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Academic literature on the topic 'Kanmantoo copper gold deposit'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Kanmantoo copper gold deposit"

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Smith, Robert J. "Geophysics in Australian mineral exploration." GEOPHYSICS 50, no. 12 (December 1985): 2637–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441888.

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I review a variety of recent case histories illustrating the application of geophysics in mineral exploration in Australia. Geophysics is now an integral part of most programs. Examples are given of contributions by geophysics to all stages of mineral exploration, from regional area selection through to mine planning and development. Specific case histories summarized are as follows: (a) Olympic Dam copper‐uranium‐gold deposit, discovered using a conceptual genetic model and regional geophysical data; (b) Ellendale diamondiferous kimberlites, illustrating the use of low level, detailed airborne magnetics; (c) Ranger uranium orebodies, discovered by detailed airborne radiometric surveys; (d) geologic mapping near Mary Kathleen with color displays of airborne radiometric data; (e) mapping of lignite in basement depressions of the Bremer Basin, near Esperance, with INPUT; (f) White Leads, a lead‐zinc sulfide deposit discovered with induced polarization (IP) and TEM, near Broken Hill; (g) Hellyer, a lead‐zinc‐silver‐gold deposit discovered with UTEM; (h) application of geophysical logging near Kanmantoo; (i) Cowla Peak, a subbituminous steaming coal deposit mapped with ground TEM; and (j) Cook Colliery, where high‐resolution seismic reflection methods have successfully increased the workable reserves.
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Oliver, N. H. S., G. M. Dipple, I. Cartwright, and J. Schiller. "Fluid flow and metasomatism in the genesis of the amphibolites-facies, pelite-hosted Kanmantoo copper deposit, South Australia." American Journal of Science 298, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 181–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.3.181.

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Hanneson, James E., and Callum N. Baxter. "Discovery of the Havieron Gold-Copper deposit, WA." Preview 2022, no. 219 (July 4, 2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14432471.2022.2103941.

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Bjorlykke, Arne, Ragnar Hagen, and Krister Soderholm. "Bidjovagge copper-gold deposit in Finnmark, Northern Norway." Economic Geology 82, no. 8 (December 1, 1987): 2059–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.8.2059.

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Lavrik, Natalya, Natalya Litvinova, Tatyana Aleksandrova, Valentina Stepanova, and Alexandra Lavrik. "Platinum mineralization comparative characteristics of the some Far East deposits." E3S Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 04017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185604017.

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In this article shown platinum mineralization comparative characteristics for three deposits: Kondoer-traditional unique deposit and other two probably alternative source of platinum: the Poperechnoe ironmanganese deposit and the Malmyzh copper-porphyry deposit. Platinoids of the Kondoer deposit are the chain Pt>>Ir>Os>Ru=Rh>Pd. The presences of platinum crystals are characteristic, there are over 50 rare and new platinoids minerals in different combinations. There are gold and silver. Platinoids from the iron-manganese ore of Poperechnoe are as Pt>>Rh≈Ir>Ru≈Os>Pd. A scattered dissemination of arsenide sulfate and sulfides of Rh, Ir, Ru, Os are noted in the platinum. Palladium is present as impurities in gold and platinum. The gold content is different-with admixtures Ag, Pb, Cd, Fe. At this stage the platinoids content in oxidized ores of the Malmyzh gold-copper porphyry deposit is Pt ≈ Pd. The gold is present as electrum. There is native silver cadmium.
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Idrus, Arifudin. "Halogen Chemistry of Hydrothermal Micas: a Possible Geochemical Tool in Vectoring to Ore for Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.01.1022.

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Porphyry copper-gold deposit commonly exhibits an extensive alteration zone of hydrothermal micas particularly biotite and sericite. This study is aimed to analyze and utilize the chemistry of halogen fluorine and chlorine of biotite and sericite to be a possible tool in vectoring to ore for copper porphyry deposits. To achieve the objectives, several selected altered rock samples were taken crossing the Batu Hijau copper-gold mine from inner to outer of the deposit, and hydrothermal micas contained by the rocks were analyzed petrographically and chemically. Mineral chemistry was detected by electron microprobe analyzer, whilst biotite is petrographically classified as either magmatic or hydrothermal types. Sericite replacing plagioclase occurred as fine-grained mineral and predominantly associated with argillic-related alteration types. Biotites in the Batu Hijau deposit are classified as phlogopite with a relatively low mole fraction magnesium (XMg) (~0.75) compared to the “typical” copper porphyry deposit (~0.82). The relationship between the XMg and halogen contents are generally consistent with “Fe-F and Mg-Cl avoidance rules”. F content in biotite and sericite decrease systematically from inner part of the deposit which is represented by early biotite (potassic) zone where the main copper-gold hosted, to the outer part of the deposit. However, chlorine in both biotite and sericite from each of the alteration zones shows a relative similar concentration, which suggests that it is not suitable to be used in identification of the alteration zones associated with strong copper-gold mineralization. H2O content of the biotite and sericite also exhibits a systematic increase outward which may also provide a possible geochemical vector to ore for the copper porphyry deposits. This is well correlated with fluorine content of biotite in rocks and bulk concentration of copper from the corresponding rocks.
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Stepanov, V. A., V. Ye Kungurova, and I. A. Koidan. "Металлогения Камчатского срединного массива." Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2020-4-39-54.

