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Academic literature on the topic 'Kangaroos'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Kangaroos"

1

Norbury, GL. "An electrified watering trough that selectively excludes kangaroos." Rangeland Journal 14, no. 1 (1992): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9920003.

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It is generally agreed that the provision of artificial watering points has allowed populations of large kangaroos to increase in the arid and semi-arid rangelands. This study examines the effectiveness of a selective watering device, known as a 'Finlayson Trough', that is designed to exclude kangaroos but allow sheep to drink. The device is a low-lying electrified wire that surrounds a trough and is overstepped by sheep but contacted by a kangaroo's feet or tail. Of the 292 observed attempts at drinking by red kangaroos (Macropus rufis), 99% were unsuccessful. Most shocks were received through the feet. Of the 309 observed attempts at drinking by sheep, minor shocks to the legs were received in 17% of cases. These resulted in only short-term disruptions to drinking. Finlayson Troughs could be used humanely to facilitate commercial kangaroo harvesting by exploiting local concentrations of kangaroos around watering points; to control the distribution of kangaroos in sensitive regenerating areas; or, by gradual implementation, to allow kangaroos to adjust their behaviour to accommodate fewer artificial watering points.

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2

Wright, SM. "Observations of the behaviour of male eastern grey kangaroos when attacked by dingoes." Wildlife Research 20, no. 6 (1993): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930845.

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Interactions between dingoes and male eastern grey kangaroos observed at Wallaby Creek (in northeastern New South Wales) are described. Other than simple flight, large male kangaroos can react to dingoes by defending themselves or fleeing to water. A male kangaroo defended himself during an encounter lasting over 60min. His actions included high-standing, kicking, thumping the tail, and hopping towards and watching the dingo. The encounter was made up of six intense bouts, during which the dingo was within 5m of the kangaroo. Most bouts involved the dingo circling and the kangaroo turning to face the dingo, with the kangaroo's degree of reaction depending on the distance to the dingo. The response of the kangaroo diminished during later bouts. A second kangaroo fled to water when pursued by a dingo and after swimming to shallow water lowered his body so only his head showed. The dingo remained on the bank watching for some time. Both encounters ended with the dingo leaving.

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3

Norbury, GL, and DC Norbury. "The Distribution of Red Kangaroos in Relation to Range Regeneration." Rangeland Journal 15, no. 1 (1993): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930003.

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Pastoralists frequently claim that attempts at range regeneration in arid and semi-arid areas are thwarted by kangaroos. This paper examines the possibility that the impact of kangaroo grazing is exacerbated by an influx of kangaroos onto regeneration sites. The amount of kangaroo dung in a 7500 ha paddock in arid Western Australia increased six-fold over a 15-month period following the removal of sheep. A similar influx was apparent in another destocked paddock that provided unusually high offtake of kangaroos by a commercial shooter. The amount of kangaroo dung remained relatively stable in a control paddock that was stocked. Some areas subject to cultivation and reseeding with native shrubs also showed increased amounts of kangaroo dung, indicating relatively intense kangaroo grazing. Radio-tracking of 46 kangaroos showed them to be mostly sedentary, suggesting that 'invading' kangaroos emerge from the local area. This conclusion is contrary to the widespread view that kangaroos migrate from distant locations. Thus, kangaroo control programs on sensitive areas are likely to be long-lasting because incursions are predominantly from local populations.

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4

Thomsen, D. A., K. Muir, and J. Davies. "Aboriginal perspectives on kangaroo management in South Australia." Rangeland Journal 28, no. 2 (2006): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05028.

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Kangaroos are culturally significant to Aboriginal people but Aboriginal people are generally not involved in kangaroo management or in the kangaroo industry. Our research has provided the first opportunity for Aboriginal people in South Australia to present their perspectives on the commercial harvest of kangaroos. Research methods were qualitative, involving consultations with authoritative Aboriginal people about their perspectives, aspirations, and how they see their rights and interests in relation to the commercial harvest of kangaroos. We found diverse views on this topic from Aboriginal research participants. For some Aboriginal people, strict cultural protocols preclude any involvement in the commercial harvest, but for people from other regions where the cultural laws concerning kangaroos are quite different, there is interest in developing enterprises based on kangaroo harvest. Despite the diversity of views about commercial kangaroo harvest, Aboriginal people across South Australia highly value kangaroos, and want to be included in decision-making processes for kangaroo management. There is potential for appropriate engagement of Aboriginal people in kangaroo management through improved communication, greater understanding and respect for the diversity of Aboriginal perspectives and protocols regarding native wildlife.

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5

Dhakal, Sudip, Jarryd M. Boath, Thi Thu Hao Van, Robert J. Moore, and Ian G. Macreadie. "Siccibacter turicensis from Kangaroo Scats: Possible Implication in Cellulose Digestion." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050635.

