Academic literature on the topic 'Kaolinite – Analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Kaolinite – Analysis"
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Mbey, Jean Aimé, Cyrill Joël Ngally Sabouang, Thomas Beauregard Makon, Sandotin Lassina Coulibaly, and Sakéo Kong. "The thermal dehydroxylation of kaolinite using thermogravimetric analysis and Controlled rate thermal analysis." Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 16, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v16i3.4.
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The aim of this work was to identify parameters that could influence the conversion of kaolinite into metakaolinite. To this end, the dehydroxylation of four kaolinites, using controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) were used to confirm the kaolinitic nature of the samples. Their crystallinity was evaluated using the Hinckley index from the XRD patterns and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for morphological observation of the clay platelets. The thermal analyses of the samples indicate, for all samples, low defects as revealed by the low amount of adsorbed water on the clay surface. The dehydroxylation temperature from both techniques was influenced by the sample crystallinity and particle size. It was observed from both techniques that increase crystallinity resulted in highdehydroxylation temperature. Also, the influence of the clay platelets size on the dehydroxylation temperature, is proposed. All the results indicate that crystallinity and particle size are parameters that could be used to control the temperature for the conversion of kaolinite to metakaolinite.
Keywords: Kaolinite; Crystallinity, Dehydroxylation; Thermal analysis
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Liu, Dongna, Yun Zhang, Anchao Zhou, Emmanuel Nnachi, Shuting Huo, and Qi Zhang. "The Kaolinite Crystallinity and Influence Factors of Coal-Measure Kaolinite Rock from Datong Coalfield, China." Minerals 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010054.
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In order to ascertain the kaolinite crystallinity of Carboniferous Permian coal-measure kaolinite rocks, seven groups of fresh samples were collected from below the ground in the Xiaoyu mine, Datong coalfield. Microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry methods were applied to the samples. The petrographic analysis results show that the kaolinite rocks are characterized as compact, phaneritic, clastic, sand-bearing, sandy and silty types; the kaolinite content in the Shanxi formation and upper Taiyuan formations was more than 95%, while it was 60–90% in the middle and lower Taiyuan formations. Based on the Hinckley index and the features of XRD, DTA and IR of kaolinites, crystallinity was classified as having three grades: ordered, slightly disordered and disordered. The kaolinites’ SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio was about 1.9–5.7, with a chemical index of alteration (CIA) of about 95.4–99.5. This research suggests that the kaolinite crystallinity correlates positively to its clay mineral content, purity and particle size, which are also related to the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio and CIA. The original sedimentary environment and weathering have a direct influence on kaolinite crystallinity, and the existence of organic matter is conducive to the stable existence of kaolinite. The study results have significance for the extraction and utilization of coal-measure kaolinite and the development of kaolinite crystallography and mineralogy.
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Bauluz, B., M. J. Mayayo, A. Yuste, and J. M. González López. "Genesis of kaolinite from Albian sedimentary deposits of the Iberian Range (NE Spain): analysis by XRD, SEM and TEM." Clay Minerals 43, no. 3 (September 2008): 459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2008.043.3.10.
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AbstractThe kaolinite from Albian sedimentary deposits (Escucha and Utrillas Formations) of the Iberian Range (Spain) have been investigated. This research has shown the presence of different types of kaolinites (detrital and diagenetic) along with micaceous phases in these deposits. Detrital kaolinites show anhedral morphology, low crystallinity and a degree of ordering as well as the presence of interstratified smectite layers. They constitute the matrix of the claystones and siltstones and were probably formed as a consequence of intense weathering processes in the source area during the warm period of the early Cretaceous. Diagenetic kaolinites have been recognized in the sandstones and siltstones, with kaolinite growing between ‘expanded’ mica flakes and vermiform and euhedral kaolinite forming the matrix. They have euhedral morphologies, high crystallinity and a high degree of ordering. They grewin situas a response to incipient diagenesis by K-feldspar dissolution and/or organic acid-rich fluids derived from the maturation of organic matter in shales.
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Drits, Victor A., Boris A. Sakharov, Olga V. Dorzhieva, Bella B. Zviagina, and Holger Lindgreen. "Determination of the phase composition of partially dehydroxylated kaolinites by modelling their X-ray diffraction patterns." Clay Minerals 54, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2019.39.
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AbstractModelling of experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns is used to determine the phase composition of partially dehydroxylated kaolinite samples. To identify unambiguously the presence of two or three phases in the heated kaolinite samples, the full range of their XRD patterns has to be analysed. Two different kaolinites, from Imerys (UK) and from Georgia (USA; KGa-21), were studied. The heating temperatures were selected to cover the entire range of dehydroxylation for both kaolinites (400–550°C for Imerys and 400–495°C for KGa-21). Two different dehydroxylation pathways were observed. At each stage of partial dehydroxylation, the kaolinite from Imerys consisted of the original, non-dehydroxylated kaolinite and of a fully dehydroxylated phase, metakaolinite. During partial dehydroxylation of kaolinite KGa-21, each product formed at a given heating temperature consisted of three phases: the original kaolinite; a dehydroxylated phase, metakaolinite; and a phase with diffraction features corresponding to a defective kaolinite-like structure. To determine the content of metakaolinite in a partially dehydroxylated specimen, its experimental XRD pattern was reproduced by the optimal summation of the diffraction patterns of the initial kaolinite and metakaolinite. A procedure that reveals the basic diffraction features of the third phase is suggested. The XRD patterns and thus the structures of the metakaolinites formed after dehydroxylation of the Imerys and KGa-21 samples differ substantially. The conventional determination of the initial kaolinite and metakaolinite contents in partially dehydroxylated kaolinite based on the analysis of basal reflections and weight losses may lead to overlooking the formation of the intermediate phases.
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García-Vicente, Andrea, Adrián Lorenzo, Juan Morales, Emilia García-Romero, and Mercedes Suárez. "Field Spectroscopy Applied to the Kaolinite Polytypes Identification." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 6, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09353.
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A detailed characterization of a group of kaolin samples rich in some minerals of the kaolinite group was done. The mineralogical and structural characterization was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with the study of the spectroscopy response in visible-near infrared and short wave (VNIR–SWIR), and the main objective was the determination of kaolinite polytypes. The XRD patterns group the samples according to the kaolinite polytype into five kaolinites, two dickites and six halloysites. Diagnostic peaks for kaolinite, dickite polytypes and halloysite were identified in the spectra and in the second derivative of the SWIR region. The position and intensity of the peaks in the second derivative were statistically treated with the aim of classifying the spectra according to the polytype. In good agreement with the XRD results, the statistical analysis of the spectroscopic data, both by cluster analysis and by principal components analysis, allows an unequivocal classification of the samples according to the polytype from their VNIR–SWIR spectra.
