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Journal articles on the topic 'K-edge subtraction'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Suwa, Akio, Hiroshi Fukagawa, Kiwamu Suzuki, Shin Hasegawa, Masami Ando, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Masayoshi Akisada, et al. "X-Ray K-Edge Subtraction Television System." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 27, Part 1, No. 10 (October 20, 1988): 1989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.27.1989.

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2

Fukagawa, Hiroshi, Chosaku Noda, Yoichi Suzuki, Shin Hasegawa, Masami Ando, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Katsuyuki Nishimura, et al. "Real time K‐edge subtraction x‐ray imaging." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 7 (July 1989): 2268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140790.

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3

Akisada, M. "K-edge subtraction using synchrotron radiation for coronary angiography." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 37, no. 1 (January 1986): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(86)90230-3.

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4

Zhang, H., Y. Zhu, B. Bewer, L. Zhang, M. Korbas, I. J. Pickering, G. N. George, M. Gupta, and D. Chapman. "Comparison of iodine K-edge subtraction and fluorescence subtraction imaging in an animal system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 594, no. 2 (September 2008): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.06.030.

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5

Mayo, Sheridan C., Sam Y. S. Yang, Marina Pervukhina, Michael B. Clennell, Lionel Esteban, Sarah C. Irvine, Karen K. Siu, Anton S. Maksimenko, and Andrew M. Tulloh. "Characterization of Darai Limestone Composition and Porosity Using Data-Constrained Modeling and Comparison with Xenon K-Edge Subtraction Imaging." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, no. 4 (May 29, 2015): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615000653.

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AbstractData-constrained modeling is a method that enables three-dimensional distribution of mineral phases and porosity in a sample to be modeled based on micro-computed tomography scans acquired at different X-ray energies. Here we describe an alternative method for measuring porosity, synchrotron K-edge subtraction using xenon gas as a contrast agent. Results from both methods applied to the same Darai limestone sample are compared. Reasonable agreement between the two methods and with other porosity measurements is obtained. The possibility of a combination of data-constrained modeling and K-edge subtraction methods for more accurate sample characterization is discussed.

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6

Gillam, John E., Daniel Kitcher, Toby E. Beveridge, Stewart Midgley, Chris Hall, and Rob A. Lewis. "K-edge subtraction using an energy-resolving position-sensitive detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 604, no. 1-2 (June 2009): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.133.

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7

Ueda, Ken, Keiji Umetani, Tohoru Takeda, Masayoshi Akisada, Teiichi Nakajima, Izumi Anno, and Chiri Yamaguchi. "A cine K‐edge subtraction angiographic system for animal studies." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 7 (July 1989): 2272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140791.

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8

Clements, N., D. Richtsmeier, A. Hart, and M. Bazalova-Carter. "Multi-contrast CT imaging using a high energy resolution CdTe detector and a CZT photon-counting detector." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): P01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/p01004.

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Abstract Computed tomography (CT) imaging with high energy resolution detectors shows great promise in material decomposition and multi-contrast imaging. Multi-contrast imaging was studied by imaging a phantom with iodine (I), gadolinium (Gd), and gold (Au) solutions, and mixtures of the three using a cadmium telluride (CdTe) spectrometer with an energy resolution of 1% as well as with a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector with an energy resolution of 13%. The phantom was imaged at 120 kVp and 1.1 mA with 7 mm of aluminum filtration. For the CdTe data collection, the phantom was imaged using a 0.2 mm diameter x-ray beam with 96 ten-second data acquisitions across the phantom at 45 rotation angles. For the CZT detector, we had 720 projections using a cone beam, and the six detector energy thresholds were set to 23, 33, 50, 64, 81, and 120 keV so that three thresholds corresponded to the K-edges of the contrast agents. Contrast agent isolation methods were then examined. K-edge subtraction and novel spectrometric algebraic image reconstruction (SAIR) were used for the CdTe data. K-edge subtraction alone was used for the CZT data. Linearity plots produced similar R 2 values and slopes for all three reconstruction methods. Comparing CdTe methods, SAIR offered less noise than CdTe K-edge subtraction and better geometric accuracy at low contrast concentrations. CdTe contrast agent images of I, Gd, and Au offered less noise and greater contrast than the CZT images, highlighting the benefits of high energy resolution CdTe detectors for possible use in pre-clinical or clinical CT imaging.

