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Academic literature on the topic 'K Surface'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "K Surface"

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Nasiedkin, D. B., M. O. Nazarchuk, A. G. Grebenyuk, L. F. Sharanda, and Yu V. Plyuto. "Quantum chemical simulation of MoO3 dispergation on hydroxylated SiO2 surface." Surface 13(28) (December 30, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2021.13.075.

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Метою даної роботи є оцінка енергетичної сприятливості утворення різних молібдатних груп (≡Si‑O‑)2Mo(=O)2 та =Si(‑O‑)2Mo(=O)2 під час термічно ініційованого диспергування MoO3 на гідроксильованій поверхні SiO2. Для цього було здійснено квантовохімічне моделювання реакції O12Si10(OH)16 + MoO3 = O12Si10(OH)14O2MoO2 + H2O в температурному інтервалі 300–1100 K із використанням обмеженого методу Хартрі-Фока (наближення ЛКАО) з валентним базисом SBKJC (Stevens-Basch-Krauss-Jasien-Cundari). Кластер O12Si10(OH)16, який являє собою структурний фрагмент кристала β‑кристобаліту, був використаний як модель високогідроксильованої поверхні кремнезему. Ми розглянули дві структури молібдатних груп (≡Si‑O‑)2Mo(=O)2, прикріплених до кремнеземного кластера O12Si10(OH)16 через силанольні групи. Молібдатні групи (Etot ‑584.60147 Hartree), прикріплені до кремнеземного кластера через віддалені силанольні групи, виявляються більш енергетично вигідними, ніж молібдатні групи (Etot ‑584.56565 Hartree), прикріплені до кремнеземного кластера через сусідні силанольні групи. Енергія молібдатних груп =Si(‑O‑)2Mo(=O)2 (Etot ‑584.48399 Hartree), прикріплених до кремнеземного кластера O12Si10(OH)16 через силандіольні групи, менш енергетично вигідні в порівнянні з подібними групами, прикріпленими через силанольні групи, через більше напруження кута між зв’язками. Знайдено, що реакція O12Si10(OH)16 + MoO3 = O12Si10(OH)14O2MoO2 + H2O в температурному інтервалі 300–1100 K, змодельована шляхом квантовохімічних розрахунків, свідчить, що процес диспергування MoO3 на гідроксильованій поверхні SiO2 є енергетично вигідним. Експ The aim of the present work is to evaluate the energetic favourability of the formation of different molybdate species (≡Si‑O‑)2Mo(=O)2 and =Si(‑O‑)2Mo(=O)2 during the thermally induced MoO3 dispergation on hydroxylated SiO2 surface. In order to do this a quantum chemical modelling of the reaction O12Si10(OH)16 + MoO3 = O12Si10(OH)14O2MoO2 + H2O within the temperature interval of 300–1100 K was undertaken using the Restricted Hartree-Fock method (the LCAO approximation) with the SBKJC (Stevens-Basch-Krauss-Jasien-Cundari) valence basis set. The cluster O12Si10(OH)16 which represents a structural fragment of a β‑cristobalite crystal was used in this work as a model of highly hydroxylated silica surface. We considered two structures of molybdate (≡Si‑O‑)2Mo(=O)2 species attached to O12Si10(OH)16 silica cluster via silanol groups. Molybdate species (Etot ‑584.60147 Hartree) attached to silica cluster via distant silanols appeared more energetically favourable than molybdate species (Etot ‑584.56565 Hartree) attached to silica cluster via nearby silanols. The energy of molybdate =Si(‑O‑)2Mo(=O)2 species (Etot ‑584.48399 Hartree) attached to O12Si10(OH)16 silica cluster via silanediol group is less favourable energetically in comparison with those attached via silanol groups because of higher bond angle straining. The reaction O12Si10(OH)16 + MoO3 = O12Si10(OH)14O2MoO2 + H2O in the temperature interval of 300–1100 K which simulates by quantum chemical calculations the dispergation of MoO3 on hydroxylated SiO2 surface was found to be energetically favourable. The experimentally optimised temperature of ca. 800 K required for dispergation of MoO3 on hydroxylated SiO2 surface is determined by MoO3 evaporation and transportation via the gas phase. ериментальна оптимальна температура (близько 800 K), потрібна для диспергування MoO3 на гідроксильованій поверхні SiO2, визначається випаровуванням та перенесенням MoO3 в газовій фазі.
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Garbuz, V. V., V. A. Petrova, T. A. Silinskaya, T. F. Lobunets, O. I. Bykov, V. B. Muratov, T. M. Terentyeva, et al. "Specific surface area, crystallite size and thermokinetic of oxide formation γ → α-Al2O3 nano powders at 570 – 1470 K." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.146.

