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Academic literature on the topic 'Kakapo'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Kakapo"

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Waite, David W., Daryl K. Eason, and Michael W. Taylor. "Influence of Hand Rearing and Bird Age on the Fecal Microbiota of the Critically Endangered Kakapo." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 15 (May 16, 2014): 4650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00975-14.

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ABSTRACTThe critically endangered New Zealand parrot, the kakapo, is subject to an intensive management regime aiming to maintain bird health and boost population size. Newly hatched kakapo chicks are subjected to human intervention and are frequently placed in captivity throughout their formative months. Hand rearing greatly reduces mortality among juveniles, but the potential long-term impact on the kakapo gut microbiota is uncertain. To track development of the kakapo gut microbiota, fecal samples from healthy, prefledged juvenile kakapos, as well as from unrelated adults, were analyzed by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. Following the original sampling, juvenile kakapos underwent a period of captivity, so further sampling during and after captivity aimed to elucidate the impact of captivity on the juvenile gut microbiota. Variation in the fecal microbiota over a year was also investigated, with resampling of the original juvenile population. Amplicon pyrosequencing revealed a juvenile fecal microbiota enriched with particular lactic acid bacteria compared to the microbiota of adults, although the overall community structure did not differ significantly among kakapos of different ages. The abundance of key operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was correlated with antibiotic treatment and captivity, although the importance of these factors could not be proven unequivocally within the bounds of this study. Finally, the microbial community structure of juvenile and adult kakapos changed over time, reinforcing the need for continual monitoring of the microbiota as part of regular health screening.
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Fidler, Andrew E., Stephen B. Lawrence, and Kenneth P. McNatty. "VIEWPOINT. An hypothesis to explain the linkage between kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) breeding and the mast fruiting of their food trees." Wildlife Research 35, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07148.

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An important goal in the intensive conservation management of New Zealand’s critically endangered nocturnal parrot, kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), is to increase the frequency of breeding attempts. Kakapo breeding does not occur annually but rather correlates with 3–5-year cycles in ‘mast’ seeding/fruiting of kakapo food plants, most notably podocarps such as rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum). Here we advance a hypothetical mechanism for the linking of kakapo breeding with such ‘mast’ seeding/fruiting. The essence of the hypothesis is that exposure to low levels of dietary phytochemicals may, in combination with hepatic gene ‘memory’, sensitise egg yolk protein genes, expressed in female kakapo livers, to oestrogens derived from developing ovarian follicles. Only in those years when the egg yolk protein genes have been sufficiently ‘pre-sensitised’ by dietary chemicals do kakapo ovarian follicles develop to ovulation and egg-laying occurs. While speculative, this hypothesis is both physiologically and evolutionarily plausible and suggests both future research directions and relatively simple interventions that may afford conservation workers some influence over kakapo breeding frequency.
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Strumpf, Dan, and Talila Volk. "Kakapo, a Novel Cytoskeletal-associated Protein Is Essential for the Restricted Localization of the Neuregulin-like Factor, Vein, at the Muscle–Tendon Junction Site." Journal of Cell Biology 143, no. 5 (November 30, 1998): 1259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.5.1259.

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In the Drosophila embryo, the correct association of muscles with their specific tendon cells is achieved through reciprocal interactions between these two distinct cell types. Tendon cell differentiation is initiated by activation of the EGF-receptor signaling pathway within these cells by Vein, a neuregulin-like factor secreted by the approaching myotube. Here, we describe the cloning and the molecular and genetic analyses of kakapo, a Drosophila gene, expressed in the tendons, that is essential for muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation. Kakapo is a large intracellular protein and contains structural domains also found in cytoskeletal-related vertebrate proteins (including plakin, dystrophin, and Gas2 family members). kakapo mutant embryos exhibit abnormal muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation. A major defect in the kakapo mutant tendon cells is the failure of Vein to be localized at the muscle–tendon junctional site; instead, Vein is dispersed and its levels are reduced. This may lead to aberrant differentiation of tendon cells and consequently to the kakapo mutant deranged somatic muscle phenotype.
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Prokop, Andreas, Jay Uhler, John Roote, and Michael Bate. "The kakapo Mutation Affects Terminal Arborization and Central Dendritic Sprouting of Drosophila Motorneurons." Journal of Cell Biology 143, no. 5 (November 30, 1998): 1283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.5.1283.

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The lethal mutation l(2)CA4 causes specific defects in local growth of neuronal processes. We uncovered four alleles of l(2)CA4 and mapped it to bands 50A-C on the polytene chromosomes and found it to be allelic to kakapo (Prout et al. 1997. Genetics. 146:275– 285). In embryos carrying our kakapo mutant alleles, motorneurons form correct nerve branches, showing that long distance growth of neuronal processes is unaffected. However, neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) fail to form normal local arbors on their target muscles and are significantly reduced in size. In agreement with this finding, antibodies against kakapo (Gregory and Brown. 1998. J. Cell Biol. 143:1271–1282) detect a specific epitope at all or most Drosophila NMJs. Within the central nervous system of kakapo mutant embryos, neuronal dendrites of the RP3 motorneuron form at correct positions, but are significantly reduced in size. At the subcellular level we demonstrate two phenotypes potentially responsible for the defects in neuronal branching: first, transmembrane proteins, which can play important roles in neuronal growth regulation, are incorrectly localized along neuronal processes. Second, microtubules play an important role in neuronal growth, and kakapo appears to be required for their organization in certain ectodermal cells: On the one hand, kakapo mutant embryos exhibit impaired microtubule organization within epidermal cells leading to detachment of muscles from the cuticle. On the other, a specific type of sensory neuron (scolopidial neurons) shows defects in microtubule organization and detaches from its support cells.
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Gregory, Stephen L., and Nicholas H. Brown. "kakapo, a Gene Required for Adhesion Between and Within Cell Layers in Drosophila, Encodes a Large Cytoskeletal Linker Protein Related to Plectin and Dystrophin." Journal of Cell Biology 143, no. 5 (November 30, 1998): 1271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.5.1271.

