Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kao cha'
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Yuan, Zushe. "Quan li yu zi you shi min she hui de ren xue kao cha /." Beijing : Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2003. http://books.google.com/books?id=oiY1AAAAMAAJ.
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Deng, Leping. "Zhongguo de huo bi xu qiu li lun yu shi zheng de kao cha /." Beijing : Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she, 1990.
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Chung, Ching-hong. "On the dating of Shangshu Kongzhuan : a linguistic perspective = Shang Shu Kong Zhuan shi dai xin kao : cong yu yan jiao du de kao cha /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?
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Poon, Hon-fong. "Dating the extant version of Kongcongzi a linguistic exploration = Jin ben Kong cong zi cheng shu nian dai xin kao : cong yu yan jiao du de kao cha /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40987905.
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Siu, King-wai. "Dating the extant version of the Kongzi Jiayu a linguistic and textual exploration = Jin ben"Kongzi jia yu" cheng shu nian dai xin kao: cong yu yan ji wen xian jiao du kao cha /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628636.
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Li, Jiaju. "Shanghai shang wu yin shu guan yu jin dai zhi shi wen hua de chuan bo he su zao (1897 zhi 1949) cong shu ji chu ban shi jiao du kao cha /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2001. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3066579.
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Fu, Caiwu. "Jin dai hua jin cheng zhong de Hankou wen hua yu le ye, 1861-1949 yi han kou wei zhu ti de Zhongguo yu le ye jin dai hua dao lu de li shi kao cha /." Wuhan Shi : Hubei jiao yu chu ban she, 2005.
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Leung, Wai-ming. "The differences between the intended curriculum and implemented curriculum a subject-based case study on the C.E.E. Chinese language in Hong Kong : Jian yi ke cheng yu shi shi ke cheng de cha yi : Xianggang zhong xue hui kao Zhongguo yu wen ke ge an yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31961782.
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Lee, Wing-hoo Patrick, and 李永豪. "Health Resort in Kau Sai Chau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3198468X.
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Lee, Wing-hoo Patrick. "Health Resort in Kau Sai Chau." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948271.
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Xie, Kun. "The Form of No-Form: Reconstructing Huineng in Two Paintings by Liang Kai." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22694.
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The authenticity and interpretation of two Sixth Patriarch paintings, traditionally attributed to Liang Kai, have long been debated by critical scholars. Because of the lack of inscriptions on the paintings to indicate the identity of the depicted figure, the association of him with the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism, Huineng, has shed much enigmatic light onto the decipherment of these two paintings’ motifs. While historical and literal traditions of Huineng in Zen Buddhism provide no conspicuous references, Zen’s art tradition, on the other hand, provides a more fascinating reading of the Sixth Patriarch paintings by formulating and reconstructing a paradigmatic figure of Huineng and Zen romanticism without restricting itself to historical and literal accuracy.
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Sousa, Mariana Silva. "Up-converting phosphor - lateral flow caa, kato-katz and poc-cca: a comparative analysis in Schistosoma mansoni infection diagnosis in a low endemic area." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13457.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoA esquistossomose acomete pelo menos 230 milhÃes de pessoas e està associada com pelo menos 200.000 mortes anualmente no mundo. A detecÃÃo dos antÃgenos circulantes de Schistosoma està se tornando uma ferramenta promissora para o diagnÃstico de infecÃÃes ativas. Os nÃveis sÃricos desses antÃgenos estÃo relacionados com a carga parasitÃria e a intensidade de infecÃÃo e diminuem rapidamente apÃs o tratamento medicamentoso, demonstrando ser uma abordagem Ãtil tambÃm na avaliaÃÃo da resposta terapÃutica. Foi avaliada a prevalÃncia da infecÃÃo ativa pelo S. mansoni atravÃs do ensaio Up- Converting Phosphor Lateral Flow (UCP-LF) para determinaÃÃo do AntÃgeno AnÃdico Circulante (CAA) na urina e comparada com a da tÃcnica de Kato-Katz para a detecÃÃo de ovos nas fezes e com a do teste Point-of-Care â CCA (POC-CCA), que detecta o AntÃgeno CatÃdico Circulante (CCA) na urina. AlÃm disso, a resposta terapÃutica foi avaliada pelos mÃtodos que detectam os antÃgenos circulantes seis semanas apÃs o tratamento. O estudo foi realizado na localidade de Bananeiras, Capistrano, uma Ãrea endÃmica no Estado do CearÃ. De 297 habitantes da localidade, 285 aceitaram participar do estudo, dos quais 159 receberam o tratamento. Destes, 128 entregaram as amostras de urina e fezes requisitadas antes e apÃs o tratamento e foram avaliados pelos trÃs mÃtodos. O ensaio UCP-LF CAA detectou 44 positivos (34,4%). A tÃcnica de Kato-Katz revelou apenas duas amostras de fezes positivas (1,6%) e o POC-CCA detectou 8 positivos (6,2%). As sensibilidades dos diferentes ensaios foram determinadas contra um padrÃo ("ouro") de positividade de infecÃÃo combinado, mostrando-se maior para o ensaio UCP-LF CAA (92%), seguido pelo POC-CCA (17%), enquanto o Kato-Katz (trÃs lÃminas) teve uma sensibilidade muito baixa (4%). A maior taxa de prevalÃncia de infecÃÃes ativas encontrada foi em pessoas com idades de 30 a 39 anos. As concentraÃÃes de CAA antes do tratamento variaram de 0,16 a 61,12 pg CAA / ml de urina, havendo um decrÃscimo significativo dos nÃveis de CAA apÃs seis semanas do tratamento (Wilcoxon, P = 0,003). Dessa maneira, tendo em conta essas observaÃÃes promissoras, o UCP-LF CAA mostrou um valor potencial para a determinaÃÃo da prevalÃncia de esquistossomose mansoni em Ãreas de baixa endemicidade; contudo, outros estudos mais amplos sÃo necessÃrios.
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Chan, Kah Yoong [Verfasser]. "Realization and characterization of microcrystalline silicon thin-film transistors / Kah Yoong Chan." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1034984624/34.