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Microbiota in the kangaroo gut degrade cellulose, contributing to the kangaroo’s energy and survival. In this preliminary study, to discover more about the gut microbes that contribute to the survival of kangaroos, cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from kangaroo scats by selection on solidified media containing carboxymethyl cellulose as the main carbon source. One frequently occurring aerobic bacterium was Siccibacter turicensis, a microbe previously isolated in fruit powder and from a patient with angular cheilitis. The whole genome sequence of the kangaroo isolate was obtained using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Its sequence shared 97.98% identity of the S. turicensis Type strain, and the ability of the Type strain to degrade cellulose was confirmed. Analysis of the genomic data focused on the cellulose operon. In addition to genes from the operon, we suggest that a gene following the operon may have an important role in regulating cellulose metabolism by signal transduction. This is the first report of S. turicensis found within microbiota of the animal gut. Because of its frequent presence in the kangaroo gut, we suggest that S. turicensis plays a role in cellulose digestion for kangaroos.

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6

Higginbottom, K., CL Northrope, DB Croft, B. Hill, and E. Fredline. "The role of kangaroos in Australian tourism." Australian Mammalogy 26, no. 1 (2004): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04023.

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Generally absent from the debate on the management of kangaroos (Macropodoidea) is discussion of their role in tourism. This paper examines the role that kangaroos play in Australian tourism, synthesising the findings of four related projects undertaken recently by the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. It investigates the role of kangaroos in tourism marketing imagery, international tourist demand and existing tourism enterprises, and examines opportunities for future development of tourism involving kangaroos. In order to assess these aspects, experimental studies, interviews, visitor surveys, content analysis of advertising material, postal surveys of wildlife professionals and site visits were conducted. The kangaroo was found to be one of the world?s best-recognised tourism icons and to generate positive responses among Americans; yet it is apparently under-utilised in overseas travel brochures designed to attract international tourists to Australia. The use of kangaroos in tourism is already widespread, with over 190 tourism enterprises including kangaroo viewing, and with the kangaroo featuring in organised wildlife tourism more frequently than any other type of animal. However kangaroos are generally just one component of a broader tourism experience. While 18.4% of international visitors are motivated to visit Australia partly because of its native animals, there are very few who would not come otherwise. Kangaroos and koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are by far the most popular animals with international visitors. Most visitors who wished to do so, succeeded in seeing kangaroos during their visit, and most expressed high levels of satisfaction with their wildlife experiences. The most satisfying kangaroo viewing experiences are likely to involve the relatively large, social species of open habitats. However areas where these species are most likely to be abundant mostly score poorly in terms of feasibility of tourism. Tourism is one significant management option for Australia?s kangaroos, and its potential deserves further investigation.

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7

Green-Barber, Jai M., Oselyne T. W. Ong, Anusha Kanuri, Hayley J. Stannard, and Julie M. Old. "Blood constituents of free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 2 (2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17002.

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Baseline haematology, blood chemistry and acute phase protein parameters have not previously been published for free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). Eight eastern grey kangaroos, including three adult males, three adult females and two subadult males from two different populations, were examined. Assays assessed the antibacterial activity of kangaroo serum against one Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. The kangaroo serum had a strong antibacterial response to Klebsiella pneumoniae, and moderate responses to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The presence and level of acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in kangaroos was investigated. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were present in kangaroo serum, but only haptoglobin was elevated in a kangaroo with capture myopathy and necrotic wounds. The findings of this study provide preliminary data on health parameters of free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos. These parameters can be used to assist in assessing health in free-ranging populations.

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8

Klöcker, Ulrike, David B. Croft, and Daniel Ramp. "Frequency and causes of kangaroo - vehicle collisions on an Australian outback highway." Wildlife Research 33, no. 1 (2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04066.

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Kangaroo–vehicle collisions are frequent on Australian highways. Despite high economic costs, detrimental effects on animal welfare, and potential impacts on population viability, little research has been done to investigate the impact of road mortality on kangaroo populations, where and why accidents occur, and how the collisions can be mitigated. We therefore collected data on species (Macropus rufus, M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus, M. robustus), sex and age of kangaroos killed on a 21.2-km bitumenised section of outback highway over 6 months in far western New South Wales, Australia. The spatial and temporal distribution of road-killed kangaroos was investigated in relation to the cover and quality of road-side vegetation, road characteristics, the density of kangaroos along the road, climatic variables and traffic volume. A total of 125 kangaroos were found killed on the road at a rate of 0.03 deaths km–1 day–1. Grey kangaroos of two species (M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus) were under-represented in the road-kill sample in comparison with their proportion in the source population estimated during the day. No bias towards either sex was found. The age structure of road-killed kangaroos was similar to age structures typical of source kangaroo populations. Road-kills mainly occurred in open plains country. In road sections with curves or stock races, road-kill frequencies were higher than expected. Greater cover and greenness of roadside vegetation at the verge probably attracted kangaroos to the road and variation in this vegetation affected the spatial distribution of road-kills. The temporal distribution of road-kills was positively correlated with the volume of night-time traffic. The probability of a kangaroo–vehicle collision increased exponentially with traffic volume. Results are discussed in relation to the potential for mitigation of kangaroo–vehicle collisions.

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9

Wilson, AD. "Forage utilization by sheep and kangaroos in a semi-arid woodland." Rangeland Journal 13, no. 2 (1991): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9910081.