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Mutations in kakapo were recovered in genetic screens designed to isolate genes required for integrin-mediated adhesion in Drosophila. We cloned the gene and found that it encodes a large protein (>5,000 amino acids) that is highly similar to plectin and BPAG1 over the first 1,000–amino acid region, and contains within this region an α-actinin type actin-binding domain. A central region containing dystrophin-like repeats is followed by a carboxy domain that is distinct from plectin and dystrophin, having neither the intermediate filament-binding domain of plectin nor the dystroglycan/syntrophin-binding domain of dystrophin. Instead, Kakapo has a carboxy terminus similar to the growth arrest–specific protein Gas2. Kakapo is strongly expressed late during embryogenesis at the most prominent site of position-specific integrin adhesion, the muscle attachment sites. It is concentrated at apical and basal surfaces of epidermal muscle attachment cells, at the termini of the prominent microtubule bundles, and is required in these cells for strong attachment to muscles. Kakapo is also expressed more widely at a lower level where it is essential for epidermal cell layer stability. These results suggest that the Kakapo protein forms essential links among integrins, actin, and microtubules.
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Chambers, Charlotte N. L., and Michelle E. Main. "Between “Wild” and “Tame”: Placing Encounters with Sirocco the Kakapo Parrot in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Society & Animals 22, no. 1 (2014): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341319.

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Abstract This article explores different dynamics and spatialities of nonhuman animal encounters to illuminate important intersections between place and human-animal relations. The article focuses on Sirocco the Kakapo, an endangered New Zealand parrot, who due to illness as a chick was hand-reared in isolation from other Kakapo. Informed by qualitative research, data was gathered through interviewing those involved in the Kakapo Recovery Programme and from Internet websites and publications featuring Sirocco. Based on this research, it can be demonstrated how Sirocco, unlike his fellow Kakapo, is a bird who can traverse the seemingly clear-cut and spatially inscribed boundaries between “wild” and “tame,” between “human” and “animal,” and between “wild” and “domestic” places. Drawing upon relational theories of space and place in human geography, the case of Sirocco is used to interrogate and inform theorizations concerning the place of nonhuman animals in both spatial and conceptual terms. Sirocco’s story illuminates the complex and heterogeneous relations of encounter that stretch between New Zealand’s wild and domestic places, which in turn rely upon particular notions of wild and tame and prescribed relations between humans and “wild animals” that inhere in conservation practice more broadly.
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Sutherland, William J. "Science, sex and the kakapo." Nature 419, no. 6904 (September 2002): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/419265a.

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Clout, Mick N., and Don V. Merton. "Saving the Kakapo: the conservation of the world's most peculiar parrot." Bird Conservation International 8, no. 3 (September 1998): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001933.

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SummaryWe review the conservation history and describe the current status of the Kakapo Strigops habroptilus, a large New Zealand parrot which has been reduced to only 54 individuals through predation by introduced mammals, and is now threatened with extinction. Unique amongst parrots, Kakapo are both flightless and nocturnal. They have an unusual mating system in which females nest and raise their young unaided by males, after mating at traditional “courts” at which males display visually and vocally. Mating occurs naturally only in seasons of heavy fruiting of podocarp trees. A decline in range and abundance of Kakapo followed the introduction of alien mammals last century, and culminated in their reduction to a single breeding population on Stewart Island. Following a severe episode of predation by feral cats Felis catus, all known birds from this last population were translocated to a series of cat-free offshore islands. Adult survival on these island sanctuaries has been high (c. 98% per annum), but productivity has been low, with only six young (including a single female) raised to independence since 1982. Reasons for this low productivity are the naturally intermittent breeding of Kakapo, the low numbers of nesting females, high rates of egg infertility (~ 40%), and the early death of most nestlings through starvation or suspected predation by Polynesian rats Rattus exulans. These rats are present on both of the island sanctuaries where nesting has occurred. The Kakapo sex ratio is biased in favour of males (34:20) and only 8 of the 19 adult females are known to have laid fertile eggs in the past 10 years. Management of all remaining birds is now highly intensive, involving radio-tagging of all individuals, the provision of supplementary food, attempts to manipulate matings, nest surveillance, and protection against rat predation.
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Wilson, Clare. "Kakapo parrots see off bad genes." New Scientist 251, no. 3352 (September 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(21)01642-0.

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Johnston, Peter, and Kieren J. Mitchell. "Contrasting Patterns of Sensory Adaptation in Living and Extinct Flightless Birds." Diversity 13, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110538.

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Avian cranial anatomy is constrained by the competing (or complementary) requirements and costs of various facial, muscular, sensory, and central neural structures. However, these constraints may operate differently in flighted versus flightless birds. We investigated cranial sense organ morphology in four lineages of flightless birds: kiwi (Apteryx), the Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), and the extinct moa (Dinornithiformes) from New Zealand; and the extinct elephant birds from Madagascar (Aepyornithidae). Scleral ring and eye measurements suggest that the Upland Moa (Megalapteryx didinus) was diurnal, while measurements for the Kakapo are consistent with nocturnality. Kiwi are olfactory specialists, though here we postulate that retronasal olfaction is the dominant olfactory route in this lineage. We suggest that the Upland Moa and aepyornithids were also olfactory specialists; the former additionally displaying prominent bill tip sensory organs implicated in mechanoreception. Finally, the relative size of the endosseous cochlear duct revealed that the Upland Moa had a well-developed hearing sensitivity range, while the sensitivity of the kiwi, Kakapo, and aepyornithids was diminished. Together, our results reveal contrasting sensory strategies among extant and extinct flightless birds. More detailed characterisation of sensory capacities and cranial anatomy in extant birds may refine our ability to make accurate inferences about the sensory capacities of fossil taxa.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kakapo"

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Horn, Thorsten. "Telomere length of kakapo and other New Zealand birds : assessment of methods and applications." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3329.

