Relevant bibliographies by topics / Kangaroo Composition

Academic literature on the topic 'Kangaroo Composition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Kangaroo Composition"

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Iles, Jordan, Jeff Kelleway, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Debashish Mazumder, Lisa Knowles, David Priddel, and Neil Saintilan. "Grazing kangaroos act as local recyclers of energy on semiarid floodplains." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 3 (2010): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10020.

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On Australian semiarid floodplains, large herbivores such as kangaroos have a role in the cycling of energy (carbon) through the mechanism of feeding and defaecation of vegetative material. The degree to which kangaroos are vectors of energy within this system is not fully understood. This study describes the stable carbon isotope signature of floodplain plants and kangaroo scats at two close study sites. Kangaroos were found to deposit scats that mirrored the forage composition at each particular feeding site. Scats were 3.94‰ higher in δ13C values at the site where C4 grasses were available, indicating that this grass contributed ~25–30% of the diet of these kangaroos. The difference in diet due to the relative availability of C3 and C4 forage, detectable in the carbon stable isotope signature of scats, is used to demonstrate that kangaroos are recycling and redistributing energy locally, rather than transporting it more broadly across the floodplain.
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Brookman, Tom H., and Stanley H. Ambrose. "Seasonal variation in kangaroo tooth enamel oxygen and carbon isotopes in southern Australia." Quaternary Research 78, no. 2 (June 20, 2012): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.011.

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AbstractSerial sampling of tooth enamel growth increments for carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses of Macropus (kangaroo) teeth was performed to assess the potential for reconstructing paleoseasonality. The carbon isotope composition of tooth enamel apatite carbonate reflects the proportional intake of C3 and C4 vegetation. The oxygen isotopic composition of enamel reflects that of ingested and metabolic water. Tooth enamel forms sequentially from the tip of the crown to the base, so dietary and environmental changes during the tooth's formation can be detected. δ13C and δ18O values were determined for a series of enamel samples drilled from the 3rd and 4th molars of kangaroos that were collected along a 900 km north–south transect in southern Australia. The serial sampling method did not yield pronounced seasonal isotopic variation patterns in Macropus enamel. The full extent of dietary isotopic variation may be obscured by attenuation of the isotopic signal during enamel mineralisation. Brachydont (low-crowned) Macropus teeth may be less sensitive to seasonal variation in isotopic composition due to time-averaging during mineralisation. However, geographic variations observed suggest that there may be potential for tracking latitudinal shifts in vegetation zones and seasonal environmental patterns in response to climate change.
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Coulson, G. "The Influence of population density and habitat on grouping in the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus." Wildlife Research 20, no. 2 (1993): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930151.

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Population density and habitat structure have been identified as influencing grouping patterns in kangaroos, but the separate contributions of each factor have rarely been distinguished. Grouping was examined in the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus, at Hattah-Kulkyne National Park, north-western Victoria, where the population exhibits marked changes in density throughout habitats that provide a range of cover. Group size and population density in each habitat were surveyed at two times of day and at roughly 2-monthly intervals from March 1983 until December 1985. Of the four major habitats, mallee and woodland offered moderate cover, whereas grassland and lake bed gave sparse cover. Visibility of kangaroo groups was highest in the sparse habitats, and was positively related to the size of the group, at least in the lower range of group sizes. At densities up to 40km-2, groups that formed in the sparse habitats were larger than the groups in the two habitats that offered moderate cover. Three habitats (lake bed, grassland and woodland) had more smaller and more larger groups than expected if group formation was a random process. Large males were seen alone more often than expected by chance in lake bed, and less often in moderate cover; females with young-atfoot were over-represented as singletons in all four habitats. The size and composition of groups recorded in this study suggest that the basic components of the social organisation of kangaroos are best discerned in habitats that carry a low population density, but that also provide the most cover.
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L. Goldingay, Ross, Patrick A. Kelly, and Daniel F. Williams. "The Kangaroo Rats of California: endemism and conservation of keystone species." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 1 (1997): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970047.