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9

Bewer, Brian, Honglin Zhang, Ying Zhu, Limei Zhang, Graham N. George, Ingrid J. Pickering, and Dean Chapman. "Development of a combined K-edge subtraction and fluorescence subtraction imaging system for small animals." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 8 (August 2008): 085102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964120.

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10

Anno, I., M. Akisada, T. Takeda, Y. Sugishita, M. Kakihana, S. Ohtsuka, K. Nishimura, et al. "Animal experiments by K‐edge subtraction angiography by using SR (abstract)." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 7 (July 1989): 2330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140756.

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11

Thomlinson, W., H. Elleaume, L. Porra, and P. Suortti. "K-edge subtraction synchrotron X-ray imaging in bio-medical research." Physica Medica 49 (May 2018): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.389.

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12

Zhang Qiang and Hiroyuki Toda. "Synchrotron K-edge subtraction imaging and its application to metallic foams." Acta Physica Sinica 60, no. 11 (2011): 114103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.60.114103.

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13

Takeda, T., M. Akisada, T. Nakajima, I. Anno, K. Ueda, K. Umetani, and C. Yamaguchi. "SR high‐speed K‐edge subtraction angiography in the small animal (abstract)." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 7 (July 1989): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140755.

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14

Bassey, B., N. Samadi, A. Panahifar, D. M. L. Cooper, and D. Chapman. "Crossover artifact in X-ray focusing imaging systems: K-edge subtraction imaging." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 910 (December 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.08.072.

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15

Schültke, E., S. Fiedler, M. Kelly, R. Griebel, B. Juurlink, G. LeDuc, F. Estève, et al. "The potential for neurovascular intravenous angiography using K-edge digital subtraction angiography." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 548, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.03.071.

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16

Bach, David, Reinhard Schneider, and Dagmar Gerthsen. "EELS of Niobium and Stoichiometric Niobium-Oxide Phases—Part II: Quantification." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, no. 6 (October 26, 2009): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609991061.

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AbstractA comprehensive electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) study of niobium (Nb) and stable Nb-oxide phases (NbO, NbO2, Nb2O5) was carried out. Part II of this work is devoted to quantitative EELS by means of experimental k-factors derived from the intensity ratio of the O-K edge and the Nb-M4,5 or Nb-M2,3 edges for all three stable Nb-oxides. The precision and accuracy of the quantification are investigated with respect to the influence of intensity-measurement energy windows, background subtraction, and sample thickness. Integration-window widths allowing optimum accuracy are determined. Owing to background-subtraction errors, the Nb-M4,5 edges rather than Nb-M2,3 are preferred for quantification. Different approaches are applied to improve the precision with regard to thickness-related errors. Thus, a precision up to ±1.5% is achieved by averaging spectra from all three reference oxides to determine a k-factor using Nb-M4,5. Using the experimental k-factor, the determination of atomic concentration ratios CNb/CO in the range of 0.4 (Nb2O5) to 1 (NbO) was found to be possible with an accuracy of 0.6% (relative deviation between measured and nominal composition), whereas ratios of calculated partial ionization cross sections lead to less accurate results.

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17

OGURI, Y., J. HASEGAWA, M. OGAWA, J. KANEKO, and K. SASA. "A PHANTOM TEST OF PROTON-INDUCED DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ANGIOGRAPHY USING IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA." International Journal of PIXE 17, no. 01n02 (January 2007): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083507001058.