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Powders where the γ≈α-Al2O3-nano phases are the priority precursors for catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis with the maximum content of surface 5-coordinated Al centers for Pt attachment. Hydrogenated nano powders (~8 nm) of γ-, γ '-, θ-, κ-Al2O3 soluble in hydrochloric acid were obtained from the processing of aluminum boride powders with an icosahedral structure. Samples, which underwent a step-by-step and single heating of 50-100K heat treatment for 2 hours at temperatures of 570-1470K, were received in quantity of 34. The specific surface area of SВET, m2g-1 was measured by the thermal nitrogen desorption express method of gas chromatography through the GC-1 device. X-ray (phase and coherent), fluorescence and phase chemical-analytical evaluation of the samples were performed. The thermokinetic characteristics of the processes are calculated using the exponential Arrhenius law. Dimensional characteristics of crystallites (10.4-48 nm); specific surface area of powders (213-8.6 m2g-1, SВET); thermokinetic parameters of α-Al2O3 crystallite growth process (V α-Al2O3 - 1.44 10-3 - 6.67 10-3 nm s-1; E α-Al2O3 = 38.7±2.1kJ mol-1; A0 = 0.16±0.0 s-1 along the temperature line 1220-1470K were determined and calculated. The process of dehydration of two OH-groups occurs in the region 570-720K Ea H2O ↑ = 30.5 ± 0.5 kJ mol-1 A0 = 1.33±0.3 s-1. The last group of OH at temperatures of 820 -1070К and a rate of 2.13 10-4 - 4.93 10-4 mol s-1 Ea H2O ↑ = 13.2 ± 0.8 kJ mol-1 A0 = 16.9 ± 0.9 s-1. The activation energy of the phase transition is Ea., γ → α-Al2O3 = 23.9 ± 1.0 kJ mol-1 A0 = 2.01 ± 0.72 s-1 (770-970K) and Ea., γ → α-Al2O3 = 83.5 ± 0.8 kJ mol-1 A0 =(2,05±0,95) 103 s-1 (1070-1170K). It agrees well with the known heat of conversion Eа, γ→α-Al2O3 = 85 kJ mol-1. The TK of γ≈α-Al2O3-nano phases is at 1170K.
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Han, Sang-Eon. "The k-fundamental group of a closed k-surface." Information Sciences 177, no. 18 (September 2007): 3731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2007.02.031.

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Han, Sang-Eon. "Fixed Point Theory for Digital k-Surfaces and Some Remarks on the Euler Characteristics of Digital Closed Surfaces." Mathematics 7, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7121244.

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The present paper studies the fixed point property (FPP) for closed k-surfaces. We also intensively study Euler characteristics of a closed k-surface and a connected sum of closed k-surfaces. Furthermore, we explore some relationships between the FPP and Euler characteristics of closed k-surfaces. After explaining how to define the Euler characteristic of a closed k-surface more precisely, we confirm a certain consistency of the Euler characteristic of a closed k-surface and a continuous analog of it. In proceeding with this work, for a simple closed k-surface in Z 3 , say S k , we can see that both the minimal 26-adjacency neighborhood of a point x ∈ S k , denoted by M k ( x ) , and the geometric realization of it in R 3 , denoted by D k ( x ) , play important roles in both digital surface theory and fixed point theory. Moreover, we prove that the simple closed 18-surfaces M S S 18 and M S S 18 ′ do not have the almost fixed point property (AFPP). Consequently, we conclude that the triviality or the non-triviality of the Euler characteristics of simple closed k-surfaces have no relationships with the FPP in digital topology. Using this fact, we correct many errors in many papers written by L. Boxer et al.
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Bogatyrov, V. M., M. V. Borysenko, M. V. Galaburda, and O. I. Oranska. "Synthesis and properties of nanocomposites based on zinc phosphate and fumed silica." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.179.

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The aim of the work was to synthesize nanocomposites based on pyrogenic silica and zinc phosphate by a simple method without using a large amount of solvent and to study the characteristics and properties of the obtained materials. The dual systems of zinc phosphate/pyrogenic silica with the different ratio of components were synthesized via mechanical grinding in a porcelain drum ball mill of fumed silica (Orysyl A-380), zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O) and phosphoric acid with distilled water, followed by air-drying in an oven at 125 °C (2 h) and calcination in a muffle oven at 450 °C for 2 h. The zinc phosphate content was 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mmol per 1 g of SiO2. The control sample (ZP-K) was synthesized by thermal treatment of the precipitate, formed after mixing on a magnetic stirrer an aqueous solution of zinc acetate with the addition dropwise of phosphoric acid, without the use of SiO2. X-ray diffraction studies of the nanocomposites confirmed the formation of the crystalline phase of Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O (orthorhombic modification) both in the silica-containing and control ZP-K samples after air drying at 125 °C, while heat treatment at 450 °C leaded to the formation of the anhydrous monoclinic Zn3(PO4)2 phase. The content of the zinc phosphate in the dual composites was 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mmol per 1 g of SiO2. The IR spectra of the nanocomposites indicated the presence of absorption bands in the range of 3760-3600 cm-1, which were attributed to the unequal structural ‒OH groups of silicon and phosphorus atoms. It was found that the presence of zinc phosphate on the SiO2 surface does not cause the chemical interaction with silica during heat treatment of composites in air even at 900-1000 °C. It was shown that the ability of Zn3(PO4)2/SiO2 composites to adsorb water vapor decreases with increasing amount of modifying compound. The effect of the obtained phosphorus-containing nanocomposite on the thermal stability of an alkyd polymer matrix was considered.
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Pal, S. K., K. Takimoto, E. Aizenman, and E. S. Levitan. "Apoptotic surface delivery of K+ channels." Cell Death & Differentiation 13, no. 4 (November 4, 2005): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4401792.

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7

McAllister, I. W. "Surface current density K: an introduction." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation 26, no. 3 (June 1991): 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/14.85112.