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This review describes the great diversity and endemism of Kangaroo Rats Dipodomys spp. in California. Many species are formally listed as endangered and others are likely to be listed in the near future. We review recent efforts to conserve these small bipedal rodents. We argue that they deserve special emphasis because they have been shown to play key roles in ecosystem structure and composition. Indeed, many of the plant communities occupied by Kangaroo Rats have now been identified as at risk because of excessive habitat destruction and fragmentation. It is clear that preservation of Kangaroo Rats and their plant communities will not be achieved through simply setting aside blocks of habitat as reserves. Conservation areas will require active management in order to maintain existing biodiversity, but further studies are required to ascertain how best to manage these communities. We believe that Kangaroo Rats are important subjects for management studies and ecosystem monitoring. Preliminary studies of the size of reserves required to maintain viable populations of one species show that despite the often high abundance of Kangaroo Rats (35 animals/ha), large areas (>5 000 ha) will be required. Therefore, considerable biodiversity is likely to be protected by focusing on these species, particularly if conservation and recovery efforts are applied on a regional scale.
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Engel, Kathrin M., Jürgen Schiller, Karin Müller, Dirk Dannenberger, and Ulrike Jakop. "The Phospholipid Composition of Kangaroo Spermatozoa Verified by Mass Spectrometric Lipid Analysis." Lipids 52, no. 10 (August 11, 2017): 857–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-017-4283-9.

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Mitchell, D. Rex, and Stephen Wroe. "Biting mechanics determines craniofacial morphology among extant diprotodont herbivores: dietary predictions for the giant extinct short-faced kangaroo, Simosthenurus occidentalis." Paleobiology 45, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2018.46.

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AbstractLarge herbivores can act as keystone species that strongly influence their communities. During the Pliocene and Pleistocene, Australia was dominated by a number of large to gigantic marsupial herbivore taxa. Many of these have been understudied quantitatively with regard to their ecology; and identifying the diet of these species will improve our understanding of not only their ecologies, but also of past environments. Recent research has found that cranial morphology among kangaroos and wallabies corresponds with foraging behaviors and mechanical properties of preferred plant tissues. Here we apply shape analysis and computational biomechanics to test the hypothesis: that feeding ecology is associated with craniofacial morphology across a taxonomically broad sample of diprotodont herbivores. Based on our results we predict the diet of an extinct short-faced kangaroo, Simosthenurus occidentalis. We find that biting behaviors are reflected in craniofacial morphology, but that these are more a reflection of the hardest bites required for their lifestyle, rather than diet composition alone. A combination of a very short face, robust musculoskeletal features, and dental arrangements predict that S. occidentalis was a browser, capable of consuming particularly resistant, bulky plant matter. These features were largely conserved among other short-faced kangaroos and may have offset the unpredictable availability of quality forage during the climatically variable Pleistocene epoch, contributing to their prolific diversification during this time.
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Davis, Naomi E., Julian Di Stefano, Graeme Coulson, Jim Whelan, and John Wright. "Vegetation management influences habitat use by mammalian herbivores in shrub-encroached grassy woodland." Wildlife Research 43, no. 5 (2016): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15218.

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Context Restoration of disturbed vegetation communities commonly involves altering vegetation composition and structure, attributes that can influence the suitability of habitat for fauna. Feedbacks may occur whereby changes to the vegetation affect mammalian herbivores, and unintended changes may prevent managers from achieving conservation goals. Aims To understand how vegetation management affects habitat use by five mammalian herbivores, namely eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor), common wombat (Vombatus ursinus), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and hog deer (Axis porcinus). Methods A management experiment (mechanical slashing of the encroaching shrub Leptospermum laevigatum) at Wilsons Promontory National Park, Australia, created slashed swales in addition to untreated dune and scrub woodland. In each vegetation stratum, we estimated the cover of L. laevigatum and quantified herbivore abundance by counting the standing crop of faecal pellets. Key results Relative to untreated vegetation, mechanical slashing of L. laevigatum substantially reduced cover of this species above 200 cm, but increased its cover below 30 cm. On the basis of faecal-pellet counts, multispecies use of managed and unmanaged parts of the landscape differed substantially, with the differences principally driven by higher abundance of European rabbits and eastern grey kangaroos at slashed sites. Conclusions The responses of three grazing species (kangaroo, rabbits and wombats) to vegetation management were predicted well by prior knowledge of diet and habitat preferences. This was not the case for the browser (swamp wallaby), nor for the grazer that consumes substantial amounts of browse in the study area (hog deer), and additional knowledge of the processes underlying their responses to vegetation change is required. Implications Our findings highlighted that vegetation management can influence herbivore abundances in the managed system. An improved understanding of these associations will allow vegetation management plans to incorporate herbivore responses.
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Leigh, JH, DH Wood, MD Holgate, A. Slee, and MG Stanger. "Effects of Rabbit and Kangaroo Grazing on Two Semi-Arid Grassland Communities in Central-Western New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 37, no. 5 (1989): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9890375.