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The article describes the ore bearance of three stages of reflected activation of the Kamchatka middle massif: Late Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene. In the first stage, gold mineralization of the gold-quartz and gold-sulfide-quartz formations was formed; in the second - sulfide platinoid-copper-nickel; in the third - gold-copper-molybdenum-porphyry. The relationship of gold, sulfide platinoid-copper-nickel and gold-copper-molybdenum-porphyry mineralization with certain igneous rock complexes - (Kola, Dukuk and Lavkin) is shown. The mining of nickel, copper from the Shanuch deposit and gold from placers has been noted.
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Liu, Zhongfa, Yongjun Shao, Haodi Zhou, Nan Liu, Kuanxin Huang, Qingquan Liu, Jiandong Zhang, and Cheng Wang. "Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Pyrite and Pyrrhotite from Stratiform and Lamellar Orebodies: Implications for the Ore Genesis of the Dongguashan Copper (Gold) Deposit, Eastern China." Minerals 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8090380.

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The Dongguashan copper (gold) deposit in Anhui Province is one of the largest copper (gold) deposits in the Tongling ore district, which is the most important region in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, Eastern China. Stratiform and lamellar orebodies are the major deposit types. Pyrite and pyrrhotite from the stratiform deposit type (Py I, Po I) and lamellar deposit type (Py II, Po II) are investigated using Electron-probe Microanalyses (EPMA) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Py I, Py II, Po I and Po II have high contents of Cu, Co, Au and Se, low contents of As, Pb and Zn, with Co/Ni ratios of 0.50−48.00, 4.00−45.00, 1.55−14.45 and 1.02−1.36, respectively, most of which are greater than 1 and vary widely; these characteristics are consistent with those of pyrite with a magmatic–hydrothermal origin. The higher Au/Ag and Fe/(S + As) ratios of pyrite and crystallization temperatures (286–387 °C) of hexagonal pyrrhotite indicate that the mineralization occurrs in environments with medium- to high-temperatures, high sulfur fugacity and medium-shallow depths. Therefore, we suggest that the Dongguashan copper (gold) deposit is a stratabound skarn-type ore deposit associated with magma intrusion activity during the Yanshanian Period.
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Vella, Lisa, and Michael Cawood. "Geophysical Characteristics of the Carrapateena Iron-Oxide Copper-Gold Deposit." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2012, no. 1 (December 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2012ab160.

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Jannas, Raymond R., Richard E. Beane, Bruce A. Ahler, and David R. Brosnahan. "Gold and copper mineralization at the El Indio deposit, Chile." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 36, no. 1-3 (February 1990): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(90)90057-h.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kanmantoo copper gold deposit"

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Carles, Patricia 1975. "Constraints on the genesis of the Archaean Troilus gold-copper deposit, Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31204.

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The Troilus gold-copper deposit lies within the northeastern part of the Archaean Frotet-Evans greenstone belt, in the Opatica sub-province of the Superior Province, northern Quebec, and contains total reserves of 51 Mt at 1.08 g/t gold, 0.11% copper, and 1.4 g/t silver. The largest orebody, Zone 87, has been mined by open pit methods since 1993.
Rocks of the Troilus domain include a coarse- to medium-grained metadiorite, a finer-grained amphibolite, a rock with a brecciated texture and felsic dykes, which crosscut the metadioritic pluton, the amphibolite and the breccia. The amphibolite, breccia, and felsic dykes all locally host ore.
Previous researchers have proposed a porphyry-type model for the genesis of the Troilus deposit. However, evidence that the breccia unit is not hydrothermal but a product of magma mixing, that the felsic dykes predate mineralization, and that mineralization and associated alteration occurred as two discrete events separated by a major episode of regional metamorphism (amphibolite facies), requires that alternative genetic models for the deposit be considered, such as orogenic gold model. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Dawson, Susan Elizabeth 1963. "The Occurrence of gold at the Bajo de le Alumbrera Porphyry copper-gold deposit, Northwestern Argentina." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558233.

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Norris, Jessica Rose. "Evolution of alteration and mineralization at the Red Chris copper-gold porphyry deposit East zone, northwestern British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42207.

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Located in northwestern British Columbia within the Stikine terrane, the Red Chris Cu-Au porphyry deposit is hosted in the Late Triassic Red Stock (~203.8 Ma). The Red Stock is a quartz monzodiorite to monzonite intrusion hosted in the broadly contemporaneous volcanic rocks of the Stuhini Group. Red Chris has features that are characteristic of calc-alkalic and alkalic porphyry deposits and shares many similarities with the Ridgeway deposit of the Cadia district in New South Wales, Australia. A combined measured and indicated resource of 936 million tonnes at 0.374 % Cu, 0.385 g/t Au, and 1.224 g/t Ag has been outlined from the Main and East zones. Copper and gold are associated with bornite, chalcopyrite and lesser pyrite, hosted in quartz veins and stockworks as disseminations and fracture-controlled veinlets. High-grade mineralization is directly associated with high quartz vein density. Copper-iron sulphide minerals are laterally zoned, with a bornite > chalcopyrite core, grading outward to a chalcopyrite > pyrite shell and outward and upward to a pyrite > chalcopyrite halo. Five major groups of veins are recognized, of which the oldest two sets contain much of the copper and gold. Stable isotopic analysis indicates the presence of magmatic and mixed magmatic-meteoric hydrothermal fluids. Evidence from sulphur isotopes demonstrates a high temperature oxidized magmatic fluid was responsible for transporting and depositing much of the copper and gold. A vertical and lateral zonation in sulphur isotopes exists, whereby deep regions exhibit δ34S values between -1.9 to -0.9 % and transition to near-surface regions in the pyrite halo that exhibit δ34S values between +0.9 to +1.9 %. Isotopic analysis of oxygen and deuterium of hydrothermal alteration minerals provide evidence for a magmatic fluid (secondary biotite and muscovite) and a mixed magmatic-meteoric fluid (illite and kaolinite). Low temperature clay alteration (illite-kaolinite; intermediate argillic assemblage) significantly overprinted high temperature alteration (K-silicate, phyllic) in the upper levels of the system and gradually diminished intensity with depth. Carbonate veins and alteration also characterize the shallow levels and isotopic analysis of carbon and oxygen suggest a magmatic source with the possibility of minor mixing with an external meteoric fluid.
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Razique, Abdul. "Magmatic evolution and genesis of the giant Reko Diq H14-H15 porphyry copper-gold deposit, District Chagai, Balochistan-Pakistan." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44621.