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The age structure of populations is an important and often unresolved factor in ecology and wildlife management. Parameters like onset of reproduction and senescence, reproductive success and survival rate are tightly correlated with age. Unfortunately, age information of wild animals is not easy to obtain, especially for birds, where few anatomical markers of age exist. Longitudinal age data from birds banded as chicks are rare, particularly in long lived species. Age estimation in such species would be extremely useful as their long life span typically indicates slow population growth and potentially the need for protection and conservation. Telomere length change has been suggested as a universal marker for ageing vertebrates and potentially other animals. This method, termed molecular ageing, is based on a shortening of telomeres with each cell division. In birds, the telomere length of erythrocytes has been reported to decline with age, as the founder cells (haematopoietic stem cells) divide to renew circulating red blood cells. I measured telomere length in kakapo, the world largest parrot and four other bird species (Buller’s albatross, kea, New Zealand robin and saddleback) using telomere restriction fragment analysis (TRF) to assess the potential for molecular ageing in these species. After providing an overview of methods to measure telomere length, I describe how one of them (TRF) measures telomere length by quantifying the size distribution of terminal restriction fragments using southern blot of in-gel hybridization (Chapter 2). Although TRF is currently the ‘gold standard’ to measure telomere length, it suffers from various technical problems that can compromise precision and accuracy of telomere length estimation. In addition, there are many variations of the protocol, complicating comparisons between publications. I focused on TRF analysis using a non-radioactive probe, because it does not require special precautions associated with handling and disposing of radioactive material and therefore is more suitable for ecology laboratories that typically do not have a strong molecular biology infrastructure. However, most of my findings can be applied to both, radioactive and nonradioactive TRF variants. I tested how sample storage, choice of restriction enzyme, gel Abstract II electrophoresis and choice of hybridization buffer can influence the results. Finally, I show how image analysis (e.g. background correction, gel calibration, formula to calculate telomere length and the analysis window) can not only change the magnitude of estimated telomere length, but also their correlation to each other. Based on these findings, I present and discuss an extensive list of methodological difficulties associated with TRF and present a protocol to obtain reliable and reproducible results. Using this optimized protocol, I then measured telomere length of 68 kakapo (Chapter 3). Almost half of the current kakapo population consists of birds that were captured as adults, hence only their minimum age is known (i.e. time from when they were found +5 years to reach adulthood). Although molecular ageing might not be able to predict chronological age accurately, as calibrated with minimum age of some birds, it should be able to compare relative age between birds. Recently, the oldest kakapo (Richard Henry) was found to show signs of reproductive senescence. The age (or telomere length) difference to Richard Henry could have been used to approximate the remaining reproductive time span for other birds. Unfortunately, there was no change of telomere length with age in cross sectional and longitudinal samples. Analysis of fitness data available for kakapo yielded correlations between telomere length and fledging success, but they were weak and disappeared when the most influential bird was excluded from analysis. The heavy management and small numbers of kakapo make conclusions about fitness and telomere length difficult and highly speculative. However, telomere length of mothers and their chicks were significantly correlated, a phenomena not previously observed in any bird. To test if the lack of telomere loss with age is specific to kakapo, I measured telomere length of one of its closest relatives: the kea (Chapter 4). Like kakapo, telomere length did not show any correlation with age. I then further assessed the usefulness of molecular ageing in birds using only chicks and very old birds to estimate the maximum TL range in an additional long lived (Buller’s albatross) and two shorter lived species (NZ robin and saddleback). In these Abstract III species, telomere length was on average higher in chicks than in adults. However, age matched individuals showed high variations in telomere length, such that age dependent and independent telomere length could not be distinguished. These data and published results from other bird species, coupled with the limitations of methodology I have identified (Chapter 2), indicate that molecular ageing does not work in most (if not all) birds in its current suggested form. Another way to measure telomere length is telomere Q-PCR, a real-time PCR based method. Measurement of the same kakapo samples with TRF and Q-PCR did not result in comparable results (Chapter 4). Through experimentation I found that differences in amplification efficiency between samples lead to unreliable estimation of telomere length using telomere Q-PCR. These differences were caused by inhibitors present in the samples. The problem of differential amplification efficiency in Q-PCR, while known, is largely ignored by the scientific community. Although some methods have been suggested to correct for differing efficiency, most of these introduce more error than they eliminate. I developed and applied an assay based on internal standard oligonucleotides that was able to corrected EDTA induced quantification errors of up to 70% with high precision and accuracy (Chapter 5). The method, however, failed when tested with other inhibitors commonly found in DNA samples extracted from blood (i.e. SDS, heparin, urea and FeCl3). PCR inhibition was highly selective in the probe-polymerase system I used, inhibiting amplification of genomic DNA, but not amplification of internal oligonucleotide or plasmid standards in the same reaction. Internal standards are a key feature of most diagnostic PCR assays to identify false negatives arising from amplification inhibition. The differential response to inhibition I identified greatly compromises the accuracy of these assays. Consequently, I strongly recommend that researchers using PCR assays with internal standards should verify that the target DNA and internal standard actually respond similarly to common inhibitors.
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Whitehead, Joanna K. "Breeding success of adult female kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) on Codfish Island (Whenua Hou) : correlations with foraging home ranges and habitat selection." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/640.

