Journal articles: 'Kaposi's disease'

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Santos, Mônica, Virginia Vilasboas, Luciana Mendes, Carolina Talhari, and Sinésio Talhari. "Lymphangiectatic Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88, no. 2 (April 2013): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962013000200019.

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Kaposi's sarcoma is a malignant disease that originates in the lymphatic endothelium. It has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Its four distinct clinical forms are: classic, endemic, iatrogenic and epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. In non-HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, the disease is typically limited to the lower extremities, but in immunodeficient patients, it is a multifocal systemic disease. The clinical course of the disease differs among patients, ranging from a single or a few indolent lesions to an aggressive diffuse disease. Advanced Kaposi's sarcoma lesions, typically those on the lower extremities, are often associated with lymphedema. In this paper, we report a case of a patient with a rare form of AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma called lymphangiectatic Kaposis's sarcoma.

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Murthy MS, Cody Lawrence, Todd Brown, and Shanika Sharma. "Presence of Kaposi's Sarcoma and of Behcet’s Disease Concomitantly in a Patient." International Healthcare Research Journal 6, no. 12 (March 12, 2023): RV1—RV3. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0611.02591.

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Iatrogenic Kaposi’s sarcoma is a subtype of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which is a vascular malignant tumor and is seen in organ transplant recipients and in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy due to other reasons. We describe a case of Behcet's disease associated with Kaposi's sarcoma occurring simultaneously in a 50-year-old male patient. Colchicine and steroids were administered for his mucocutaneous findings and polyarthritis. In few months on therapy, four symmetric, brown- red coloured, asymptomatic macules developed on the inner surface of his left foot. In histopathologic specimens; CD34 positive, atypical spindle cells with swollen nuclei formed bundles and vascular spaces filled with erythrocytes. The patient was diagnosed as KS clinically and histopathologically. HHV-8 DNA was positive with PCR. Regression was observed in the lesions after the cessation of corticosteroid treatment.

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Grabovskaya, Olga V., Natalia P. Teplyuk, Sergey A. Mishin, Ekaterina V. Grekova, Ekaterina R. Dunaeva, Alina V. Perekhodova, and Lidia M. Shnakhova. "Kaposi's sarcoma: Problems of differential diagnosis." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 26, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/dv492311.

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Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal malignant disease of vascular origin with a primary lesion of the skin, as well as internal organs and lymph nodes. According to various authors, it is believed that Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with herpes simplex virus type 8 (HHV-8). According to the literature, the following types of Kaposi's sarcoma are distinguished: classical (European), immunosuppressive, endemic (African) and epidemic (this form of sarcoma is associated with the state of acquired immunodeficiency). Clinically, with Kaposi's sarcoma, rashes can vary depending on the form of the disease, among which there are spotty, papular and tumor forms. Also in the literature, some authors distinguish the 4th form of Kaposi's sarcoma ― bullous. Diagnostic search for Kaposi's sarcoma is a difficult problem due to the large number of diseases of vascular origin, as well as their clinical similarity. The diagnostic methods described in the literature include many studies, including a blood test for HHV-8, as well as routine histological examination and immunohistochemistry. The article presents a rare clinical case of Kaposi's sarcoma in a young girl with a long history of the disease.

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Corda, L., D. Benerecetti, M. Ungari, F. Facchetti, and E. Radaeli. "Kaposi's disease and sarcoidosis." European Respiratory Journal 9, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09020383.

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OLIVEIRA, H., C. MONTEIRO, and A. FIGUEIREDO. "FC135 Iatrogenic Kaposi's disease." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 9 (September 1997): S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(97)89456-1.

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6

Koyuncu, Ismail, Ataman Gönel, Emrah Ozcan, Ebru Temiz, Şahin Toprak, Feridun Akkafa, and Irfan Binici. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis in HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma Disease by Microarray Technique." Current HIV Research 18, no. 3 (June 12, 2020): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x18666200130100654.