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Ferris, Daniel P., and Claire T. Farley. "Interaction of leg stiffness and surface stiffness during human hopping." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.1.15.

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Ferris, Daniel P., and Claire T. Farley. Interaction of leg stiffness and surface stiffness during human hopping. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 15–22, 1997.—When mammals run, the overall musculoskeletal system behaves as a single linear “leg spring.” We used force platform and kinematic measurements to determine whether leg spring stiffness ( k leg) is adjusted to accommodate changes in surface stiffness ( k surf) when humans hop in place, a good experimental model for examining adjustments to k leg in bouncing gaits. We found that k leg was greatly increased to accommodate surfaces of lower stiffnesses. The series combination of k leg and k surf[total stiffness ( k tot)] was independent of k surf at a given hopping frequency. For example, when humans hopped at a frequency of 2 Hz, they tripled their k leg on the least stiff surface ( k surf = 26.1 kN/m; k leg = 53.3 kN/m) compared with the most stiff surface ( k surf = 35,000 kN/m; k leg = 17.8 kN/m). Values for k tot were not significantly different on the least stiff surface (16.7 kN/m) and the most stiff surface (17.8 kN/m). Because of the k leg adjustment, many aspects of the hopping mechanics (e.g., ground-contact time and center of mass vertical displacement) remained remarkably similar despite a >1,000-fold change in k surf. This study provides insight into how k leg adjustments can allow similar locomotion mechanics on the variety of terrains encountered by runners in the natural world.
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Ungerer, Marietjie J., David Santos-Carballal, Abdelaziz Cadi-Essadek, Cornelia G. C. E. van Sittert, and Nora H. de Leeuw. "Interaction of SO2 with the Platinum (001), (011), and (111) Surfaces: A DFT Study." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050558.

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Given the importance of SO2 as a pollutant species in the environment and its role in the hybrid sulphur (HyS) cycle for hydrogen production, we carried out a density functional theory study of its interaction with the Pt (001), (011), and (111) surfaces. First, we investigated the adsorption of a single SO2 molecule on the three Pt surfaces. On both the (001) and (111) surfaces, the SO2 had a S,O-bonded geometry, while on the (011) surface, it had a co-pyramidal and bridge geometry. The largest adsorption energy was obtained on the (001) surface (Eads = −2.47 eV), followed by the (011) surface (Eads = −2.39 and −2.28 eV for co-pyramidal and bridge geometries, respectively) and the (111) surface (Eads = −1.85 eV). When the surface coverage was increased up to a monolayer, we noted an increase of Eads/SO2 for all the surfaces, but the (001) surface remained the most favourable overall for SO2 adsorption. On the (111) surface, we found that when the surface coverage was θ > 0.78, two neighbouring SO2 molecules reacted to form SO and SO3. Considering the experimental conditions, we observed that the highest coverage in terms of the number of SO2 molecules per metal surface area was (111) > (001) > (011). As expected, when the temperature increased, the surface coverage decreased on all the surfaces, and gradual desorption of SO2 would occur above 500 K. Total desorption occurred at temperatures higher than 700 K for the (011) and (111) surfaces. It was seen that at 0 and 800 K, only the (001) and (111) surfaces were expressed in the morphology, but at 298 and 400 K, the (011) surface was present as well. Taking into account these data and those from a previous paper on water adsorption on Pt, it was evident that at temperatures between 400 and 450 K, where the HyS cycle operates, most of the water would desorb from the surface, thereby increasing the SO2 concentration, which in turn may lead to sulphur poisoning of the catalyst.
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SPELLER, S., M. SCHLEBERGER, H. FRANKE, C. MÜLLER, and W. HEILAND. "SURFACE MELTING AND SURFACE ROUGHENING OF Pb(110) STUDIED BY LOW ENERGY ION SCATTERING." Modern Physics Letters B 08, no. 08n09 (April 20, 1994): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984994000522.

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The Pb(110) surface undergoes two phase transitions. At about 400 K a roughening transition is observed. At 580 K, i.e. about 20 K below the bulk melting point, surface melting is found, The surface develops point defects at rather low temperatures. The roughening is connected with the generation of steps or the reduction of terrace size. There is also evidence for anisotropy of the roughening transition. Low energy ion scattering experiments in the temperature range from 160 to 590 K are used to study the structural changes of the Pb(110) surface.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "K Surface"

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Kirsch, Paul Daniel. "Surface and interfacial chemistry of high-k dielectric and interconnect materials on silicon." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034557.

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Tong, Jinhong. "Study of Interactions Between Diffusion Barrier Layers and Low-k Dielectric Materials for Copper/Low-k Integration." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4384/.