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Chan, Kai-Hsin [Verfasser]. "Mechanism of Ribosome Rescue by Alternative Release Factor B / Kai-Hsin Chan." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1236401484/34.
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Chan, Hing. "The use of trash fish wastewater and inorganic fertilizers in larval fish food chains : the ecological consequences and the potential applications in aquaculture /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14763904.
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Lam, Hoi-yeung Ironside, and 林海揚. "Marine microalgal dynamics at Crooked and Lamma Islands, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895323.
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Fahlén, Karin. "Dirigering : en undersökning om hur Tai Chi och imitationer av andra dirigenter kan utveckla kroppsmedvetenhet och gestik." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75237.
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Innan genomförandet av detta arbete hade jag svårt att kontrollera långsamma gester när jag dirigerade. Mina gester liknade mina lärares och jag hade inte verktygen för att komma på egna. Syftet med detta arbete var att utveckla min kroppsmedvetenhet och gestik genom träning av Tai Chi och imitation av tre dirigenter. Tai Chi-träningen bestod av fem privatlektioner med instruktör och egen träning utöver det. För imitationerna letade jag upp klipp på Youtube där dirigenten är synlig, övade in dirigentens gestik och filmade mig själv ur liknande kameravinkel. Efter att jag spelat in mina imitationer gjordes en analys där jag jämförde likheter och skillnader mellan mig och dirigenterna. Dirigenterna som jag imiterade är Osmo Vänskä, JoAnn Falletta och Eiji Oue. Några rörelser från Tai Chi-träningen och gester från imitationerna använde jag sedan i det konstnärliga arbetet med två orkesterprojekt. I det första projektet leder jag Norrbotten NEO och medvetet tagit in rörelser och gestik från Tai Chi-träningen och imitationerna. Det andra projektet består av två delar. Första delen består av en förberedelse då jag dirigerar Mårten Landström på piano. Andra delen består av att jag leder Norrlandsoperans symfoniorkester. I andra projektet gjorde jag ett val att inte medvetet lägga in rörelser och gestik utan gick mer på intuition. Arbetet har lett till att min kroppsmedvetenhet och gestik har utvecklats positivt. Min vänsterhand är mer självständig och gestiken är mer varierande än innan arbetet. Att imitera andra dirigenter visade sig vara en bra metod för att utveckla gestiken.
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Kwok, Yin-wai Joseph. "The construction of gender identity in Hong Kong cinema /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?
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Chao, Yu-Kai [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Grimm. "Functional characterization of intracellular ion channels with the endolysosomal patch-clamp technique / Yu-Kai Chao ; Betreuer: Christian Grimm." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193924472/34.
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Wong, Suet-wai Shirley, and 黃雪慧. "Lai Wan Kai Fong Welfare Association." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982797.
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Kao, Ta-Chao [Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Sperlich, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Benner. "Contributions to statistical modelling of high-frequency financial data with applications to Frankfurt Stock Exchange / Ta-Chao Kao. Gutachter: Walter Zucchini ; Stefan Sperlich ; Wolfgang Benner. Betreuer: Walter Zucchini." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043999329/34.
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Dahlqvist, Erica. "Undersökning av parametrar som kan öka mobiliteten av arsenik i grundvatten efter jordtvätt i Gudarp." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142068.
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After soil washing in the former wood preservation industry, the concentration of As (arsenic) have increased in the groundwater. The purpose of this study was to investigate different parameters that could increase the mobility of As in the groundwater. The impact the soil wash has on the soil and it is effect on mobility will also be consider. This study will also show how As, Cu and Cr changes over time, however, the focus will be on As when the soil washing have been controlled by the As concentration. Soil and groundwater samples have been collected. Through filtration Fe (iron), Al (aluminium) and TOC (Total organic carbon) together with As have been analysed to determine a possible relation. Redox potential and As specification have also been analysed. As occur probably dissolved in the groundwater or together with DOC (Dissolved organic carbon). No link between colloids and complexes with Fe and Al together with As was found through filtration. Redox potential has no impact since the water was well oxygenated and As occurred as As(V). As and Cu follow the same time trend, while different for Cr. It is clear that the concentration of As increased in the groundwater after soil washing and that soil excavating have not the same problem with increased levels. The ground structure is changed and the clay mineral with adsorption surface is removed with soil washing. This could explain the increase of As in the groundwater.
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Kustov, Pille, and Johannes Rodén. "Socialt stöd till unga på webben - kan en frivilligorganisations chatt för ungdomar beskrivas som socialt stöd?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-42951.
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Herrmann, Johannes Bernd [Verfasser], Alexandra [Gutachter] Schubert-Unkmeir, Kay [Gutachter] Johswich, Martin [Gutachter] Fraunholz, and Hartwig [Gutachter] Klinker. "Rolle des Komplement C5a-Rezeptors 1 in der Pathophysiologie der Meningokokken-Sepsis / Johannes Bernd Herrmann ; Gutachter: Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir, Kay Johswich, Martin Fraunholz, Hartwig Klinker." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191102602/34.
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Wong, Man-kin. "Cong duo yuan zhu yi de guan dian kan ying de de yi yi : dui Wo'erze (Michael Walzer) zheng yi li lun de chan shi /." View abstract or full-text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202003%20WONGM.
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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-123). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Sousa, Mariana Silva. "Up-converting phosphor - lateral flow, kato-katz e poc-cca : uma análise comparativa no diagnóstico da infecção por Schistosoma mansoni em uma área de baixa endemicidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/10652.