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Background: Emergence of Kaposi's Sarcoma in the cases other than HIV, following the use of immunosuppressant drugs, demonstrates that it is related to weak immunity. The fact that this malignancy does not occur in every HIV-positive patient suggests that genetic predisposition may also be effective. Replacement of one of the base pairs of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine that constitute the DNA sequence in the human genome with another base pair can affect susceptibility to disease, response to treatment, and immunity. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism that could predispose to Kaposi's sarcoma of an HIV-infected patient and to identify which nucleotides such SNPs correspond to, using the microarray technology. Material and Method: The blood samples of individuals, one of whom was diagnosed with Kaposi's Sarcoma HIV (+) visiting the outpatient clinic of infectious diseases polyclinic of Harran University Research and Practice Hospital and of a healthy individual with no Kaposi's Sarcoma, were used in the study. Following the DNA isolation of the blood samples taken from the respective individuals, a SNP analysis was conducted on the microarray device. 204,000 SNPs obtained were scanned later on in the databases in an attempt to identify the SNPs related to Kaposi's Sarcoma. Results: In the 204,000 SNP screenings, we scrutinized the SNPs that differ in the case of Kaposi's Sarcoma [KS (+) and HIV (+)] on the basis of Control [KS(-) and HIV(-)] and HIV+ [KS(-)], and two SNPs of the ENDRA gene, three SNPs of the ADRA1A gene, six SNPs of the STIM1 gene, four SNPs of the EFNB2 gene, and one SNP of the CD209 gene were found to be different. However, when it comes to all SNPs (all the 204.000 SNPs) screened in terms of allele, it was observed that the AA and BB alleles were lower in the patient with Kaposi's Sarcoma [KS (+) and HIV (+)] compared to other groups and AB alleles were found to be higher than others in the patient with Kaposi's sarcoma [KS] (+) and HIV (+)]. Conclusion: In the microarray study we have conducted, 204,000 SNPs were screened for Control (HIV-) HIV (+) and HIV (+) patient with Kaposi's Sarcoma. It was found that 32,362 of those SNPs had different alleles in the Kaposi's Sarcoma [KS + HIV (+)] patient, while they had the same ones in the control [KS (-) and HIV (-)] and HIV + [KS (-)] group. 16 of the 32,362 SNPs took place among the genes related to Kaposi's Sarcoma. In the cases of Kaposi's Sarcoma with suspected diagnosis, it can be used as a beneficial laboratory test.

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Grishina, E. E. "Kaposi’s sarcoma with the eyelid involvement (6 clinical cases)." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 46, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-4-390-394.

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Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal tumor from vascular endothelium with a low grade of malignancy. It develops due to underlying immune deficiency and is associated with human herpesvirus 8. Kaposi's sarcoma of the eyelids is rare, and its diagnosis can be difficult both for ophthalmologists and oncodermatologists. The paper describes six clinical cases of Kaposi's sarcoma with involvement of the eyelids. Three patients had an HIV-associated type of the tumor. One patient had an immunosuppressive type of the tumor during immunosuppressive treatment after kidney transplantation. Two elderly patients had Kaposi's sarcoma of the classic type. Tumors of the eyelids developed after several years of skin involvement. All patients had advanced (nodular) stage of Kaposi's sarcoma of the eyelids, whereas the skin tumors looked as spots (maculas) or papules (macular or papular stage of the disease). The eyelid tumor presented as an extensive dark red tumor nodule distinctly separate from the adjacent tissues. In all cases, the eyelid tumor was big and hindered the sight. All the patients were treated by an oncodermatologist and/or a specialist in infectious diseases, depending on the clinical type of the disease. Kaposi's sarcoma rarely involves the eyelid skin or conjunctiva; however, in immunodeficient patients it must be included into the list for the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumors.

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8

Sterling, Glenn B. "Kaposi's sarcoma and Castleman's disease." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22, no. 1 (January 1990): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(08)80030-8.

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Koldarova, Evelina, Bahrambek Mukhamedov, and Aziz Aliev. "A clinical case of an immunosuppressive generalized form of Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris." Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan 19, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/12695.

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The article presents the literature data on Kaposi's sarcoma a lymphangioproliferative neoplasia induced by the Herpes Virus type 8.  The main forms, clinical manifestations and treatment are described. A clinical case of the development of an immunosuppressive generalized form of Kaposi's sarcoma induced by glucocorticosteroid therapy in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris is presented. With this clinical example, it is important to emphasize the potential risk of Kaposi's sarcoma on the background of secondary immunosuppression. Immunosuppressive Kaposi's sarcoma (iatrogenic type) is most often associated with long-term use of immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation organs and in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases, which leads to an increased risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma by 150-1000 times compared with the general population. The ratio of men and women with this type is 2:1, while with the idiopathic (classical) - 17:1. Reliable diagnosis of the disease is necessary, based on a combination of history data, clinical and histological patterns of the pathological process, as well as additional laboratory markers, which will allow timely determination of further patient management tactics and, accordingly, provide a more favorable prognosis for the course of the disease.

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10

Steinfeld, AD, and JS Cooper. "Epidemic and classic Kaposi's sarcoma of the feet. A comparative study." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 80, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-80-9-469.

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The clinical behavior of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the feet is compared for patients with and without AIDS. Although AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma is less likely to be confined to the legs than is non-AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, the legs are the most common site of disease in both forms. Kaposi's sarcoma occurring in the AIDS setting is as radiosensitive as that which occurs in the patient without AIDS. Palliative radiotherapy can offer substantial relief for affected patients.

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Youree, Bryan E., Jason D. Morrow, Wendy A. Mangialardi, and Stephen P. Raffanti. "Fulminant Kaposi's sarcoma without mucocutaneous disease." AIDS 17, no. 5 (March 2003): 788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200303280-00032.