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Reko Diq porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit in the western Chagai belt, Pakistan, is one of the world’s largest porphyry ore deposits, containing a global resource of 5,900 million metric tons @ 0.41 % Cu and 0.22 g/t Au. The Reko Diq volcanic complex hosts a cluster of eighteen porphyry centers within a NW trending, ~10-long mineralized corridor bounded by the Drana Koh fault system to the north and Tuzgi fault to the south. The western porphyry complex at Reko Diq is linked to a distinct tectono-magmatic event of middle-late Miocene (12.9-11.9 Ma) age, which formed four economic porphyry Cu deposits and remains the focus of this study. The Reko Diq western porphyry deposits are spatially and temporally associated with a series of medium-K calc-alkaline granodiorite and quartz-diorite intrusions forming H79, H15, H14 and H13 deposits, which are spatially distributed from north to south. High Sr/Y and low Y adakitic signature and petrochemical variations in the intrusive rocks suggest normal basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite magmas derived from a tholeiitic to calc-alkaline suite arc magma with significant upper crustal interaction. Combination of U-Pb-zircon and Re-Os-molybdenite geochronology and zircon mineral chemistry suggests that a short lived (~1 Ma) fractionated magmatic-hydrothermal system with sustained mafic recharge and efficient hydrothermal fluid flow was involved in the formation of the giant H15 and H14 porphyry deposits. Much of the high-grade (up to 2.0 % Cu and 1.5 g/t Au) Cu-Au mineralization is associated with intense hydrothermal potassic alteration and early quartz “A-type” veins in the early-mineral granodiorite and intra-mineral quartz-diorite intrusions and adjacent host rocks. The main ore-stage potassic alteration is typically associated with high temperature, hypersaline magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Fluid inclusions with co-existing vapor and brine suggest a boiling phase of two immiscible fluids responsible for the copper ore precipitation. The intensity of potassic alteration and Cu-Fe-sulfide mineralization decreases with the emplacement of late-mineral and late-barren stage quartz-diorite intrusions forming a low grade core in H15 and H14 porphyry deposits. The decline in Cu-Au grades with time is interpreted as a manifestation of the underlying magma chamber depleted in metals and volatiles.
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Micko, Janina. "The geology and genesis of the Central Zone alkalic copper-gold porphyry deposit, Galore Creek district, northwestern British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30497.

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Located in the Late Triassic Galore Creek alkalic Cu-Au porphyry district in northwestern British Columbia, the Central Zone deposit represents the end-member of the silica-undersaturated class of alkalic porphyry systems. The deposit is hosted by volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Middle to Upper Triassic Stuhini Group that were intruded by a syenite-monzonite complex and hydrothermal breccias. Post-mineral tilt (45 to 60° W-SW) provides an opportunity to examine a vertically extensive depth range of the system, and the impact of host rocks and a redox control on the precipitation of sulfide and silicate alteration minerals. Early mineralization associated with potassic alteration is dominated by gold-bearing chalcopyrite + bornite (Cu:Au ~ 2:1). A second gold-poor mineralization event is associated with calc-potassic alteration and dramatically changes the Cu:Au ratio (5:1) in the core of the Central Zone. In general, greatest Cu-Au concentrations overlap lithological contacts characterized by contrasting ferromagnesian mineral content, thus forming redox gradients. Sulfur isotopic compositions emphasize the importance of fO₂ conditions in ore deposition. Sulfides in highly mineralized centers are characterized by moderately negative δ₃₄Ssulfide values (-10.66‰ to -7.84‰), whereas sulfides deposited distally show highly negative δ₃₄Ssulfide values (-17.13‰ to -4.03‰). These data suggest that the interaction of sulfate-rich (SO₄²-(aq)) fluids with varying amounts of Fe²⁺-bearing minerals in host rocks increased H₂S/SO₄²- leading to formation of reduced S, and precipitation of sulfide minerals. Trace elements such as V and As in host rocks and Eu²⁺ in hydrothermal garnet reflect the same redox influence. Vanadium and As are soluble under highly oxidizing conditions. The shift in oxidation state facilitates their incorporation in alteration minerals. Thus, highest V (>700ppm) and As (>40ppm) concentrations form halos distally to the redox gradients and ore bodies. Hydrothermal garnets near lithologic contacts contain excess Eu²⁺. In contrast to V and As, Eu²⁺ is soluble in reduced fO₂ conditions and precipitates close to the redox gradient. This study demonstrates that redox is the dominant control on ore deposition in the Central Zone. Recognizing redox changes may provide a valuable guide for future exploration in the Galore Creek district and perhaps other alkalic Cu-Au porphyry systems worldwide.
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Jago, Christopher Paul. "Metal- and alteration-zoning, and hydrothermal flow paths at the moderately-tilted, silica-saturated Mt. Milligan copper-gold alkalic porphyry deposit." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/609.