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The utilization of forage species by sheep and western grey kangaroos, and their contribution to the diets of those animals, were determined in a mulga (Acacia aneura) woodland in western New South Wales. Utilization was determined from measurements of forage yield, on pastures that were grazed by either sheep, sheep and kangaroos together or kangaroos, at a range of stocking rates. The sheep and kangaroos had similar preferences for the major grasses, with high utilization of species such as Monachather paradoxa and low utilization of the more fibrous species such as Eragrostis eriopoda. At times of forage abundance, annual and perennial forbs were a major component of sheep diet but a relatively minor component of kangaroo diet. Differences in species preference thus arose mainly in species that were uncommon or of seasonal occurrence. The overall diets of sheep and kangaroos were similar, with a year-round predominance of the same group of perennial grasses such as Thyridolepis mitchelliana. In the treatment where sheep and kangaroos grazed together, kangaroos had access to areas exclosed from sheep and their use of these areas increased with increase in stocking rate. Thus the exclosures received a similar grazing pressure by kangaroos alone, to that of the surrounding paddocks grazed by a mixture of sheep and kangaroos. It is concluded that there is direct competition between sheep and kangaroos for the main forage species. There are also long-term effects of high kangaroo populations on sheep production because the movement of kangaroos to rested paddocks negates any pasture management practice that requires periodic resting of pastures from grazing.

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10

Payne, Alison L., and Peter J. Jarman. "Macropod studies at Wallaby Creek. X. Responses of eastern grey kangaroos to cattle." Wildlife Research 26, no. 2 (1999): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr95037.

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The instantaneous behavioural and spatial responses of eastern grey kangaroos to the presence of cattle were studied at Wallaby Creek, north-eastern New South Wales. Kangaroo groups were distributed closer to cattle groups than would be expected by chance, both at a study-site scale (154-ha) and at a 1-ha scale; large males were recorded on average further from cattle than were smaller males. Nearest-neighbouring kangaroo groups were located such that cattle groups rarely interrupted the lines of sight between them. Observed disturbance and displacement by cattle provoked a minimal response in kangaroos, which fled only tens of metres and soon resumed their previous activity. The presence of cattle had few detectable instantaneous effects on the behaviour of the kangaroos, except to increase their alertness and the feeding time of small (but not large) kangaroo groups. These effects indicate that cattle pose little threat to kangaroos.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kangaroos"

1

Bender, Helena. "Auditory stimuli as a method to deter kangaroos in agricultural and road environments." Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000974.

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2

Coombes, Karen Elizabeth. "The ecology and utilisation of Lumholtz's tree kangaroos Dendrolagus lumholtzi (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), on the Atherton Tablelands, far north Queensland." Thesis, Click here to access, 2005. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40/1/01front.pdf.

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Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus Iumholtzi), one of Australia’s largest folivores and one of only two tree-kangaroo species endemic to Australia and far north Queensland’s Wet Tropics. D. Iumholtzi are most commonly found in the fragmented rainforests that remain within an agricultural matrix in a relatively small area on the Atherton Tablelands. Unfortunately the majority of these fragments are on privately owned land and are not totally protected from clearing, therefore their long-term persistence is threatened by land clearing, further habitat fragmentation and mortality from dogs and cars. Although there have been a few studies on the ecology and habitat use of D. Iumholtzi, our current knowledge is limited. A more comprehensive understanding of spatial and floristic habitat use is essential for the conservation and management of D. Iumholtzi. This study examined the spatial organisation and habitat utilisation of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroos in a Type lb rainforest fragment on the Atherton Tablelands and compared this to earlier studies (Procter-Gray 1985, Newell 1999). The two previous studies were both undertaken on the same spatially restricted rainforest type (Type Sb) only a couple of hundred metres apart, so this study has provided an important expansion of our understanding of D. Iumholtzi ecology across space and rainforest types. There were no significant effects of rainforest type on the home range sizes of D. Iumholtzi (Procter-Gray 1985, Newell 1999, This study). Male D. Iumholtziin this study held home ranges of 2.1 ± 0.7 ha (90% HM) overlapping that of several females but not other males, and females had exclusive home ranges of 2.1 ± 0.8 ha (90% HM) of a similar size to males. However, there was a large amount of variation in female home range sizes (0.1 —4.9 ha). Body weight did not explain this variation in home range sizes. This study also examined structural and floristic characteristics of the habitat and investigated if these could be used to model D. Iumholtzi habitat usage. The structural and floristic characters measured in this study could not be used to determine the focus of habitat usage. This study has shown that there is a more complex association between D. Iumholtzi and its use of habitat other than the structural characters of the habitat. D. Iumholtzi do select specific tree species, but there are strongly expressed individual preferences, similar to other arboreal folivores. The reasons for these specific choices are currently unclear but D. Iumholtzi are likely to choose trees for foliage characters, such as the levels of nutrients or plant defences, rather than for the species at a taxonomic level. This is also consistent with other arboreal folivores such as koalas and leaf-eating monkeys. The determination of which foliar characters are driving tree species or individual tree choice will require further research. This study tested and rejected a number of previous hypotheses regarding the characteristics determining D. Iumholtzi habitat use. They are not edge specialists, do not prefer regrowth or areas with a large variation in canopy height, or areas with high species diversity or density. The gastrointestinal morphology of D. Iumholtzi shares a number of features with other foregut fermenting folivores. Compared to other macropodids, D. Iumholtzi has a large sacciform forestomach and a large overall stomach capacity, and more similar in size and morphology to that of other arboreal foregut fermenting folivores, such as colobine monkeys. It is likely that these characteristics are adaptive for its diet of rainforest leaves. Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroos can be simply aged using a tooth wear index developed during this study. Aging is essential for establishing demographics, such as age specific mortality and fecundity of populations, currently unknown in D. Iumholtzi. Without the ability to age populations we cannot reliably undertake valuable estimations such as population viability analysis, which require these parameters. Additionally, this study has highlighted that not only one rainforest type is important to D. Iumholtzi and that more emphasis should be made on the preservation and restoration of all rainforest types. Furthermore, it is vital that all rainforest fragments including riparian zones, regrowth and corridors and stepping stones, should be conserved, rehabilitated and areas replanted as D. Iumholtzi habitat, as they are crucial to the species long term survival.