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12

Zeidman, Aliza, Zinaida Fradin, Amos M. Cohen, and Moshe Mittelman. "Kaposi's sarcoma associated with Castleman's disease." European Journal of Haematology 63, no. 1 (April 24, 2009): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1999.tb01853.x.

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13

Roth, Jeffrey S., and Marc E. Grossman. "Linear Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV disease." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 29, no. 3 (September 1993): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(08)82003-8.

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14

diSibio, Guy, Laron W. McPhaul, Armine Sarkisian, Binh Van Pham, and Samuel W. French. "Ménétrier's Disease associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma." Experimental and Molecular Pathology 85, no. 3 (December 2008): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2008.09.001.

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15

Gervas, Reginald, and Edward Mgaya. "Histopathological patterns and topographical distribution of Kaposi Sarcoma at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania." African Health Sciences 21, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 1733–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i4.29.

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Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is derived from endothelial cell lineage; it is caused by Human Herpes Virus-8 (HHV-8) facilitated by immune suppression. KS remains one of the commonest sarcoma seen in Tanzania. The paucity of recent data makes monitoring the disease a challenge. This study describes the Histopathological Patterns and Topographical distribution of Kaposi Sarcoma at Muhimbili National Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was done to review biopsies sent to the Central Pathology Laboratory (CPL), Muhimbili National Hospital from 2010 to 2014. Results: A total of 818 cases representing 1.8 % of all malignancies during the study period were enrolled in the study. The age of patients at diagnosis ranged from 6 months to 94 years old, with the median age being 37 years. Male to female ratiowas 1.4:1.0. Females were younger than males (p < 0.001). The majority of the lesions were in the lower limbs, 352 (64.1%). Nodular KS accounted for 74.5% of all cases. Conclusion: Kaposi’s sarcoma remains a common malignancy. The patients present late at diagnosis. Early diagnosis and improved treatment protocols remain to be key steps towards reducing the burden of KS. Keywords: Kaposi's Sarcoma; Histopathological Patterns; Topographical distribution.

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Wyatt, M. E., C. J. Finlayson, and V. Moore-Gillon. "Kaposi's sarcoma masquerading as pyogenic granuloma of the nasal mucosa." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 3 (March 1998): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100158359.

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AbstractKaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a neoplastic vascular disorder characterized by multiple reddish blue nodules which, according to the original description (Kaposi, 1872), usually present on the skin of the upper and lower extremities. It is not until the disease progresses that nodules appear on the skin of the head and neck, on mucosal membranes and as visceral lesions. However, with the large increase in the incidence of this tumour associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, there have been increasing numbers of cases of Kaposi's sarcoma presenting primarily on the skin or mucosa of the head and neck. The most common sites reported are within the oral cavity, particularly on the palate. Other mucosal sites are rare. We present an unusual case where the primary manifestation of the Kaposi's sarcoma was in the nasal mucosa and stress the importance of this diagnosis not being overlooked.

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Jo, Jae Min, KyoungHee Han, Chang Lim Hyun, Young-Sill Kim, Young-Hee Maeng, Min Seok Cheon, Jae-Wang Kim, Ji Young Rhee, Jung Mi Kwon, and Sang Hoon Han. "A Rare Case of Trauma-induced Kaposi's Sarcoma of Skin." Journal of Medicine and Life Science 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22730/jmls.2017.14.1.39.

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Kaposi's sarcoma is malignant lesion usually caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 in immunocompromised patients.Although many cases of this disease have been described in the literature, only a few cases have been related to Koebner'sphenomenon following trauma. In our case, 50-year-old male visited hospital with skin lesion of his right thumb pricked bymetal drill bit. A diagnosis of iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma was made. One year after surgical removal and radiation therapy thetumor was recurred with small nodules. Then medication of pentoxyphylline was started after excision biopsy. The lesions are instable disease with decreased size. The authors present an unusual case of trauma-induced Kaposi's sarcoma of skin in nonimmunocompromisedpatient.

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Stafford, N. D., R. C. D. Herdman, S. Forster, and A. J. Munrot. "Kaposi's sarcoma of the head and neck in patients with AIDS." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 4 (April 1989): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100109016.

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AbstractOver a 40 month period, 219 patients with AIDS were seen at St. Mary's Hospital, London. Kaposi's sarcoma, one of the criteria for diagnosing the syndrome, was the presenting feature in 62 patients. Eighty four patients developed Kaposi's sarcoma at some stage of their disease and the head and neck region was involved in 56 of them.Although Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely life threatening in AIDS, potential airway obstruction, pain or cosmetic disfigurement may justify treating the lesion. Whilst cutaneous tumours may be managed by using radiotherapy (16 Gray in four fractions over four days), this treatment produces a sever mucositis when used to treat mucosal disease; we, therefore use a combination of vincristine and bleomycin for this.