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Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) are a flightless, nocturnal parrot endemic to New Zealand. Thought to be extinct within their natural range, kakapo are currently listed as nationally critical. The current population of 86 individuals is managed by the Department of Conservation’s National Kakapo Team on two offshore islands in southern New Zealand, with all females of breeding age on Codfish Island (Whenua Hou). Kakapo only breed once every two to five years, coinciding with the mast fruiting of specific plant species. On Codfish Island, the proportion of adult female kakapo that breed in rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) fruiting years is dependent on the quantity of fruit produced, with fewer females attempting to breed during low mast years. The purpose of this research is to investigate why only some adult female kakapo breed in low rimu fruiting years on Codfish Island, specifically assessing if foraging home range size and/or habitat selection influence breeding. A total of 506 location points were collected at night for 18 adult female kakapo between March and May 2006. These were used to estimate foraging home ranges and to assess if kakapo select for particular types of vegetation. Ecological Niche Factor Analysis was used to determine the relative importance of habitat variables in the distribution of female kakapo and to predict areas of suitable breeding habitat when rimu fruit is limited. The breeding success of individuals in 2005, a low rimu mast year, was used to identify if differences in home ranges or habitat selection occurred between breeding and non-breeding females. The large variation in foraging home range sizes recorded in this research was consistent with previous studies. Foraging home range sizes were on average twice the size for breeders than for non-breeders, suggesting that adult female kakapo may be limited in their ability to breed by the size of the area they occupy. Adult female kakapo did not randomly use vegetation on Codfish Island as some vegetation types were not used, while others were common inside foraging home ranges. Adult female kakapo utilise a broad niche and are capable of surviving in a wide range of habitats. However, breeding females were more specialised in their niche requirements than non-breeders, with breeders utilising areas with higher abundances of mature rimu trees. Females occurred in high elevation, flat areas of the island but this may have been because this is where appropriate vegetation types occurred. During low rimu mast years, breeding adult females were predicted to occupy habitat in high elevation, plateau areas with a high abundance of rimu. Areas identified as sub-optimal habitat for breeding included the coastal areas, the lower elevation area of the main valley and some ridgelines. The home ranges of all 10 breeding females contained some optimal habitat, while females who did not breed were more likely to be located in sub-optimal habitat. Although there were significant areas of optimal breeding habitat not occupied by adult female kakapo, other kakapo may have been present in these areas. To increase the proportion of females that breed in low rimu mast years, it may be necessary to remove sub-adult females or surplus adult males living in optimal breeding habitat from the island. Alternatively, females in sub-optimal breeding habitat could be fed supplementary foods or transferred to other islands where there is unoccupied suitable breeding habitat available.
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Joyce, Leigh, and n/a. "Movement patterns, home range and habitat selection by Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus, Gray 1845) following translocation to Pearl Island, southern New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Botany, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090409.135626.

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Understanding the relationship between organisms and their environment is particularly important for the conservation and management of endangered species. The kakapo (Strigops habroptilus, Gray 1845) is a critically endangered, lek breeding, flightless nocturnal parrot endemic to New Zealand. In April 1998, a total population of fifty-six kakapo was known to survive on offshore islands. Twenty-six kakapo, thirteen males and thirteen females, were temporarily transferred to Pearl Island (518 ha), southern Stewart Island, from April 1998 to April 1999. The translocation of kakapo to Pearl Island, and subsequent breeding season, provided an ideal experimental framework to study kakapo dispersal, movement patterns, home range development, habitat selection, and lek development during the non-breeding and breeding seasons. A total of 4425 radio locations were analysed for all twenty-six birds, with a mean error polygon of 0.03 ha and an estimated average radio telemetry error of 21.6 m. Various home range analysis techniques were used to estimate kakapo home range size and overlap including: minimum convex polygons (MCP), modified minimum convex polygons (MMCP), harmonic mean analysis, adaptive kernel methods and cluster analysis. Estimates of kakapo home range size differed significantly depending on the method used (ANOVA, general linear model: F₁₃, ₁₀₇₆ = 63.99, p < 0.0001) and the season (F₂, ₁₀₇₆ = 160.75, p < 0.0001). Breeding home range size was significantly larger than non-breeding range size (mean difference = 67.6 ha, t₂₅ = 15.27, p < 0.0001). Calculations from 100% MCP and 95% harmonic mean analysis resulted in larger estimates of home range size and overlap compared to other methods. Cluster and kernel analyses appeared to give the most accurate home range representation for kakapo. Core home range areas showed a greater degree of similarity between methods. Male and female mean annual home range size did not differ significantly, whereas males had significantly (p < 0.05) larger home ranges than females during the nonbreeding season. Minimum convex polygons and harmonic mean analysis suggested that there was no significant difference in the way in which males and females interacted with each other. Kernel and cluster analyses indicated that females would overlap a greater proportion of another bird�s home range than males would. Cluster analysis also indicated that a female would have more of her home range occupied by another bird than a male would. The fact that different methods produced different quantitative results is an important consideration when using home range analysis to make conservation management decisions. Researchers must determine which method is the most appropriate for a particular research objective, species, or study area. The application of geographical information systems, ERDAS image classification techniques and global positioning systems was an integral part of this study. A large-scale vegetation classification map of Pearl Island was produced in order to quantify habitat selection by kakapo. The unsupervised classification technique produced the least accurate vegetation map, with an accuracy measure of 17-23%, compared to 52% for the supervised classification. The highest accuracy was obtained using an integrated approach involving inductive classification and deductive mapping, resulting in a vegetation classification map which correctly classified 95% of vegetation samples. Thirty-seven ecotone classes were identified and a total ecotone length of approximately 124 km was detected. Resource selection ratios and resource selection functions were estimated using a combination of discrete, continuous and area-based habitat variables. Circular buffers around used and available point locations were generated to determine whether kakapo selectively use vegetation mosaics. The probability of selection increased with increasing species diversity in each 75-metre radius buffer. Kakapo selected habitat mosaics and vegetation types with higher species diversity and moderate to high abundance of mature rimu and yellow silver pine trees.
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Cowan, H. A. "An evaluation of the late Quaternary displacements and seismic hazard associated with the Hope and Kakapo faults, Amuri district, North Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10099.