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3

Coombes, Karen Elizabeth. "The ecology and habitat utilisation of Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos, Dendrolagus lumholtzi (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), on the Atherton Tablelands, far north Queensland /." Click here to access, 2005. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/40/1/01front.pdf.

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Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus Iumholtzi), one of Australia’s largest folivores and one of only two tree-kangaroo species endemic to Australia and far north Queensland’s Wet Tropics. D. Iumholtzi are most commonly found in the fragmented rainforests that remain within an agricultural matrix in a relatively small area on the Atherton Tablelands. Unfortunately the majority of these fragments are on privately owned land and are not totally protected from clearing, therefore their long-term persistence is threatened by land clearing, further habitat fragmentation and mortality from dogs and cars. Although there have been a few studies on the ecology and habitat use of D. Iumholtzi, our current knowledge is limited. A more comprehensive understanding of spatial and floristic habitat use is essential for the conservation and management of D. Iumholtzi. This study examined the spatial organisation and habitat utilisation of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroos in a Type lb rainforest fragment on the Atherton Tablelands and compared this to earlier studies (Procter-Gray 1985, Newell 1999). The two previous studies were both undertaken on the same spatially restricted rainforest type (Type Sb) only a couple of hundred metres apart, so this study has provided an important expansion of our understanding of D. Iumholtzi ecology across space and rainforest types. There were no significant effects of rainforest type on the home range sizes of D. Iumholtzi (Procter-Gray 1985, Newell 1999, This study). Male D. Iumholtziin this study held home ranges of 2.1 ± 0.7 ha (90% HM) overlapping that of several females but not other males, and females had exclusive home ranges of 2.1 ± 0.8 ha (90% HM) of a similar size to males. However, there was a large amount of variation in female home range sizes (0.1 —4.9 ha). Body weight did not explain this variation in home range sizes. This study also examined structural and floristic characteristics of the habitat and investigated if these could be used to model D. Iumholtzi habitat usage. The structural and floristic characters measured in this study could not be used to determine the focus of habitat usage. This study has shown that there is a more complex association between D. Iumholtzi and its use of habitat other than the structural characters of the habitat. D. Iumholtzi do select specific tree species, but there are strongly expressed individual preferences, similar to other arboreal folivores. The reasons for these specific choices are currently unclear but D. Iumholtzi are likely to choose trees for foliage characters, such as the levels of nutrients or plant defences, rather than for the species at a taxonomic level. This is also consistent with other arboreal folivores such as koalas and leaf-eating monkeys. The determination of which foliar characters are driving tree species or individual tree choice will require further research. This study tested and rejected a number of previous hypotheses regarding the characteristics determining D. Iumholtzi habitat use. They are not edge specialists, do not prefer regrowth or areas with a large variation in canopy height, or areas with high species diversity or density. The gastrointestinal morphology of D. Iumholtzi shares a number of features with other foregut fermenting folivores. Compared to other macropodids, D. Iumholtzi has a large sacciform forestomach and a large overall stomach capacity, and more similar in size and morphology to that of other arboreal foregut fermenting folivores, such as colobine monkeys. It is likely that these characteristics are adaptive for its diet of rainforest leaves. Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroos can be simply aged using a tooth wear index developed during this study. Aging is essential for establishing demographics, such as age specific mortality and fecundity of populations, currently unknown in D. Iumholtzi. Without the ability to age populations we cannot reliably undertake valuable estimations such as population viability analysis, which require these parameters. Additionally, this study has highlighted that not only one rainforest type is important to D. Iumholtzi and that more emphasis should be made on the preservation and restoration of all rainforest types. Furthermore, it is vital that all rainforest fragments including riparian zones, regrowth and corridors and stepping stones, should be conserved, rehabilitated and areas replanted as D. Iumholtzi habitat, as they are crucial to the species long term survival.

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4

Fletcher, Donald Bryden, and N/A. "Population Dynamics of Eastern Grey Kangaroos in Temperate Grasslands." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070808.152438.