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Lobo, J., C. Gallo, M. R-Junquera, V. Carcaba, J. A-Megido, S. Santos, A. G-Franco, and I. Suarez. "Rituximab and Castleman disease and Kaposi's sarcoma." Journal of the International AIDS Society 11, Suppl 1 (2008): P290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-p290.

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HIGGINS, P. G., and K. D. CROW. "Recurrent Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in Darier's disease." British Journal of Dermatology 88, no. 4 (July 29, 2006): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07571.x.

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Huh, Jooryung, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Gyungyub Gong, Sung Sook Kim, Jae Y. Ro, and Chul Woo Kim. "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in Kikuchi's disease." Human Pathology 29, no. 10 (October 1998): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0046-8177(98)90419-1.

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Ibrir, M., D. Hakem, K. Serkhane, S. Haddam, N. Ouadahi, R. Bab-Ahmed, and A. Berrah. "KAPOSI'S DISEASE, PERARTERITIS NODOSA AND CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY." European Journal of Internal Medicine 19 (May 2008): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-6205(08)60050-3.

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Singh, Bhuvanesh, Gady Har-El, and Frank E. Lucente. "Kaposi's Sarcoma of the Head and Neck in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 111, no. 5 (November 1994): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989411100513.

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Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common neoplastic process in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Moreover, the occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus—infected patients advances their classification to having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We reviewed the medical records of 48 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection who had Kaposi's sarcoma documented on their initial visit to the hospital. The onset of Kaposi's sarcoma occurred independent of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification of human immunodeficiency virus infection (modified to exclude Kaposi's sarcoma). This neoplasm developed more frequently in patients who acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection by sexual contact (75% of cases), but manifestations were not significantly different in any of the risk populations for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Kaposi's sarcoma lesions were unpredictable and either showed progression, remained static, or occasionally, regressed spontaneously. Moreover, the lesions were usually multifocal at presentation, with the head and neck (62.5% of cases) as the primary site of involvement. In this region cutaneous lesions predominated (66.7%), followed by mucosal (56.7%) and deep structure (13.3%) involvement. The majority of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Kaposi's sarcoma involving head and neck structures were asymptomatic (80% of cases). Mucosal lesions were associated with symptoms in 29.3% of cases, whereas cutaneous lesions had symptoms in 5% of cases.

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Konstantinopoulos, P. A., H. Goldsztein, B. J. Dezube, and L. Pantanowitz. "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related Kaposi's sarcoma eroding the maxillary bone." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 9 (May 25, 2007): 993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107008705.

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AbstractBackground:Oral involvement is a common manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related Kaposi's sarcoma, and it occurs in approximately one-third of afflicted patients.Methods:We report an unusual case of Kaposi's sarcoma of the hard palate which invaded the underlying maxillary bone.Results:The patient underwent excisional biopsy and was subsequently treated with localised radiation and systemic chemotherapy including liposomal doxorubicin.Conclusions:The presentation, differential diagnosis, radiographic appearance and management of this serious complication are discussed. Our case highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach, consisting of ENT, oncology and infectious disease consultation, to ensure appropriate management of maxillofacial, intraosseous, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related Kaposi's sarcoma.

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Ognerubov, N. A., A. V. Blokhin, and G. E. Gumareva. "Kaposi's sarcoma of the penis in HIV-negative patients: case series." Cancer Urology 17, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2021-17-1-120-125.

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Kaposi's sarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). The disease primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and even internal organs in late stages. Kaposi's sarcoma of the penis is usually found in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is exceedingly rare in HIV-negative patients.In this article, we report 2 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in a 42-year-old and 55-year-old patients. Both patients denied any homosexual relationships. Their tumors were represented by 5-mm nodules located close to the external urethral orifice. Both patients have undergone tumor excision. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated Kaposi's sarcoma. The 55-year-old-patient had positive nuclear staining with anti-HHV-8 antibodies in the tumor cells, although no anti-HIV antibodies were found in his serum. The 42-year-old patient had a clinically significant increase in the level of human papillomavirus 51 (HPV-51) DNA detected using polymerase chain reaction in his urethral swab sample (3.2 х 10 5 Lg). Both patients were alive after 36 and 34 months, respectively, without signs of disease progression.

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Mamoudou Savadogo and Ismaël Diallo. "Kaposi's sarcoma revealing an immune restoration syndrome." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 094–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0082.

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Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) leads to reconstitution of immune responses in HIV-infected patients. This immune reconstitution may reveal an immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS). While tuberculosis is the most common manifestation of IRS in southern countries, other more serious conditions such as Kaposi's disease may reveal it. Observation: We report a case of Kaposi's disease revealing an immune restoration syndrome with the aim of contributing to a better management. The patient was 38 years old and HIV1 positive, severely immunocompromised with a TCD4 lymphocyte count of 138 cells/mm3. He was admitted to the YO University Hospital for fever associated with a progressive deterioration of the general condition. On admission, he showed signs of anemic cardiomyopathy (functional systolic murmur + edema of the lower limbs + severe anemia at 4.7g/dl) and signs of functional renal failure (creatinine=182 micromol/l). Under treatment, the evolution was favorable and he was discharged from the hospital on antiretroviral treatment (ARV). Three months after the start of ARV treatment, the follow-up assessment noted an increase in TCD4 lymphocytes to 300 cells/mm3 and the skin examination revealed Kaposi's lesions on the thigh. With specific treatment, the evolution was favorable. Conclusion: Early detection and management of HIV infection can prevent some serious manifestations of immune restoration syndrome, such as Kaposi's disease.

