Academic literature on the topic 'Kaolinite-rich soils'
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Journal articles on the topic "Kaolinite-rich soils"
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Melo, V. F., B. Singh, C. E. G. R. Schaefer, R. F. Novais, and M. P. F. Fontes. "Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Kaolinite-Rich Brazilian Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 65, no. 4 (July 2001): 1324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.6541324x.
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Arocena, J. M., and P. Sanborn. "Mineralogy and genesis of selected soils and their implications for forest management in central and northeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-071.
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Soil properties in central and northeastern British Columbia are strongly influenced by parent materials because of geologically young till, glaciolacustrine, and glaciofluvial deposits. We examined pedogenesis on various parent materials to support studies of long-term forest productivity. We sampled nine pedons developed on till (Bobtail, Lucille Mountain, Skulow Lake, Log Lake, Topley, and Kiskatinaw), glaciofluvial (Bowron), and glaciolacustrine (Aleza Lake 1, 2) deposits. The Skulow Lake pedon is distinctive in the occurrence of talc, while the Lucille Mountain pedon has the only clay fraction in which kaolinite is absent. Other pedons on till contain mica, kaolinite, chlorite, smectite, and vermiculite. The Bowron pedon has mica, kaolinite, and chlorite, while the Aleza Lake pedons have mica, kaolinite, chlorite, and 2:1 expanding minerals. In pedons with low amount of 2:1 expanding clays in the C horizon, mica and chlorite appear to degrade into 2:1 expanding clays, while in pedons with C horizons containing 2:1 expanding clays, mica and chlorite seem stable and the formation of hydroxy-interlayered clays is the predominant process. Podzolization and lessivage are major pedogenic processes, while redoximorphic processes are observed in some pedons with illuvial Bt horizons. Significant soil compaction hazards are presented by the medium and fine soil surface textures. Although clay-rich Bt horizons may benefit soil nutrient regimes, conservation of nutrient-rich forest floors is important, given the low S contents in mineral soils. High contents of feldspars in these soils provide a large reserve of nutrients such as Ca and K. Key words: Clay minerals, parent material, podzolization, lessivage
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Muhs, Daniel R. "Evolution of Soils on Quaternary Reef Terraces of Barbados, West Indies." Quaternary Research 56, no. 1 (July 2001): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2237.
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AbstractSoils on uplifted Quaternary reef terraces of Barbados, ∼125,000 to ∼700,000 yr old, form a climo-chronosequence and show changes in physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties with terrace age. Parent materials are dust derived from the Sahara, volcanic ash from the Lesser Antilles island arc, and detrital carbonate from the underlying reef limestone. Although some terrace soils are probably eroded, soils or their remnants are redder and more clay-rich with increasing terrace age. Profile-average Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content increases with terrace age, which partially reflects the increasing clay content, but dithionite-extractable Fe also increases with terrace age. Profile-average K2O/TiO2, Na2O/TiO2, and P2O5/TiO2 values decrease with terrace age, reflecting the depletion of primary minerals. Average SiO2/Al2O3 values also decrease with terrace age and reflect not only loss of primary minerals but also evolution of secondary clay minerals. Although they are not present in any of the parent materials, the youngest terrace soils are dominated by smectite and interstratified kaolinite-smectite, which gradually alter to relatively pure kaolinite over ∼700,000 yr. Comparisons with other tropical islands, where precipitation is higher and rates of dust fall may be lower, show that Barbados soils are less weathered than soils of comparable age. It is concluded that many soil properties in tropical regions can be potentially useful relative-age indicators in Quaternary stratigraphic studies, even when soils are eroded or changes in soil morphology are not dramatic.
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Vasquez Torres, Oscar Oswaldo, Laura Carmona-Saldarriaga, and Jorge I. Tobón. "Cement production with pozzolans from residual tropical soils formed from paragneiss with a high silicon oxide content." DYNA 87, no. 213 (April 1, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n213.83208.
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The manufacture of cement demands a lot of energy and gives off large amounts of CO2. Calcined clays need less energy and emit water instead of CO2, which has drawn attention to them, especially those rich in kaolinite. However, their use has been discouraged due to their location and high market price. Hence, the present study focuses on calcined clays with a low kaolinite content, specifically those derivedfrom paragneiss. In Colombia they are located in weathering horizons with depths of up to 40 meters. The results showed contents of 20%Al2O3, less than 14% Fe2O3, more than 60% SiO2, less than 40% kaolinite, 20% illite and more than 30% quartz. Calcined at 750 °C, they were used in mortars, obtaining SAI values of between 80 and 100% after 28 days, which, added to the results of Frattini tests, show that their use as a supplementary cementing material is feasible.