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This thesis is about the dynamics of eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) populations and their food supplies in temperate grasslands of south-eastern Australia. It is based on the study of three populations of eastern grey kangaroos inhabiting �warm dry�, �cold dry�, and �warm wet� sites within the Southern Tablelands climatic region. After a pilot survey and methods trial in early 2001, the main period of study was from August 2001 to July 2003. The study populations were found to have the highest densities of any kangaroo populations, 450 to 510 km-2. Their density was the same at the end of the two year study period as at the beginning, in spite of a strong decline in herbage availability due to drought. The eastern grey kangaroo populations were limited according to the predation-sensitive food hypothesis. Fecundity, as the observed proportion of females with late pouch young in spring, was high, in spite of the high kangaroo density and restricted food availability. Age-specific fecundity of a kangaroo sample shot on one of the sites in 1997 to avert starvation was the highest reported for kangaroos. Thus, limitation acted through mortality rather than fecundity. Population growth rate was most sensitive to adult survival but the demographic rate that had the greatest effect in practice was mortality of juveniles, most likely sub-adults. The combination of high fecundity with high mortality of immatures would provide resilience to low levels of imposed mortality and to fertility control. The normal pattern of spring pasture growth was not observed in the drought conditions and few of the recorded increments of growth were of the magnitude considered typical for sites on the southern and central tablelands. Temperature was necessary to predict pasture growth, as well as rainfall, over the previous two months. The best model of pasture growth (lowest AICc) included negative terms for herbage mass, rainfall over the previous two months, and temperature, and a positive term for the interaction between rainfall and temperature. It accounted for 13% more of the variation in the data than did the simpler model of the type used by Robertson (1987a), Caughley (1987) and Choquenot et al. (1998). However this was only 63% of total variation. Re-evaluation of the model based on measurements of pasture growth in more typical (non-drought) conditions is recommended. Grazing had a powerful influence on the biomass of pasture due to the high density of kangaroos. This is a marked difference to many other studies of the type which have been conducted in semi-arid environments where rainfall dominates. The offtake of pasture by kangaroos, as estimated on the research sites by the cage method, was linear on herbage mass. It was of greater magnitude than the more exact estimate of the (curved) functional response from grazedowns in high�quality and low�quality pastures. The widespread recognition of three forms of functional response is inadequate. Both the theoretical basis, and supporting data, have been published for domed, inaccessible residue, and power forms as well (Holling 1966; Noy-Meir 1975; Hassell et al. 1976, 1977; Short 1986; Sabelis 1992). Eastern grey kangaroos had approximately the same Type 2 functional response when consuming either a high quality artificial pasture (Phalaris aquatica), or dry native pasture (Themeda australis) in autumn. Their functional response rose more gradually than those published for red kangaroos and western grey kangaroos in the semi-arid rangelands, and did not satiate at the levels of pasture available. This gradual behaviour of the functional response contributes to continuous stability of the consumer-resource system, as opposed to discontinuous stability. The numerical response was estimated using the ratio equation, assuming an intrinsic rate of increase for eastern grey kangaroos in temperate grasslands of 0.55. There is indirect evidence of effects of predation in the dynamics of the kangaroo populations. This is demonstrated by the positive relationship between r and kangaroo density. Such a relationship can be generated by predation. A desirable future task is to compile estimates of population growth rate and simultaneous estimates of pasture, in the absence of predation, where kangaroo population density is changing, so that the numerical response can be estimated empirically. The management implications arising from this study are numerous and a full account would require a separate report. As one example, kangaroos in these temperate grasslands are on average smaller, eat less, are more numerous, and are more fecund, than would be predicted from other studies (e.g. Caughley et al. 1987). Thus the benefit of shooting each kangaroo, in terms of grass production, is less, or, in other words, more kangaroos have to be shot to achieve a certain level of impact reduction, and the population will recover more quickly, than would have been predicted prior to this study. Secondly, of much importance to managers, the interactive model which can readily be assembled from the products of Chapters 4, 5 and 8, can be used to test a range of management options, and the effect of variation in weather conditions, such as increased or decreased rainfall. For example, the model indicates that commercial harvesting (currently under trial in the region), at the maximum level allowed, results in a sustainable harvest of kangaroos, but does not increase the herbage mass, and only slightly reduces the frequency of crashes when herbage mass falls to low levels. (To demonstrate this with an ecological experiment would require an extremely large investment of research effort.) However, an alternative �national park damage mitigation� formula, which holds kangaroo density to about 1 ha-1, is predicted to increase herbage mass considerably and to reduce the frequency of crashes in herbage mass, but these effects would be achieved at the cost of having to shoot large numbers of kangaroos. Thus, aside from many specific details of kangaroo ecology, the knowledge gained in this study appears to have useful potential to illustrate to managers the dynamic properties of a resource-consumer system, the probabilistic nature of management outcomes, and the consequences of particular kangaroo management proposals.

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5

Fletcher, Don. "Population dynamics of eastern grey kangaroos in temperate grasslands." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20070808.152438/.

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6

Vickery, Karen. "Nutrition of kangaroo young." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1986. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28561.