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Mbey, Jean-Aimé, Jean Mermoz Siéwé, Cyrill Joël Ngally Sabouang, Angelina Razafitianamaharavo, Sakeo Kong, and Fabien Thomas. "DMSO Intercalation in Selected Kaolinites: Influence of the Crystallinity." ChemEngineering 4, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4040066.
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The present study deals with the relation between crystalline order in kaolinites and their ability to intercalate DMSO. Raw clays and kaolinite–DMSO complexes are analyzed using FTIR, XRD powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). The crystallinity is accessed using the Hinckley index (HI) from the raw clays’ XRD patterns and the p2 factor from their FTIR spectra. The intercalation ratio is evaluated from XRD and compared among the samples. The thermal analyses show a decrease in the dehydroxylation temperature in the DMSO–kaolinite complexes, indicating a decrease in the interlayer cohesion that may be useful to improve the delamination of kaolinite. The analysis of the coherent scattering domain size in the raw and the DMSO-intercalated samples indicates that the ordering is not affected during the DMSO intercalation. From these results, it is deduced that DMSO intercalation is favored by an increased crystallinity, as revealed by the intercalation ratio from XRD and the DSMO release during DSC-TGA analysis.
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Mackenzie, R. C., L. Heller-Kallai, A. A. Rahman, and H. M. Moir. "Interaction of Kaolinite with Calcite on Heating: III. Effect of Different Kaolinites." Clay Minerals 23, no. 2 (June 1988): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1988.023.2.06.
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AbstractThe degree of distortion of the calcite endotherm on differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves for kaolinite-calcite mixtures depends on the kaolinite sample used as well as on the factors previously established. Although no two of the ten kaolinite samples employed, even if from the same general locality, produced identical effects under all experimental conditions, a general relationship between locality of origin and degree of distortion was noted. The crystalline species detected in the products of heating, after standing in air at room temperature, included portlandite, calcite, aragonite, vaterite and the high-temperature phases gehlenite, α′-Ca2SiO4, and 12CaO. 7Al2O3. The actual species present again depended on the kaolinite sample. Although the results cannot be directly related to the volatiles evolved along with water on dehydroxylation of the different kaolinites, a tentative explanation is offered on the basis of the effects of the volatiles on the surfaces of the particles present.
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Gardolinski, J. E. F. C., and G. Lagaly. "Grafted organic derivatives of kaolinite: I. Synthesis, chemical and rheological characterization." Clay Minerals 40, no. 4 (December 2005): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855054040190.
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AbstractSeveral new interlayer-grafted derivatives of kaolinite were synthesized by esterification of inner-surface hydroxyl groups with alkanols, diols and glycol mono-ethers starting with the dimethyl sulphoxide intercalate. The derivatives were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry, thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The grafted molecules are arranged in monolayers between the kaolinite layers, with typical basal spacings of ~11.3 Å. Rheological studies of aqueous dispersions of the modified kaolinites revealed an exponential increase of the yield value and apparent viscosity with increasing alkyl chain length of the grafted molecules.
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Basyoni, M. H., M. A. El Askary, N. A. Saad, and R. J. Taj. "Mineralogy of the Tertiary Clay Deposits in Makkah and Rabigh Quadrangles, West Central Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol7iss2pp259-277.
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The mineralogy of the Tertiary clay deposits in Makkah and Rabigh quadrangles was thoroughly investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses in addition to other techniques. Results show that the investigated samples are predominantly composed of montmorillonite (Ca++ and/or Mg++ rich variety) and kaolinite, associated with subordinate illite and minor chlorite. Mixed layer montmorillonite-illite is recorded only in two samples. The relative abundance of these minerals by X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the studied clay deposits are of three types. The first, which is the most common, is highly montmorillonitic, the second is made up of a mixture of montmorillonite followed by kaolinite and illite and the third is highly kaolinitic with some montmorillonite. Generally, kaolinite shows a southward increase in Makkah quadrangle while chlorite, as a minor component, shows a northward increase in Rabigh quadrangle.
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Lieberknecht, Gabriela, Patrícia Helena Lara dos Santos Matai, and Laurindo de Salles Leal Filho. "Bibliometric analysis on kaolinite flotation." REM - International Engineering Journal 70, no. 4 (December 2017): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672016700119.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Kaolinite – Analysis"
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Maxwell, Adam Richard. "Experiments on erosion and fluidization strength of kaolinite clay." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2004/A%5FMaxwell%5F100904.pdf.
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Paroz, Gina Nicole. "The effect of order on the intercalation and dehydroxylation of kaolinite." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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Mbey, Jean Aimé. "Films composites amidon de manioc-kaolinite : influence de la dispersion de l'argile et des interactions argile-amidon sur les propriétés des films." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0006/document.