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The Amuri Earthquake of September 1, 1888 (magnitude M = 6.5 to 6.8) occurred on the Hope River Segment of the Hope Fault west of Hanmer Plains. The earthquake was felt strongly in North Canterbury and North Westland and caused considerable property damage and landsliding in the Lower Hope Valley. However, damage reports and the spatial distribution of felt intensities emphasize extreme variations in seismic effects over short distances, probably due to topographic focusing and local ground conditions. Significant variations in lateral fault displacement occurred at secondary fault segment boundaries (side-steps and bends in the fault trace) during the 1888 earthquake. This historical spatial variation in lateral slip is matched by the Late Quaternary geomorphic distribution of slip on the Hope River Segment of the Hope Fault. Trenching studies at two sites on the Hope Fault have also identified evidence for five pre-historic earthquakes of similar magnitude to the 1888 earthquake and an average recurrence interval of 134 ± 27 years between events. Magnitude estimates for the 1888 earthquake are combined with a. strong ground motion attenuation expression to provide an estimate of potential ground accelerations in Amuri District during-future earthquakes on the Hope River Segment of the Hope Fault. The predicted acceleration response on bedrock sites within 20 km of the epicentral region is between 0.23 g and 0.34 g. The close match between the historic, inferred pre-historic and geomorphic distribution of lateral slip indicates that secondary fault segmentation exerts a strong structural control on rupture propagation and the expression of fault displacement at the surface. In basement rocks at depth the spatial variations in slip are inferred to be distributed within zones of pervasive cataclastic shear, on either side of the fault segment boundaries. The large variations in surface displacement across fault segment boundaries means that one must know the geometry of the fault in order to evaluate slip-rates calculated from individual locations. The average Late Quaternary slip-rate on the Hope Fault at Glynn Wye Station is between 15.5 mm/yr and 18.25 mm/yr and the rate on the subsidiary Kakapo Fault is between 5.0 mm/yr and 7.5 mm/yr. These rates have been determined from sites which are relatively free of structural complication.
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Wistman, Jonna. "Effekter av kakao på blodtrycket." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35787.

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Resultat från epidemiologiska studier har antytt att flavonolrik kakao sänker blodtrycket. Detta sker troligen genom att flavonoider i kakao leder till aktivering av eNOS som sedan katalyserar NO-syntesen i kärlendotel vilket leder till vasodilation och sänkt blodtryck. En nyare studie har funnit att kakao dessutom inhiberar enzymet ACE. Mycket tyder även på att NO-koncentrationen är kopplad till ACE-aktiviteten då dessa faktorer visat sig följa varandra inverst vid varierande doser. Det finns också ett samband mellan ACE-genotyp och serumnivåer av ACE. Någon dosberoende effekt av kakao på blodtrycket har inte påvisats, men ihållande dosering med kakao över en längre period visar på en progressiv sänkning av blodtrycket. Inga biverkningar har rapporterats, men fett och socker i kakao kan leda till diabetes och hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. Syftet med blodtrycksbehandling är prevention av nyss nämnda sjukdomar och adekvat blodtryckssänkning krävs därmed för att en behandling ska kunna övervägas. Än så länge ses endast en signifikant men inte en tillräcklig blodtryckssänkande effekt av kakao. Dessutom saknas studier som visar att kakao förebygger kardiovaskulära händelser, exempelvis hjärtinfarkter. Vidare studier krävs innan kakao kan rekommenderas som behandling.
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Raters, Marion. "Mykotoxine in Kakao und Kakaoprodukten." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991379195/04.

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Vydrina, Alexandra. "A corpus‐based description of Kakabe, a Western Mande language : prosody in grammar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF015/document.

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Cette thèse fournit une description du kakabé, une langue mandée parlée en Guinée, basée sur un corpus et avec un focus sur le système phonologique. Elle contient une brève esquisse grammaticale et deux parties qui portent sur l'analyse phonologique : la phonologie segmentale et la phonologie suprasegmentale. Les processus concernant les segments phonologiques peuvent être conditionnés par des contraintes métriques, par l'interdiction du hiatus, par le découpage de l’énoncé en phrases prosodiques et par le contexte morphologique. Le kakabé applique diverses stratégies d'adaptation des emprunts (principalement, du poular et du français), telles que l'épenthèse vocalique, la simplification d’agglomérations consonantiques. Le kakabé est une langue à ton (H vs. L), avec downdrift, relèvement du ton H, un ton flottant L, et un certain nombre de processus tonals, tels que l'insertion du ton H, la propagation du ton,l'aplatissement du contour HLH. En conséquence, la distance entre les tons lexicaux sous‐jacents et leur réalisation de surface peut être assez importante. Chacun des processus tonals est appliqué dans une unité prosodique particulière.Par conséquent, les processus tonals participent au découpage du discours en unités prosodiques. Le kakabé comporte des tons de frontière qui servent à signaler la force illocutoire de l'énoncé. Les tons lexicaux et les tons de frontièrecoexistent avec des opérations intonatives sur la courbe F0. Les appendices comprennent un dictionnaire kakabé-français, composé de 3400 entrées, et le corpus de 12 heures de textes en kakabé, transcrits, glosés, traduits etaccompagnés des fichiers vidéos et audios
This thesis provides a corpus‐based description of Kakabe, a Mande language spoken in Guinea, with a focus on phonology. It consists of a short grammatical sketch and two parts dedicated to the analysis of the segmental and the suprasegmental phonology. Segmental phonological processes can be conditioned by metrical constraints, the ban on hiatus, prosodic phrasing and morphological context. Vowel deletion and vowel assimilation which serve to resolve hiatus, apply clause‐internally, as well as across clause boundaries. I also describe various strategies of loanword adaptation used in Kakabe, such as vowel epenthesis and consonant cluster simplification. Kakabe is a terraced‐level tone language (H vs. L), featuring downdrift, downstep, H raising, floating L, and a number of tonal processes, such as OCP style H‐insertion between two L domains, tone spread and leveling of HLH contour. As a result, the distance between the underlying lexical tones and their surface realization can be rather important. Each tonal process is applied within one particular prosodic unit. Therefore, tonal processes participate in phrasing the speech into prosodic units.Kakabe uses a number of boundary tones to signal illocutionary force of the utterance. Lexical tones and boundary tones coexists with intonational operations on the F0 curve. Intonational tone raising is associated with the H% and HL%boundary tones. Apart from that, it affects polarity items, the universal quantifier, and other pragmatically prominent lexemes, such as ideophones and intensifiers. The appendices include a Kakabe‐French dictionary, comprising 3400 entries, and an oral corpus of 12 hours of various genres, transcribed, glossed and time‐aligned with audio and video
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Raters, Marion [Verfasser]. "Mykotoxine in Kakao und Kakaoprodukten / Marion Raters." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/116130794X/34.