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Characteristic-line radiation from heavy metal targets bombarded by MeV proton beams has been tested as an X-ray source for dual-energy K-edge subtraction imaging for human angiography (blood vessel imaging) based on iodinated contrast media. To utilize the strong absorption by iodine (Z = 53) at its K-absorption edge (33.2 keV), we used K α-line of La (lanthanum, Z = 57) at 33.4 keV. As a reference, also K α X emission of Sn (tin, Z = 50) at 25.2 keV was employed. Metallic plates of La and Sn were irradiated by 7-MeV protons to produce these characteristic X-rays. Energy-subtraction method was tested using Lucite phantoms which contain aqueous solutions of KI (potassium iodide) with different concentrations. Also Ca ( H 2 PO 4)2 powder was stuffed in these phantoms to simulate bones. The transmission images of the phantoms were recorded on imaging plates. During the exposure, the energy spectra of the X-rays were monitored by a CdTe detector. We found that the contrast of images of iodide solutions taken with La X-rays was higher than that with Sn X-rays. Also the energy subtraction procedure was successfully applied to reduce the graphical noise due to the bones and inhomogeneity of the soft tissue. However, to apply the present method to actual clinical use, the X-ray intensity must be increased by several orders of magnitude. Also the transmission of the “lower-energy” photons has to be a few orders higher for imaging of objects as thick as human chest.

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18

Kelcz, F., W. W. Peppler, C. A. Mistretta, A. DeSmet, and A. A. McBeath. "K-edge digital subtraction arthrography of the painful hip prosthesis: a feasibility study." American Journal of Roentgenology 155, no. 5 (November 1990): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.155.5.2120935.

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19

Paternò, G., P. Cardarelli, M. Gambaccini, L. Serafini, V. Petrillo, I. Drebot, and A. Taibi. "Inverse Compton radiation: a novel x-ray source for K-edge subtraction angiography?" Physics in Medicine & Biology 64, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 185002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab325c.

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20

Hayakawa, Y., K. Hayakawa, T. Kaneda, K. Nogami, T. Sakae, T. Sakai, I. Sato, Y. Takahashi, and T. Tanaka. "Simultaneous K-edge subtraction tomography for tracing strontium using parametric X-ray radiation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 402 (July 2017): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.03.014.

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21

Panahifar, Arash, Nazanin Samadi, Treena M. Swanston, L. Dean Chapman, and David M. L. Cooper. "Spectral K-edge subtraction imaging of experimental non-radioactive barium uptake in bone." Physica Medica 32, no. 12 (December 2016): 1765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.619.

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22

Kobayashi, S. "Advantage of appropriate K-edge filters for one-shot dual-energy subtraction sialography." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 27, no. 3 (1998): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600337.

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23

Kulpe, Stephanie, Martin Dierolf, Eva Braig, Benedikt Günther, Klaus Achterhold, Bernhard Gleich, Julia Herzen, Ernst Rummeny, Franz Pfeiffer, and Daniela Pfeiffer. "K-edge subtraction imaging for coronary angiography with a compact synchrotron X-ray source." PLOS ONE 13, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): e0208446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208446.

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24

Sarnelli, A., A. Taibi, A. Tuffanelli, G. Baldazzi, D. Bollini, A. E. Cabal Rodriguez, M. Gombia, et al. "K-edge digital subtraction imaging based on a dichromatic and compact x-ray source." Physics in Medicine and Biology 49, no. 14 (July 6, 2004): 3291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/14/019.

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25

Sarnelli, A., H. Elleaume, A. Taibi, M. Gambaccini, and A. Bravin. "K-edge digital subtraction imaging with dichromatic x-ray sources: SNR and dose studies." Physics in Medicine and Biology 51, no. 17 (August 15, 2006): 4311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/17/012.

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26

Takeda, T., Y. Itai, H. Yoshioka, K. Umetani, K. Ueda, and M. Akisada. "Synchrotron radiation cine K-edge energy subtraction coronary arteriography using an iodine filter method." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 32, no. 4 (July 1994): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02524704.