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The study presented in this thesis is origina] and was compieted by the author. a post—graduate student in the Department of Animal Husbandry. University of Sydney. New South Wales. Austra1ia. under the supervision of Dr. D.M. Waiker.

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7

Potter, Abbey. "Active disease surveillance in kangaroos utilising the commercial harvesting industry." Thesis, Potter, Abbey (2011) Active disease surveillance in kangaroos utilising the commercial harvesting industry. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/8471/.

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The aim of this study was to develop a framework for disease surveillance in one of the Australia’s most abundant macropods using the kangaroo harvesting industry. The impetus for this work arose because wildlife species are considered to play a significant role in the introduction, maintenance and spread of a majority of the world’s emerging infectious diseases yet active disease surveillance is rarely undertaken in these free-ranging populations. The framework developed was trialled by collecting samples and testing them for a number of significant emerging infectious diseases, including Salmonella, Coxiella burnetii and Ross River virus (RRV). Kangaroos have long been suspected of carrying high levels of Salmonella, yet no definitive study has been undertaken to determine the true prevalence of infection in their natural habitat. Faecal samples were collected from 645 western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) from ten different geographical locations throughout Western Australia over a period of 18 months and cultured for Salmonella spp. The estimated prevalence in the animals surveyed was approximately 3.6%. Faecal shedding was greatest following increased periods of rainfall in the April to June quarter. The relatively low prevalence of faecal shedding suggests that kangaroos in their natural habitat support the organism but are unlikely to pose any greater risk of zoonotic infection than other domestic livestock species. Whilst kangaroos have not yet been associated with food-borne outbreaks of disease, serotypes known to cause salmonellosis were isolated in this study, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Muenchen, Kiambu and Saintpaul. Few studies have investigated the role of macropods in the maintenance and transmission of C. burnetii. Paired faecal and serum samples were collected from approximately 1000 western grey kangaroos from across twelve locations throughout Western Australia. An indirect ELISA was used to detect C. burnetii antibodies in serum, whilst quantitative PCR was used to detect C. burnetii DNA in faecal material. The estimated seroprevalence across all sample collection sites was 24.1%, whilst C. burnetii DNA was detected in the faeces of 4.1% of animals surveyed. Seroprevalence was significantly higher following increased periods of rainfall in the 60 days prior to sample collection (p<0.05), with seroprevalence lowest in the October to December quarter. These results suggest that kangaroos are likely reservoirs of the organism in Western Australia, posing a zoonotic threat to industry workers and animal handlers. Ross River virus is Australia’s most common mosquito-borne disease and the western grey kangaroo is suspected of being a significant vertebrate host in the southwest of Western Australia. A total of 2605 serum samples, collected from across fourteen locations throughout the state, were tested for RRV neutralising antibodies. The seroprevalence varied significantly between geographical regions but was estimated to be 44.0% across all sample collection locations. Despite difficulties associated with age-based selection bias introduced through the kangaroo harvesting industry, surveillance within western grey kangaroo populations appears to provide a means of assessing the background risk of RRV for any given location and may assist in improving the capacity to predict future RRV activity.

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Felgenhauer, Katharina, and Iskandar Jahja. "If Kangaroos Had No Tails - Zur Kontrafaktischen Methode in den Sozialwissenschaften." Thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1140508602945-70836.

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Lane, Meg. "Sperm competition and sexual selection in western grey kangaroos Macropus fuliginosus." Thesis, Lane, Meg (2014) Sperm competition and sexual selection in western grey kangaroos Macropus fuliginosus. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25342/.

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Macropods exhibit the second largest sexual dimorphism in body size for any vertebrate, suggesting there is a major role of sexual selection, with the potential for different mating tactics amongst male kangaroos. It is suggested that dominant males invest heavily in large forelimb muscles, which aids in male-male competition, female coercion and increased attractiveness to females, gaining them the majority of matings. A subdominant male may not invest in muscle mass development, but rather rely on other reproductive tactics such as sneaky matings and investment in competitive spermatozoa characteristics; for example more spermatozoa (larger testes) and faster or longer spermatozoa. We examined whether there was a trade-off between investments in forelimb muscle development and sperm competition in the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus). Sperm traits, body mass, and forelimb muscle masses were measured for 35 male M. fuliginosus and an index of ‘muscularity’ was calculated using the residuals of individual muscle masses against body mass. There were no significant relationships between forelimb muscle investment and sperm competition traits. Significant relationships were recorded between relative testes mass and relative epididymis mass (r2 = 0.26, p = 0.003), total motility and progressive motility (r2 = 0.31, p = 0.001) and spermatozoon velocity and spermatozoon head (r2 = 0.47, p < 0.001) and tail lengths (r2 = 0.19, p = 0.011) with the longer spermatozoa swimming slower. These results suggest that there is no evidence for a significant relationship between sperm competition and forelimb muscles. There was no evidence for a trade-off between these two measures of sexual selection, suggesting that these traits are independent of each other.

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com, Nevi Parameswaran@gmail, and Nivethitha (Nevi) Parameswaran. "Toxoplasma gondii in Australian Marsupials." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100203.145857.