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Magnusson, Lena. "Kan flavanoider i kakao påverka det kardiovaskulära systemet?" Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-393.

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Kakaobönan har använts av människan i tusentals år. Framför allt användes kakaon som dryck men under det senaste århundradet även till choklad. De senaste tio åren har det framkommit att kakaon är rik på flavonoider och då främst flavanolerna epikatekin och katekin. Det är främst epikatekinerna som bidrar till olika kardiovaskulära effekter, som påverkan på blodtrycket, förändringar i HDL- och LDL-balansen och plackbildning i kärlen beroende på LDL-oxidation. Jag har gjort en litteraturstudie där dessa teorier undersöks. För att undersöka detta har sex stycken artiklar använts. Dessa bygger på olika studier som har gjorts av kakaons effekter på blodtrycket. Studierna varierar i längd, från två dagar upp till 18 veckor. Fem av studierna använder sig av deltagare som inte genomgår någon behandling för någon kardiovaskulär sjukdom. I den sjätte studien har samtliga deltagare en kranskärlssjukdom som de behandlas för. Den enda effekt som framkommer är en marginell sänkning av blodtrycket över tid. Däremot framkommer det ingen skillnad för de personer som har en kardiovaskulär sjukdom. Detta kan tyda på att flavanolerna har en förebyggande effekt snarare än en läkande effekt. Studierna kunde heller inte påvisa någon större förändring i kolesterolbalansen eller LDL-oxidationen. Eftersom epikatekin är en instabil molekyl som försvinner vid vissa tillverkningsprocesser är det svårt att veta vilken mängd epikatekin det finns i kommersiell kakao. Det är även andra faktorer som påverkar koncentrationen epikatekin i kakaon, såsom växtförhållande, genuppsättning och skördetid.

2008:F18

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Hegmann, Elsa [Verfasser], and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Lieberei. "Qualitätsbedingende Eigenschaften neuer Kakao-Genotypen und deren Verhalten im Nachernteverfahren : eine Analyse neuer Kakao-Selektionen aus Costa Rica / Elsa Hegmann. Betreuer: Reinhard Lieberei." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107691537X/34.

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Books on the topic "Kakapo"

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Morrow, Bob. Protecting the kakapo. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 2013.

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Sonner, Franz-Maria. Kakapo: Ein Geburtstagsfest : Erzählung. München: Kunstmann, 1998.

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David, Butler. Quest for the Kakapo. Birkenhead, Auckland: Heinemann Reed, 1989.

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Alison, Ballance, and Ogier Jo, eds. Hoki: The story of a kakapo. Auckland, N.Z: Godwit, 2000.

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Kakapos. Minneapolis, Minnesota: ABDO Publishing Company, 2016.

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David, Hackston, ed. Birdbrain. London: Peter Owen, 2010.

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Montgomery, Sy. Kakapo rescue: Saving the world's strangest parrot. Boston [Mass.]: Houghton Mifflin Books for Children, 2010.

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ill, Bishop Nic 1955, ed. Kakapo rescue: Saving the world's strangest parrot. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Books for Children, 2010.

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Cemmick, David. Kakapo country: The story of theworld's most unusual bird. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1987.

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Temple, Philip. The story of the kakapo: Parrot of the night. Auckland: Hodder And Stoughton, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Kakapo"

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Moore, Alison. "Kakao and Kaka." In Cultures of the Abdomen, 51–69. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403981387_4.

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Zürcher, K. "Kakao." In Lebensmitteltechnologie, 341–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01040-2_41.

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Zürcher, K. "Kakao." In Lebensmitteltechnologie, 344–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97655-1_41.

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Zürcher, K. "Kakao." In Lebensmitteltechnologie, 344–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08283-6_41.

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Thaman, Konai H. "Kakala." In Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory, 1–6. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_20-1.

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Thaman, Konai H. "Kakala." In Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory, 1212–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-588-4_20.

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Rimbach, Gerald, Jennifer Nagursky, and Helmut F. Erbersdobler. "Kaffee, Tee, Kakao." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 283–312. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46280-5_12.

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Rimbach, Gerald, Jennifer Möhring, and Helmut F. Erbersdobler. "Kaffee, Tee, Kakao." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 283–311. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04486-1_12.

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Belitz, Hans-Dieter, Werner Grosch, and Peter Schieberle. "Kaffee, Tee, Kakao." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 926–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08302-4_22.

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Belitz, Hans-Dieter, and Werner Grosch. "Kaffee, Tee, Kakao." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 849–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08304-8_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Kakapo"

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Zakariyya, Fakhrusy. "Karakter Morfologi Perakaran Beberapa Semaian Klon Kakao Asal Biji." In Seminar, Expo dan Diskusi (SEEDs) Perbenihan Nasional 2017. Jember: AGROPROSS, National Conference Proceedings of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2017.9.

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Kakao merupakan komoditas yang memiliki nillai penting bagi sektor perekonomian indonesia. Saat ini, tanaman kakao diperbanyak melalui biji dan sambung pucuk. Salah satu pertimbangan penggunaan biji adalah dengan melihat karakter perakaran tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakter morfologi akar beberapa semaian klon kakao asal biji. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Kaliwining, Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia pada bulan Juli - Agustus 2017. Penelitian dirancang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan faktor utammanya adalah jenis klon (Scavina 6, KKM 22, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, TSH 858, ICS 60, dan KEE 2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diameter ICS 60, Sulawesi 1, dan Sulawesi 2 menunjukkan nilai yang tertinggi, sedangkan pada panjjang akar menunjukkan Scavina 6 memiliki nilai tertinggi. Permukaan akar terluas ditunjukkaan pada klon Sulawesi 1. Sebaran akar terluas yang ditunjukkan dengan dimensi fraktal ditunjukkan oleh Sulawesi 1 dan Scavina 6.
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YUNITA, TIKA RAHMA. "Pengujian sifat kemampuan menyerbuk silang lima klon kakao (Theobroma cacao)." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010538.