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The shift to the Cu/low-k interconnect scheme requires the development of diffusion barrier/adhesion promoter materials that provide excellent performance in preventing the diffusion and intermixing of Cu into the adjacent dielectrics. The integration of Cu with low-k materials may decrease RC delays in signal propagation but pose additional problems because such materials are often porous and contain significant amounts of carbon. Therefore barrier metal diffusion into the dielectric and the formation of interfacial carbides and oxides are of significant concern. The objective of the present research is to investigate the fundamental surface interactions between diffusion barriers and various low-k dielectric materials. Two major diffusion barriers¾ tatalum (Ta) and titanium nitride (TiN) are prepared by DC magnetron sputtering and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), respectively. Surface analytical techniques, such as X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are employed. Ta sputter-deposited onto a Si-O-C low dielectric constant substrate forms a reaction layer composed of Ta oxide and TaC. The composition of the reaction layer varies with deposition rate (1 Å-min-1 vs. 2 Å-sec-1), but in both cases, the thickness of the TaC layer is found to be at least 30 Å on the basis of XPS spectra, which is corroborated with cross-sectional TEM data. Sputter-deposited Cu will not wet the TaC layer and displays facile agglomeration, even at 400 K. Deposition for longer time at 2 Å-sec-1 results in formation of a metallic Ta layer. Sputter deposited Cu wets (grows conformally) on the metallic Ta surface at 300 K, and resists significant agglomeration at up to ~ 600 K. Cu diffusion into the substrate is not observed up to 800 K in the UHV environment. Tetrakis(diethylamido) titanium (TDEAT) interactions with SiO2, Cu and a variety of low-k samples in the presence (~ 10-7 Torr or co-adsorbed) and absence of NH3 result in different products. TDEAT interactions with SiO2 are dominated by Ti interactions with substrate oxygen sites, and that Ti oxide/sub-oxide bond formation can proceed with relatively low activation energy. No Ti carbide or Si carbide formation is observed. Co-adsorption of TDEAT and NH3 on SiO2 at 120K followed by annealing to higher temperature results in enhanced Ti-N bond formation, which is stable against oxidation up to 900K in UHV. Similarly, continuous exposures of TDEAT on SiO2 at 500K in the presence of NH3 exhibit a relatively enhanced Ti-N spectral component. Co-adsorption of NH3 and TDEAT on Cu (poly) surface at 120K, followed by annealing to 500K, results in complete desorption of Ti, N or C-containing species from the Cu substrate. Reaction of TDEAT with a Cu surface at 500K yields a Ti-alkyl species via a b-hydride elimination pathway. TDEAT/Cu interactions are not observably affected by overpressures of NH3 of 10-7 Torr. TDEAT interaction with a porous carbon doped oxide low-k substrate at 700K demonstrates undissociated or partly dissociated Ti-NR species trapped in the dielectrics matrix due to its high porosity. In addition, carbide formation is observed from C(1s) XPS spectra. For a hydrocarbon low-k film, the majority sites (carbon) are highly unreactive towards TDEAT even at higher temperature due to a lack of functional groups to initiate the TDEAT/low-k surface chemistry.
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Genevaux, Pierre. "Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Escherichia coli k-12 adhesion to inanimate surface." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Genevaux.Pierre.SMZ9860.pdf.

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The inherent tendency of bacteria to adhere and colonize natural and artificial surfaces is regarded as a fundamental aspect of bacterial pathogenesis and ecology. The interest in understanding cell surface components that mediate attachment to inanimate surface led us to focus on the identification of genes associated with this phenomenon. To this purpose, the well-characterized bacterium Escherichia coli K-12 and a polystyrene surface were used as model. An adhesion assay was first developed and used to screen 7000 mini-Tn10 insertion mutants of the strain E. Coli K- 12 W3110. One percent of these mutants was found to exhibit a reduced adhesion. The precise location of the mini- Tn10 insertion within the affected gene in the adhesion mutants was determined. Twenty-five adhesion mutants harbored the insertions in the fim operon, responsible for type 1 fimbriation. The data obtained indicated a major role of type 1 fimbriae and a direct involvement of the type 1 fimbriae specific adhesion FimH in adhesion to polystyrene. Twelve insertions were located in genes involved in flagella biosynthesis. The loss of adhesion observed appeared to be mainly due to the attenuated fimbriation caused by the flagella mutations and to the dysfunctional motility. Seven mutants harbored insertions in genes involved in lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis. The loss of adhesion exhibited by these deep rough mutants was mainly associated with altered type 1 fimbriae production and, to a lesser extent, with defective motility. Three adhesion mutants had insertions in the dsbA gene. In spite of the pleiotropic character of the dsbA mutations, the observed loss of adhesion to polystyrene appeared to be most correlated with the considerably reduced amount of fimbriae. Chapter VI describes a group of five adhesion mutants that harbored insertions the phnI, yhhT, hisT and abc genes and in one of the three IS186 elements of the E. Coli chromosome
L'adhésion bactérienne sur des surfaces artificielles est un aspect fondamental de l’écologie et de la pathologie microbienne. Dans cette étude, la recherche de gènes et de structures cellulaires contrôlants les interactions entre une population bactérienne et une surface inerte a été entrepris. Un modèle d’étude, composé de la souche bactérienne Escherichia coli et d'une surface de polystyrène, a été choisi. Un essai mesurant les capacités adhésive d'une bactérie a été développé afin de cribler 7000 mutants de la souche E. Coli K-12 W3110. Un pour-cent des mutants cribles adhéraient moins que la souche parentale. La position précise de la mutation au sein des gènes affectes a été déterminée pour chacun des mutants de l’adhésion. Vingt cinq mutations étaient positionnées dans l'operon fim, impliqué dans la synthèse de fimbriae de type 1. Les résultats obtenus indiquaient un rôle majeur des fimbriae de type 1, et plus particulièrement de l’adhésion spécifique, fimh, dans l’adhésion sur polystyrène. Douze insertions ont été localisées dans des gènes impliqués dans la synthèse du flagellum. La perte d’adhésion observée chez ces mutants était associée à la perte de motilité et a un effet indirect des ces mutations sur la production de fimbriae. Sept mutations ont été localisées dans des gènes impliqués dans la synthèse du noyau lipopolysaccharidique. Dans ce cas, pas d’évidences pour un rôle direct du noyau lipopolysaccharidique dans l’adhésion sur polystyrène ont pu être observées. La perte d’adhésion était associée à la production réduite de fimbriae et aux changements de motilité observés chez ces mutants. Trois mutations ont été localisées dans le gène dsbA. L'effet de ces mutations sur la production de fimbriae était le principal facteur affectant les propriétés adhésives. Le chapitre VI décrit un groupe de cinq mutants de l’adhésion dans lesquels les mutations ont été localisées dans les gènes phnI, yhhT, hisT et abc ainsi que dans une des IS186 d'E. Coli
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Joseph, Genora M. D. "Improved dust dispersion modelling for surface quarries : an optimized RANS k − ε approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33767/.