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Mochloulis, George, Richard M. Irving, Henry R. Grant, and Robert F. Miller. "Laryngeal Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 11 (November 1996): 1034–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100135698.

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AbstractOver a period of 10 years 17 human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients with laryngeal Kaposi's sarcoma were seen and treated at University College London Hospitals. All patients had advanced HIV disease. Their presentation was with symptoms of upper airway obstruction in the majority of cases and the diagnosis was made by fibreoptic examination of the larynx. Biopsy was associated with brisk haemorrhage in one patient, who required a temporary tracheostomy, and was not performed in the other 16 cases. The commonest site of laryngeal involvement was the supraglottis in 11 patients, with glottic lesions noted in eight patients: subglottic lesions were seen in only three. Treatment of laryngeal Kaposi's sarcoma was, in general, conservative, five patients received low dose radiotherapy to the larynx and 10 were treated with systemic chemotherapy for disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. Laryngeal Kaposi's sarcoma did not contribute to patient mortality.

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Hale, Lloyd R., and John VV Kelly. "Familial Kaposi's sarcoma and Paget's disease of bone." Australasian Journal of Dermatology 39, no. 4 (November 1998): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.1998.tb01481.x.

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Peduto, Tiziana, Francesco Cillo, Paola Nappa, Mario Delfino, Gabriella Fabbrocini, and Maria Ferrillo. "Atypical Manifestations in Classic Kaposi Sarcoma: Case Series of Two Patients HIV - Negative." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 6 (March 27, 2019): 1021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.162.

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BACKGROUND: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a tumour of endothelial, blood and lymphatic cells, caused by an infection with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). The skin lesions of KS, especially of the classical or Mediterranean variant (CKS), are represented by red-purple macules, plaques and nodules, localised mainly on the extremities. CASE REPORT: This case series intend to describe multifocal atypical kaposian manifestations in two HIV negative subjects, affected by CKS, treated with successful chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Although atypical manifestations are extremely rare events, we suggest an accurate, objective examination because a prompt diagnosis can lead to a vital intervention in the patient's health and sometimes to the identification of the disease itself.

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Caldwell, BD, D. Kushner, and B. Young. "Kaposi's sarcoma versus bacillary angiomatosis." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 86, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-86-6-260.

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Persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are subject to a host of pathologic entities secondary to a depressed immune system. Kaposi's sarcoma frequently presents in this immunocompromised population and, therefore, diagnosis seems clinically straightforward. However, because of the prevalence of a strikingly similar infectious disease known as bacillary angiomatosis, skin biopsy of one or more lesions is crucial.

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MUELLER, BRIGITTA U., KARINA M. BUTLER, M. COLLEEN HIGHAM, ROBERT N. HUSSON, KAREN A. MONTRELLA, PHILIP A. PIZZO, IRWIN M. FEUERSTEIN, and KALLANNA MANJUNATH. "Smooth Muscle Tumors in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." Pediatrics 90, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.3.460.

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Neoplastic disease is an increasing problem in adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Kaposi's sarcoma is the indicator disease in 9% and lymphoma in 3% of adult AIDS cases.1 Indeed, the estimated incidence rate of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) reaches almost 50% in adult patients who have survived for up to 3 years while receiving antiretroviral therapy and who have a CD4 count below 50 cells/mm3.2 Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have also been treated and followed up for an extended period of time, but a similar increase in the incidence of malignancies has not yet been described. Through December 1990, only 17 children with NHL and 1 child with Kaposi's sarcoma as AIDS-indicator disease have been reported to the Centers of Disease Control.1

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Berrad, S., K. Oualla, V. W. Lokonga, L. Nouiakh, H. Erraichi, L. Amaadour, Z. Benbrahim, S. Arifi, and N. Mellas. "Rapid and Elevated Tumor Responses to Wekley Paclitaxel for AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i12/1004.

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Kaposi sarcoma is a rare condition, it is an incurable disease with a poor prognosis, the treatment of this pathology is variable including surgery, Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and antiviral treatments. A number of drugs approved for the treatment of KS associated with AIDS, in particular the pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DLP) which is currently the standard, Paclitaxel, have also shown efficacy against advanced SK. We report a case of a patient with kaposi's sarcoma associated with HIV metastatic in the lung, liver and lymph nodes and who presented an almost complete response after 4 months of chemotherapy with weekly Paclitaxel at a dose of 100 mg in our department of medical oncology at CHU Hassan II in Fez. Of interest is the complete response to paclitaxel treatment in a patient followed for metastatic kaposi sarcoma.