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The Mt. Milligan deposit is a tilted (~45°) Cu-Au alkalic porphyry located 155 km northwest of Prince George, B.C., Canada. It is the youngest of the BC alkalic porphyry deposits, all of which formed between 210 to 180 Ma in an extensive belt of K-enriched rocks related to the accretion of the Quesnellia-Stikinia superterrane to ancestral North America. Mt. Milligan has a measured and indicated resource of 205.9 million tonnes at 0.60 g/t Au and 0.25% Cu containing 3.7 million oz. gold, and 1.12 billion lb. copper. Shoshonitic volcanic and volcaniclastic andesites host mineralization. These have been intruded by a composite monzonitic stock (MBX stock), and associated sill (Rainbow Dike). Early disseminated chalcopyrite-magnetite and accessory quartz veins are associated with K-feldspar alteration in the MBX stock. A halo of biotite alteration with less extensive magnetite replaces host rocks within a ~150 m zone surrounding the stock, while K-feldpsar alteration extends along the Rainbow Dike and permeable epiclastic horizons. Peripheral albite-actinolite-epidote assemblages surround the K-silicate zone. Albite-actinolite occurs at depth, and epidote dominates laterally. Copper and Au grade are maximal where the albite-actinolite assemblage overprints biotite alteration. Gold grade is moderate in association with epidote, whereas Cu is depleted. The post-mineral Rainbow Fault separates the core Cu-rich zone from a downthrown Au-rich zone. A similar zonation of metals occurs in the hanging-wall (66 zone), where a Cu-bearing, potassically-altered trachytic horizon transitions to a funnel-shaped zone of pyrite-dolomite-sericite-chlorite alteration with elevated gold. Sulfide S-isotope compositions range from -4.79 δ34S in the central Cu-Au orebody to near-zero values at the system periphery, typical of alkalic porphyries. Sulfur isotope contours reflect the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution, and indicate late-stage ingress of peripheral fluids into the Cu-Au zone. Carbonate C- and O-isotope compositions corroborate the magmatic fluid path from the Cu-Au rich zone to Au-rich zone with decreasing depth. Strontium isotopic compositions of peripheral alteration minerals indicate a laterally increasing meteoric fluid component. Changes in major- and trace element composition of epidote and pyrite across the deposit are also systematic. These provide additional vectors to ore, and confirm the kinematics of the Rainbow Fault.
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Chinyuku, Donald Tichaona. "The Kansanshi Cu-Au deposit, Domes region, Zambia : geology, mineralisation and alteration characteristics in the main pit." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011758.

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The Kansanshi Cu-Au deposit located in the Domes region of the North West province of Zambia is characterised by structurally controlled high angle veins and associated alteration halos. The northwest trending Kansanshi antiform flanks the Solwezi syncline to the north and hosts the Kansanshi deposit and consists of tillites and metasedimentary rocks. Mineralisation is associated with Neoproterozoic Pan African deformation events experienced during the formation of the Lufilian fold belt; however recent findings confirm that structures in the form of reverse and normal faults and drag folds are critical controls on mineralisation within the deposit, Main pit in particular. Low angle faults occurring below the current pit are believed to have served as major fluid pathways during mineralisation. Age dating data from the Kansanshi deposit suggest that mineralisation took place between 512 and 503 Ma indicating that the event was associated with metamorphism. Two types of alteration are dominant within the Main pit (Kansanshi deposit) with the type and intensity of alteration being largely controlled by lithological units. Albite alteration occurs dominantly in phyllites and schists whereas dolomitisation is prevalent in calcareous units. Alteration is associated with mineralisation, and therefore is used as a condition for predicting vein or disseminated mineralisation. The high Au tenor at Kansanshi can be attributed to gold grains occurring in association with melonite (NiTe₂) and microfractured pyrite intergrown with chalcopyrite in sulphide and quartz dominated veins and veinlets. Analysis of gold grade distribution within the Main pit shows a clear concentration of the element along the major north-south trending structures like the 4800 and 5400 zones, possibly through supergene enrichment in the oxide-transition-sulphide zones. It is imperative that exploration for Kansanshi-type deposits will require geochemical and geophysical studies, understanding of the geology of an area to identify the three lithostratigraphic units (red beds, evaporites and reducing strata).
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Tomlinson, David Harris. "Nature and Origin of Fissure Ore at the Porphyry-Epithermal Transition Zone of the Bingham Canyon Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7544.

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Late-stage fissure-filling ore at the world class Bingham Canyon, Utah, porphyry copper deposit has long been recognized, but poorly studied. Physical and chemical characterization of the Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au mineralized fissures in the porphyry-epithermal transition zone provides insight into the origin, timing, and controls of ore deposition. These sheared sulfide-rich fissures are dominated by pyrite and multiple generations of quartz, with lesser amounts of other sulfides and gangue minerals. Au (0.27 to 4.61 ppm) provides the most value to the ore in the transition zone. Host rocks include Eocene monzonite and Paleozoic limestone and quartzite"”all of which can contain economic ore bodies. Associated alteration is predominantly sericitic and argillic. Mineralization into the wall rocks is restricted, not exceeding 1.5 m from the fissure margins. Mineral assemblages vary with distance from the center of the main Cu-Mo deposit and the modal abundances are dependent on host rock. The appearance of both galena and sphalerite (and tennantite to an extent) mark the transition from a porphyry to an epithermal environment. This is accompanied by an increased concentration of chalcophile trace elements in sulfides as determined by EMPA and LA-ICP-MS. Significant hosts of Ag include galena and tennantite, while Cu is hosted primarily in chalcopyrite, tennantite, and sphalerite. Gold does not appear to be hosted in solid solution, but may be focused along fractures or inclusions in pyrite. δ3434S values of fissure pyrite has a narrow range (+2.3 to 3.4‰), while δ18O of quartz is more variable and high (+11.5 to 14.0‰) relative to typical hydrothermal quartz. This can be explained by increased fractionation at lower temperatures in the magmatic fluids, which could have additionally mixed with exchanged 18O-rich meteoric water. Ore grades improve with distance from the center of the deposit; however, this is accompanied by higher concentrations of elements (Pb, As, Bi, etc.) undesirable for downstream processing. The mineralized fissures were created sequentially throughout the formation of the deposit. Initial joints probably formed as a result of the intrusion of a barren equigranular monzonite. The NE orientation of the joints was controlled by the regional stress field, which is more apparent distal to the center of the deposit. A quartz monzonite porphyry then intruded, dilating the joints to allow precipitation of quartz and then pyrite during the Cu-Au-stage of mineralization in the main ore body. After dike-like intrusions of latite porphyry and quartz latite porphyry intruded, galena, sphalerite, and pyrite precipitated to form the Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization. This was followed by late precipitation of chalcopyrite and tennantite (and likely Au mineralization).
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Wanhainen, Christina. "On the origin and evolution of the palaeoproterozoic Aitik Cu-Au-Ag deposit, northern Sweden : a porphyry copper-gold ore, modified by multistage metamorphic-deformational, magmatic-hydrothermal, and IOCG-mineralizing events." Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2005/36.