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The effects of rabbits and kangaroos, and rabbits alone, on the biomass and species composition of a native grassland dominated by Stipa nitida/nodosa, Danthonia caespitosa and Aristida contorta, and a grassland dominated by the exotic species Hordeum glaucum, Vulpia spp., Medicago laciniata and the native Erodium crinitum growing at Yathong Nature Reserve in central New South Wales was monitored between 1979 and 1985. Rabbits generally favoured the grassy component; kangaroos also favoured grasses but less so. Changes in non-grass species composition due to grazing was generally insignificant. Changes in species composition due to seasonal differences in rainfall was highly significant. No new species appeared on plots exclosed from grazing for 10 years, suggesting that the grazing by livestock, rabbits, and kangaroos in the past has determined the present species composition. The annual biomass consumption by rabbits averaged over 6 years was 100-200 kg ha-1, which is equivalent to reducing the carrying capacity by one sheep for every 2-4 ha rabbit-infested area. In the native grassland the spatial pattern of rabbit grazing, as indicated by faecal pellet distribution, biomass removal, and percentage of 'unpalatable' species in the pasture, shows greatest grazing pressure to be within 50 m of the warren, grazing intensity dropping off from there to 300 m the greatest distance studied. From the start of the study 'palatable' species, especially grasses, were at their lowest density within 50 m of the warren; this appeared to be a historical effect of grazing. No patterns were discernible in the pasture dominated by introduced species. Little change in species composition of these grasslands can be expected under a wide range of grazing pressure, except close to rabbit warrens.
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McDonald, Brandon, Bryce Geiger, and Sarah Vrla. "Ultraviolet vision in Ord’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii)." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 5 (August 18, 2020): 1257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa083.

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Abstract Knowledge of a species’ visual system has far reaching implications that affect our understanding of a species’ ecology and evolutionary history. As a model taxon, the heteromyid rodent genus Dipodomys has been valuable in elucidating patterns and mechanisms in biomechanics, ecology, adaptive physiology, biogeography, and more. Although studied extensively, the visual system of Dipodomys has not been described beyond anecdotal mention of their large eyes. Here, the transmittance parameters of the cornea and lens of Ord’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) were analyzed and photoreceptor proteins (opsins) expressed in the retina were identified with immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling. Retina maps were constructed to illustrate the relative densities of photoreceptor cells expressing short wavelength (SWS1) opsins, middle/long wavelength (MW/LW) opsins, and rhodopsin (RH1). The retina of D. ordii has variable densities of SWS1 opsin with the highest density being ventral to the optic nerve, high density of MW/LW opsin, and uniform distribution and high density of RH1 across the retina. Our results suggest that D. ordii has a UV-sensitive visual system. Composition and densities of MW/LW- and SWS1-expressing cells resemble that of a crepuscular/diurnal species thereby supporting previous authors who have reported such activity patterns. Uniform retinal distribution of RH1 indicates visual acuity at night, also confirming the paradigm of D. ordii as primarily a nocturnal species and suggesting visual acuity at all times of the day in the species. These results demonstrate not only that the species is capable of UV vision and has a retina characteristic of a diurnal mammal, but that many previously unknown photic niche selective advantages likely have shaped the evolution and ecology of this model taxon.
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Christensen, Erica M., Gavin L. Simpson, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. "Established rodent community delays recovery of dominant competitor following experimental disturbance." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1917 (December 11, 2019): 20192269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2269.

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Human activities alter processes that control local biodiversity, causing changes in the abundance and identity of species in ecosystems. However, restoring biodiversity to a previous state is rarely as simple as reintroducing lost species or restoring processes to their pre-disturbance state. Theory suggests that established species can impede shifts in species composition via a variety of mechanisms, including direct interference, pre-empting resources or habitat alteration. These mechanisms can create transitory dynamics that delay convergence to an expected end state. We use an experimental manipulation of a desert rodent community to examine differences in recolonization dynamics of a dominant competitor (kangaroo rats of the genus Dipodomys ) when patches were already occupied by an existing rodent community relative to when patches were empty. Recovery of kangaroo rat populations was slow on plots with an established community, taking approximately 2 years, in contrast with rapid recovery on empty plots with no established residents (approx. three months). These results demonstrate that the presence of an established alternate community inhibits recolonization by new species, even those that should be dominant in the community. This has important implications for understanding how biodiversity may change in the future, and what processes may slow or prevent this change.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kangaroo Composition"

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Phillips, Samantha Elizabeth. "Composition of the Community of Small Mammals in the Great Basin Desert." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6961.