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Farias, Wisley M., Éder S. Martins, and Patrícia F. Machado. "Benzene Concentration in the Phases of Tropical Soils." Soils and Rocks 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.323135.
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This work evaluates tropical soil adsorption capacity of a hydrophobic compound (benzene). With such purpose, a lateritic soil poor in organic matter and a hydromorphic soil rich in kaolinite with a higher organic content were studied. The lateritic soil, rich in Al and Fe oxides, presented a higher sorption capacity in grain size terms for having a higher clay fraction which consequently favored a greater surface contact area, and in mineralogical terms for containing micro-aggregates of Al and Fe oxides, which may confine hydrophobic compounds. This study also compared the lateritic soil retardation factor with Batch Test sorption data. It is shown that the retardation factor for benzene may overestimate the concentration of the adsorbed phase, and thus underestimates the concentration in the effective dissolved phase. Also, a simplified model is presented to calculate benzene concentration in the various phases (free, dissolved and adsorbed) and in the pore-fluid of a lateritic soil in a saturated environment.
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Arthur, Emmanuel, Markus Tuller, Trine Norgaard, Per Moldrup, and Lis W. de Jonge. "Improved estimation of clay content from water content for soils rich in smectite and kaolinite." Geoderma 350 (September 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.05.018.
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Singh, Balwant, and Susan Heffernan. "Layer charge characteristics of smectites from Vertosols (Vertisols) of New South Wales." Soil Research 40, no. 7 (2002): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02017.
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Premature senescence in cotton has been attributed to K deficiency in the cotton soils of Australia. The availability, release, and fixation of K+ in soils are mainly dependent on the clay mineralogy and layer charge characteristics of 2 : 1 clay minerals. There is a little information on the mineralogy and charge characteristics of the cotton growing soils (Vertosols) of Australia. The aims of this study were to determine the clay mineralogy, the layer charge density, and layer charge distribution of some cotton growing soils by chemical and X-ray diffraction methods.Most soil clays contain abundant smectite associated with small amounts of mica, kaolinite, and an interstratified mineral. The total layer charge as determined by the alkylammonium method ranged between 0.55 and 0.67 mol(–)/(O10(OH)2), indicating a high interlayer charge density. The layer charge of smectites from different valleys and for different size fractions was similar. The Greene-Kelly test showed that most of the charge originated in the tetrahedral sheet. The chemical analysis indicates that the smectite is an iron-rich beidellite, which has possibly formed from the weathering of mica.
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Fernandes, Kathleen Lourenço, Adriana Aparecida Ribon, José Marques Junior, Angélica Santos Rabelo de Souza Bahia, and João Tavares Filho. "Magnetic and spectral signatures of Cerrado soils in the state of Goiás, Brazil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 10 (October 2017): 923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017001000012.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the iron oxide contents (hematite and goethite) and to characterize the color and the spectral and magnetic signatures of Cerrado soils in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Six Oxisols and one Inceptisol were studied. Spectral and magnetic signatures were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and magnetic susceptibility, respectively. Then, the spectral curves and the second derivative calculations were used to determine hematite and goethite contents, as well as soil color after conversion into tristimulus values. Hematite and goethite contents were also obtained by x-ray diffractometry, and soil color was also defined in the field (Munsell color chart). The values for the isomorphic substitution of iron by aluminum and the degree of redness were also determined. DRS can be used to estimate hematite and goethite contents, as well as the color of Cerrado soils in the state of Goiás. The spectral signature can point out the main soil properties related to the contents of organic matter, iron oxides, kaolinite, and gibbsite. The magnetic signature, characteristic of soils rich in iron oxides (hematite and goethite), shows the predominance of pedogenic minerals.
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Budhu, Muniram, R. F. Giese Jr., George Campbell, and Lynn Baumgrass. "The permeability of soils with organic fluids." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-015.