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Conventional dust dispersion models which employ Gaussian concentration distributions are routinely applied to predict the dispersion and deposition of fugitive dust arising from quarrying activity. However, these models are known to over-predict the long range transport of particulates beyond the confines of the quarry pit, because their complex terrain algorithms are unable to accommodate the steep gradients which are typically encountered in quarry excavations. They therefore cannot account for the internal flow regimes which contribute to the removal of suspended particulates from the air stream. Consequently, a need arises within the extractive industries, for improved dust dispersion models that are not constrained by quarry topography. This research project attempts to address this deficiency in the modelling of dust emissions from quarry blast events, by presenting an optimized RANS k−ε approach which can adequately simulate the flow-field in which particulates are entrained under a range of meteorological conditions. The stages involved in the incremental development of the numerical model are documented in the thesis, and commence with characterization of the atmospheric boundary layer. In particular, the Monin-Obukhuv Similarity Theory is applied to parametrize the atmospheric surface layer, which exerts the most influence on the dispersion and deposition of near-ground particulate emissions. Modifications to the standard k − ε model coefficients and the inclusion of buoyancy source terms have been adopted in this work, in accordance with previous studies by Alinot and Masson (2005). These modifications ensure that the turbulence closure equations are compatible with Monin-Obukhuv Similarity scaling of the atmospheric surface layer. The Businger-Dyer flux profile functions have been employed to introduce stability modifications to the logarithmic velocity, temperature and turbulence profiles which have been defined at the inlet boundaries of the computational domain to enable numerical representation of both adiabatic and diabatic atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, the Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model has been coupled with Eulerian solution of the flow field to provide a robust means of replicating fugitive dust dispersion through the stochastic tracking of injected particulates. The project also presents a consolidated post-processing methodology to incorporate wind direction variability due to mesoscale atmospheric effects into the CFD model. This methodology use the Moore (1976) equation to parametrize the standard deviation of wind direction variability and proposes a novel, Gaussian probability weighted averaging procedure to arrive at a resultant plume which accounts for the influence of mesoscale wind variability on particulate trajectory and improves the k −ε predictions of lateral spreading of the dust plume. Simulations of flow and dispersion over a series of idealized cosine depressions of varying aspect ratio have been used to assess model predictions of the flow regime and the corresponding plume attenuation within artificial valleys. To allow the model to accommodate negative terrain elevations and to produce profiles of the flow variables which conform to wall topography, a wall-distance scalar has been introduced to ensure consistency of the inlet profile with the flow solution within the domain. These simulations have demonstrated that the proposed model surpasses UK-ADMS in terms of its ability to resolve strong recirculation regimes in deep depressions. The project culminates in a case study of the Old Moor Quarry in Buxton, Derbyshire. This case study tests the viability of the proposed k−ε model and validates the model predictions of dust dispersion with field measurements obtained over the course of a monitoring campaign of approximately one month duration. Meteorological pre-processing steps in accordance with the findings of Holtslag and Van Ulden (1983) have been employed to derive atmospheric surface layer input parameters from routine meteorological data measured at the quarry site, eliminating the need for sophisticated meteorological measurements. Dust dispersion predictions obtained using the conventional dust dispersion model UK-ADMS, have been compared to the CFD model results to demonstrate the improved prediction accuracy of the proposed k −ε approach. Notably, the CFD model is shown to account for the various flow regimes which arise due to the combined effects of the site meteorology and the complex terrain of the quarry excavation. Importantly, the statistical Performance metrics, FAC2, MG, FB and NMSE recommended by Hanna et al. (2004) for the evaluation of dispersion model performance, have been used to assess the accuracy of fugitive dust deposition predictions obtained from the proposed model. The performance evaluation exercise indicates that the buoyancy modified k − ε model outperforms UK-ADMS for all of the metric tests. The incorporation of the wind variability weighted averaging procedure in the case study simulations is seen to reduce uncertainty due to random error, quantified by NMSE. This due to the fact that the wind variability averaging procedure evens out outlying predictions which may be due to the inherent stochasticity of the DPM model.
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Milton, Brian E. "Lateral surface superlattices in strained InGaAs layers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340295.

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Génevaux, Pierre Bauda Pascale. "ETUDE GENETIQUE ET PHENOTYPIQUE DE L'ADHESION D'ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 SUR UNE SURFACE INERTE /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1998/Genevaux.Pierre.SMZ9860.pdf.