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Rezaee, S. A. Rahim, Charles Cunningham, Andrew J. Davison, and David J. Blackbourn. "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus immune modulation: an overview." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1781–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81919-0.

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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most recently discovered human herpesvirus. It is the aetiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a tumour frequently affecting AIDS patients not receiving treatment. KSHV is also a likely cause of two lymphoproliferative diseases: multicentric Castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphoma. The study of KSHV offers exciting challenges for understanding the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis, including those involved in establishing infection and dissemination in the host. To facilitate these processes, approximately one-quarter of KSHV genes encode cellular homologues or unique proteins that have immunomodulatory roles in cytokine production, apoptosis, cell signalling and the immunological synapse. The activities of these molecules are considered in the present review and the positions of their genes are mapped from a complete KSHV genome sequence derived from a KS biopsy. The understanding gained enables the significance of different components of the immune response in protection against KSHV infection to be evaluated. It also helps to unravel the complexities of cellular and immunological pathways and offers the potential for exploiting viral immunomodulators and derivatives in disease therapy.

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Goodier, Martin R., C. M. Mela, A. Steel, B. Gazzard, M. Bower, and F. Gotch. "NKG2C+ NK Cells Are Enriched in AIDS Patients with Advanced-Stage Kaposi's Sarcoma." Journal of Virology 81, no. 1 (October 11, 2006): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01567-06.

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ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining condition in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. We investigated the phenotype and function of the NKG2C+ NK cell population in individuals with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma. The staging of AIDS KS patients according to the AIDS Clinical Trial Group criteria revealed that patients with the S1 disease stage have a significantly higher proportion of NKG2C+ cells than those with the S0 disease stage. NKG2C+ cells from S1-stage patients are highly enriched for the expression of KIR3DL1, are depleted of NKp46, and respond poorly to major histocompatibility complex class I-positive target cells. These data demonstrate a link between NK cell phenotype and function and disease prognosis in AIDS.

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Leão, Jair Carneiro, Adele Caterino-de-Araújo, Stephen R. Porter, and Crispian Scully. "Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 57, no. 4 (August 2002): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812002000400008.

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OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature on human herpesvirus 8 with particular attention to the aspects related to the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors searched original research and review articles on specific aspects of human herpesvirus 8 infection, including virology, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, natural history, therapy, and Kaposi's sarcoma etiopathogenesis. The relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. RESULTS: Human herpesvirus 8 is a recently discovered DNA virus that is present throughout the world but with major geographic variation. In the Western world, the virus, transmitted mainly by means of sexual contact, is strongly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and body cavity-based lymphoma and more controversially with multiple myeloma and other non-proliferative disorders. There is no specific effective treatment, but HIV protease inhibitors may play an indirect role in the clearance of human herpesvirus 8 DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients. Human herpesvirus 8 DNA is present in saliva, but there are as yet no documented cases of nosocomial transmission to health care workers. The prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 among health care workers is probably similar to that in the general population. CONCLUSION: Human herpesvirus 8 appears to be, at least in Western Europe and United States, restricted to a population at risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. Human herpesvirus 8 certainly has the means to overcome cellular control and immune responses and thus predispose carriers to malignancy, particularly Kaposi's sarcoma. The wide diffusion of Human herpesvirus 8 in classic Kaposi's sarcoma areas appears to represent an important factor in the high incidence of the disease. However, additional co-factors are likely to play a role in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma.

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Smith, Kathleen J., Henry G. Skelton, William D. James, Terry L. Barrett, David W. Anderson, and Peter Angritt. "Angiosarcoma arising in Kaposi's sarcoma (pleomorphic Kaposi's sarcoma) in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus disease." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 24, no. 5 (May 1991): 790–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(08)80375-1.

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Abe, Yasuhisa, Daisuke Matsubara, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Shinichi Oka, Satoshi Kimura, Yuki Sasao, Kiyoshi Saitoh, et al. "Distinct expression of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded proteins in Kaposi's sarcoma and multicentric Castleman's disease." Pathology International 56, no. 10 (October 2006): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.2006.02017.x.

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Lyogkih, Alexander V., Elena F. Gaisina, Maria N. Dobrinskaya, Ekaterina A. Omelkova, and Polina I. Astryukhina. "Oral manifestations of HIV-infection in patients based on CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts." Человек и его здоровье 26, no. 4 (2023): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21626/vestnik/2023-4/05.