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Cette étude porte sur des films composites à base d'amidon de manioc plastifié au glycérol et d'une argile kaolinique, comme charge minérale. L'origine et les mécanismes des interactions argile-amidon et leur rôle sur les propriétés des films ont été examinés. Pour vaincre le caractère non-expansible de la kaolinite, l'analyse du mécanisme de son exfoliation a été effectuée par insertion du diméthylsulfoxyde suivi d'un échange en milieux acétate d'éthyle et acétate d'ammonium. Une forte déstructuration de l'édifice cristallin de la kaolinite suite à l'échange est observée. La réassociation des feuillets après échange est désordonnée et permet d'escompter une meilleure dispersion de la kaolinite intercalée au sein d'un polymère. Ceci est confirmé par les analyses comparées de microscopies et de diffraction des rayons X sur des films incorporant diverses doses d'argile brute ou intercalée. L'abaissement de la température de transition vitreuse et du module élastique, ainsi que l'accroissement des effets de barrières à la décomposition thermique, à la diffusion de vapeur d'eau et à la transmission des UV visibles confirme la dispersion meilleure de la kaolinite intercalée. L'orientation des chaînes d'amidon et la diffusion du plastifiant transporté à l'interface par l'argile sont les mécanismes qui justifient l'effet plastifiant apporté par l'argile. L'interférence des interactions amidon-argile sur les interactions chaîne-chaîne au sein de l'amidon participe à la plasticité des films en diminuant la cristallinité. Les interactions amidon-argile se sont avérées faibles du fait des répulsions électrostatiques associées à des interactions associatives de type pont hydrogèneIn this study, composites films made from glycerol plasticized cassava starch and a kaolinite clay, as mineral filler, were studied. The origin and mechanisms of clay-starch interactions and their role on films properties are examined. To deal with the unexpandable nature of kaolinite, an analysis of its exfoliation mechanism was done through dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) intercalation followed by DMSO displacement using ethyl acetate and ammonium acetate. The crystalline structure of kaolinite is deeply disordered upon DMSO displacement because of a random reassociation of the clay layers. A better dispersion of the intercalated kaolinite within a polymer matrix is then expected. This expectation was confirmed by the comparison of microscopes and X-ray diffraction analyses on films charged with various dosages of raw or DMSO intercalated kaolinite. The lowering of the glass transition temperature and the elastic modulus together with the increase of barrier effects to thermal decomposition, water vapour diffusion and visible UV transmission, confirmed that the intercalated kaolinite is better dispersed. The starch chain orientation coupled to increase starch/glycerol miscibility due to the transportation of glycerol at the interface by clay particles are the two mechanisms that better explained plasticization effect induced by the filler. The interference of starch-kaolinite interactions on starch chain-chain interactions caused a decrease of starch matrix cristallinity that contribute to increase plasticization. The starch-kaolinite interactions are found to be weak due electrostatic repulsion associated to some weak associative forces due to hydrogen bonds
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Sayed, Hassan Malak. "Etude des hétérogénéités morphologiques et énergétiques superficielles des kaolinites par AFM et adsorption de gaz." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011750.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de recherche des propriétés superficielles des solides divisés. Nous avons étudiés les hétérogénéités morphologiques et énergétiques superficielles des kaolinites en couplant deux approches l'adsorption d'argon basse pression et la microscopie à force atomique pour l'analyse 3D des particules. Les solides utilisés sont des phyllosilicates 1:1 : deux kaolinites de référence de la Clay Mineral Society Kga1 et Kga2, une kaolinite industrielle (High Gloss), une kaolinite de Decazeville. Après purification, les échantillons ont été échangés avec des cations monovalents Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+. La modélisation des isothermes dérivées par la méthode DIS montrent que la nature des cations influencent les phénomènes d'adsorption sur les faces basales et latérales. Sur les faces basales, des cations sont présents en très faible quantité, soit fortement associé à la surface (substitutions héterovalentes), soit physisorbés sur la surface sous forme d'espèces neutres. Sur les faces latérales, les cations échangeables sont associés aux surfaces en provoquant des points de nanorugosité. Le film d'argon adsorbé est hétérogène ou les particules d'argon s'organisent autours des microreliefs générés par les cations. De ce fait, l'estimation de la lamellarité de la kaolinite par adsorption d'argon doit être effectué en présence des cations monovalents de petite taille (Li+, Na+). Cette étude a montré que la microscopie à force atomique est une bonne méthode pour la détermination des propriétés morphologiques des minéraux dans le cas des échantillons homogènes et par analyse d'un grand nombre des particules.
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Delineau, Thierry. "Les argiles kaoliniques du bassin des Charentes (France) : analyses typologique, cristallo-chimique, spéciation du fer et applications." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL073N.
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Le but de ce travail était l'étude des propriétés physico-chimiques des argiles kaoliniques exploitées dans les Charentes en vue de, définir une nouvelle typologie de ces argiles, améliorer la connaissance des statuts du fer, identifier et comprendre les relations qui lient les propriétés intrinsèques de ces kaolinites et leur comportement macroscopique au cours des processus de valorisation industrielle. L'étude de la variabilité des substances en place (étude géologique sur 9 carrières choisies et réalisation de plus de 100 prélèvements), associée à une caractérisation physico-chimique complète, a permis de mettre à jour une typologie selon quatre types principaux, et d'identifier principalement par analyse statistique, les relations entre paramètres d'emploi et propriétés physico-chimiques. Les résultats concernant la spéciation du fer, conduisent à une meilleure compréhension de la genèse de ces argiles. La spectrométrie RPE a montré que les concentrations des différents statuts de Fe3+ contemporains de la formation de la kaolinite sont corrélées entre elles et sont toutes déductibles de la teneur totale en fer fortement lié à l'argile. Ces diverses relations montrent qu’à l'échelle des bassins sédimentaires anciens, il existe un partage du fer dans ses différents sites d'accueil, lié à l'existence de phénomènes de dissolution recristallisation diagénétiques. L’étude comparée des spectres IR haute résolution et des résultats de RPE a confirmé de façon directe l'attribution des bandes fondamentales d'absorption situées dans le moyen IR, liées à la présence de Fe3+ en substitution partielle de AI dans la kaolinite, et permet de mettre en évidence pour la première fois, des bandes d'absorption dans le proche IR, liées également à cette substitution. À partir de calibrations réalisées avec différentes phases de référence (oxy-hydroxydes de fer, phyllosilicates), la spectrométrie UV visible en réflectance diffuse a permis de déterminer les différentes phases pigmentaires naturellement présentes, en quantités très faibles, dans les kaolins industriels.
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Rinckenbach, Thierry. "Diagenese minerale des sediments petroliferes du delta fossile de la mahakam (indonesie) : evolution mineralogique et isotopique des composants argileux et histoire thermique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13117.
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On etudie la diagenese des sediments deltaiques deposes sur plus de 4000m d'epaisseur du miocene inferieur a l'holocene a l'emplacement du delta actuel de la mahakam. On aborde les phenomenes de cimentation, de dissolution avec formation de porosite secondaire et de neoformations de kaolinite et illite a l'aide de la diffraction rx, de la microscopie electronique a balayage et a transmission, de la geochimie isotopique. On analyse les mecanismes d'illitisation ainsi que la formation de l'interstratifie illit nonesmectite en fonction de l'evolution thermique de la region
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Chaumande, Bertrand. "Apport des analyses protéomique et métalloprotéomique pour l’étude de la géophagie." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/CHAUMANDE_Bertrand_2011.pdf.