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Lyons, N. L. "Evidence for magmatic hydrothermal mineralisation at Kanmantoo Copper deposit, South Australia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92910.

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The Kanmantoo Cu-Au deposit is located 55km east of Adelaide, on the eastern edge of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia. It is of Delamerian age and is hosted in the Tapanappa series of the Kanmantoo Group, a pelitic turbidite sequence metamorphosed to amphibolites facies. Models for mineralisation vary from sedimentary exhalative system to epigenetic mineralisation. Despite recent work, the structural evolution of the deposit is largely unknown and this allows for the absence of a definitive model for mineralisation. Detailed face mapping of the 1190RL bench in conjunction with handheld X-Ray Fluorescence Niton gun was adopted to further investigate the relationship between key structural features and element distribution. Micro analysis by petrographic studies, Edax element maps and δ34S isotope analysis was completed to gain understanding into fluid-rock relationships and origin of mineralising fluids. The findings of this study strongly suggest timing of copper mineralisation was associated with the first phase of orogenic extension at 490 ± 3 Ma. The extensional reactivation of compressional D3 shear zones, along with the injection of partially oxidised igneous derived fluids interacting with Fe-rich sediments, allows for the formation of the Kanmantoo magmatic hydrothermal deposit. Sulphur isotope results, and the mapping of magnetite-pyrite-chalcopyrite bearing K-feldspar veins are a very strong evidence of an igneous influence. Cu precipitation is as a result of a cooling oxidised magmatic hydrothermal fluids reacting with Fe in metasediments, and partially interacting with a reducing environment, rather than being directly associated with Fe rich metasomatism. Broad unmineralised zones of chlorite alteration suggest circulation of magmatic hydrothermal fluid with copper mineralisation preferentially precipitating in veins within and adjacent to reactivated D3 shears and D3 antiformal zones.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2012
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Books on the topic "Kanmantoo copper gold deposit"

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Grasberg: Mining the richest and most remote deposit of copper and gold in the world, in the mountains of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. New Orleans, LA: Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, 1996.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Mealey, George A. Grasberg: Mining the Richest and Most Remote Deposit of Copper and Gold in the World, in the Mountains of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Freeport-McMoran Copper & Gold, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Kanmantoo copper gold deposit"

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Mo, X.-X., K.-H. Yang, L.-L. Wang, and G.-C. Dong. "Copper and gold metallogeny in the Tethyan domain in China." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 1247–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_318.

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Chen, Yuchuan, Dequan Liu, Ruhong Zhou, Yanling Tang, Denghong Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Ting Liang. "Discovery of picrite and related iron-copper-gold mineralization in North Junggar, Xinjiang, China." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 1297–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_330.

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Tate, Nicholas M. "Discovery, geology and mineralisation of the Phu Kham copper-gold deposit Lao People’s Democratic Republic." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 1077–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_275.

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Cortes, Antonio. "Comparison of Two Multivariate Grade Simulation Approaches on an Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Deposit." In Geostatistics Valencia 2016, 151–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46819-8_10.

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Li, Jinwen, Rongfu Pei, Dequan Zhang, Yanxiong Mei, Lijuan Wang, and Heping Zhu. "Geochemistry of ore-forming fluids and the enrichment of copper-gold in the Shizishan ore-field, Tongling, Anhui Province, China." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 1145–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_292.

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Ren, Qijang, Bing Fu, Wenxuan Hu, Wenyi Xu, Zhenhao Duan, Nancy Møller, and John H. Weare. "Characteristics of the hydrothermal system of the porphyry copper (gold) deposit at Shaxi, Eastern China." In Water-Rock Interaction, 683–85. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-169.

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Sillitoe, Richard H. "Chapter 1: Gold Deposit Types: An Overview." In Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces, 1–28. Society of Economic Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.23.01.

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Abstract Gold is either the only economically important metal or a major by-product in 11 well-characterized deposit types—paleoplacer, orogenic, porphyry, epithermal, Carlin, placer, reduced intrusion related, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), skarn, carbonate replacement, and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), arguably more than for those of any other metal; it also dominates a number of deposits of uncertain or unknown origin. Major gold concentrations formed worldwide from the Mesoarchean to the Pleistocene, from Earth’s surface to midcrustal paleodepths, alone or in association with silver, base metals, and/or uranium, and from hydrothermal fluids of predominantly metamorphic, magmatic, meteoric, seawater, or, uncommonly, basinal origins, as well as from mafic magma or ambient surface water. Most of the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic deposits unequivocally formed in accretionary orogens. As an introduction to this compilation of the world’s major gold deposits and provinces, this paper provides a thumbnail sketch of each gold deposit type, including geologic and economic characteristics and widely accepted genetic models, as well as briefly discusses aspects of their spatial and temporal associations and distributions.
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Wilson, Alan J., Nick Lisowiec, Cameron Switzer, Anthony C. Harris, Robert A. Creaser, and C. Mark Fanning. "Chapter 11: The Telfer Gold-Copper Deposit, Paterson Province, Western Australia." In Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces, 227–49. Society of Economic Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.23.11.