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Objective - analysis and generalization of the available data on the manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus in the oral cavity depending on the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the blood. Materials and methods. A search of clinical studies, systematic reviews, and online meta-analyses was conducted from 2004-2023 in the PubMed, Elsiever, Scopus, Cochrane, and Elibrary databases, which described oral manifestations of HIV infection as a function of CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. Results. Pseudomembranous candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma develop against a background of severe immunodeficiency when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is <200 cells/μL blood. Kaposi's sarcoma also develops in people with a high CD8+ T-lymphocyte count (>1000 cells/μL of blood) or with a low CD4+ to CD8+ ratio (CD4+:CD8+ ≤0.5). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma develops not only with CD4+ T-cells <200/μL, but also with a high number of CD8+ T-cells (≥2000 cells/μL of blood). Specific periodontal disease develops with moderate to severe immunodeficiency (CD4+ T-cells 200-500 cells/μL of blood). Necrotic ulcerative gingivitis is more often seen in severe immunodeficiency (CD4+ T-lymphocytes <200 cells/μL). Conclusion. The development of pseudomembranous candidiasis (p<0,05), "hairy" leukoplakia (p<0,01), Kaposi sarcoma (p<0,0001) statistically significantly correlates with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count <200 cells/μl blood. In addition, the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, in addition to the low number of CD4+ T-cells, is affected by a high number of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes >1000 cells/μL (p=0.0003) and a low CD4+:CD8+ ratio ≤0.5 (p<0.0003), which is statistically significant.

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Báez, Maria Valeria Jiménez. "Kaposi's sarcoma a series of cases and review of the literature." MOJ Clinical & Medical Case Reports 11, no. 4 (2021): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojcr.2021.11.00392.

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Introduction: Kaposi's sarcoma is a neoplasm associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - AIDS especially in advanced stages, in Quintana Roo HIV-AIDS ranks first in the country. Methodology: A series of 22 cases with diagnosis confirmed by biopsy attended by the oncology service of HGR No. 17 is presented. Results: They were classified as low risk (4); three of them with complete response. High risk (18); fifteen accepted chemotherapy. Nine (60%) received liposomal doxorubicin and six (40%) paclitaxel; of these, four had a complete response, one partial response, six with stable disease and five with disease progression that required a second line. The presence of adverse effects associated with chemotherapy treatment was documented in six patients classified as high risk (40%). Conclusions: Clinical interventions with therapeutic trials are necessary, since the available evidence dates from periods of more than 10 years ago. HIV patients require continuous monitoring and clinical trials to improve the therapeutic options available to treat one of the most common oncological diseases in this population such as Kaposi's Sarcoma.

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Benchekroun, Laila, Zohra Ouzzif, Mounya Bouabdillah, Nouzha Jaouhar, Fatiha Aoufir, Farida Aoufi, Abdellah Benslimane, and Layachi Chabraoui. "Association of Kaposi's disease-immunoglobulin monoclonal: a new case." Annales de biologie clinique 71, no. 2 (March 2013): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2013.0793.

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García-Morales, Irene, Sandra Case-Mérida, and Jerónimo Escudero. "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in a patient with darier's disease." Indian Journal of Dermatology 63, no. 5 (2018): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijd.ijd_492_17.

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Kosann, Meredith Klein, Joshua P. Fogelman, and Roy L. Stern. "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in a patient with Grover's disease." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 49, no. 5 (November 2003): 914–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(03)00854-5.

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Kim, Dong-Eog, Ho Jin Kim, Young A. Kim, and Kwang-Woo Lee. "Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus-associated Castleman's disease with POEMS syndrome." Muscle & Nerve 23, no. 3 (March 2000): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(200003)23:3<436::aid-mus18>3.0.co;2-i.

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Lungu, E., T. J. Massaro, E. Ndelwa, N. Ainea, S. Chibaya, and N. J. Malunguza. "Mathematical Modeling of the HIV/Kaposi’s Sarcoma Coinfection Dynamics in Areas of High HIV Prevalence." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/753424.

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We formulate a deterministic system of ordinary differential equations to quantify HAART treatment levels for patients co-infected with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma in a high HIV prevalence setting. A qualitative stability analysis of the equilibrium states is carried out and we find that the disease-free equilibrium is globally attracting whenever the reproductive numberℛk<1. A unique endemic equilibrium exists and is locally stable wheneverℛk>1. Therefore, reducingℛkto below unity should be the goal for disease eradication. Provision of HAART is shown to provide dual benefit of reducing HIV spread and the risk of acquiring another fatal disease for HIV/AIDS patients. By providing treatment to 10% of the HIV population, about 87% of the AIDS population acquire protection against coinfection with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). Most sub-Sahara African countries already have programmes in place to screen HIV. Our recommendation is that these programmes should be expanded to include testing for HHV-8 and KS counseling.

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Rodriguez, C. Suan, A. Tebar Diaz, J. M. Suarez-Delgado, and J. M. Valpuesta-Vega. "Anaesthetic Considerations in Castleman's Disease." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 33, no. 1 (February 2005): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0503300121.