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Sousa, Mariana Silva. Up-converting phosphor - lateral flow CCA, kato-katz e POC-CCA : uma análise comparativa no diagnóstico da infecção por Schistosoma mansoni em uma área de baixa endemicidade. 2015. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Patologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2015.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2015-02-19T13:28:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_mssousa.pdf: 2591529 bytes, checksum: a75523df6539e6fc0b25c41b356c038a (MD5)
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Schistosomiasis affects at least 230 million people and is associated with at least 200,000 deaths a year worldwide. The detection of Schistos oma circulating antigens is becoming a promising tool for the diagnosis of active infection. Serum levels of these antigens are related to the parasite load and the intensity of infection and decrease rapidly after drug treatment, demonstrating also be a u seful approach of therapeutic response evaluation. It was evaluated the prevalence of active S. mansoni infection by testing Up - Converting Phosphor Lateral Flow (UCP - LF) for determination of Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) in urine and it was compared wi th the Kato - Katz's technique for detection of eggs in the feces and with the Point - of - Care – CCA (POC - CCA) test, which detects the Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) in the urine. Moreover, the therapeutic response was evaluated by the methods that detect circulating antigens six weeks after treatment. The study was conducted in Bananeira ́ s, village - Capistrano town, an endemic area in the Ceara state. From 297 inhabitants of the village , 285 agreed to participate in the study, of whom 159 received treatme nt. Of these, 128 returned the required urine and feces before and after treatment and were evaluated by three methods. The UCP - LF CAA test detected 44 positive (34.4%). The Kato - Katz technique revealed only two positive feces samples (1.6%) and POC - CCA de tected 8 positive (6.2%). The sensitivity of the different assays were determined against a combined infection positive ("gold") standard , being higher for the test CAA UCP - LF (92%), followed by POC - CCA (17%), while the Kato - Katz (three slides) had a very low sensitivity (4%).The highest prevalence rate was found active infections in people aged 30 - 39 years. CAA concentrations before treatment ranged from 0.16 to 61.12 pg CAA / ml of urine, with a significant decrease in the levels of CAA after six weeks o f treatment (Wilcoxon, p = 0.003). Thus, given these promising observations, the UCP - LF CAA showed a potential value to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis in low endemic areas; however, other larger studies are needed.
A esquistossomose acomete pelo menos 230 milhões de pessoas e está associada com pelo menos 200.000 mortes anualmente no mundo. A detecção dos antígenos circulantes de Schistosoma está se tornando uma ferramenta promissora para o diagnóstico de infecções ativas. Os níveis séricos desses antígenos estão relacionados com a carga parasitária e a intensidade de infecção e diminuem rapidamente após o tratamento medicamentoso, demonstrando ser uma abordagem útil também na avaliação da resposta terapêutica. Foi avaliada a prevalência da infecção ativa pelo S. mansoni através do ensaio Up- Converting Phosphor Lateral Flow (UCP-LF) para determinação do Antígeno Anódico Circulante (CAA) na urina e comparada com a da técnica de Kato-Katz para a detecção de ovos nas fezes e com a do teste Point-of-Care – CCA (POC-CCA), que detecta o Antígeno Catódico Circulante (CCA) na urina. Além disso, a resposta terapêutica foi avaliada pelos métodos que detectam os antígenos circulantes seis semanas após o tratamento. O estudo foi realizado na localidade de Bananeiras, Capistrano, uma área endêmica no Estado do Ceará. De 297 habitantes da localidade, 285 aceitaram participar do estudo, dos quais 159 receberam o tratamento. Destes, 128 entregaram as amostras de urina e fezes requisitadas antes e após o tratamento e foram avaliados pelos três métodos. O ensaio UCP-LF CAA detectou 44 positivos (34,4%). A técnica de Kato-Katz revelou apenas duas amostras de fezes positivas (1,6%) e o POC-CCA detectou 8 positivos (6,2%). As sensibilidades dos diferentes ensaios foram determinadas contra um padrão ("ouro") de positividade de infecção combinado, mostrando-se maior para o ensaio UCP-LF CAA (92%), seguido pelo POC-CCA (17%), enquanto o Kato-Katz (três lâminas) teve uma sensibilidade muito baixa (4%). A maior taxa de prevalência de infecções ativas encontrada foi em pessoas com idades de 30 a 39 anos. As concentrações de CAA antes do tratamento variaram de 0,16 a 61,12 pg CAA / ml de urina, havendo um decréscimo significativo dos níveis de CAA após seis semanas do tratamento (Wilcoxon, P = 0,003). Dessa maneira, tendo em conta essas observações promissoras, o UCP-LF CAA mostrou um valor potencial para a determinação da prevalência de esquistossomose mansoni em áreas de baixa endemicidade; contudo, outros estudos mais amplos são necessários.
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Ingemarsson, Charlotta, and Jonathan Hellgren. "I chatten kan ingen höra mig skrika : En litteraturstudie om aspekter som påverkar ungdomars hjälpsökande via internetbaserad stödchatt." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49400.
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Råd och stöd via internetbaserad stödchatt har blivit en kontaktväg för ungdomar som vill söka hjälp. Tjänsten innebär att ungdomarna från mobil och dator kan skriva med professionella eller volontärer som ger dem stöd och råd kring olika problem. Denna studie ämnar ge en översikt av forskningsläget de senaste tio åren kring varför ungdomar, 13 – 25 år, väljer att använda sig av internetbaserad stödchatt. Genom en litteraturstudie har 13 artiklar mött kriterierna för att inkluderas i översikten. Tre stycken teman identifierades i resultatet. 1) Användaren som rör vilken typ av person, vilken typ av problem och attityder användaren har, 2) Anonymitet och Kontroll och 3) Svararen som handlar om rollen som svararen har. De tre teman ger en översikt på forskningsläget och visar att användarna har en annan typ av problem och att det finns andra aspekter av makt och kontroll än i ett fysiskt möte.Counselling through online chat has become a source of contact for youths who wants to seek help. Through the service youths can from their cell phones and computer chat with professionals and peers who can give them support to various problems. This study wants to give an overview on the research on the subject made the last ten years on why youths, 13 – 25 years, choose to use counselling through online chat. With a literature review 13 studies matched the inclusion criteria. Three themes were identified in the result. 1) The user, which revolves around what kind of person, problem and attitudes the user has, 2) Anonymity and control and 3) The Answerer, which revolves around the answerer's role. The three themes give an overview on the current research and shows that the users have a different kind of problems and that there are different dimensions of control compared to a physical session.