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Abstract The giant (>20 Moz) Telfer Au-Cu deposit is located in the Paterson Province of Western Australia and is hosted by complexly deformed marine Neoproterozoic metasedimentary siltstones and quartz arenites. The Telfer district also contains magnetite- and ilmenite-series granitoids dated between ca. 645 and 600 Ma and a world-class W skarn deposit associated with the reduced, ~604 Ma O’Callaghans granite. Based on monazite and xenotime U-Pb geochronology, Telfer is estimated to be older than O’Callaghans, forming between 645 and 620 Ma. Au-Cu mineralization at Telfer is hosted in multistage, bedding-parallel quartz-dolomite-pyrite-chalcopyrite reefs and related discordant veins and stockworks of similar composition that were emplaced into two NW-striking doubly plunging anticlines or domes. Mineralization is late orogenic in timing, with hot (≤460°C), saline (<50 wt % NaCl equiv) ore fluids channeled into preexisting domes along a series of shallow, ENE-verging thrust faults and associated fault-propagated fold corridors. A combination of fault-propagated fold corridors acting as fluid conduits below the apex of the Telfer domes and the rheology and chemical contrast between interbedded siltstone and quartz arenite units within the dome are considered key parameters in the formation of the Telfer deposit. Based on the presence of the reduced Au-Cu-W-Bi-Te-Sn-Co-As assemblage, saline and carbonic, high-temperature hydrothermal fluids in Telfer ore, and widespread ilmenite-series granites locally associated with W skarn mineralization, Telfer is considered to be a distal, intrusion-related gold deposit, the high copper content of which may be explained by the predominance of highly saline, magmatic fluids in gangue assemblages cogenetic with ore.
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Leys, Clyde, Adam Schwarz, Mark Cloos, Sugeng Widodo, J. Richard Kyle, and Julius Sirait. "Chapter 29: Grasberg Copper-Gold-(Molybdenum) Deposit: Product of Two Overlapping Porphyry Systems." In Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces, 599–620. Society of Economic Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.23.29.

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Abstract The supergiant Grasberg porphyry deposit in Papua, Indonesia (5.26 Gt @ 0.61% Cu and 0.57 g/t Au, with no cutoff applied) is hosted by the Grasberg Igneous Complex that fills an upward-flared diatreme ~1,800 m wide at the 4,250-m surface elevation. The Grasberg Igneous Complex is emplaced into folded and strike-slip faulted Tertiary and older sediments and comprises 3.6 to 3.3 Ma Dalam monzodiorite intrusions and subordinate volcanic rocks occupying much of the pipe, the central 3.2 Ma Main Grasberg intrusion, and the NW-SE-trending 3.2 to 3.0 Ma Kali dikes. The Grasberg Igneous Complex contains two porphyry systems: Gajah Tidur copper-(molybdenum) and Main Grasberg copper-gold. The Gajah Tidur intrusion belongs to the Dalam igneous group and is a 3.4 Ma porphyritic monzonite with its top at a 2,750-m elevation; it is overprinted by an extensive, domal, quartz stockwork, with a low-grade and intensely phyllic-altered core, surrounded by molybdenite-bearing veins, with a pre-Main Grasberg Re-Os age, as well as chalcopyrite and overprinting pyrite-covellite veins. The strongly potassic-altered, Main Grasberg monzodiorite porphyry extends from surface to the 2,700-m elevation and is overprinted by a cylindrical, ~1-km-diameter, intense quartz-magnetite stockwork cut by abundant chalcopyrite-bornite veins with rare molybdenite dated at 3.09 Ma. A 700-m-wide annulus of chalcopyrite overprinted by pyrite-covellite-mineralized phyllic alteration surrounds the stockwork. Altered and mineralized Main Grasberg and surrounding Dalam rocks were subsequently wedged apart by the largely unmineralized Kali dikes. Gold is predominantly associated with the Main Grasberg porphyry system where it occurs as 1- to 150-µm (avg ~15 µm) native gold inclusions within chalcopyrite and bornite. Melt and fluid inclusions from Main Grasberg stockwork quartz veins, which exhibit crack-seal textures, comprise K-feldspar-rich silicate melt, sulfide melt, virtually water-free salt melt, and coexisting hypersaline and vapor-rich fluids. Factors important in forming the Grasberg deposit include the following: (1) generation of highly oxidized fertile magma in a postsubduction tectonic setting; (2) efficient extraction of metals from the parental magma chamber; (3) prolonged maintenance of a fluid-accumulating cupola in a strike-slip structural setting that delivered multiple overlapping discharges of metal-rich fluid; (4) highly focused fluid flow into a narrow, permeable stockwork zone in which a steep temperature gradient enabled highly efficient copper and gold precipitation and led to high ore grades; (5) limited dilution by postmineral intrusions; (6) the youthfulness of the deposit minimized erosion and resulted in preservation of nearly all the high-grade Main Grasberg porphyry orebody; and (7) the proximity of the two porphyry centers enables them to be mined as a single, large deposit. The Gajah Tidur copper-(molybdenum) and Main Grasberg copper-gold porphyry centers overlap in space and formed within ~250,000 years of one another. However, their distinct metal endowment, depth of emplacement, and geometry indicate that they formed under different magmatic, hydrothermal, and structural conditions, which are the subject of ongoing research.
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Ross, Colin, Jeremy P. Richards, and Ross Sherlock. "Geology, Alteration, and Geochronology of the Cerro Vetas Porphyry Gold-Copper Deposit, Middle Cauca Belt, Colombia." In Tectonomagmatic Influences on Metallogeny and Hydrothermal Ore Deposits: A Tribute to Jeremy P. Richards (Volume II), 311–32. Society of Economic Geologists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.24.17.