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Castleman's disease is a lymphoreticular disorder, often localized and clinically silent. Systemic manifestations may occur. Castleman's disease may be associated with pathologies such as POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes), AIDS, amyloidosis, pemphigus vulgaris, and other types of cancer such as lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. Careful preoperative evaluation is required to determine whether associated mediastinal or spinal canal masses or haematological disorders are present. The significance of these pathologies for anaesthetic management is discussed. We present the case of a 27-year-old female patient with Castleman's disease (hyaline-vascular variant) requiring vaginal reconstruction due to recurrent sores and synechiae.

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Morris, Ashley K., and Amy Wells Valley. "Overview of the Management of AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 10 (October 1996): 1150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603001015.

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OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), as well as the current role of local and systemic therapies in the management of AIDS-related KS (AIDS–KS). DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: MEDLINE and CANCERLIT searches of the English-language medical literature were conducted. Emphasis was placed on studies published since the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s. A manual review of selected bibliographies was also completed. DATA SYNTHESIS: AIDS–KS is a disease with a heterogeneous presentation that affects approximately 20% of patients with AIDS. Although the proportion of AIDS patients developing this disease during the course of their illness is declining, the actual number of AIDS–KS cases is increasing. The etiology of AIDS–KS is not clear, but a sexually transmitted cofactor has been implicated. Recent reports demonstrate that a herpes-like virus may be responsible for the development of KS in patients with and without AIDS. Furthermore, the cellular origin of KS has not been identified and questions remain about whether KS represents a true malignancy. The system used in staging patients with AIDS–KS has changed dramatically since initial therapeutic trials were conducted; this may account for observed differences in outcome among trials. The immunologic status of patients is now included as part of the staging system, since it has prognostic significance. Since specific therapy for AIDS–KS is not curative and does not prolong survival, it should be directed at improving patient cosmesis and palliation of disease-related symptoms. Local therapy, such as radiation, cryotherapy, and intralesional chemotherapy, is recommended for the management of limited disease. Systemic interferon alfa or chemotherapy is indicated for disseminated disease. Interferon alfa is useful in patients with predominantly mucocutaneous disease and is most effective in patients with good prognostic factors, such as absence of B symptoms, no history of opportunistic infections, and a CD4 count of more than 200 cells/mm3. Interferon alfa alone or in combination with zidovudine produces responses in approximately 30% of AIDS–KS patients with good prognostic factors. Single-agent or combination chemotherapy is indicated for rapidly progressive or advanced AIDS–KS. Commonly used agents include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, and vinblastine. Responses can be expected in at least 50% of patients treated with single-agent or combination chemotherapy. However, many patients are unable to tolerate the toxicity associated with systemic AIDS–KS therapy. Future research will focus on therapies that target the underlying pathogenesis of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal therapy for patients with AIDS–KS has not been determined. Treatment is appropriately directed at palliation of disease-related symptoms as no therapy has been unequivocally proven to impact survival. Local therapies should be used in the management of localized disease, while systemic therapy is appropriate for disseminated disease. Interferon alfa is useful in patients with primarily mucocutaneous disease or asymptomatic visceral involvement. Chemotherapy is indicated in patients who have rapidly progressive or advanced disease. Therapy must be individualized according to the patient's disease course and other patient-specific factors.

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Merimsky, Ofer, Irina Jiveliouk, and Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg. "Targeting mTOR in HIV-Negative Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma." Sarcoma 2008 (2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/825093.

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A 66-year old female with HIV-negative classic Kaposi's sarcoma responded to mTOR targeting by rapamycin. The response was well documented by PET-CT. This case provides supporting evidence that the mTOR pathway may be important in the tumorigenesis of KS and that rapamycin may have activity in this disease.

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Andrews, Jason R., Yoon Andrew Cho-Park, Judith Ferry, Jeremy S. Abramson, and Gregory K. Robbins. "Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Related Solid Lymphoma Involving the Heart and Brain." AIDS Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/729854.

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Since its discovery in 1994, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, particularly in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The disorders most strongly linked to KSHV are multicentric Castleman's Disease (MCD), primary effusion lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We report an unusual case of KSHV-associated lymphoma in an HIV-infected patient manifesting with myocardial and central nervous system involvement. We discuss this case in the context of increasing array of KSHV-associated lymphomas. In the HIV-infected patient with a mass lesion, a history of cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma and prolonged immunosuppression should alert clinicians as to the possibility of KSHV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, in order to establish a timely diagnosis.

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ALLI, Nuran, Ahu YORULMAZ, Evşen ATICI, and Düriye ÖZER TÜRKAY. "A Case of Darier's Disease Complicated with Kaposi's Varicelliform Eruption." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dermatology 25, no. 1 (2015): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/dermato.2015-43624.

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PARSLEW, R., and J. L. VERBOV. "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption due to herpes simplex in Darier's disease." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 19, no. 5 (September 1994): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb02703.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Kaposi's disease'

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