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Oliveira, Warllem Junio de. "Análise e comparação da sensibilidade e especificidade entre diferentes métodos de diagnóstico para Schistosoma mansoni: gradiente salino, Helmintex®, centrífugo-sedimentação, kato-katz e teste rápido urina (POC-CCA)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9WHFJU.
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Human intestinal schistosomiasis, caused by the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people in Africa and Latin America. For diagnosis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the Kato-Katz method (KK) with two slides prepared from a single fecal sample as standard coprological method. However, in areas of low endemicity or in subjects with low parasite load, the KK method has shown low sensitivity. As a result, a large number of individuals are diagnosed as false negative, difficulting the control or eradication of the disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of KK method, Centrifugal-Sedimentation (MIFC), Saline gradient (GRAD), Helmintex (HTX) and Rapid Urine test (POC-CCA) in relation to the Gold Standard, which includes all positive individuals detected by some kind of direct parasitological method. Three fecal samples from 257 individuals, residents of Brejo do Amparo, county of Januária, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were collected during three consecutive days and analyzed by different diagnostic methods. For KK, 14 slides were prepared from the first and two slides from the second and third sample fecal sample. For the saline gradient, 500 mg of feces were used from the first sample. In the case of HTX, we used a total of 30 g of feces from the first sample, which was submitted to filtration and washing procedures, before mixing it with paramagnetic beads. During the preparation of MIFC, 2 g of feces of each sample was homogenized and pooled in preservative solution. The pooled samples were mixed with ethyl ether and then centrifuged. As for the POC-CCA, patients provided a urine sample. The statistical analysis determined the performance of each method in terms of prevalence and sensitivity, and in combination with any other test and also in relation to the parasite burden. The prevalence increased from 20.4% (WHO standard) to 45.9% in the gold standard. The MIFC was the least sensitive method for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, even in individuals with a high parasite load. The sensitivity of GRAD was equal to that observed with two Kato-Katz slides. In addition, the HTX method showed the best performance, most probably because of the analyzed fecal volume and the successive sample purification processes. An increased number of slides and samples resulted in a better performance of the KK method. However, further reading of more than six slides did not result in a better performance of the method. The POC-CCA presented a performance equal to that of KK with three samples and two slides each, including the detection of individuals with low worm burden. For the combination of different diagnostic methods, the best performance was achieved with the HTX and KK with two slides each from three samples or between HTX and POC-CCA, which showed similar performance. For KK the best combinations were obtained when using six slides from one or three fecal samples with POC-CCA. We conclude that the sensitivity of KK rises with increasing number of slides and / or samples and that a combination of different methods also contributes to a more accurate diagnosis of schistosomiasis in areas of low parasite load. However, this study recommends the use of a combination of the KK method with six slides of the same sample and POC-CCA due to their wider applicability, since it is inexpensive, easy to perform and requires reduced sampling efforts.A esquistossomose mansoni, ocasionada pelo trematódeo Schistosoma mansoni, é uma doença tropical negligenciada que afeta milhões de indivíduos na África e América Latina. Para o diagnóstico, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) recomenda o método Kato-Katz (K-K), com duas lâminas de uma única amostra fecal, como método coprológico padrão. Entretanto, em áreas de baixa endemicidade ou em indivíduos com baixa carga parasitária, o método K-K tem apresentado uma baixa sensibilidade. Como resultado, um elevado número de indivíduos é diagnosticado como falso negativo, dificultando, portanto, o controle ou erradicação da doença. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos métodos K-K, Centrífugo-Sedimentação (MIFC), Gradiente Salino (GRAD), Helmintex® (HTX) e Teste rápido de urina (POC-CCA) em relação ao Padrão Ouro (PO), o qual inclui todos os indivíduos positivos detectados por algum tipo de método parasitológico direto. Três amostras fecais de 257 indivíduos, moradores do distrito Brejo do Amparo, Município de Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram coletadas durante três dias consecutivos e analisadas pelos diferentes métodos diagnósticos. Para o K-K, 14 lâminas foram preparadas a partir da primeira amostra fecal e duas lâminas para a segunda e terceira amostra. O Gradiente Salino utilizou 500 mg de fezes da primeira amostra. No caso do HTX, foi utilizado um total 30 g de fezes da primeira amostra que, após os processos de filtração e lavagem, foram submetidas à combinação com esferas paramagnéticas. Durante a preparação do MIFC, 2 g de fezes de cada amostra foram homogeneizadas com solução conservante e éter etílico e, em seguida, centrifugadas. Já para o POC-CCA, os pacientes forneceram uma pequena amostra urinária. A análise estatística determinou o desempenho de cada método, em termos de prevalência e sensibilidade, e em combinação com algum outro teste e também em relação à carga parasitária. A prevalência aumentou de 20,4% (Padrão OMS) para 45,9% (PO). O MIFC foi o método menos sensível para o diagnóstico da esquistossomose, mesmo em indivíduos com alta carga parasitária. A sensibilidade do GRAD foi igual à observada com duas lâminas de Kato-Katz. Além disso, o método HTX foi o que apresentou o melhor desempenho, devido ao grande volume fecal analisado e aos sucessivos processos de purificação da amostra. O aumento do número de lâminas e de amostras acarretou em um melhor desempenho do método K-K. Contudo, uma leitura superior a seis lâminas não resultou em um melhor desempenho do método. O POC-CCA apresentou um desempenho igual ao do K-K com três amostras e duas lâminas cada (AM 1-3 K1-K2), inclusive na detecção de indivíduos com baixa carga parasitária. Para a combinação de diferentes métodos diagnósticos, o melhor desempenho foi alcançado com o HTX e AM 1-3 K1-K2 ou entre HTX e POC-CCA, as quais apresentaram desempenho semelhante. Para o K-K, as melhores combinações foram obtidas ao se utilizar seis lâminas provenientes de uma ou de três amostras com o POC-CCA. Conclui-se que a sensibilidade do K-K se eleva com o aumento do número de lâminas e/ou amostras e que a combinação entre diferentes métodos também contribui para um diagnóstico mais preciso da esquistossomose, em áreas de baixa carga parasitária. No entanto, o presente estudo recomenda o emprego da combinação entre o método Kato-Katz com seis lâminas de uma mesma amostra e POC-CCA, devido à sua maior aplicabilidade, uma vez que apresenta baixo custo, fácil execução e pequenos volumes amostrais.