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Permeability measurements, using a consolidometer, were made for kaolinite, montmorillonite, and a clay-rich soil (the Lockport clay) with a variety of organic liquids and water as permeants. These data, along with selected values from the literature, were used to evaluate several theories that have been proposed as explanations for the general observation that permeabilities of clay soils with organic fluids as the permeants are higher than with water as the permeant. Of the several obvious differences in physical properties between water and organic liquids (e.g., dielectric constant, viscosity, dipole moment, specific gravity, and surface tension), only the dielectric constant provided a consistent correlation with the permeabilities used in this study. The permeabilities for the organic chemicals used in this study can be predicted using the measured permeability for the soil with water as the permeant and the dielectric constant of the organic by way of an exponential equation. For mixtures of acetone–water and methanol–water, the permeabilities did not vary linearly with the composition; the permeabilities remained close to values for pure water until approximately 70% (by volume) of the fluid was organic. Key words: permeability, organics, dielectric constant, soils.
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Bleeker, P., and R. Sageman. "Surface charge characteristics and clay mineralogy of some variable charge soils in Papua New Guinea." Soil Research 28, no. 6 (1990): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900901.
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Clay mineralogy and charge characteristics of two lowland volcanic ash soils (Andepts or Andisols) and two strongly weathered soils (Oxisols) have been studied. The clay mineralogy of the Oxisols is strongly related to the composition of the parent material, one profile on ultrabasic rocks being dominated by goethite and the other, developed on basaltic rocks, having kaolinite as the major clay mineral. In contrast, the clay minerals of the soils developed on volcanic ash deposits are dominated by hydroxy Al-interlayered vermiculite which, in one soil, is most likely formed as an alteration product of biotite. In the other profile, however, in the absence of mica, the vermiculite may have formed as an alteration product of feldspars. Charge characteristics for each of the four profiles studied show a characteristic set of curves related to organic matter content, clay mineralogy and exchangeable aluminium at low pH. The results clearly show that organic manuring within the root zone and/or rejuvenation of silica-rich ash showers can be very beneficial in retaining the chemical fertility levels of soils that contain both variable and permanent charge colloids.
Book chapters on the topic "Kaolinite-rich soils"
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Juo, Anthony S. R., and Kathrin Franzluebbers. "Soil Fertility." In Tropical Soils. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195115987.003.0009.
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In the natural world, plant species evolve and adapt to specific soil and climatic conditions. The productivity and stability of a natural soil-plant continuum or ecosystem are maintained through diversity, succession, and internal nutrient cycling. Hence, there are no rich soils or poor soils but different soils supporting different ecosystems. From an agricultural viewpoint, however, the term soil fertility may be defined as the capacity of a soil, under a given rainfall or water management regime, to support the growth of common food and fiber crops with minimum or no external inputs for a long period of time without adversely degrading the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil. Thus, a naturally fertile or productive soil usually possesses the following features: • good soil tilth or workability • adequate organic matter content in the surface layer • adequate permeability • adequate available water-holding capacity • slightly acidic to neutral pH • loamy-textured topsoil • moderate amounts of smectite and weatherable minerals Worldwide, the most fertile soils are prairie soils derived from glacial till, young alluvial soils in river valleys and deltas and high-base-status volcanic ash soils. These soils are also known as Mollisols, high-base-status Entisols and high-base- status Andisols, respectively, according to the Soil Taxonomy classification. At the other end of the scale are the so-called infertile soils. These are the highly weathered and strongly leached soils or “lateritic soils” of the tropics. Ultisols and Oxisols rich in kaolinite and Fe and Al oxides fall into this category. The soil fertility status of other types of soils falls in between these two groups. In general, parent material and stage of weathering are good indicators of soil fertility. Moderately weathered soils derived from basic parent rocks such as basalts and limestone and recent alluvial deposits are invariably more fertile than those derived from acidic parent rocks such as sandstone, quartzite, and coarse-grained granite. Strongly weathered soils generally have a low fertility because primary minerals containing plant nutrients such as Ca, Mg, and K have long disappeared through dissolution, acidification, and leaching. The dominant clay-size minerals in strongly weathered soils, kaolinite and Fe and Al oxides, possess little capacity to retain these cations.
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Juo, Anthony S. R., and Kathrin Franzluebbers. "Properties and Management of Oxidic Soils." In Tropical Soils. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195115987.003.0015.