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27

Cooper, D. M. L., L. D. Chapman, Y. Carter, Y. Wu, A. Panahifar, H. M. Britz, B. Bewer, W. Zhouping, M. J. M. Duke, and M. Doschak. "Three dimensional mapping of strontium in bone by dual energy K-edge subtraction imaging." Physics in Medicine and Biology 57, no. 18 (September 5, 2012): 5777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/57/18/5777.

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28

Sarnelli, A., A. Taibi, P. Baldelli, M. Gambaccini, and A. Bravin. "Quantitative analysis of the effect of energy separation in k-edge digital subtraction imaging." Physics in Medicine and Biology 52, no. 11 (May 8, 2007): 3015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/52/11/006.

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29

Liu, D. R., S. S. Shinozaki, J. U. Hangas, and K. Maeda. "Electron-energy-loss spectra of silicon carbide of 4H and 6H structures." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 736–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087999.

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The properties of silicon carbide can be tailored with addition of various sintering aides. It is desirable to understand the microstructure of these materials as related to their properties. For example, there is a debate whether there is some Be at all in the 4H structure of SiC doped with BeO. It is very difficult to use the conventional EELS quantification procedure to investigate the Be presence of minute amount in SiC. In any spectrum collected from SiC doped with BeO, the huge Si-L23 edge at 100 eV would extend well above 200 eV and make it impossible to identify a small Be-K edge at 111 eV. However, progress has been made in solving this problem as reported in the present paper. A spectrum from SiC with the BeO additive is compared with a spectrum from SiC without BeO, and the difference of the two spectra starting at 111 eV, if present, should be the Be-K edge signal. Thus, one does not have to fit the background before the Be-K edge with the usual power law A.E-r, and the background subtraction error is greatly reduced.

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30

Toda, Hiroyuki, Tomomi Ohgaki, Yasutaka Takami, Masakazu Kobayashi, Toshiro Kobayashi, Yoshio Suzuki, and Kentaro Uesugi. "3D Elemental Mapping by K Edge Subtraction Imaging in an Al-Zn-Ca-Ti Alloy." Materia Japan 46, no. 12 (2007): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.46.818.

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31

Guo Rongyi, 郭荣怡, 马红娟 Ma Hongjuan, 薛艳玲 Xue Yanling, 谢红兰 Xie Honglan, 邓彪 Deng Biao, 杜国浩 Du Guohao, 王敏 Wang Min, and 肖体乔 Xiao Tiqiao. "K-Edge Digital Subtraction X-Ray Imaging for Observation of Cu2+Adsorption in Polymer Particles." Acta Optica Sinica 30, no. 10 (2010): 2898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20103010.2898.

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32

Cardarelli, Paolo, Giovanni Di Domenico, Michele Marziani, Irena Muçollari, Gaia Pupillo, Francesco Sisini, Angelo Taibi, and Mauro Gambaccini. "Energy distribution measurement of narrow-band ultrashort x-ray beams via K-edge filters subtraction." Journal of Applied Physics 112, no. 7 (October 2012): 074908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757027.

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33

Hedayat, Assem, George Belev, Ning Zhu, Toby Bond, and David Cooper. "Investigating the Presence of Mercury under a Dental Restoration Using Synchrotron K-Edge Subtraction Imaging." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S2 (August 2018): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618014101.

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34

Zhu, Ying, Honglin Zhang, Brian Bewer, Bogdan Florin Gh. Popescu, Helen Nichol, and Dean Chapman. "Field flatteners fabricated with a rapid prototyper for K-edge subtraction imaging of small animals." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 588, no. 3 (April 2008): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.12.035.