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Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit s’inscrivent dans un projet pluridisciplinaire portant sur l’étude de la géophagie. Parallèlement à des approches de physiologie et de morphologie intestinale, cette thèse a porté d’une part, sur l’identification de protéines de la muqueuse intestinale dont l’expression est modifiée par l’ingestion d’une argile, la kaolinite, et d’autre part, sur l’identification de protéines liant l’aluminium, élément présent en grande quantité dans cette argile. Des analyses protéomiques différentielles par électrophorèse bidimensionnelle, réalisées sur des échantillons de muqueuse intestinale de rat ayant reçu un apport en kaolinite au cours de différents régimes alimentaires, ont révélé une modification de l’expression de protéines du cytosquelette et de protéines participant au métabolisme des lipides. Parmi celles-ci, nous avons mis en évidence une augmentation de l’expression de l’apolipoprotéine A-IV, protéine impliquée dans le transport des triglycérides et jouant un rôle de facteur de satiété. L’étude des protéines liant l’aluminium a nécessité un développement méthodologique basé sur l’utilisation de l’électrophorèse en conditions natives pour la séparation des protéines, et l’utilisation de la spectrométrie de masse ICPMS pour la détection de l’aluminium et la localisation de métalloprotéines. Après une validation progressive de l’ensemble de la procédure à l’aide de plusieurs métalloprotéines modèles, la stratégie analytique a été appliquée à des échantillons de muqueuse intestinale dans lesquels des protéines pouvant lier l’aluminium ont été identifiéesThe aim of this study was to investigate geophagia through a pluridisciplinar approach. Besides physiological and morphological studies, our work consisted (i) on the identification of intestinal mucosa proteins whose expression is modified by kaolinite ingestion, and (ii) on the identification of proteins bound to aluminium, a major element of this clay. Differential proteomic analyses have been carried out using two-dimensional electrophoresis, on intestinal mucosa samples from kaolinite complemented rats after various diets. These analyses revealed a modification of expression of cytoskeletal proteins or involved in lipid metabolism. In particular, the expression apolipoprotein A-IV involved in triglycerides transport and satiety was increased in kaolinite complemented rats. The study of aluminium-binding proteins has required a methodological development based on native electrophoreses for protein separation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for aluminium detection and metalloproteins localisation. The whole procedure was validated using various model metalloproteins and the analytical strategy was then applied to intestinal mucosa samples. Potential aluminium-binding proteins were thus identified
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Paz, Simone Patricia Aranha da. "Desenvolvimento e otimização de métodos de controle de qualidade e de processo de beneficiamento para bauxitas gibbsíticas tipo-Paragominas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-22092016-100712/.
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Desde a prospecção do minério bauxita, passando pelo seu beneficiamento até a sua entrada no processo Bayer, tem-se como principais índices de qualidade e de processo os parâmetros químicos: alumina aproveitável (Al2O3Ap) e sílica reativa (SiO2Re), determinados segundo um procedimento que simula a digestão Bayer em escala de laboratório. Uma grande inovação para a indústria da bauxita seria fazer o controle por parâmetros mineralógicos, % gibbsita e % caulinita, via difratometria de raios X, intenção buscada nesse trabalho pela proposta de um método combinado Rietveld-Le Bail-Padrão Interno, cujos resultados são bem promissores para bauxitas gibbsíticas tipo-Paragominas, matriz para qual foi desenvolvido. Tal combinação não só melhorou a qualidade da quantificação de gibbsita e caulinita, como diminuiu o peso de cálculo tornando o procedimento mais prático e rápido. A alta correlação (r2=0,99) entre os resultados mineralógicos pelo método combinado e os resultados químicos pelo método tradicional, os deixam em igual escolha, pois foram iguais estatisticamente. No entanto, ressalta-se que o método tradicional subestima o valor de caulinita pela conversão da SiO2Re, enquanto o método combinado se aproxima mais do valor verdadeiro. Obter um resultado pelo método combinado mostrou ser mais prático e rápido que pelo método tradicional. Enquanto o tempo total estimado pelo combinado é < 3 h, pelo tradicional é de no mínimo 6 h. Como proposta de validação do método combinado, um segundo foi desenvolvido para quantificação de Al-goethita por DSC, o qual mostrou boa precisão. E muito embora o uso da técnica no controle industrial seja pouco provável por questões de praticidade e tempo de análise, usá-la na validação de antigos e novos métodos de quantificação mineralógica de bauxitas pode ser muito útil. A ordem crescente de substituição de Fe por Al pretendida pelas sínteses planejadas (7 variedades) foi confirmada pelos resultados de DRX, FRX, DSC e MEV, e assim um pequeno banco de dados de entalpias padrão de desidroxilação de Al-goethitas foi estabelecido. A produção de padrões complexos, misturas de variedades goethíticas, é tão importante quanto produzir uma só goethita, pois tais misturas são termodinamicamente comuns na natureza e, portanto, comuns em bauxitas. Após uma identificação clara da limitação do método tradicional para estimar caulinita pela conversão de SiO2Re em bauxitas tipo-Paragominas, um estudo de otimização do método Alcan foi realizado com base em um planejamento fatorial completo 23. As variáveis escolhidas foram temperatura, concentração cáustica e tempo para duas situações: bauxita com baixa SiO2Re e bauxita com alta SiO2Re. A temperatura foi a variável mais importante, apresentando um efeito positivo sobre a quantidade de SiO2Re, uma vez que o aumento na temperatura aumentou a taxa de conversão completa de caulinita em sodalita. Modelos empíricos de 1ª ordem foram apropriadamente obtidos para predição da quantidade de SiO2Re como função da temperatura, concentração cáustica e tempo, os quais responderam com as seguintes condições ótimas: (1) sem presença significante de quartzo - temperatura de 180 °C, concentração cáustica de 10 % com tempo de 60 min para baixa SiO2Re e 25 min para alta SiO2Re, e (2) com presença significante de quartzo - temperatura de 150 °C, concentração cáustica de 20 % e tempo de 60 min, para ambas as situações estudadas.In the bauxite industry - exploration, beneficiation and refinery - two main chemical parameters are used for the quality control: available alumina (AvAl2O3) and reactive silica (RxSiO2). They are determined by a procedure that simulates the Bayer process in laboratory scale. A great innovation for this industry would be to make this control by mineralogical parameters, i.e., the % of gibbsite and % of kaolinite via Powder X-ray Diffraction Analysis. This is one of the main purposes of this work by means of a combined Rietveld-Le Bail-Internal Standard Method, whose results were very promising for the Paragominas-type bauxites. This combination not only improved the quality of gibbsite and kaolinite quantification, as decreased computer processing time, making it a more convenient and fast procedure. The high correlation (r2=0.99) between the mineralogical results from the combined method and chemical results by the traditional method, leave them the same choice, as they were statistically equal. However, it is noteworthy that the traditional method underestimates the kaolinite value obtained from the conversion of RxSiO2, while the combined method is closer to the true value. Obtaining a result by the combined method proved to be more convenient