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Livable Communities." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9515.
Full textAbstract:
What makes a community sustainable? Is it the
effective management of local environmental
resources? Or meeting the social, economic and health needs of its population? For the five UBC researchers in the following pages, the answer is unequivocally both. From tackling water scarcity to environmental health and planning, these researchers are individually working to ensure local communities are equipped with the necessary knowledge to remain sustainable for generations to come.
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曾惠雯. "Why Do We Say "Chou" kong, "Tou" kao, "Cha" ban? -- A Semantic Analysis of "Hand-Radical" Verbs in Chinese." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11674242242798285491.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
華語文教學研究所
85
This thesis deals with the meaning of hand radical verbs in Chinese from the perspectives of cognitive semantics and attempts at an application to the pedagogy of Chinese as a second language of the theories and methods in the process of this semantic analysis. Chapter 1presents the motivations for this research and the organization of this thesis. Starting with image schema based on human physical experiences, we discuss the isomorphic metaphorical extension of polysemy in Chapter 2. Taking cha and chou 2 for example, we explain the image schema gestalt of our concept structure and the motivated category extension of the metaphorical use of a word. Taking “parabolic action ”verb family －tou, pao, reng, shuai, zhi, 3 for example,in Chapter 3, we identify these quasisynonymous verbs by ad hoc semantic features in the empirical framework of latelydeveloped fuzzy set theory. In Chapter 4, we raise several questions about word meaning, meaning change, semantic analysis and semantic pedagogy, and render some tentative explanations to them. In Chapter 5,we apply the theories, analyses and discussions presented in the first three chapters to an illustration of an instructional design on a semantic pedagogy of Chinese as a second language. However, this section is only an attempt at a possible framework, and a fuller treatment has yet to be undertaken. Chapter 6, the last chapter, presents a series of questions that have not been dealt with fully in this thesis and a few afterthoughts from the author.
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游騰達. "The Development and accomplishment of Chan Kan Chuan’s philosophy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7n5k3a.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣師範大學
中國文學系研究所
100
This research divides Chan Kan Chuan’s philosophy into four stages.Firstly, the initial stage: learning from the eminent scholar Chen Hsien Chang in Chan’s early years.Secondly, the progressive stage: advocating “A Learning Both Sound in Theory and Practice” in Chan’s age of 50.Thirdly, the stable stage: establishing the theory objective on “Experiencing Heavenly Principle Everywhere”.Fourthly, the accomplished stage: returning to the philosophy of “The Natural” (Tzu-jan). The above mentioned are the keys of chapter 2, 3 and 5 in this essay and chapter 4 probes Chan’s Mind-nature Theory and Li-qi Theory. Finally, this essay claims that although Chan can be classified as a member of Mind School, his emphasis on “Heavenly Principle” makes his theory different from Wang Yang Ming’s Mind School.Therefore, Chan’s philosophy can be concluded as seeking a balanced School of mind-heart between “Mind” and “Principle”.
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YAN, MING-HONG, and 顏銘宏. "Fundamentalstudies on the evaluation of Bupleurum Kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16417286693237892878.
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Wu, Gen-Ei, and 吳靜宜. "The Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective of Extract from Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52922187253158841250.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
食品科學系碩士班
92
Abstract Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang (B. kaoi) is an aboriginal medical plant in Taiwan and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic,anticarcinogenic, and immunoregulatory activities. The compound prescription Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT), containing B. kaoi as the major ingredient as well as Pinelliae tuber, Ginseng radix, Zizyphi fructus, Scutellariae radix, Glycyrrhizae radix, and Zingiberis rhizoma, is used as the curing medicine for chronic hepatitis in Chinese herbal medicine. Water extracts of B. kaoi and XCHT were prepared and the antioxidant ingredients were analyzed. In addition, the hepatoprotective functionality of the extracts was assayed with in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties. The results showed that B. kaoi contained higher amount of total phenolics and flavonoids. The saikosaponin a, c, and d in B. kaoi were 0.54, 0.29, and 0.60 mg/g. respectively; while the contents of saikosaponin a, c, and d in XCHT were 0.32, 0.40, and 0.19 mg/g respectively. With respect to antioxidant properties, both B. kaoi and XCHT showed good DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging ability, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity. However, B. kaoi exhibited better scavenging superoxide anion activity and inhibiting the formation of superoxide anion; XCHT had better ferrous ion chelating activity. While decocting of herbs is a time-consuming and less efficient process, extraction of herbs with organic solvents always raises safety concerns by consumers. The feasibility of applying supersonic-assisted extraction (SE) of XCHT with 0-95% ethanol was investigated in this study. The results indicated that the active ingredient contents and antioxidant activities of the SE extracts increased as the concentration of ethanol used in the SE increased. It is suggested that 95% ethanol is an ideal solvent for supersonic-assisted extraction of XCHT active ingredients. The hepatoprotective capabilities of B. kaoi and XCHT water extracts were tested in vivo using carbon tetrachloride-treated rats by analyzing serum aminotransferases (glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase, SGOT and glutamyl pyruvic transaminase, SGPT), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dimutase, SOD and catalase) and glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, GPx; glutahtione reductase, GRd and glutathione S-transferse, GST). Since the levels of SGOT, SGPT and malondialdehyde (MDA, indicator of lipid preoxidation) were reduced by the administration of B. kaoi (500 mg/kg bw) and XCHT (100 and 500 mg/kg bw) extracts, the results suggest that both B. kaoi and XCHT possess hepatoprotective capability. Less liver damage in CCl4-treated rats could be explained by high levels of antioxidant compounds detected in B. kaoi and XCHT extracts which can stabilize cell membrane through the actions of intracellular and extracellular scavenging free radicals or peroxides. In conclusion, B. kaoi and XCHT are hepatoprotective and can be used as health foods.