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Small mammals are a keystone guild in arid ecosystems; often exhibiting top-down control of the diversity and structure of plant communities. However, changing climate, shifting fire regimes, and the invasion of exotic plants are modifying the structure of arid systems. Environmental changes in these arid systems are likely altering small mammal communities, and therefore, their ecological role. We examined two aspects of the community composition of small mammals in the Great Basin: changes in community composition since large scale sampling of the region began in 1930, and the current population of a sensitive species of small mammal, the dark kangaroo mouse (Microdipodops megacephalus). In Chapter 1, we compared diversity and composition of present day small mammal communities to communities sampled between the years of 1930 and 1980. We sampled 234 historical locations across the eastern Great Basin region during the summers of 2014 and 2015. Our results indicated that diversity, richness, and evenness of small mammals in the Great Basin have declined significantly over the last century (P=0.002, P=0.03, P=0.002). The relative abundance of generalist species has increased, while specialist species have declined (P<0.001, P<0.001). Also, community composition at each site has changed significantly over the past century. Alterations in the community structure of small mammals may have cascading implications for the future of the Great Basin ecoregion. In Chapter 2, we conducted a region-wide survey for the dark kangaroo mouse in western Utah. Four teams sampled 232 locations across western Utah during the summers of 2014-2015. Of the 232 sites sampled, only 5 sites resulted in dark kangaroo mouse captures, totaling 15 individuals. These results could indicate a state-wide population decline for this species, both compared to historic population levels and to the populations surveyed less than ten years ago. The rapid decline may be a result of habitat degradation associated with invasive plant species and increasing fire frequency, the effects of which are exacerbated by the dark kangaroo mouse's life history as an ecological specialist. Unless large-scale habitat restoration and preservation is conducted for remaining populations, it is likely the dark kangaroo mouse will continue to decline within the state.
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Pavlovitch, S. C. "The isotopic composition of kangaroo teeth as a tracer of migration and a forensic tool." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123527.

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Isotopic analysis of dental and bone tissues can be used to reveal movement and diet in animals. However, the suitability of these methods for tracing migration in an Australian animal has not yet been demonstrated. In this pilot study Sr, C and O isotope profiles were created from 31 individuals selected from four species of kangaroos in South Australia (Macropus rufus, M. fuliginosus, M. giganteous and M. robustus). Primarily, enamel from fourth molars and bone apatite were sampled to document isotopic changes in individuals between the formation of the tissues in the tooth and bone. Variations in the strontium (87Sr/86Sr), carbon (13C) and oxygen (18O) isotopes were used to assess movement of kangaroos across local geological and environmental conditions. Five individuals displayed a marked difference between enamel and bone apatite isotopic composition, indicating movement between distinct geological and environmental regions. The implications of this study to migration reconstruction in the past are discussed
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2009
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Books on the topic "Kangaroo Composition"

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maze, nursery. Kangaroo Composition Book. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishing, Creative Expression. Composition Book: Wide Ruled Primary Composition Book Cute Kangaroo Design. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishing, Creative Expression. Composition Book: Wide Ruled Primary Composition Book Cute Kangaroo Design. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishing, Creative Expression. Composition Book: Wide Ruled Primary Composition Book Cute Kangaroo Design. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishing, Creative Expression. Composition Book: Wide Ruled Primary Composition Book Cute Kangaroo Design. Independently Published, 2019.

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Kangaroo, Hippity Hoppity. Kangaroo Composition Notebook: Wide Ruled. 100+ Pages. a Workbook / Journal / Gift for Kangaroo Lovers. Independently Published, 2021.

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Novelty, Blue Cloud. Always Be Yourself Unless You Can Be a Kangaroo Then Be a Kangaroo: Unruled Composition Book. Independently Published, 2018.

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School, Amanda. Primary Composition Notebook: Kangaroo, Half Page Dotted Midline Creative Picture Notebook Early Childhood, Pretty Kangaroo, to Write and Draw Journal, Perfect for Kangaroo Lovers. Independently Published, 2021.

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Chus, Janne Gohar Jelle. Just a Girl Who Loves Kangaroo: Lined Notebook Gift Girls Who Love Kangaroo, Composition Notebook Gift for Girls. Independently Published, 2021.

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Kaitoun, Jhon. Kangaroo Composition Notebook: Composition Notebook College Ruled 7. 5x9. 25 120 Pages for Kids, Teens, and Adults. Independently Published, 2021.

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