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TRIZELIA, TRIZELIA. "Keanekaragaman jenis cendawan entomopatogen endofit pada tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao)." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m020227.

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RAHAYU, SRIWULAN PAMUJI. "Peluang pengembangan tanaman kakao di Kecamatan Sebatik Timur, Kabupaten Nunukan." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010234.

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Ernawati, Ana, Rahmat Ali Syaban, and Teguh Iman Santoso. "Respon Lama Penyimpanan dan Jenis Klon Terhadap Persentase Hidup Bibit Kakao Sambung Pucuk Cabutan (Theobroma cacao L.)." In Seminar, Expo dan Diskusi (SEEDs) Perbenihan Nasional 2017. Jember: AGROPROSS, National Conference Proceedings of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2017.18.

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Penelitian Respon Lama Penyimpanan Dan Jenis Klon Terhadap Persentase Hidup Bibit Kakao Sambung Pucuk Cabutan (Theobroma cacao L.) Di Lakukan sebagai upaya mendapatkan teknologi alternatif untuk pengiriman bibit kakao yang lebih murah dibandingkan pengiriman bibit bermedia dalam polibeg. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) faktorial dengan 2 faktor terdiri dari 3 taraf dan 4 taraf yang diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama perbandingan beberapa Klon (K) K1 = Klon Sulawesi 1, K2 = Klon KEE 2, K3 = TAB (Tanaman Asal Biji) dan Faktor kedua adalah Lama Simpan Bibit Kakao (L) L0 = 0 hari, L1 = 3 hari, L2 = 6 hari dan L3 = 9 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) tataf 5% atau 1%. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan lama penyimpanan dan jenis klon terhadap persentase hidup bibit kakao sambung pucuk cabutan (Theobroma cacao L.) terbaik terdapat pada tanaman asal biji dengan lama simpan 0 hari (K3L0), dan nilai terendah terdapat pada klon sulawesi dengan lama simpan 9 hari (K1L3). Persentase hidup bibit kakao cabutan setelah satu bulan ditanam dipembibitan dan direcovery terbaik pada klon KEE dengan lama simpan 0, 3 dan 6 hari, berturut - turut sebesar 79,17 %, 75 % dan 79,17 %.
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Hadley, Christopher, David Peters, Andrew Vaughan, and Daniel Bean. "Gumusut-Kakap Project: Geohazard Characterisation and Impact on Field Development Plans." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/12554-ms.

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Hadley, C., D. Peters, A. Vaughan, and D. Bean. "Gumusut-Kakap Project: Geohazard Characterisation and Impact on Field Development Plans." In IPTC 2008: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.148.iptc12554.

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DANIAL, DARNIATY. "Peningkatan produksi dan mutu kakao melalui kegiatan Gernas di Kalimantan Timur." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010542.

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Ningsih, Anita Widhia, Titien Fatimah, and Abdurrahman Salim. "Uji Vigor Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Pada Berbagai Lama Penyimpanan." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2021.226.

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Biji kakao merupakan biji rekalsitran atau biji yang tidak dapat disimpan pada suhu rendah. Apabila disimpan pada suhu rendah dapat mengalami kemunduran viabilitasnya. Penyimpanan biji kakao dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan tanam. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya simpan benih kakao dilakukan dengan menguji vigor benih benih setelah disimpan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2020 sampai dengan Oktober 2020 yang bertempat di Laboratorium Teknologi Produksi Benih Politeknik Negeri Jember. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah Klon yaitu K1 = Klon ICCRI 03 : K2 = Klon MCC 01 , dan faktor kedua adalah Lama Penyimpanan (P) dengan 4 taraf yaitu P0 = Benih langsung ditanam (Kontrol) : P1 = Benih disimpan 5 hari : P2 = Benih disimpan 10 hari : P3 = Benih disimpan 15 hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah : jumlah benih yang tidak rusak dan tidak berjamur, kecepatan berkecambah, daya berkecambah, berat basah kecambah, berat kering kecambah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan klon memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah benih yang tidak rusak dan tidak berjamur saat penyimpanan, berat basah kecambah, serta berat kering kecambah. Perlakuan lama penyimpanan memiliki pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata terhadap jumlah benih yang tidak rusak dan tidak berjamur saat penyimpanan , kecepatan berkecambah, serta berat basah kecambah. Serta interaksi antara klon kakao dan lama penyimpanan memiliki pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata terhadap jumlah benih yang tidak rusak dan tidak berjamur saat penyimpanan.
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Hadley, Christopher, David Peters, Andrew Vaughan, and Daniel Bean. "Gumusut-Kakap Project: Geohazard Characterisation and Impact on Field Development Plans." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-12554-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Kakapo"

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Kakai, Solaf Muhammed Amin. Women in Iraq's Kakai Minority: the Gender Dimensions of a Struggle for Identity. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.006.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion faced by Kakai women in Iraq. Members of the Kakai minority have faced discrimination and marginalisation during many different periods of the Iraqi state. Prior to the US occupation of Iraq in 2003, Kakais were deported to other regions as part of a government drive to alter the demographics of Kurdish majority areas. After 2003, the Kakais faced oppression as a minority group during a long period of sectarian fighting. This oppression continued with the Islamic State (ISIS) terrorist attack on Iraq in 2014. The marginalisation of the Kakais is exacerbated by a lack of legal recognition and differing views over their minority status.
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Kakai, Solaf Muhammed Amin. The Identity Struggle of the Kakai Minority in Iraq. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.020.

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Abdulkhaliq, Zubeida S. Kakai Religion and the Place of Music and the Tanbur. Institute of Development Studies, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2023.001.