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Yang, Wei-Hung, and 楊偉宏. "Ownership and Managerial Control Games in Publi Companies - A Case Study of Kao Hsing Chan Co. and Kaishiung Business Bank." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86242492537503779446.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系
85
This thesis studies some issues of Taiwan public companies'' ownership and managerial control games by researching tow companies: 1.To understand the case aompanies'' ownership and manegerial control games by interview and collecting second hand data. 2.To analysis the case companies base on corporation law, stock exchange law and organization & decision theory, M&A theory. 3.Comparing two companies and find some issues. Throughting the research we find that: 1.Outsiders get ownership and managerial control by buying stocks in stock market or proxy fight. 2.The defensive ways of insiders are procrastinate and law. 3. The illegal faction join companies'' ownership and managerial control games. 4.Government authority is not executed well. This research suggests that: 1.Insiders should use normal and legal ways to defence outsiders. 2.Outsiders should join companies base on the attitude of managing companies forover. 3. Government should modify the out-of-date laws and executes the laws strictly.
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Chen, Uei-Chern, and 陳威臣. "Masspropagation and Saikosaponins Analysis from In Vitro Cultures of Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30432760802374453863.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
94
The aims of this study were to establish a micropropagation and cell suspension culture system for seedling and saikosaponins production of Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang, an endangered medicinal herb native to Taiwan. In vitro micropropagation of B. kaoi was established by culturing the axillary buds on a half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Maximum shoot multiplication rate was achieved in a medium containing 0.25 mg/L BA however many hyper- hydric shoots were also produced after 6 weeks of culture. Improvement of ventilation by using 3 layers of dispense paper (DP) as container closure was able to overcome the hyperhydric disorder and to increase the quality of in vitro shoots. In addition, liquid and liquid-solid culture alternating systems were proved not beneficial for in vitro culture of B. kaoi. A protocol for producing high quality rooted plantlets with high efficient acclimatization rate was established in this study. Leaves of in vitro rooted plantlets were partial trimmed before transplanting into the sterile mixed substrate inside a transparent plastic box with cover for maintaining a higher relative humidity. Boxes were put into a growth chamber under 22℃ (14 h in light) / 18℃ (10 h in darkness) environmental condition. A survival rate of 92% after 4 weeks of acclimation was obtained from plantlets previously cultured on a 1/2MS basal medium containing 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.1-0.2 mg/L NAA, in combination with changing aluminum foil (AF) with 3 layers of DP as container closure after 2 weeks culturing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the leaf with the DP container closure treatment had functional stomata and the better epicuticular wax accumulation. The bioactive ingredients of saikosaponin a, c and d (SSa, SSc, SSd) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Root of 18-month-old field-grown plants derived in vitro shoots was higher total content of SSa, SSc and SSd (SSa+SSc+SSd) than that of plants derived from seeds. Moreover the SSa+SSc+SSd of plant derived from in vitro was 2.02- and 1.57-fold than that from the coarse and thinner crude drug from market (Radix Bupleuri- roots of B. chinensis), respectively. Our results suggested that the in vitro micropropagation of B. kaoi may be beneficial both on cultivation and conservation for this endangered medicinal plant in Taiwan. Callus induction was obtained from leaf segments cultured on a 1/2MS basal medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in darkness however the concentration of 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D was more suitable for callus maintenance. The SSa+SSc+SSd contents from callus culture reached the highest amount after 8-10 weeks culturing however it is relative low while comparing with other derived samples. Medium contained various strength MS basal salts in combination with 3% sucrose, 0.9% Difco Bacto-agar, 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate, 500 mg/L peptone, and 100 mL/L coconut water were tested for callus proliferation and saikosaponins content analysis. Among 4 concentrations of MS salt strength, 1/2MS treatment had the highest fresh and dry weight after 4 weeks of culturing however browning callus was observed at week six. Although callus weight derived from 1/2MS treatment was higher than that of from MS treatment, callus derived from the full-strength MS medium had the highest SSa+SSc+SSd content. Cell suspension culture of B. kaoi was established using minced callus cultured in a liquid 1/2MS basal medium with 15% cell density (6 mL cells, 40 mL liquid medium, 250-mL Elementary flask) and 80 rpm. Effects of elicitors of yeast extract (YE), abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) on biomasses and saikosaponin contents on B. kaoi suspension cells were investigated. No effect of fresh and dry weight by treating with yeast extract (YE), furthermore YE and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments both increased saikosaponins content after 1 week of treating. Overall the combinative efficiency of cell production and saikosaponins content, no significant difference was found between YE and ABA treatments. The results of another YE elicitor experiment, accumulation of SSa+SSc+SSd of YE treated cell was 2.78-fold higher than autoclaved water (control) after 2 weeks of treating. It is suggested that a two-stage culture system may be profitable for saikosaponins production using fast growth cells in combination with proper elicitor cultured for certain time. It is thought that cell suspension culture in a long run has a great potential and advantage to produce secondary metabolites therefore more research efforts should develop for pharmaceutical utilization. Although the total amount of SSa, SSc, and SSd of the cultured cell was low in this stage comparing with other sources of tested samples in this study, it is thought that by modifying several important factors for suspension culture of B. kaoi cells could increase this system efficiency greatly.
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Lin, Tzu-Hsiang, and 林子翔. "Hepatoprotective and antioxidative activities of Chai-Hu-Ching-Kan-Tang on acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in rats." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60164182222752362714.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
天然藥物研究所碩士班
94
Chai-Hu-Ching-Kan-Tang (CHCKT), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription has been scripturally used to treat hepatitis. It was evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of various CHCKT water extract concentrations (125, 250, 500 mg/kg body wt) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced (750mg/kg body wt.) acute liver injury in rats. Once the animals were sacrificed, we measured serum glutamate-oxalate- transaminase (sGOT) and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (sGPT) levels to evaluate the liver function, and hapatic lipid peroxidant (LPO)、superoxide dismutase (SOD)、catalase (CAT)、glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Additionally, we observed the pathological sections of the liver injury by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The results indicated that CHCKT treatments significantly decreased the level of GOT and GPT when compared with non-treated APAP-induced group (P<0.05). In addition, CHCKT treatments not only significantly decreased the LPO level but also increased the activity of antioxidant related enzymes (SOD, GPx) in APAP-intoxicated rats; besides, the observation in histopathologic studies displayed that the CHCKT extract ameliorated the central necrosis, fatty change caused by APAP-induce liver injury. From these results, we suggest that the CHCKT has the hepatoprotective effects on APAP-induced liver injury by free radical scavenging.