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Diagnostic tools were developed and utilised to detect Toxoplasma gondii infection in a range of Australian marsupial species and identify epidemiological trends. An ELISA was developed to detect anti-T. gondii IgG in macropod marsupials. When compared with the commercially available MAT (modified agglutination test), the ELISA was in high agreement and yielded a ê coefficient of 0.96. Of 18 western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA by PCR, the 9 ELISA positive kangaroos tested PCR positive and the 9 ELISA negative kangaroos tested PCR negative indicating that the ELISA protocol was both highly specific and sensitive and correlated 100% with the more labour intensive PCR assay. A T. gondii seroprevalence study was undertaken on free ranging Australian marsupials. There was a T. gondii seroprevalence of 15.5% (95%CI: 10.7-20.3) in western grey kangaroos located in the Perth metropolitan area. The T. gondii seroprevalence in male western grey kangaroos was significantly less than their female counterparts (p=0.038), which may be related to behavioural differences causing differences in exposure to oocysts or recrudescence of T. gondii infection in pregnant females. Marsupial populations located in islands free from felids had a low overall T. gondii seroprevalence. A case control study determined that marsupials located in areas where felids may roam are 14.20 (95%CI: 1.94-103.66) times more likely to be T. gondii seropositive than marsupials located on felid-free islands. PCR, immunohistochemistry and serological techniques were used to detect T. gondii infection in marsupial dams and their offspring. T. gondii DNA was detected in the pouch young of chronically infected western grey kangaroos and a woylie (Bettongia penicillata). T. gondii DNA was also identified in the mammary gland of the woylie dam suggesting that infection of the woylie pouch young was from suckling milk from the mammary gland. Results of the study demonstrate that vertical transmission of T. gondii occurs in Australian marsupials and may be of importance in the maintenance of T. gondii infection in Australian marsupial populations. Animal tissue and meat from Australia, predominately from Australian marsupials, were screened for T. gondii DNA using PCR primers for the multi-copy, T. gondii specific B1 gene. Sequencing of the B1 gene revealed atypical genotypes in 7 out of 13 samples from Australia. These 7 isolates contained single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the B1 gene that could not be matched with known sequences from strains I, II, III and X. Six unique genotypes were identified out of the 7 atypical isolates; two out of the 7 isolates had the same unique sequence at the B1 gene whereas the other 5 isolates each had different combinations of SNPs at the B1 gene. A majority of T. gondii isolates sampled from native Australian marsupials were of an atypical genotype. The discovery of atypical strains of T. gondii in Australia leads to further questions regarding the origin and transmission of these atypical strains. Additional studies linking atypical strains with their clinical manifestation are also warranted.

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Books on the topic "Kangaroos"

1

Markert, Jenny. Kangaroos. [Mankato, Minn.]: Child's World, 1991.

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Waddell, Martin. Kangaroos. Aylesbury: Ginn, 1994.

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Gish, Melissa. Kangaroos. Mankato, Minn: Creative Paperbacks, 2011.

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Burt, Denise. Kangaroos. Minneapolis, MN: Carolrhoda Books, 2000.

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Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select Committee on Animal Welfare. Kangaroos. Canberra: Australian Government Pub. Service, 1988.

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Petty, Kate. Kangaroos. New York: Gloucester Books, 1990.

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Niz, Xavier. Kangaroos. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2005.

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Burt, Denise. Kangaroos. London: Dent, 1989.

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Ripple, William John. Kangaroos. Mankato, Minn: Pebble Books, 2005.

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Schuh, Mari C. Kangaroos. Minneapolis, MN: Jump!, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Kangaroos"

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Williams, Ray. "Kangaroos in Captivity." In Care and Handling of Australian Native Animals, 109–22. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1990.012.

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Lange, Tanja, Christine van Vredendaal, and Marnix Wakker. "Kangaroos in Side-Channel Attacks." In Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications, 104–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16763-3_7.

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Caughley, Graeme, Neil Shepherd, and Jeff Short. "Preface." In Kangaroos, xi—xii. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898082.001.

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"Dedication." In Kangaroos, xiii. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898082.002.

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"THE STUDY AREA IN CONTEXT." In Kangaroos, xiv. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898082.003.

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Caughley, Graeme. "Introduction to the sheep rangelands." In Kangaroos, 1–13. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898082.004.

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Robertson, Graham, Jeff Short, and Greg Wellard. "The environment of the Australian sheep rangelands." In Kangaroos, 14–34. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898082.005.

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Wellard, Greg. "The effect of weather on soil moisture and plant growth in the arid zone." In Kangaroos, 35–49. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898082.006.

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Robertson, Graham. "Plant dynamics." In Kangaroos, 50–68. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898082.007.

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Barker, R. D. "The diet of herbivores in the sheep rangelands." In Kangaroos, 69–83. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898082.008.

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Conference papers on the topic "Kangaroos"

1

Bontekoe, Romke, and Barrie J. Stokes. "Kangaroos in Cambridge." In MaxEnt 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psf2022005022.

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Zhang, Teng, Arnold Wiliem, Graham Hemsony, and Brian C. Lovell. "Detecting kangaroos in the wild: the first step towards automated animal surveillance." In ICASSP 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2015.7178313.

