Academic literature on the topic 'Karakalpak language'

The study is devoted to the issues of interinfluence of Russian and Karakalpak languages on a basis of borrowings by calquing. Borrowings of Russian words and word combinations by calquing specified as one of sources of enrichment of the lexicon of modern Karakalpak language. We analyze the features of some calqued terms. We characterize the ways of word formation by calquing method. Thematic directions and tendencies of forming of calques are highlighted. The process of calquing is shown in the light of historical development of society in different periods. Words and word combinations calqued from Russian into Karakalpak language, are subdivided on morphology-syntactic and semantic structure. Full and semi calques are analyzed. Various forms of perception in the Karakalpak language of word combinations of the Russian language by calquing are indicated. Some peculiarities of structural and semantic calques in Karakalpak language are discussed. Calqued lexical units are considered from the point of morphological structure. We analyze the calques formed by some suffixes. We characterize the linguistic phenomena occurring in the language during calquing using prefixes. We also discuss the problems of calquing in Karakalpak language of compound words from Russian languages, analyze the calques formed in Karakalpak language as the result of this process. We indicate the ways of forming semantic calques: determinologization, terminologization, conversion. The main factors of the semantic calquing appearance in the Karakalpak language are identified and substantiated.

We have documented language varieties (either Turkic or Indo-European) spoken in 23 test sites by 88 informants belonging to the major ethnic groups of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Yaghnobis). The recorded linguistic material concerns 176 words of the extended Swadesh list and will be made publically available with the publication of this paper. Phonological diversity is measured by the Levenshtein distance and displayed as a consensus bootstrap tree and as multidimensional scaling plots. Linguistic contact is measured as the number of borrowings, from one linguistic family into the other, according to a precision/recall analysis further validated by expert judgment. Concerning Turkic languages, the results of our sample do not support Kazakh and Karakalpak as distinct languages and indicate the existence of several separate Karakalpak varieties. Kyrgyz and Uzbek, on the other hand, appear quite homogeneous. Among the Indo-Iranian languages, the distinction between Tajik and Yaghnobi varieties is very clear-cut. More generally, the degree of borrowing is higher than average where language families are in contact in one of the many sorts of situations characterizing Central Asia: frequent bilingualism, shifting political boundaries, ethnic groups living outside the “mother” country.

The article presents the investigation of meaning and usage of the number "one" in Karakalpak language this is due to the fact that number "one" is used in different cases rather than its derivative meaning as a number. In addition to this, there is given the comparison of the number "one" in the Karakalpak language with English and German languages. The result of the research depicts that the similarity of the usage of number "one" that it means indefiniteness not only in the Karakalpak language, but also in English and German languages. However, the difference of the usage of number "one" is that when the number "one" is used as indefinite article, it retains the meaning of the number, which indicates the indefiniteness of that unit. Overall, the number "one" mainly expresses the meaning of indefiniteness in Karakalpak language

This study compares the use of abbreviations in English and Karakalpak languages. Abbreviations are essential for efficient communication and are commonly used in technical and professional settings. English is a widely spoken language, while Karakalpak is a Turkic language spoken in Karakalpakstan. This study examines the similarities and differences between these languages, including their linguistic features and cultural backgrounds. The study compares the frequency, structure, and meaning of abbreviations in both languages and discusses the implications for language learners and professionals. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of cross-cultural communication and the importance of understanding language variation

The article deals with the study of predicative words in the Karakalpak language. To prove the statement that predicative words in the modern Karakalpak language are a separate part of speech, knowledge of the study of this issue is indicated as one of its main functions. Opinions on the consideration of predicative words in Turkic languages as a separate part of speech and the peculiarities of their use are also indicated.

Proverbs are an essential part of languages, offering insights into cultural beliefs and values. This study examines the similarities in proverbs between the Karakalpak language and English language, shedding light on shared cultural wisdom. Through an analysis of commonly used proverbs, this research aims to highlight the universal themes and concepts embodied in these linguistic expressions. The findings provide a cross cultural understanding of common wisdom shared between the Karakalpak and English-speaking communities.

The article deals with the syntactic-semantic expression of causative structures in English and Karakalpak languages. Causative structures in comparatively studied languages have their own characteristics, and the semantics of causative verbs in English and Karakalpak languages are presented in a certain classification. In the Karakalpak language, causation is formed under the influence of the lexical meaning of the verb, certain morphological forms and context while in English it is formed by analytical and lexical means. Moreover, it is represented that if the causative structure is used together with the main predicate, it acts as a complex participle.

The language is not only used in communication activities, but also reflects the centuries-old experience, the spiritual world, the system of values and the wisdom of the native-speaking people. Therefore, in the construction of the vocabulary and grammatical structure of the language, all the achievements of human thought, observations and experience of generations of ancestors are recorded, preserved and transmitted to descendants. Especially the axiological and cognitive significance of the lexical fund of the language. Undoubtedly, in the treasury of the Kazakh, Karakalpak, Kyrgyz languages, which are closely related to each other, there is a vocabulary common not only for these languages, but also for the Turkic languages as a whole. At the same time, in order to reveal lexico-semantic commonalities and features between these languages, the nature of vocabulary, ethno-linguistic function, it is important to study the entire vocabulary, classifying it into lexico-thematic groups. Thematically grouped lexical units in the Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Karakalpak languages give a clear answer to the few features in the distinctive cultures of these peoples. Changes in lifestyle, living conditions of the population, as well as spiritual life, daily life and other factors have a direct impact on the lexical fund of the language. Dialects are common in the languages of the Kipchak group. Some of the words are inherent only in a certain dialect. Some of them have been preserved as ancient Turkic lexical units. To identify and study such words, very valuable data from the point of view of semantic material is offered. In teaching everyday vocabulary of Kazakh, Karakalpak, Kyrgyz languages, in addition, the data of the Mongolian, Altai languages represent a number of valuable facts. Of interest is the study of the layer of ancient Turkic vocabulary in the languages of the Kipchak group. Household vocabulary differs in that it can offer rich material for studying the history of the Kazakh, Karakalpak, Kyrgyz languages, as well as the ethnogenesis of each nation. Household vocabulary differs in that it can offer rich material for studying the history of the Kazakh, Karakalpak, Kyrgyz languages, as well as the ethnogenesis of each nation. The article is devoted to the comparative study of the everyday vocabulary of the Kazakh, Karakalpak, Kyrgyz languages in the synchronous aspect.

Modern linguistic phenomena in the Karakalpak language can be correlated with the rapid activation of borrowed vocabulary, this is determined primarily by those global fluctuations that occur in connection with the democratization of society, open to cooperation with other countries in various fields of activity, as well as the processes of information exchange. The article deals with the adaptation of borrowings, including anglicisms, in the Karakalpak language. Borrowings based on relations between the two peoples duly penetrated into the composition of the Karakalpak language. Based on the foregoing, we tried to systematize the most common terms used to nominate various types of groups of borrowed vocabulary