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Tanner, Robert E. "The structure of the rutile TiOâ‚‚(110) surface and Ni/TiOâ‚‚ nanoislands." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325929.

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HASNAOUI, MOULAY LAHEEN. "Etude par exafs de surface de l'interface si/gaas(110) au seuil k de silicium." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112435.

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Ce travail, motive initialement par les problemes lies a la fabrication d'heterojonctions si-gaas, a eu pour but une definition precise du site d'adsorption du silicium sur la face (110) d'un substrat d'arseniure de gallium, puis une caracterisation du mode de croissance. Les experiences d'exafs au seuil k du silicium ont ete effectuees sur la ligne focalisee sa32, en utilisant la polarisation du rayonnement synchroton. Des epaisseurs croissantes ont ete deposees, a partir d'une demi-monocouche, et les resultats principaux sont les suivants. Le site d'adsorption initial est situe entre deux atomes de gallium le long de l'axe 001 et a egale distance des trois atomes du substrat les plus proches. Les atomes de silicium sont a environ 1 a au-dessus de la surface de gaas. L'augmentation du depot (vers 0. 8 mc) va entrainer un deplacement du si vers le centre des intervalles entre deux atomes du substrat, on obtient alors une structure en zig-zag ou seules sont visibles les liaisons adsorbat-substrat, ce dernier imposant donc sa structure. Au-dela de une monocouche l'interaction entre atomes de silicium est suffisamment forte pour faire apparaitre des liaisons entre ces atomes et donc des distances si-si a 2. 35 a carac teristiques du silicium pur. Une monocouche est complete et les atomes supplementaires forment avec ceux du premier plan, pour des epaisseurs de l'ordre de 1. 5 mc, des petits agregats d'environ six atomes qui coexistent avec des chaines courtes en zig-zag. Lorsqu'on augmente le depot, la croissance ne s'effectue pas couche par couche mais plutot selon le mode stranski-krastanov avec formation d'ilots tridimensionnels au-dessus de la premiere couche. Finalement, a partir de trois a quatre monocouches, on obtient du silicium amorphe dont le degre de cristallinite va dependre de la temperature de depot
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Martini, David M. "Metallization and Modification of Low-k Dielectric Materials." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9754/.

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Aluminum was deposited onto both Teflon AF and Parylene AF surfaces by chemical vapor deposition of trimethylaluminum. This work shows that similar thin film (100 Angstroms) aluminum oxide adlayers form on both polymers at the low temperature dosing conditions used in the studies. Upon anneal to room temperature and above, defluorination of the polymer surfaces increased and resulted in fluorinated aluminum oxide adlayers; the adlayers were thermally stable to the highest temperatures tested (600 K). Angle-resolved spectra showed higher levels of fluorination toward the polymer/adlayer interface region. Copper films were also deposited at low temperature onto Teflon AF using a copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate-cyclooctadiene precursor. Annealing up to 600 K resulted in the loss of precursor ligands and a shift to metallic copper. As with aluminum adlayers, some polymer defluorination and resulting metal (copper) fluoride was detected. Parylene AF and polystyrene films surfaces were modified by directly dosing with water vapor passed across a hot tungsten filament. Oxygen incorporation into polystyrene occurred exclusively at aromatic carbon sites, whereas oxygen incorporation into parylene occurred in both aromatic and aliphatic sites. Oxygen x-ray photoelectron spectra of the modified polymers were comparable, indicating that similar reactions occurred. The surface oxygenation of parylene allowed enhanced reactivity toward aluminum chemical vapor deposition. Silicon-carbon (Si-Cx) films were formed by electron beam bombardment of trimethylvinylsilane films which were adsorbed onto metal substrates at low temperatures in ultra-high vacuum. Oxygen was also added to the films by coadsorbing water before electron beam bombardment; the films were stable to more than 700 K, with increasing silicon-oxygen bond formation at elevated temperatures. Copper metal was sputter deposited in small increments onto non-oxygenated films. X-ray photoelectric spectra show three-dimensional copper growth (rather than layer-by-layer growth), indicating only weak interaction between the copper and underlying films. Annealing at elevated temperatures caused coalescence or growth of the copper islands, with spectra indicating metallic copper rather than copper oxide.
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Cahill, Sarah M. "Variation of surface polysaccharides in the ST25 clonal lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207776/1/Sarah_Cahill_Thesis.pdf.

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This project provides a novel insight into the genetics of complex surface structures present in the ST25 lineage of the multi-drug resistant bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii. The thesis employs a newly developed tool, Kaptive, to aid global tracking efforts of this pathogen and uncovers new structure variants which inform future therapeutic options.
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Books on the topic "K Surface"

1

Compton, E. Conrad. Evaluation of a standard test method for total hemispherical emittance of surfaces from 293 K to 1673 K. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1986.

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Feakin, Stephanie J. Biotreatment of surface waters to remove s-triazine herbicides: FR/K 0002, June, 1994. Marlow, Buckinghamshire: Foundation for Water Research, 1994.

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Symposium K on Coating and Surface Modifications ro Furface Protection and Tribological Applications (1997 Strasbourg, France). Coatings and surface modifications for surface protection and triboligical applications: Proceedings of Symposium K on Coatings and Surface Modifications for Surface Protection and Tribological Applications of the 1997 ICAM/E-MRS Spring Conference, Strasbourg, France, June 16-20, 1997. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.