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This paper discusses the historical context and mythic framework of the Kakai religion. While some information regarding Kakai theological views and beliefs may be known to outsiders, many facets of their religious life, customs and traditions remain undisclosed. Much secrecy surrounds this religion, and non-believers are not encouraged to engage in or witness most Kakai rites. Geopolitical instability in the Kurdistan region also makes access difficult. Throughout this paper we will look at the relationship between Kakai beliefs and music (tanburo), and how the tanbur (a sacred lute) is not merely a musical instrument but is seen as a symbol of Kakai identity, with the music preserving language and legend.
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Comerford, Milo, and Simeon Dukic. Internetski Ekstremizam: Izazovi i Prilike na Zapadnom Balkanu. RESOLVE Network, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.8.wb.

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Zapadni Balkan suočava se s dvostrukim izazovom internetskog ekstremizma. Internetske platforme omogućavaju specifično ciljanje regiona različitim međunarodnim ekstremističkim narativima. U međuvremenu se regionalne historije i geopolitika prisvajaju kako bi se opravdale ekstremističke aktivnosti i narativi širom svijeta. Međutim, taj fenomen je dio šireg trenda koji naglašava sve veći izazov koji predstavlja širenje transnacionalnih ekstremističkih ideologija na internetskim platformama, kako među nasilnim džihadistima tako i među ekstremnim desničarima. Na Zapadnom Balkanu to predstavlja niz specifičnih rizika.
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Comerford, Milo, and Simeon Dukic. Ekstremizam na Mreži: Izazovi i Prilike na Zapadnom Balkanu. RESOLVE Network, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.12.wb.

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Zapadni Balkan se suočava sa dvostrukim izazovom zbog ekstremizma na mreži. Platforme na mreži omogućavaju precizno ciljanje regiona upotrebom različitih međunarodnih ekstremističkih narativa. U međuvremenu se regionalne istorije i geopolitike prisvajaju kako bi se opravdali ekstremističke akcije i narativi širom sveta. Međutim, ovaj fenomen deo je šireg trenda koji ističe sve veći izazov u vidu proliferacije transnacionalnih ekstremističkih ideologija na platformama na mreži; kako nasilnih džihadista, tako i ekstremnih desnica. To predstavlja niz specifičnih rizika na Zapadnom Balkanu.
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Shtuni, Adrian. Imperativ Reintegracije: Djeca Povratnici na Zapadni Balkan. RESOLVE Network, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.2.wb.

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Od 2012. godine 1.070 državljana zemalja Zapadnog Balkana putovalo je kako bi živjelo i borilo se na teritorijima pod kontrolom terorističkih organizacija u Siriji i Iraku. Među njima je bilo otprilike 200 maloljetnih osoba u trenutku odlaska. Tokom godina, državljani zemalja Zapadnog Balkana dobili su još mnogo više djece u područjima zahvaćenim sukobima u Siriji i Iraku. Do kraja 2019. godine otprilike 485 osoba vratilo se svojim kućama, što Zapadni Balkan čini regijom s najvećom koncentracijom povratnika iz Sirije i Iraka u Europi. Još stotine osoba, uglavnom maloljetnika, i dalje su zatočene u neizvjesnim uslovima u Siriji, s neizvjesnim izgledima za repatrijaciju. Brojne zemlje se bore s tim što učiniti s državljanima koji su otputovali kako bi živjeli i borili se u takozvanom „kalifatu“ Islamske države (IS). Međutim, iskustvo i razumijevanje onoga što olakšava djelotvorno angažiranje u radu s povratnicima iz Sirije, posebno s djecom povratnicima, u početnoj je fazi. U ovoj bilješci o politici daju se preporuke o načinima pristupa rehabilitaciji i reintegraciji (RiR) djece povratnika na Zapadnom Balkanu uz kombiniranje nove dobre prakse s vodećim načelima konvencija, međunarodnih ugovora i protokola koji se fokusiraju na prava djece.
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Comerford, Milo, and Simeon Dukic. Ekstremizam na Mreži: Izazovi i Prilike na Zapadnom Balkanu. RESOLVE Network, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.11.wb.

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[Montenegrin] Zapadni Balkan se suočava sa dvostrukim izazovom ekstremizma na mreži. Mrežne platforme olakšavaju specifičan ciljni uticaj na region pomoću raznih međunarodnih ekstremističkih narativa. U međuvremenu se regionalna istorija i geopolitika iskorišćavaju za opravdavanje ekstremističkih postupaka i narativa širom svijeta. Međutim, ovaj fenomen je dio šireg trenda koji ističe sve veći izazov koji predstavlja širenje transnacionalnih ekstremističkih ideologija na mrežnim platformama, kako nasilnih džihadista, tako i ekstremne desnice. To predstavlja niz posebnih rizika na Zapadnom Balkanu.
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Bourhrous, Amal, Shivan Fazil, and Dylan O’Driscoll. Post-conflict Reconstruction in the Nineveh Plains of Iraq: Agriculture, Cultural Practices and Social Cohesion. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/raep9560.

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Abstract:
The atrocities committed by the Islamic State (IS) between 2014 and 2017 left deep scars on the Nineveh Plains in northern Iraq. IS deliberately targeted ethnic and religious communities with the aim of erasing the traces of diversity, pluralism and coexistence that have long characterized the region. To prevent people from living as Assyrians, Chaldeans, Kaka’i, Shabaks, Syriacs, Turkmen and Yazidis, IS destroyed sites of cultural and religious significance to these communities and devastated their livelihoods, including their crop and livestock farming activities. Using a people-centered approach, this SIPRI Research Policy Paper stresses the need for a holistic approach to post-conflict reconstruction in the Nineveh Plains that not only focuses on rebuilding the physical environment and economic structures, but also pays adequate attention to restoring the ability of communities to engage in cultural and religious practices, and to mending social and intercommunity relations. The paper highlights the interconnectedness of physical environments, economic structures, cultural practices and social dynamics. It stresses the need to address the impacts of the IS occupation while taking into account other pressing challenges such as climate change and water scarcity.
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9

Aeromagnetic vertical gradient map, Kakagi Lake, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/127132.

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10

Magnetic anomaly map (residual total field), Kakagi Lake, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/127131.

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