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Oxidic soils are deeply weathered, fine-textured, oxide-rich soils in the tropics. These soils are the second most abundant soils in the tropics. Geographically, oxidic soils are found in Latin America (Brazil, Central America), East and Central Africa (Kenya, Congo, and Cameroon), the Caribbean Basin, and the Pacific Islands. In southeastern Asia, oxidic soils are found in isolated areas of Indonesia, the Philippines, and northern Australia, usually on the volcanic and limestone-dominated geomorphic surfaces. Oxidic soils are oxide-rich, low bulk density Oxisols, Alfisols, and Ultisols according to the Soil Taxonomy classification. In other soil classification schemes, most oxidic soils are classified under Sols Ferallitiques according to the French system, and Ferralsols and Nitosols under the FAO/UNESCO system. Oxidic soils are differentiated into high-base-status and low-base-status soils on the basis of the 70% base saturation limit calculated from effective CEC. The high-base-status oxidic soils generally are enriched with Ca-saturated organic matter in the surface layer and are among the more productive upland soils in the tropics. The low-base-status oxidic soils are acidic, have a low effective CEC, and the degree of exchangeable Al saturation often exceeds 60% in the subsoil horizons. Because of their excellent soil physical properties, oxidic soils are more resistant to soil erosion and therefore better suited to large-scale mechanized agriculture than kaolinitic soils. Although the dominant clay mineral is kaolinite, the presence of moderate amounts of crystalline and amorphous Fe and Al oxides and hydrous oxides (around 5% Fe2O3 or higher) with a high specific surface area (100 m2/g or larger) gives rise to many unique chemical and physical properties, such as a variable surface charge, the formation of microaggregates, low bulk density (0.8-1.2 Mg/ m3), stable soil structure, and high permeability. Most oxidic soils are red or dark red due to the presence of clay-size hematite (Fe2O3) in the soil. The yellowish oxidic soils contain primarily goethite (FeOOH) in the clay fraction and occur in the wetter geomorphic positions of a deeply weathered landscape. Extensive areas of clayey, yellowish oxidic soils are found in the Amazon Basin. Gibbsite (A1OOH) is the major crystalline Al oxide.
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Juo, Anthony S. R., and Kathrin Franzluebbers. "Properties and Management of Smectitic Soils." In Tropical Soils. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195115987.003.0016.
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Smectitic soils of the tropics are medium- to fine-textured alluvial soils containing moderate to large amounts (20% or more) of smectite, a shrinking and swelling clay mineral, in the clay fraction. Small to moderate amounts of other layer silicate minerals, such as illite, chlorite, vermiculite, and kaolinite, are also present in the clay fraction. Smectitic soils have moderate to high values of CEC (10-50 cmol/kg of soil), high base saturation, and high water-retention capacity. These soils are usually developed on alluvial materials rich in basic cations, especially Mg. Smectitic soils commonly occur on alluvial plains in river valleys and deltas as well as in inland depressions. In the wetter tropics, large areas of smectitic soils are found in tropical Asia, especially Vietnam, Thailand, and Myanmar (Burma). These young alluvial soils are rich in nutrient-bearing weatherable minerals, such as micas, feldspars, and hornblende. Smectitic soils on the alluvial plains and inland valleys have a shallow groundwater table, and some soils are flooded during the rainy season. Thus, they are best suited for rice cultivation. For example, in the flood plains along the Mekong and Chao Phraya rivers of the Indo- China peninsula, mineral-rich deposits from annual flooding are able to maintain relatively high rice yields with little or no additional nutrient inputs. Smectitic soils occurring in seasonally flooded coastal mangrove swamps are known as acid sulfate soils. These soils are used for cultivation of swamp rice and floating rice during the rainy season, depending upon the depth of flooding by fresh water. In drier regions, clayey smectitic soils (mainly Vertisols) often exhibit large cracks during the dry season and become very sticky and difficult to work with during the rainy season. In the drier tropics, large areas of clayey smectitic soils are found in central India, central Sudan, southern Ghana, and in the Lake Chad region of central Africa. Clayey smectitic soils are usually found in the inland depressions scattered throughout the drier regions of West, East and Central Africa. Because of their high chemical fertility, these soils are important soils for cropping and grazing in the drier tropics.
Conference papers on the topic "Kaolinite-rich soils"
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Tabassum, T., and T. V. Bheemasetti. "Self-Healing and Desiccation Crack Behavior of Kaolinite-Rich Clay Soil." In Geo-Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482780.057.
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