and at three pipe elevations. These samples were assessed using two different analysis methods: a centrifuge method using ASTM D4007 (2016) for the nominal 10% water-cut tests and a Karl Fisher analysis method using ASTM D4928 (2018) for the nominal 1% water-cut tests. The results from the sample measurements will allow the PRCI members to assess the mixing and stratification effects of different static mixer designs and at different sample locations.
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10

McCleney, Amy. PR-015-19602-R02 Water in Oil Meter Technology Testing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011746.

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Water-cut meters measure the water content in a crude-oil stream and can use different sensor technologies and approaches to achieve this measurement. Each of these technology types has advantages and limitations for use in certain operating conditions. Current industry knowledge about the performance and limitations of the different technology meters for measuring a wide range of water cuts has not been extensively quantified. This testing effort was initiated to determine the stability and accuracy of different water-cut meters by flowing a crude-oil stream of water content through these meters. The performance of the different water-cut meters was assessed at a constant 100-gpm flow rate, two sweeps of water-cut ranges from 0% to 5% and 0% to 20%, and two different crude oils. To provide a reference water content, fluid samples were manually drawn from the flow loop upstream of the meters for each test point following API MPMS Ch. 8.1 (2019). The fluid samples were handled and mixed in accordance with API MPMS Ch. 8.3 (2019), and were assessed using two different analysis methods: a Karl Fisher Titration method using ASTM D4928 (2018) for the nominal 0% to 5% water-cut tests, and a centrifuge method using ASTM D4007 (2016) for the nominal 0% to 20% water-cut tests. The results from this testing effort will allow the PRCI members to assess the accuracy and stability of different water-cut meters and to select a water-cut metering technology that is most compatible with their operating conditions.
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