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Beneath the surface: The hidden realities of teaching culturally and linguistically diverse young learners, K-6. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2008.

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Johnsen, Trygve. K3 Projective models in scrolls. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Johnsen, Trygve. K3 Projective models in scrolls. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Sommerfeld, Peter Karl Heinrich. On helium ions underneath the surface of superfluid helium-4 in the temperature range 10mK[less thanor equal to]T[less than or equal to]K. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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Bauer, Ingrid C. Surfaces with K℗=7 and pg̳=4 / c Ingrid C. Bauer. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2001.

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Sharir, Micha. On k-sets in arrangements of curves and surfaces. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1989.

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A, Smirnov A. Teorii͡a︡ fazovykh prevrashcheniĭ i razmeshchenii͡a︡ atomov v splavakh vnedrenii͡a︡: S primenenii͡a︡mi k sistemam metall-vodorod. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "K Surface"

1

Yates, John T. "6 K—Cryogenic Crystal Holder." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science, 544–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2304-7_158.

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Han, Sang-Eon. "Discrete Homotopy of a Closed k-Surface." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 214–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11774938_17.

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Wu, N. J., and A. Ignatiev. "The Graphite (0001)-(2 × 2)K Surface Intercalated Structure." In The Structure of Surfaces, 326–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82493-7_53.

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Wang, Weichao, Ka Xiong, Robert M. Wallace, and Kyeongjae Cho. "Theoretical Progress on GaAs (001) Surface and GaAs/High-k Interface." In High-k Gate Dielectrics for CMOS Technology, 407–31. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646340.ch13.

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Yuan, Xin, Xiaoxu Rong, Yan Wang, and Zhilin Liu. "Discontinuous K-Exponential Stabilization of Underactuated Nosymmetry Surface Vessel." In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics, 1769–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3872-4_226.

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Barnett, Joel, Chadwin D. Young, Naim Moumen, Gennadi Bersuker, Jeff J. Peterson, George A. Brown, Byoung Hun Lee, and Howard R. Huff. "Enhanced Surface Preparation Techniques for the Si/High-k Interface." In Solid State Phenomena, 11–14. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-06-x.11.

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Van Elshocht, Sven, A. Delabie, B. Brijs, Matty Caymax, Thierry Conard, Bart Onsia, Riikka Puurunen, et al. "Surface Preparation Techniques for High-k Deposition on Ge Substrates." In Solid State Phenomena, 31–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-06-x.31.

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Bell, Michael J., Michel D. Ransom, Michael L. Thompson, Philippe Hinsinger, Angela M. Florence, Philip W. Moody, and Christopher N. Guppy. "Considering Soil Potassium Pools with Dissimilar Plant Availability." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 163–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_7.

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AbstractSoil potassium (K) has traditionally been portrayed as residing in four functional pools: solution K, exchangeable K, interlayer (sometimes referred to as “fixed” or “nonexchangeable”) K, and structural K in primary minerals. However, this four-pool model and associated terminology have created confusion in understanding the dynamics of K supply to plants and the fate of K returned to the soil in fertilizers, residues, or waste products. This chapter presents an alternative framework to depict soil K pools. The framework distinguishes between micas and feldspars as K-bearing primary minerals, based on the presence of K in interlayer positions or three-dimensional framework structures, respectively; identifies a pool of K in neoformed secondary minerals that can include fertilizer reaction products; and replaces the “exchangeable” K pool with a pool defined as “surface-adsorbed” K, identifying where the K is located and the mechanism by which it is held rather than identification based on particular soil testing procedures. In this chapter, we discuss these K pools and their behavior in relation to plant K acquisition and soil K dynamics.
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Young, Arthur, Lee Rottler, and Andrew Skumanich. "Fluorescence-induced surface inhomogeneities and ejection and trapping of plasma by the K dwarf component of V471 Tauri." In Surface Inhomogeneities on Late-Type Stars, 75–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55310-x_136.

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Mumford, D. "An Algebraic Surface with K Ample, (K2) = 9, pg = q = 0." In Selected Papers, 784–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4265-7_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "K Surface"

1

Ke Deng, Heng Tao Shen, Kai Xu, and Xuemin Lin. "Surface k-NN Query Processing." In 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2006.152.

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Hodgson, J. A., K. V. Knights, M. Glennon, S. Carey, and M. D. Ture. "Airborne Radiometric Data Assessment and Comparison with Topsoil Geochemical U, Th and K." In Near Surface Geoscience 2013. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131436.

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Dalchiele, E. A., J. M. Rosolen, and F. Decker. "Photoelectrochemical characterization of AxC60(A=Li,K) thin films in a solid state cell." In The 8th Latin American congress on surface science: Surfaces , vacuum, and their applications. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51188.

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Syed, Shaul Hameed, Muralidharan V, Pradeep Kumar D, and Ravikumar S PhD. "Effect of k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN) in Classifying Planetary Gearbox Faults Using Statistical Features." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-28-0556.

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Strobbia, C. "Weighted F-K for surface wave analysis." In 8th EEGS-ES Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406199.