and faster (< 3 hours) than the traditional method (at least 6 hours). As a validation for the proposed combined method, a second method was developed to quantify Al-goethite by DSC, which showed good accuracy. Although the use of DSC technique in industrial control is unlikely for practical reasons and analysis time, its use can be very helpful in the validation of old and new methods for the mineralogical quantification of bauxites. XRD, XRF, DSC and SEM results confirmed the increasing order of Al for Fe replacement intended for the planned synthesis (7 types). Thus, a small database of standard enthalpies of Al-goethites dehydroxylation was built. The production of standards of goethites mixtures is as important as producing a single goethite standard, because these are thermodynamically common in nature and thus bauxites with complex mixtures of goethites are also common. After clearly identifying the limitations of the traditional method to estimate kaolinite from the conversion of RxSiO2 in the Paragominas-type bauxites, an optimization study of the Alcan method was carried out based on a 23 full factorial design. The chosen variables were temperature, caustic concentration and time, for two main situations: bauxite with low RxSiO2 and bauxite with high RxSiO2. The temperature was the most important variable, with a positive effect on the amount of RxSiO2, since the increase in temperature increased the rate of full kaolinite to sodalite conversion. First-order empirical models were properly obtained to predict the amount of RxSiO2 as a function of temperature, caustic concentration and time, which responded to the following optimal conditions: (1) without significant amount of quartz - 180 °C, NaOH 10 % and 60 min for low RxSiO2 and 25 min for high SiO2Re, and (2) with significant amount of quartz - 150 °C, NaOH 20 % and 60 min for both situations.
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"The analysis of clay materials for use in a ceramic studio." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8844.
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M.Tech. (Industrial Design)The research project entitled: The Analysis of Clay Materials for use in a Ceramic Studio was undertaken in order to give a quantitative base to the understanding of clay materials and their role in clay bodies. The project consists of analysing the clay materials as they are supplied, using technically sophisticated equipment. A set of data for each of the nine chosen clays was assembled and then correlated for easier comparison. The clay materials were then mixed into clay bodies using a set proportion in order that a comparison of the nine clay bodies could be made and related to the data assembled for the clay materials. The data collected, as well as the ceramic calculations used in the research project were entered into the "Insight" Ceramic software programme for use in the studio. This data base will be the foundation for ongoing research into ceramic materials.
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Reich, Tatiana [Verfasser]. "New regularization method for EXAFS analysis : application to uranium and plutonium sorption onto kaolinite / Tatiana Reich." 2008. http://d-nb.info/992598893/34.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Kaolinite – Analysis"
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Arunkumar, D. T., Ashutosh Pattanaik, and K. G. Basavakumar. "Investigation on Wear Behaviour and Microstructure Analysis of Al-7075 Alloy Reinforced with Mica and Kaolinite." In Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 6, 111–17. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aaer/v6/8076d.
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A. Akinyemi, Segun, Olajide F. Adebayo, Henry Y. Madukwe, Adeyinka O. Aturamu, and Olusola A. OlaOlorun. "Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Shales of Mamu Formation in Nigeria: Effects of Deposition, Source Rock, and Tectonic Background." In Geochemistry and Mineral Resources. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102454.
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Study of lithofacies identification, geochemical characterization of shales is vital to the provenance, paleoweathering, and tectonic setting reconstruction. The combination of morphological analysis, bulk chemical analysis and in-situ multi-element analysis was used to investigate the provenance, source area weathering, and depositional setting of outcropped Maastrichtian shale sequence of the Mamu Formation, Anambra Basin in Nigeria. Ten representative shale samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Geochemical analysis was performed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation-Induced Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) techniques. The structural and morphological development of kaolinite in the outcropped shale samples of Mamu Formation is due to mechanical disintegration during transportation and re-deposition. Major oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 constitute greater than 86% of the bulk composition. The weathering indices suggest highly weathered source materials. The plot of Cr versus Ni indicated the studied samples are Late Archean shale. Binary plots of trace elements suggest derivation from acidic or felsic sources rather than intermediate or basic source rocks. Ternary plot of Na2O + K2O, SiO2/10 and CaO + MgO indicated multiple sources such as felsic igneous rocks or recycled residues of quartz-rich. Tectonic discrimination diagram depict a typical Passive Margin field.
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Jain, Ronak. "Feature-Oriented Principal Component Selection (FPCS) for Delineation of the Geological Units Using the Integration of SWIR and TIR ASTER Data." In Remote Sensing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99046.
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Geological studies have been performed using the Band Ratios (BR), Relative Band Depth (RBD), Mineral Indices (MI), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), lithological and mineral classification techniques from Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) and Thermal Infrared (TIR) data. The chapter aims to delineate various geological units present in the area using the combination of SWIR and TIR ASTER bands through the Feature-Oriented Principal Component Selection (FPCS) technique. Different BRs and RBDs were applied to map the minerals having Al-OH and Mg-OH compounds with the chemical composition of clay (kaolinite, smectite), mica (sericite, muscovite, illite), ultramafic (lizardite, antigorite, chrysotile), talc, and carbonate (dolomite) from SWIR bands. The MI was used to map quartz-rich, mafic/ultramafic, and carbonate rocks using TIR bands. The BRs, RBDs, and MIs mapped the geological units but every single greyscale image showed a variety of features. To compile these features False Color Composite (FCC) was prepared by the combination of RBDs and MIs in the R:G:B channels which demarked various geological units to a larger extent present in the region. To overcome the limitation, the FPCS technique was applied with the integration of all BRs, RBDs, and MIs. The FPCS technique extracts valuable information from different input bands and shifts the information in the first few bands. The generated eigenvalues and eigenvectors represented the retrieved information in the specific band. The loadings of the eigenvector were used for the selection of the different brands to create the FCC for the delineation of geological strata. The best discrimination was made by the selection of FPCS1, FPCS3, and FPCS6 which differentiated all the geological units like ultramafics, dolomites, thin bands of talc, and muscovite and illite (as phyllite and mica-schist), silica-rich rocks (as quartzite), and granite outcrops.