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35

Panahifar, Arash, Treena M. Swanston, M. Jake Pushie, George Belev, Dean Chapman, Lynn Weber, and David M. L. Cooper. "Three-dimensional labeling of newly formed bone using synchrotron radiation barium K-edge subtraction imaging." Physics in Medicine & Biology 61, no. 13 (June 20, 2016): 5077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/61/13/5077.

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36

Kobayashi, Masakazu, Hiroyuki Toda, Akihide Takijiri, Akihisa Takeuchi, Yoshio Suzuki, and Kentaro Uesugi. "W-Concentration 3D Mapping in SKH51 Steel by Dual-Energy K-Absorption Edge Subtraction Imaging." ISIJ International 54, no. 1 (2014): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.141.

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37

Peterzol, A., A. Bravin, P. Coan, and H. Elleaume. "Performance of the K-edge digital subtraction angiography imaging system at the European synchrotron radiation facility." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 117, no. 1-3 (December 1, 2005): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nci710.

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38

Kulpe, Stephanie, Martin Dierolf, Eva-Maria Braig, Benedikt Günther, Klaus Achterhold, Bernhard Gleich, Julia Herzen, Ernst Rummeny, Franz Pfeiffer, and Daniela Pfeiffer. "K-edge subtraction imaging for iodine and calcium separation at a compact synchrotron x-ray source." Journal of Medical Imaging 7, no. 02 (April 21, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmi.7.2.023504.

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39

Schültke, Elisabeth, Stefan Fiedler, Christian Nemoz, Lissa Ogieglo, Michael E. Kelly, Paul Crawford, Francois Esteve, et al. "Synchrotron-based intra-venous K-edge digital subtraction angiography in a pig model: A feasibility study." European Journal of Radiology 73, no. 3 (March 2010): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.01.019.

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40

Deman, P., S. Tan, G. Belev, N. Samadi, M. Martinson, D. Chapman, and N. L. Ford. "Respiratory-gated KES imaging of a rat model of acute lung injury at the Canadian Light Source." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 3 (March 21, 2017): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751700193x.

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In this study, contrast-enhanced X-ray tomographic imaging for monitoring and quantifying respiratory disease in preclinical rodent models is proposed. A K-edge imaging method has been developed at the Canadian Light Source to very accurately obtain measurements of the concentration of iodinated contrast agent in the pulmonary vasculature and inhaled xenon in the airspaces of rats. To compare the iodine and xenon concentration maps, a scout projection image was acquired to define the region of interest within the thorax for imaging and to ensure the same locations were imaged in each K-edge subtraction (KES) acquisition. A method for triggering image acquisition based on the real-time measurements of respiration was also developed to obtain images during end expiration when the lungs are stationary, in contrast to other previously published studies that alter the respiration to accommodate the image acquisition. In this study, images were obtained in mechanically ventilated animals using physiological parameters at the iodine K-edge in vivo and at the xenon K-edge post mortem (but still under mechanical ventilation). The imaging techniques were performed in healthy Brown Norway rats and in age-matched littermates that had an induced lung injury to demonstrate feasibility of the imaging procedures and the ability to correlate the lung injury and the quantitative measurements of contrast agent concentrations between the two KES images. The respiratory-gated KES imaging protocol can be easily adapted to image during any respiratory phase and is feasible for imaging disease models with compromised lung function.

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41

Zhang, Qiang, Hiroyuki Toda, Masakazu Kobayashi, Yoshio Suzuki, and Kentaro Uesugi. "Three Dimensional Microstructure Characterization of an Al-Zn-Mg Alloy Foam Using Synchrotron X-Ray Microtomography." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2358.