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Bugaev, E. A., Anatoli I. Fedorenko, V. V. Kondratenko, and E. N. Zubarev. "Thermal stability of normal incidence multilayer mirrors for x-ray wavelength near carbon K-edge." In X-ray Optics and Surface Science, edited by Alexander V. Vinogradov. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.200278.

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Hasegawa, Kunio, and Yinsheng Li. "Assessment of Fatigue Crack Growths for Transformed Surface Flaws Using FFS Codes." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25247.

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If embedded flaws are detected that are close to the component surfaces, proximity rules are used to determine whether the flaws should be treated as embedded flaws as is, or transformed surface flaws. This re-characterization concept is the same in all fitness-for-service codes in the world. However, the rules on transforming embedded flaws to surface flaws differ around the world. The sizes of the re-characterized surface flaws are significantly different. The objective of this paper is to introduce the proximity rules provided by the fitness-for-service codes, and it is shown that lives of components due to fatigue crack growths for the transformed surface flaws are significantly different among the fitness-for-service codes.
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Gostein, M. "Surface Wave Metrology for Copper/Low-k Interconnects." In CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2005. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2063009.

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Qian, Haiyang, Peihua Jing, Arindam Chakraborty, and Angah Miessi. "Crack Surface Pressure Effect on Leak-Before-Break Evaluation." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25864.

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Leak-Before-Break (LBB) analysis allows nuclear power plants to eliminate consideration of the dynamic effects of pipe rupture from the plant design basis for the affected Class I piping system, and remove protective hardware such as pipe whip restraints, jet impingement barriers, etc. Accurately calculating leakage rate of the postulated circumferential flaw in the pipe line system is critical for the LBB analysis. To obtain the final leakage rate, two calculations have to be performed: critical circumferential flaw size and then, the corresponding leakage rate through the flaw. If present, including crack face pressure in the evaluation will help enlarge the crack opening distance and hence, increase the leakage flow rate per unit flaw length. However, it creates larger force and bending moment on the crack, which reduces the critical flaw size and therefore, limits the final leakage amount. The opposite effect of crack face pressure on critical flaw size and leakage rate per unit flaw size needs to be evaluated ascertain its overall effect on LBB evaluation. In this paper, leakage rates are calculated and compared for cases with or without consideration of crack face pressure for various piping systems with typical dimensions and loadings. The crack face pressure effect on the final leakage rate of LBB evaluation is discussed.
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Satou, Manabu. "Mechanical Fatigue of Wall Surface Caused by Liquid Droplet Impingement." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25436.

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Pipe wall thinning caused by water or steam flow was observed associated with oxide layer inside of the pipe. Interaction between oxide formation and corrosion or erosion due to the water or steam flow may be an essential phenomenon of the wall thinning. Thinning rate of the wall therefore depends on the formation of the oxide. In the case of wall thinning caused by liquid droplet impingement (LDI) erosion models, mechanical fatigue of the layers is of interest from estimation of the wall thinning rate. In this paper, from a fundamental point of view, to examine parameters related to adhesion strength of the interface in the model equation of material removal from the wall by multiple droplet impingements, evaluation of adhesion strength between piping material and surface oxide layer was carried out using a laser shock method. Several model oxide layers were prepared at elevated temperatures in oxidizing environments on a carbon steel. Results from the measurements of the adhesive strength of the oxide layer formed on the carbon steel at elevated temperatures, the interface had a comparative strength or less of the yield stress of the carbon steel. It was found that reputation of the loading by laser shots up to 104 times did not affect the adhesive strength so far. A kinetic modeling of the wall thinning caused by the LDI was suggested higher cycle mechanical fatigue.
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Reports on the topic "K Surface"

1

Pitner, A. L. Test plan for surface and subsurface examinations of K-east and K-west fuel elements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/16883.

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Abrefah, J., S. C. Marschman, and E. D. Jenson. Examination of the surface coating removed from K-East Basin fuel elements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/291174.

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Abrefah, J., D. L. Alexander, and S. C. Marschman. Drying Results of K-Basin Damaged/Corroded SNF Internal Sludge and Surface Coating. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/763030.

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Burks, B. L., F. W. DePiero, M. A. Dinkins, J. C. Rowe, C. B. Selleck, and D. L. Jacoboski. Waste-surface mapping of the Fernald K-65 silos using a structured light measurement system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103256.

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Burks, B. L., F. W. DePiero, M. A. Dinkins, J. C. Rowe, C. B. Selleck, and D. L. Jacoboski. Waste-surface mapping of the Fernald K-65 silos using a structured light measurement system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6755754.

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Cooper, T. D. Spent nuclear fuel project surface area estimates for N-Reactor fuel in the K East basin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/328129.

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Hammond, Glenn E., and Randall Timothy Cygan. GEOQU?MICO : an interactive tool for comparing sorption conceptual models (surface complexation modeling verus K[D]). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922751.

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Cooper, T. D. Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) surface area estimates for N Reactor fuel in the K-East Basin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/662126.

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Overbeck, J. R., M. D. Hendricks, and N. E. M. Kinsman. Photogrammetric digital surface models and orthoimagery for the continuous coastline, Wales to Platinum, Alaska, segment K: Nightmute to Kipnuk. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30089.

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Gilbert, R. O., and W. J. Klover. Statistical analyses of in-situ and soil-sample measurements for radionuclides in surface soil near the 116-K-2 trench. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7152042.

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