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Frost, R. L., J. Kristof, Z. Ding, and Erzsébet Horvath. "Controlled rate thermal analysis of formamide intercalated kaolinites." In 2001. A Clay Odyssey, 523–30. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044450945-1/50156-1.
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Politova, N. V., T. N. Alekseeva, N. V. Kozina, M. D. Kravchishina, and O. M. Dara. "Grain-size and mineral composition of the upper layer of sediments of the Barents Sea." In THE BARENTS SEA SYSTEM, 398–415. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/978-5-6045110-0-8/(29).
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The paper presents data from grain size and mineralogical analyzes of surface bottom sediment samples obtained on several cruises of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh (2016–2018) from different parts of the Barents Sea. Pebble and gravel material is found in surface sediments in the form of impurities scattered throughout the sea. Such a chaotic distribution pattern is apparently associated with ice separation. Coarse material is most common in the Barents Sea off the coast of the Kola Peninsula, off the coast of Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen, where it accumulates due to coastal abrasion. In addition, a fraction >1 mm is widespread at depths where fine fractions are stirred and leached. The most common sediments in coastal shallow water are sands. Sands (0.1–1 mm) are widespread in the southern and southeastern regions of the sea, in the region of the Pechora polygon, the Kaninsky shallow water, the Kola Peninsula, and in the northwest, off the coast of Svalbard. With increasing depth, the sands are replaced by mixed sediments with a low admixture of pelite. Pelitic sediments are prevalent in the central part of the sea. Precipitation with a pelitic fraction (<0.01 mm) of more than 50% occupy about 70% of the Barents Sea. They are widespread in deep-sea hollows and trenches, as well as in the numerous fiords of the North Island of Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. Surface sediments have a predominantly terrigenous composition; only at the border with the Norwegian Sea the proportion of biogenic material increases. The mineral composition of sediments is dominated by quartz and feldspars, clay minerals are mainly represented by illite, smectite and kaolinite.
Conference papers on the topic "Kaolinite – Analysis"
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Ondro, Tomáš, and Anton Trník. "Non-isothermal kinetic analysis of processes occurring during thermal treatment of kaolinite." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4994508.
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Renna, Simona, Luigina Maria Flora Sabatino, Alberto Viareggio, Lucia Rossi, Marco Colombo, and Salvatore Parisi. "Kaolinite Effects on Injectivity Impairment: Field Evidence & Laboratory Results." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210432-ms.
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Abstract Clay interaction with fluids is a well-known phenomenon that depends on formation mineralogy. This paper focuses on the impact of kaolinite clay dispersion on well injectivity impairment. It is based on field evidence from 50+ injectors and it is supported by a huge set of laboratory tests. All analysed wells showed an initial injectivity lower than the theoretical potential, estimated on the base of reservoir quality and draw-down mobilities. This impairment occurs before connecting wells to the injection network, therefore injected water quality and network conditions do not take part in the damaging. Consequently, the impairment mechanism seems to be correlated to the interaction between formation and drilling fluids. A set of laboratory experiments was planned on cuttings collected in two recently drilled wells. Different intervals were selected in the reservoir sandstones, representative of the facies where injected water is most likely to flow. Samples were first mineralogically characterized by different laboratory techniques (FT-IR, XRD and CEC). Then, swelling and recovery tests were performed using different fluids: mud (field formulation), mud filtrate, and water (varying pH and salinity). Results were correlated with petrophysical analysis, mercury injection tests on cores, and major injectivity impairments observed on the analysed wells. Analysed samples showed the presence of kaolinite that may affect the formation permeability by filling porosity and pore throats (diagenetic effect). Moreover, in case of interaction with fluids, kaolinite can lead to an additional permeability reduction by disaggregation and dispersion phenomena. Laboratory tests showed a clear trend: the higher the kaolinite content in the selected intervals, the higher the observed disaggregation, especially when samples interact with mud filtrate and water. It was observed that mud formulation is effective, allowing to preserve disaggregation, but only below a threshold of kaolinite content. Field experience proved that the only effective remedial actions to restore the well injectivity potential are frac jobs, allowing to bypass the near wellbore damaged zone.
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Nugroho, Agus, Basyirun, Rizalam Mamat, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Dwi Widjanarko, and Ramelan. "Microstructure and Physical of Al2O3 2SiO4 2H2O Kaolinite Particle Analysis by Shacking Time and Powder Metallurgy." In The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and Application on Green Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009006200480053.
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Prandel, L. V., S. C. Saab, N. F. B. Giarola, and A. M. Brinatti. "ANALYSIS OF KAOLINITE ISOMORPHIC SUBSTITUTION AND MICRODEFORMATION IN HARDSETTING SOILS HORIZONS THROUGH X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND THE RIETVELD METHOD." In International Symposium on Crystallography. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/phypro-sic100-065.
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"Low Resistivity Reservoir Pay Evaluation, New Opportunity for Further Development, Case Study On Gumai Formation Of B Field, Jambi Sub Basin, South Sumatera Basin." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-se-128.
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The understanding of low resistivity reservoir zone is one of the most challenging cases for further development in order to optimize the remaining oil and gas field productions. In the Intra-Gumai Formation “B” Field where marine clastic reservoirs are deposited, a low resistivity reservoir is being developed as a new perforation and workover target. This study discusses how to identify the cause of low resistivity case and evaluate the proper petrophysical parameters to unlock the potential reservoir pay zones. The data set consists of petrographic, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), routine core, Drill Stem Test ((DST) and wireline logs data. Petrographic, XRD, CEC and routine analysis were performed to recognize the low resistivity causes characterized by the presence of framework grain (quartz, K-feldspar and glaucony, calcite and kaolinite) observed in intergranular pore and also quartz overgrowth developed prior to kaolinite precipitation. Petrophysical analysis defines the reservoir property parameters by comparing some equations also validated with routine core and DST result. Based on the quantitative analysis carried out, namely the evaluation of the distribution of shale volume, calculation of porosity, and determination of water saturation, it is recommended to use the Stieber method for the distribution of shale volume in the reservoir and its properties, the neutron density porosity method to calculate porosity model, and the Waxman Smits method to determine the final fluid saturation model. Finally, by using the hydrocarbon saturation results in the current study, this interval was improved as pay zone. This method will be applied to other wells and other structures that have a similar depositional environment to increase hydrocarbon reserves in the same field.