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Synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SPring-8, Japan) has been used for the microstructure characterization in a closed cell Al-Zn-Mg alloy foam. Some sophisticated microstructure features, such as micropores and intermetallic particles inside the cell wall, were visualized and quantified three dimensionally(3D) by the high-resolution phase contrast imaging technique. By microtomographies tuned to energies above and below the Zn K-absorption edge, the 3D quantitation of Zn distribution was obtained using subtraction imaging technique. It has been clarified that the Zn distribution was inhomogeneous in the cell wall of the foam. And the agglomeration of Zn-bearing particles was confirmed to induce the brittle fracture of cell wall. The distributions of Ti and Ca in the foam were also visualized by subtraction method. The current tomographic techniques provide novel solutions for the 3D microstructure analysis in the highly inhomogeneous foam materials.

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42

Toda, Hiroyuki, Kazuyuki Shimizu, Kentaro Uesugi, Yoshio Suzuki, and Masakazu Kobayashi. "Application of Dual-Energy K-Edge Subtraction Imaging to Assessment of Heat Treatments in Al-Cu Alloys." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 51, no. 11 (2010): 2045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.l-m2010819.

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43

Zhang, Qiang, Hiroyuki Toda, Yasutaka Takami, Yoshio Suzuki, Kentaro Uesugi, and Masakazu Kobayashi. "Assessment of 3D inhomogeneous microstructure of highly alloyed aluminium foam via dual energy K-edge subtraction imaging." Philosophical Magazine 90, no. 14 (May 14, 2010): 1853–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430903571438.

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44

Umetani, K., K. Ueda, T. Takeda, M. Akisada, T. Nakajima, and I. Anno. "Iodine K-edge dual-energy imaging for subtraction angiography using synchrotron radiation and a 2-dimensional detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 301, no. 3 (March 1991): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)90026-m.

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45

Chi, Zhijun, Yingchao Du, Wenhui Huang, and Chuanxiang Tang. "Linearly polarized X-ray fluorescence computed tomography based on a Thomson scattering light source: a Monte Carlo study." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520003574.

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A Thomson scattering X-ray source can provide quasi-monochromatic, continuously energy-tunable, polarization-controllable and high-brightness X-rays, which makes it an excellent tool for X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT). In this paper, we examined the suppression of Compton scattering background in XFCT using the linearly polarized X-rays and the implementation feasibility of linearly polarized XFCT based on this type of light source, concerning the influence of phantom attenuation and the sampling strategy, its advantage over K-edge subtraction computed tomography (CT), the imaging time, and the potential pulse pile-up effect by Monte Carlo simulations. A fan beam and pinhole collimator geometry were adopted in the simulation and the phantom was a polymethyl methacrylate cylinder inside which were gadolinium (Gd)-loaded water solutions with Gd concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 4.0 wt%. Compared with the case of vertical polarization, Compton scattering was suppressed by about 1.6 times using horizontal polarization. An accurate image of the Gd-containing phantom was successfully reconstructed with both spatial and quantitative identification, and good linearity between the reconstructed value and the Gd concentration was verified. When the attenuation effect cannot be neglected, one full cycle (360°) sampling and the attenuation correction became necessary. Compared with the results of K-edge subtraction CT, the contrast-to-noise ratio values of XFCT were improved by 2.03 and 1.04 times at low Gd concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 wt%, respectively. When the flux of a Thomson scattering light source reaches 1013 photons s−1, it is possible to finish the data acquisition of XFCT at the minute or second level without introducing pulse pile-up effects.

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Scott, C. P., A. J. Craven, C. J. Gilmore, and A. W. Bowen. "Background Fitting in the Low-Loss Region of Electron Energy Loss Spectra." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100133874.

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The normal method of background subtraction in quantitative EELS analysis involves fitting an expression of the form I=AE-r to an energy window preceding the edge of interest; E is energy loss, A and r are fitting parameters. The calculated fit is then extrapolated under the edge, allowing the required signal to be extracted. In the case where the characteristic energy loss is small (E < 100eV), the background does not approximate to this simple form. One cause of this is multiple scattering. Even if the effects of multiple scattering are removed by deconvolution, it is not clear that the background from the recovered single scattering distribution follows this simple form, and, in any case, deconvolution can introduce artefacts.The above difficulties are particularly severe in the case of Al-Li alloys, where the Li K edge at ~52eV overlaps the Al L2,3 edge at ~72eV, and sharp plasmon peaks occur at intervals of ~15eV in the low loss region. An alternative background fitting technique, based on the work of Zanchi et al, has been tested on spectra taken from pure Al films, with a view to extending the analysis to Al-Li alloys.