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Curtis, Austin, James Mynderse, and Hamid Vejdani. "Design of a Kangaroo Inspired Hopping Robot for Unrestricted Locomotion and Controller Development." In ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-9083.

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Abstract Inspired by the agility and maneuverability of running kangaroos, a prototype robot was developed using a reduced order model to constrain the system. Both passive and active models were used to understand the relationship between system parameters and gait performance. A frequency response experiment was performed on the prototype to quantify the relationship between design parameters and system responses. Additionally, preliminary tail controllers were tested. Based on the results of the initial platform, a new robot was designed and built as a platform for the study of three dimensional hopping.

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Feng, Yunhe, Wenjun Zhou, Zheng Lu, Zhibo Wang, and Qing Cao. "The World Wants Mangoes and Kangaroos: A Study of New Emoji Requests Based on Thirty Million Tweets." In The World Wide Web Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313728.

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Saunders, Autumn Kimberly, and Larisa R. G. DeSantis. "DIETARY ECOLOGY OF THE LOCAL LANCEFIELD FAUNA IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA: DID THE KANGAROOS DIE FROM A MASSIVE DROUGHT?" In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-313259.

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DeSantis, Larisa R. G., Graeme Coulson, Eva M. Biedron, Lindsey T. Yann, Gregory J. Smith, Elinor Scholtz, Clare Death, Sarah Garnick, and Anna Reside. "THE NECESSITY OF UNDERSTANDING THE PRESENT TO CLARIFY THE PAST: DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF DIET AND ENVIRONMENT ON THE DENTAL MICROWEAR OF KANGAROOS." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-312177.

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Tracey, Dylan, and Hao Zhang. "Design of Passive Lower Limb Exoskeleton to Aid in Injury Mitigation and Muscular Efficiency." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22694.

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Abstract With the duties and responsibilities of the military, they are on the cutting edge of R&D and the latest and greatest technologies. One significant problem effecting thousands of soldiers are injuries to the lower limbs, specifically the knees, as a result of high impact to the joints and muscles. Through the research of biomechanics and ergonomics during human locomotion of running, cause and effects fatigue, muscular activation during running, gait cycle force analysis, and biomimicry of kangaroos, we were able to identify lower limb exoskeletons as a viable solution to the problem. The purpose of this research was to develop a relatively inexpensive prototype of a passive lower limb exoskeleton to aid in injury mitigation and muscular efficiency for soldiers. The hypothesis was that a lower limb exoskeleton would reduce/mitigate injuries by reducing stride length and increases stride frequency to lower impact on the knees while running. The prototype was tested by one participant on a 2-mile course with two load variations tested while running. The key results were seen from the spring systems potential to increase average stride cadence/frequency by 6–14% and reduce impact on joints and muscles by increasing the number of steps and reducing high center of gravity oscillation by 13–27%. Furthermore, this study provides evidence and research that proves that a passive lower limb exoskeleton design, which increases stride frequency and reduces stride length, can mitigate injuries to the lower limbs when running with weight by reducing the impact forces on the knees and improving running economy.

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Mori, Hiroshi, Tomoyuki Fujieda, Kazuhito Shiratori, and Jun'ichi Hoshino. "Kangaroo." In the 2008 International Conference in Advances. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1501750.1501864.

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Aly, Ahmed M., Hazem Elmeleegy, Yan Qi, and Walid Aref. "Kangaroo." In WSDM 2016: Ninth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2835776.2835841.

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McAllister, Sara, Benjamin Berg, Julian Tutuncu-Macias, Juncheng Yang, Sathya Gunasekar, Jimmy Lu, Daniel S. Berger, Nathan Beckmann, and Gregory R. Ganger. "Kangaroo." In SOSP '21: ACM SIGOPS 28th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477132.3483568.

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Reports on the topic "Kangaroos"

1

Patton, Amy, Kylie Dunavan, Kyla Key, Steffani Takahashi, Kathryn Tenner, and Megan Wilson. Reducing Stress, Anxiety, and Depression for NICU Parents. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0012.

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This project aims to appraise evidence of the effectiveness of various practices on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression among parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The project contains six research articles from both national and international journals. Study designs include one meta-analysis, one randomized controlled trial, one small scale randomized controlled trial, one prospective phase lag cohort study, on pretest-posttest study, and one mixed-methods pretest-posttest study. Recommendations for effective interventions were based on best evidence discovered through quality appraisal and study outcomes. All interventions, except for educational programs and Kangaroo Care, resulted in a statistically significant reduction of either stress, anxiety, and/ or depression. Family centered care and mindfulness-based intervention reduced all barriers of interest. There is strong and high-quality evidence for the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on depression, moderate evidence for the effect of activity-based group therapy on anxiety, and promising evidence for the effect of HUG Your Baby on stress.

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Kangaroo mother care may boost the survival of newborn, premature babies. National Institute for Health Research, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000202.

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Second Peace Loan Campaign in Vic. - Mounted bugler, caged lion and kangaroo which paraded Melbourne streets during the Loan raising. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-001832.

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