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Silvennoinen, Jaani, Juha Roppo, Riku-Ville Nurminen, Martti Aho, Pasi Vainikka, and Eduardo Ferrer. "Co-Combustion of Coal With RDF and Biomass: Prevention of Chlorine Deposition by Using Coal Ash Alkali Absorption Ability." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78120.
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The co-combustion of fossil fuels with CO2-neutral fuels is an attractive way both to decrease CO2 emissions in energy production and to use fuel synergies which decrease each other’s undesirable properties. This paper presents a new approach to understand and predict the chlorine deposition tendency in the co-combustion of coal with biomass and RDF. This novel approach combines the results from deposit analysis with flue gas emission measurement and advanced fuel characterization methods. The experiments were carried out in a 0.1 MW circulating fluidized bed reactor. Two different types of bituminous coal (South African and Polish) were co-fired with RDF, demolition wood and bark. The traditional way to predict risk for chlorine deposition, the fuel S/Cl molar ratio, and the safe limit molar ratio > 4 for biofuels were shown to be inadequate. The mineral kaolinite in coal ash was found to be able to capture alkalis and, in most cases, more effectively than sulphur compounds. The alkali capture capability of coal sulphur is quickly consumed due to reactions with calcium compounds. Furthermore, the ability of SO2 to sulfate alkali chlorides were found to be weaker than presented in the literature. Thus in many cases it is only kaolinite that keeps Cl away from the deposit. New index to predict chlorine deposition tendency were introduced: the reactive (Al+Si)/fuel Cl molar ratio. The results showed a good correlation between the chlorine concentration in the deposit and the new index. The reactive (Al+Si)/fuel Cl molar ratio higher than 8–10 was found to prevent chlorine to deposit. The new approach for better understanding and preventing of chlorine deposition promotes the co-combustion of coal with biomass and RDF by introducing new synergy benefits.
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Aluvihara, Suresh, C. S. Kalpage, P. W. S. K. Bandaranayake, W. M. A. T. Bandara, and Ciprian Chelaru. "Investigations and Analysis of Earth Materials towards the Developments in Some Advanced Chemical and Catalytic Uses." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.i.3.
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Earth materials are some sort of valuable resources with some multiples uses in some of industrial purposes and they are obtaining some economical values based upon the demand and the abundance. According to the most of research and experiments that relevant with the characteristics of solid earth materials, mainly there were obtained and disclosed some various outstanding physic-chemical characteristics of a large number of earth materials including the applications of material processing, nano-materials, composite materials and hard materials. In the existing research there were expected to characterize some selected clay varieties, a dolomite variety and a feldspar variety which are available in Sri Lanka towards the developments especially in some advanced chemical and catalytic applications. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopic analysis and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis were done for all of selected materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done for three different selected clays and the Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis was done for three different clay types and for a dolomite variety. According to the obtained results for the research, there were found the presence of at least 75% of Fe as the major element in each of clay with some other trace metallic elements such as K, Ti, Ca, Ba and Zr in such clays, kaolinite, montmorillonite and some of Fe minerals namely as muscovite and glauconite in such clays with quartz as a non-clayey mineral. There were found some higher amount of calcite in the selected dolomite with a trace amount of K and also there were found some higher K and Ca amounts presence in the selected feldspar rocks. When comparing the obtained results with past research out comes and modifications of materials, it seems that these materials will be much useful in the industrial applications such as the catalytic activities, waste water treatment applications in the removal of heavy metals due to the adsorption capacity, ion exchanging materials to remove unnecessary ions from waste water and in the removal of hardness from waste water due to the adsorption capacity of dolomite.
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Nasrallah, Mena, Mahmoud Nour, and Sharath Savari. "Customized High-Performance Water-Based Mud Delivers Superior Results while Driving Down Cost by Successfully Drilling through the Most Troublesome Shale Formations in the United Arab Emirates." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22029-ms.
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Abstract In the UAE, drilling intermediate sections that contain highly dispersive clays with water-based muds almost always leads to mechanical instabilities in the form of pack-offs and tight spots due to highly laminated shale formations containing a high percentage of kaolinite. Operators have struggled with designing proper fluid systems to successfully drill these sections and have resorted to invert emulsion fluids (IEF) in certain fields, but that is not always an option. This paper presents the development and application of a high-performance water-based mud (HPWBM) that provided the required wellbore stability to drill these challenging shale sections through sealing natural and induced microfractures, and thereby reduced operational cost. Based on extensive testing, technical experts customized the HPWBM system to drill the troublesome sections both in vertical and inclined wells. Multiple stages of testing were completed to understand the shale, including X-ray diffraction analysis, which revealed that mixed layers were present with a high-kaolinite content. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was low, indicating that the clays were not reactive. The optimized HPWBM formulation included two powerful components for shale stabilization and a third key component to minimize fluid loss into the formation. The customized formulation underwent a complete suite of shale testing, including capillary suction testing, linear swell meter, shale erosion, shale accretion, as well as lubricity testing and stress testing. Proper planning and execution, using best-available drilling practices, enabled the drilling of these challenging wells without encountering any significant issues that could impact rig time and increase costs. The selection of a customized HPWBM to provide shale stability performance and low-fluid invasion was fundamental to achieving the required fluid properties. Using this HPWBM system in these formations helped the operators achieve an average rate of penetration (ROP) of 43.7 fph – which was 62% higher than in the offset well and reach 40° inclination on different wells. There was also a reduction in the total volume used to drill the sections due to lower dilution rates compared to conventional systems. As a result of the lower fluid consumption, the total fluid costs were significantly reduced compared to offset wells. The casing strings were run to planned depth with no recorded issues on the first two wells, and savings of 11 days were achieved when compared to the offset wells in the same field. The customized HPWBM system with superior performance was able to achieve high levels of shale stability and inhibition without which this milestone would not have been possible. It made the possibility to drill these formations with an environmentally friendly, lower cost alternative to IEF a reality, which maximized the clients’ returns by reducing the overall cost of ownership.
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Craddock, Paul, Prakhar Srivastava, Harish Datir, David Rose, Tong Zhou, Laurent Mosse, and Lalitha Venkataramanan. "ENHANCED MINERAL QUANTIFICATION AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS FROM DOWNHOLE SPECTROSCOPY LOGS USING VARIATIONAL AUTOENCODERS." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0069.