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Abstract The Cerro Vetas porphyry deposit is part of the Titiribi district of the Middle Cauca porphyry-epithermal belt of western Colombia. The Cerro Vetas porphyry stock consists of a premineral diorite intruded by a late-mineral quartz monzonite, with intrusion and contact breccias. These units intrude pre-Cenozoic basement metabasalts and schists, Oligocene-Miocene Amagá Formation sedimentary rocks with intercalated andesite flows. Two phases of potassic alteration are recognized, a biotite-dominant phase in the diorite, and secondary K-feldspar in the quartz-monzonite intrusion. An overprinting and grade destructive, calcic-sodic alteration (actinolite + albite ± magnetite) affects both porphyries. Biotite alteration is overprinted by weak-moderate phyllic alteration in the upper 100 m in the deposit. Below 100 m, phyllic alteration assemblages are constrained to structural zones. Mineralization is dominated by a chalcopyrite-gold-pyrite assemblage associated with biotite that is hosted in a truncated stockwork in the apical portion of the deposit with metal ratios typical of a gold-rich copper-gold porphyry. The intrusions were dated, using U-Pb in zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, to between 7.65 to 7.24 Ma, consistent with other deposits in the Middle Cauca belt. Lithologic, alteration, and stratigraphic relationships at the deposit suggest that the Cerro Vetas porphyry was emplaced at shallow depths and that the upper portion of the deposit has been eroded.
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Conference papers on the topic "Kanmantoo copper gold deposit"

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Kostin, Aleksey. "THE KIS-KUEL IRON OXIDE COPPER-GOLD DEPOSIT IN EASTERN YAKUTIA (RUSSIA)." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/1.1/s01.076.

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Li, Guoqing, and Nailian Hu. "Study on the Digital 3D Modeling and Its Application in a Gold & Copper Deposit." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5576657.

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Tarasov, A. V., S. N. Zakharov, K. I. Stepanov, and V. A. Tarasov. "Exploration of a Copper Gold Porphyry Deposit with a Complex of Geophysical and Geochemical Methods." In Saint Petersburg 2010. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145548.

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Hajheidari, M., K. Moshtaghian, S. M. Abtahi Forooshani, and H. Asadi Harooni. "Geophysical Prospecting at Dalli Porphyry Gold-Copper Deposit Via Magnetic and IP/RS Data Inversion." In NSG2020 3rd Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202020137.

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Rodriguez Mustafa, Maria Alejandra, Daniel Blakemore, Adam C. Simon, Robert Holder, Irene del Real, Fernando Barra, Martin Reich, John F. H. Thompson, and Willis E. Hames. "MAGNETITE, APATITE, TITANITE, AND ACTINOLITE GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE CANDELARIA IRON OXIDE - COPPER - GOLD (IOCG) DEPOSIT, CHILE." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-368780.

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Gibson, H., M. Morse, D. FitzGerald, T. Leonard, C. Moorhead, and B. Wake. "Role of advanced geophysical processing in searching for the next giant Gold-Copper deposit in North Sumatra." In 82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202112712.

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Morse, Mike, Des FitzGerald, Jeff Keetley, and Simge Ayfer. "ROLE OF ADVANCED GEOPHYSICAL PROCESSING IN SEARCHING FOR THE NEXT GIANT GOLD-COPPER DEPOSIT IN NORTH SUMATRA." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-371483.

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Paré, Pascal, and Jean M. Legault. "Ground IP‐Resistivity, and airborne Spectrem and helicopter ZTEM survey results over Pebble copper‐moly‐gold porphyry deposit, Alaska." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3513177.

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Luvsannyam, Oyunjargal, Ken-ichiro Hayashi, and Teruyuki Maruoka. "GEOLOGICAL, GEOCHEMICAL AND ORE GENETIC STUDY OF CHANDMANI UUL IRON OXIDE COPPER GOLD (IOCG) DEPOSIT IN DORNOGOBI PROVINCE, SOUTHEASTERN MONGOLIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-332847.

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Mizernaya, M., B. Dyachkov, A. Miroshnikova, and A. Mizerny. "INDUSTRIAL TYPES OF GOLD DEPOSITS OF THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/14.

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The East Kazakhstan territory is the unique geologic province where a number of large-scale non-ferrous and gold deposits are concentrated [1]. Gold base metals (gold-containing) type is represented by gold containing sulphide complex deposits. It is characterized by many large-scale commercial deposits of copper, lead and zinc where gold as well as silver, cadmium, platinum, selenium and other elements are the associate component of copper-sulphide and sulphide complex deposits [2]. There are following ore types are distinguished: gold-listvenite type occurs in the Irtysh zone (Maraliha deposit); the gold-sulphide vein-disseminated type associated with island-arc, volcanogenic-carbonate-terrigenous formation С1v2-3 (Suzdalskoye, Baibura, Mirazh, Zhaima); gold-quartzite type is characterized by gold-quartzite-vein deposits in West Kalba zone (Kuludzhun, Sentash, Kazan-Chunkur and others); gold-arsenic-carbon-bearing type is presented by large, middle and small deposits of Bakyrchik’s group (Bakyrchik, Bolshevik, Gluboky Log and others). Last one is formed on middle-Hercynian collision ore-bearing level (С2-С3) [3]. Multiple-stage concentration of gold contributed to formation of very large deposits. Gold content ranges from is 0.2 to 60 g/t, average is 8-9 g/t. Considerable part of gold is found in micro- and nanoparticles, nanotubes containing Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, W, Mo, Sn, Y, Yb, Ta and other elements [
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Reports on the topic "Kanmantoo copper gold deposit"

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Ross, K. V., K. M. Dawson, C. I. Godwin, and L. Bond. Major lithologies of the Ajax West Pit, and alkalic copper-gold porphyry deposit, Kamloops, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132802.