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YANG, HSIU-YA, and 楊秀雅. "Effects of tissue culture condition on root growth and saikosaponins production in Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91822179288846568544.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
生命科學院碩士在職專班
93
Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish tissue culture condition on the root growth and saikosaponins production in Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang. MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L BA and 0.05 mg/L NAA was used as shoots’ proliferation medium. The adventitious root induction of shoots was cultured on B5 medium containing 0.5 mg/L IBA. The induction of adventitious root by inverted stem segments was cultured on 1/4 MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA. The roots, which were induced by shoots, increased ratio of root fresh weight by IBA treatment. Experimental data showed that higher production of saikosaponin -a (SS-a) and saikosaponin -d (SS-a) were grown at the 9 mg/L IBA and 7 mg/L IBA, respectively. Root was cultivated with 7 mg/L IBA, resulting in the highest concentration of saikosaponin-a and -d ( 479 mg/g). The ratio of maximal root fresh weight increase , dry weight, production of saikosaponin -a and saikosaponin -d was attained in B5 medium containing 8 mg/L sucrose. Initial weight of root explants subculture was 1g (DW / 100ml) better than 3g (DW / 100ml) in the liquid medium. The root explants initial weight was accumulated with time course, and higher amounts of saikosaponin-a and saikosaponin-d was attained at 42 days and 21 days. The initial weight of root explants subculture were accumulated with time course, higher amounts of saikosaponin-a and saikosaponin-d were attained at 42 days and 35 days. The roots, which were induced by stem segments, increased ratio of root fresh weight by IBA treatment. Experimental data showed that higher dried weight and production of saikosaponin-a were attained in B5 medium containing 9 mg/L IBA. The higher production of saikosaponin -d was cultured in B5 medium containing 3 mg/L IBA. The saikosaponin -a and -d production, with levels reaching 841.2 mg/g, was the most attained in B5 medium containing 9 mg/L IBA. The ratio of maximal root fresh weight increase, dry weight, production of saikosaponin -a and saikosaponin -d was attained in B5 medium containing 8 mg/L sucrose. The higher production of saikosaponin-a was attained in B5 medium containing 3, 5 and 7 mg/L sucrose. The higher production of saikosaponin-d was attained in B5 medium containing 1 mg/L sucrose. The initial weight of root explants was accumulated with time course and higher amounts of saikosaponins were attained at 42 days and 35 days. Shoots and stem segments induced roots were cultured with light was attained more higher increasing ratio of fresh weight, dry weight and production of saikosaponins than dark. In fresh weight analysis of HPLC, the highest contents of saikosaponin -a and -d were obtained on root of seedling. In dry weight analysis of HPLC, the highest contents of saikosaponins -a was obtained on market product of Radix Bupleuri. The highest contents of saikosaponin -d was obtained on stem segments induced roots and the lowest on market product of Radix Bupleuri.
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Lin, Wei-hsi, and 林維熙. "Study of Protocol on the Cryopreservation of Taiwan Native Medicinal Herb - Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang by Vitrification." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83736343812571868684.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
生命科學系所
96
This study investigates the cryopreservation of the in-vitro grown axillary buds of Taiwan native medicinal herb Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang（B. kaoi）using the vitrification procedure. Factors influencing the success of B. kaoi cryopreservation include the duration of exposure to the cryoprotectant solution and the composition of the post-cryostorage recovery medium. The plantlets obtained from 45-day shoot cultures were precultured for 3 days on solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 M sucrose. The 2–3 mm excised stem segments with 1-2 axillary buds were treated for 60 min at room temperature with a loading solution (LS, 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose) and dehydrated with PVS2 (plant vitrification solution 2) for 120 min at 0℃ before rapid immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). After 1 week in liquid nitrogen, rapid rewarming at 40℃ for 30 sec in water bath was followed by unloading in 1.2 M enriched sucrose solution for 35 min. The axillary buds were plated on petri dishes containing 1/2 MS medium as recovery medium for 2 weeks and transfered to conical flask containing 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneactic acid (NAA) for 2 month. This protocol achieved 59.63% buds recovery rates and 73.33% regeneration rate. The morphology of the plantlets after cryopreservation were indistinguishable to the normal ones. Analysis the contents of saikosaponins found that the main accumulation was in the aboveground. After cryopreservation, the subculture derived from aboveground and root of regeneration plantlet were the same as the non-cryopreserved plantlet. In conclusion, the protocol established in this study could be adapted to the cryopreservation of B. kaoi by vitrification.
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Hsiao, Wei-Chung, and 蕭維中. "Evaluation of antiviral effects from Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang contining Bupleurum kaoi and saikosaponins against hepatitis B virus infections in vitro." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61635375377952442966.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
天然藥物研究所
97
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major public health problems in the world. In Taiwan, 80 % of patients who develop hepatocellular carcinoma have etiology related to chronic hepatitis B. Interferon-α (IFN-α) and nucleotide analogs such as lamivudine (3TC), adefovir, and entecavir are currently used for the treatment of HBV infection. However, the high cost, side effects, and drug resistance have limited their application. In this study, the efficacy of water and ethanol extracts from two Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang formulae, one including Bupleurum kaoi and the other consisting of B. chinense, and saikosaponins a, b2, c, d were examined for their ability to inhibit HBV in HepG2 2.2.15 cell lines. The cytotoxicity of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang extracts and saikosaponins on HepG2 2.2.15 cells were assessed using the XTT method. Expression of HBV viral antigens, HBsAg and HBeAg, was examined using Enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of HBV DNA was examined using Quantitative real-time-PCR (q PCR). Expression of INF-β was examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Our results indicated that Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang water and ethanol extracts consisting of not only B. kaoi but also using B. chinense can inhibit the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg at concentration that are non-toxic to cells. The water extracts of these two Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang formulae and saikosaponin b2 can inhibit the HBV DNA expression. The water extracts of these two Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang formulae and saikosaponin b2 also can induce the expression of INF-β. The low cytotoxicity level and selectivity at effective concentration suggested that Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang extracts consisting of either B. kaoi or B. chinense merit to be further investigated for their antiviral mechanism.