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This paper describes an innovative machine learning application, based on variational autoencoder frameworks, to quantify the concentrations and associated uncertainties of common minerals in sedimentary formations using the measurement of atomic element concentrations from geochemical spectroscopy logs as inputs. The algorithm comprises an input(s), encoder, decoder, output(s), and a novel cost function to optimize the model coefficients during training. The input to the algorithm is a set of dry-weight concentrations of atomic elements with their associated uncertainty. The first output is a set of dry-weight fractions of fourteen minerals, and the second output is a set of reconstructed dry-weight concentrations of the original elements. Both sets of outputs include estimates of uncertainty on their predictions. The encoder and decoder are multilayer feed-forward artificial neural networks (ANN), with their coefficients (weights) optimized during calibration (training). The cost function simultaneously minimizes error (the accuracy metric) and variance (the precision or robustness metric) on the mineral and reconstructed elemental outputs. Training of the weights is done using a set of several-thousand core samples with independent, high-fidelity elemental and mineral (quartz, potassium-feldspar, plagioclase-feldspar, illite, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, mica, calcite, dolomite, ankerite, siderite, pyrite, and anhydrite) data. The algorithm provides notable advantages over existing methods to estimate formation lithology or mineralogy relying on simple linear, empirical, or nearest-neighbor functions. The ANN numerically capture the multi-dimensional and nonlinear geochemical relationship (mapping) between elements and minerals that is insufficiently described by prior methods. Training is iterative via backpropagation and samples from Gaussian distributions on each of the elemental inputs, rather than single values, for every sample at each iteration (epoch). These Gaussian distributions are chosen to specifically represent the unique statistical uncertainty of the dry-weight elements in the logging measurements. Sampling from Gaussian distributions during training reduces the potential for overfitting, provides robustness for log interpretations, and further enables a calibrated estimate of uncertainty on the mineral and reconstructed elemental outputs, all of which are lacking in prior methods. The framework of the algorithm is purposefully generalizable that it can be adapted across geochemical spectroscopy tools. The algorithm reasonably approximates a ‘global-average’ model that requires neither different calibrations nor expert parameterization or intervention for interpreting common oilfield sedimentary formations, although the framework is again purposefully generalizable so it can be optimized for local environments where desirable. The paper showcases field application of the method for estimating mineral type and abundance in oilfield formations from wellbore logging measurements.
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Gamal, Hany, Salaheldin Elkatatny, Saad Al-Afnan, and Mohamed Bahgat. "Toward Developing Non-Corrosive Acid System for Complex Scales Removal." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21400-ms.
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Abstract Oil and gas industry deals with fluid streams with different ions and concentrations that might cause scale precipitation. The scale precipitation, will thereafter, affect the fluid flow characteristics. Many problems will be raised by the scale deposition that affects the overall petroleum production. This paper aims to develop a non-corrosive acid system with high dissolution efficiency for field complex scales. The paper provided a series of lab analysis that covers the compositional analysis for the collected scale sample, and evaluating the developed acid system for compatible and stable properties, dissolution efficiency, and the corrosive impact. A field scale sample that has a composite chemical composition of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, kaolinite, barium sulfate, magnetite, and halite with different weight percentages by employing the diffraction of X-ray technology. Developing the new scale dissolver was achieved by specific compositional study for the organic acids to achieve high dissolution efficiency and low corrosive impact for the field treatment operations. The study results showed the successful scale removal for the developed dissolver at 160 and 210 °F by dissolution efficiency 100 % for 5 hours. The fluid showed a stable and compatible performance with low rate of solids precipitation after the scale treatment (2.3 %). The developed dissolver has a pH of 9. The corrosion test was conducted without any scale inhibitors and the results showed the low corrosion effect by 0.0129 lbm/ft2. The obtained successful results will help to dissolve such complex field scales, maintain the well equipment, and maintain the petroleum production from scale issues.
Reports on the topic "Kaolinite – Analysis"
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Caritat, P. de, and U. Troitzsch. Towards a regolith mineralogy map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study in the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian region. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2021.035.
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Bulk quantitative mineralogy of regolith is a useful indicator of lithological precursor (protolith), degree of weathering, and soil properties affecting various potential landuse decisions. To date, no national-scale maps of regolith mineralogy are available in Australia. Catchment outlet sediments collected over 80% of the continent as part of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) afford a unique opportunity to rapidly and cost-effectively determine regolith mineralogy using the archived sample material. This report releases mineralogical data and metadata obtained as part of a feasibility study in a selected pilot area for such a national regolith mineralogy database and atlas. The area chosen for this study is within the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian (DCD) region of southeastern Australia. The DCD region was selected as a ‘deep-dive’ data acquisition and analysis by the Exploration for the Future (2020-2024) federal government initiative managed at Geoscience Australia. One hundred NGSA sites from the DCD region were prepared for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, which consisted of qualitative mineral identification of the bulk samples (i.e., ‘major’ minerals), qualitative clay mineral identification of the <2 µm grain-size fraction, and quantitative analysis of both ‘major’ and clay minerals of the bulk sample. The identified mineral phases were quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, hematite, goethite, rutile, zeolite, amphibole, talc, kaolinite, illite (including muscovite and biotite), palygorskite (including interstratified illite-smectite and vermiculite), smectite (including interstratified illite-smectite), vermiculite, and chlorite. Poorly diffracting material (PDM) was also quantified and reported as ‘amorphous’. Mineral identification relied on the EVA® software, whilst quantification was performed using Siroquant®. Resulting mineral abundances are reported with a Chi-squared goodness-of-fit between the actual diffractogram and a modelled diffractogram for each sample, as well as an estimated standard error (esd) measurement of uncertainty for each mineral phase quantified. Sensitivity down to 0.1 wt% (weight percent) was achieved, with any mineral detection below that threshold reported as ‘trace’. Although detailed interpretation of the mineralogical data is outside the remit of the present data release, preliminary observations of mineral abundance patterns suggest a strong link to geology, including proximity to fresh bedrock, weathering during sediment transport, and robust relationships between mineralogy and geochemistry. The mineralogical data generated by this study are presented in Appendix A of this report and are downloadable as a .csv file. Mineral abundance or presence/absence maps are shown in Appendices B and C to document regional mineralogical patterns.