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Peter, J. M., and S. D. Scott. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Windy Craggy Copper - Cobalt - Gold Massive Sulphide Deposit, northwestern British Columbia Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132328.

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Ross, K. V., K. M. Dawson, C. I. Godwin, and L. Bond. Major lithologies and alteration of the Ajax East Orebody, a sub-alkalic copper-gold porphyry deposit, Kamloops, south-central British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/134195.

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Bellefleur, G., E. Schetselaar, D. Wade, D. White, R. Enkin, and D. R. Schmitt. Analysis of wireline logs and vertical seismic profiling data acquired with fibre-optic cable at the copper-gold New Afton porphyry deposit, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313657.

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Knight, R. D., and B. A. Kjarsgaard. Comparative pXRF and Lab ICP-ES/MS methods for mineral resource assessment, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331239.

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The Geological Survey of Canada undertook a mineral resource assessment for a proposed national park in northern Canada (~ 33,500 km2) spanning the transition from boreal forest to barren lands tundra. Bedrock geology of this region is complex and includes the Archean Slave Craton, the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Rae domain of the Churchill Province, the Paleoproterozoic Thelon and Taltson magmatic-tectonic zones, and the Paleoproterozoic East Arm sedimentary basin. The area has variable mineral potential for lode gold, kimberlite-hosted diamonds, VMS, vein uranium and copper, SEDEX, as well as other deposit types. A comparison of analytical methods was carried out after processing the field collected samples to acquire both the < 2 mm and for the < 0.063 mm size fractions for 241 surficial sediment (till) samples, collected using a 10 x 10 km grid. Analytical methods comprised: 1) aqua regia followed by ICP-MS analysis, 2) 4-acid hot dissolution followed by ICP-ES/MS analysis, 3) lithium metaborate/tetraborate fusion methods followed by ICP-ES for major elements and ICP-MS for trace elements and, 4) portable XRF on dried, non-sieved sediment samples subjected to a granular segregation processing technique (to produce a clay-silt proxy) for seventeen elements (Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, and Zr) Results indicate that pXRF data do not replicate exactly the laboratory 4-acid and fusion data (in terms of precision and accuracy), but the relationship between the datasets is systematic as displayed in x-y scattergrams. Interpolated single element plots indicate that till samples with anomalies of high and low pXRF concentration levels are synonymous with high and low laboratory-based analytical concentration levels, respectively. The pXRF interpolations thus illustrate the regional geochemical trends, and most importantly, the significant geochemical anomalies in the surficial samples. These results indicate that pXRF spectrometry for a subset of elements is comparable to traditional laboratory methods. pXRF spectrometry also provides the benefit of rapid analysis and data acquisition that has a direct influence on real time sampling designs. This information facilitates efficient and cost-effective field projects (i.e. where used to identify regions of interest for high density sampling), and to prioritize samples to be analyzed using traditional geochemical methods. These tactics should increase the efficiency and success of a mineral exploration and/or environmental sampling programs.
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Corriveau, L., J. F. Montreuil, O. Blein, E. Potter, M. Ansari, J. Craven, R. Enkin, et al. Metasomatic iron and alkali calcic (MIAC) system frameworks: a TGI-6 task force to help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329093.

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Australia's and China's resources (e.g. Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag and Bayan Obo REE deposits) highlight how discovery and mining of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide±apatite (IOA) and affiliated primary critical metal deposits in metasomatic iron and alkali-calcic (MIAC) mineral systems can secure a long-term supply of critical metals for Canada and its partners. In Canada, MIAC systems comprise a wide range of undeveloped primary critical metal deposits (e.g. NWT NICO Au-Co-Bi-Cu and Québec HREE-rich Josette deposits). Underexplored settings are parts of metallogenic belts that extend into Australia and the USA. Some settings, such as the Camsell River district explored by the Dene First Nations in the NWT, have infrastructures and 100s of km of historic drill cores. Yet vocabularies for mapping MIAC systems are scanty. Ability to identify metasomatic vectors to ore is fledging. Deposit models based on host rock types, structural controls or metal associations underpin the identification of MIAC-affinities, assessment of systems' full mineral potential and development of robust mineral exploration strategies. This workshop presentation reviews public geoscience research and tools developed by the Targeted Geoscience Initiative to establish the MIAC frameworks of prospective Canadian settings and global mining districts and help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. The knowledge also supports fundamental research, environmental baseline assessment and societal decisions. It fulfills objectives of the Canadian Mineral and Metal Plan and the Critical Mineral Mapping Initiative among others. The GSC-led MIAC research team comprises members of the academic, private and public sectors from Canada, Australia, Europe, USA, China and Dene First Nations. The team's novel alteration mapping protocols, geological, mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical framework tools, and holistic mineral systems and petrophysics models mitigate and solve some of the exploration and geosciences challenges posed by the intricacies of MIAC systems. The group pioneers the use of discriminant alteration diagrams and barcodes, the assembly of a vocab for mapping and core logging, and the provision of field short courses, atlas, photo collections and system-scale field, geochemical, rock physical properties and geophysical datasets are in progress to synthesize shared signatures of Canadian settings and global MIAC mining districts. Research on a metamorphosed MIAC system and metamorphic phase equilibria modelling of alteration facies will provide a foundation for framework mapping and exploration of high-grade metamorphic terranes where surface and near surface resources are still to be discovered and mined as are those of non-metamorphosed MIAC systems.
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