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Kovalev, Ilia. ""Analýza politického diskurzu o migraci na půdě Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky."." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448589.
Full textAbstract:
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Sociological Studies Department of Sociology Analysis of the political discourse on migration in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic: restrictive or liberal approach? Abstract of the Master's thesis Author: Ilia Kovalev Study programme: Sociology Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Zdeněk Uherek, CSc. Year of the defence: 2021 References KOVALEV, Ilia. Analysis of the political discourse on migration in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic: restrictive or liberal approach? Prague, 2021. 80 pages. Master's thesis (Mgr.). Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Sociological Studies. Department of Sociology. Supervisor doc. PhDr. Zdeněk Uherek, CSc. Length of the thesis: 120256 characters Abstract Most of the previous research that has examined migration in the Czech Republic has focused primarily on the development of migration flows and changes in government strategies in this area, not on how we think about this issue and how we talk about it. Therefore, the aim of this Thesis is to analyze the political discourse on migration in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The analysis is based on the hypothesis of the existence of two consistent discourse attitudes, which represent restrictive and...
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Liu, Chu-Ting, and 劉曲婷. "The Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Effects of Ethanolic Extract from Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang and Its Fractionations From Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16846176727093716896.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
食品科學系碩士班
90
This research studies the effects of Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang fractionationed by supercritical carbon dioxide on the antioxidant and hepatopective abilities. Bupleurum kaoi was mixed with ethanol at the ratio 1:4 (v/w) for 24 hrs to obtain Bupleurum kaoi ethanol extract (E). The extract E was further fractionated by SC-CO2 at the following operation conditions: temp at 40 ℃ and pressure at 20, 15,10, or 5 MPa to give residue (R), fractionation 1 (F1), fractionation 2 (F2), or fractionation 3 (F3), respectively. The evaluation of total phenolic acid contents and the antioxidant ability of extract E and four fractionations showed that the antioxidant ability and the scavenge effect of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH‧) radical increased with the concentrations of fractionations. The inhibition on malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and the scavenge effect on DPPH radical of Bupleurum kaoi extract and fractionations at 10 mg/mL were E (73 %), R (43 %), F1 (40 %), F2 (70 %), F3 (80 %) and E (58 %), R (76 %), F1 (53 %), F2 (71 %), F3 (64 %), respectively. When the concentration was 5 mg/mL, Bupleurum kaoi fractionations had above 52 % inhibition effect on the O2‧─ formation; however, when the concentration was 10 mg/mL, Bupleurum kaoi fractionations had over 90 % scavenge effect on the O2‧─. The effects on ‧OH trapping of fractionations from Bupleurum kaoi was not excellent except F3 (68 %). Fractionation altered the composition distributions such as increasing total polyphenols contents and total flavonoid contents of F3. From this in vitro antioxidation study, the abilities of F3 on inhibition superoxide anion radicals, scavenge superoxide anion radicals, and ‧OH trapping was the best and F2 was next among the fractionations. However, E was the best on inhibition MDA formation and R was the best on scavenge DPPH radical. The various concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/mL) of Bupleurum kaoi fractionations protected the primary hepatocytes against toxicity induced by one of the following reagents：carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP), acetaminophen (APAP) or D-galactosamine (D-GalN). The result displayed that the various hepatic toxicity induced reagents had different mechanisms for hepatocytes damage; thus, the heptoprotection effects of Bupleurum kaoi fractionations on induced reagents were variable. The Bupleurum kaoi fractionations at the concentrations of 0.1 and the 0.3 mg/mL were significantly decreased the cytotoxicity induced by CCl4. The survival cells were above 50 % (p<0.05). F2 even though at low concentration such as 0.1 mg/mL, was significant against the heptotoxicity induced by APAP and D-GalN (p<0.05). Fit CCl4 induce impatient hepatitis mode of rats, study the propolis of supercritical carbon dioxide of the different concentration (100 and 500 mg/kg bw) fractionation the serum transaminases concentration on the hepatoprotective effect of Bupleurum kaoi fractionation by SC-CO2 against acute liver damage in rat, on the activities of lipid oxidation by CCl4-induced acute in rat liver, the antioxidation enzymes (SOD and Catalase) and the glutathione-related enzymes (GPx, GRd and GST) activity. The result of the rats injected by CCl4 on the serum transaminases, its SGOT and SGPT significantly increase (p<0.05). However E, R, F1 and F2 in the 100 and 500 mg/kg bw were lower the SGOT and SGPT all worth (p<0.05) except F2 in the 100mg/kg bw and F3. On the lipid proxidantive within liver aspect that TBARS value of induced group was most (p<0.05), however the TBARS''s value of E, R and F1 can reduce all in the 100 mg/kg bw and E, R, F1 and F2 in the 500 mg/kg bw. On the other hand, the related enzymes of the blood cell and the liver of the induced group on antioxidation enzymes and glutathione activity can present the increase (p<0.05) of free back, however the GRd activity of induced group liver set inside gross step down (p<0.05), then feed on the E 100, E 500, R 100, R 500 F1 500 and F2 500 mg/kg bw can inhibitioned on the GRd activity. Through the experiment mode of hepatitis on the CCl4 induced rats to screen the Bupleurum kaoi of supercritical carbon dioxide of effective on hepatoprotection to fractionation. In brief, the hepatoprotection effect of the E, R and F1 was the best, F2 is the next in order, however the F3''s hepatoprotective effect was ineffective.