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González-Valenzuela, C., F. Espinosa-Magaña, F. Paraguay D., and A. Duarte-Moller. "Structural Characterization of Vanadium Carbide Using Core Ionization Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (Cieels) in Transmission Mode." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600027367.

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Vanadium carbide was purchased as powder at Aldrich with a 99.9% pure. Sample was prepared in the standard method for powder observation in a TEM .EELS experiments were carried out in a Phillips CM 200 STEM equipped with a Gatan 766 PEELS spectrometer. Experimental conditions for acquiring were the follows: a spot size of 500 nm, a chamber length of 400 mm and a detector aperture of 3 mm using a energy dispersion of 0.3 eV/channel with a beam energy of 200 KeV. Acquisition time was around 10 mn. taking an average of 100 spectra.All the EELS spectra were corrected for background subtraction and multiple scattering deconvolution, before the fine structure analysis. The fine structure range was about 200 eV beyond the C-K edge located at energy loss of 283.8 eV and respect to the VL23-edge located at a energy loss of 513 eV.

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Strengell, S., J. Keyriläinen, P. Suortti, S. Bayat, A. R. A. Sovijärvi, and L. Porra. "Radiation dose and image quality inK-edge subtraction computed tomography of lungin vivo." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 6 (October 1, 2014): 1305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751401697x.

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K-edge subtraction computed tomography (KES-CT) allows simultaneous imaging of both structural features and regional distribution of contrast elements inside an organ. Using this technique, regional lung ventilation and blood volume distributions can be measured experimentallyin vivo. In order for this imaging technology to be applicable in humans, it is crucial to minimize exposure to ionizing radiation with little compromise in image quality. The goal of this study was to assess the changes in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of KES-CT lung images as a function of radiation dose. The experiments were performed in anesthetized and ventilated rabbits using inhaled xenon gas in O2at two concentrations: 20% and 70%. Radiation dose, defined as air kerma (Ka), was measured free-in-air and in a 16 cm polymethyl methacrylate phantom with a cylindrical ionization chamber. The dose free-in-air was varied from 2.7 mGy to 8.0 Gy. SNR in the images of xenon in air spaces was above the Rose criterion (SNR > 5) whenKawas over 400 mGy with 20% xenon, and over 40 mGy with 70% xenon. Although in human thorax attenuation is higher, based on these findings it is estimated that, by optimizing the imaging sequence and reconstruction algorithms, the radiation dose could be further reduced to clinically acceptable levels.

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Qi, Peng, Nazanin Samadi, and Dean Chapman. "X-ray Spectral Imaging Program: XSIP." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 6 (September 14, 2020): 1734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520010838.

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Spectral K-edge subtraction imaging and wide-field energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy imaging are novel, related, synchrotron imaging techniques for element absorption contrast imaging and element speciation imaging, respectively. These two techniques serve different goals but share the same X-ray optics principles with a bent Laue type monochromator and the same data processing algorithms. As there is a growing interest to implement these novel techniques in synchrotron facilities, Python-based software has been developed to automate the data processing procedures for both techniques. In this paper, the concept of the essential data processing algorithms are explained, the workflow of the software is described, and the main features and some related utilities are introduced.

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Brun, Francesco, Vittorio Di Trapani, Jonas Albers, Pasquale Sacco, Diego Dreossi, Luca Brombal, Luigi Rigon, et al. "Single-shot K-edge subtraction x-ray discrete computed tomography with a polychromatic source and the Pixie-III detector." Physics in Medicine & Biology 65, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 055016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab7105.

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