Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Juvenile worls'

The family serves as the primary socializing institution and a key predictor for the involvement of deviant activities for youths (Hoeve et al., 2011). Bonds between parent and child serve many purposes such as providing healthy attachment necessary to living a life without crime. Without bonds and feelings of love, deviant behaviors may ensue in children. The current study examined the impact of parental warmth on the prediction of desistance from crime among serious juvenile offenders using a cross sectional design. The sample of 14 to 17-year-old male and female offenders (N =1354) was composed primarily of ethnic minority youths. Results indicate that maternal warmth is a significant predictor for desistance across total, income and aggressive offending. However, paternal warmth is found to be a significant predictor for the income offending variety type only. These finding highlight the need for added supports for parents of juvenile offenders throughout the rehabilitation process. Advocacy, community resources and training efforts are needed to promote healthy parental/guardian relationships which will in return help juvenile offenders become successful desisters in the community. Additional research is needed to explore the changing dynamics of the family in society today as its impact on desistance from crime.

Background: The process of level of care (LOC) determination has been traditionally fraught with unreliability and lack of objectivity. There is a similar need for reliable objective LOC determination tools for youth in the juvenile justice systems, which have high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and unmet mental health needs and are disproportionately from minority backgrounds. The CASII has already demonstrated significant interrater reliability and validity in studies with mental health and child welfare populations. Method: In 2004 and 2005, the Tennessee CPORT team reviewed 206 youth in the juvenile justice system ages 13 and older, 92.8% male, with 37.4% Caucasian, 55.8% African American. Instruments used included the CASII, CAFAS, CBCL, YSR, TRF, and the CPORT Child and Family Indicators. Results: There was a significant correlation between all of the CASII subscales and the CAFAS Total Scores (Pearson coefficients 0.210 to 0.618). The CASII Total Score and the CASII LOC were both highly correlated to CBCL, the YSR, and the TRF total scores and sub-scales. Significant correlations between the CASII LOC were found in 10 of the 13 CPORT Child and Family Indicators, while actual LOC placement was significantly correlated with only 4 of the 13 dimensions. The actual LOC placement was significantly different than recommended CASII LOC (p < 0.0000), with the majority of recommended LOCs being lower. Conclusions: This LOC tool is demonstrating high levels of reliability and validity in different systems of care settings, including juvenile justice, child welfare, and mental health contexts. Use of the CASII could result in significant savings in resources that could be used to provide services for adolescent offenders, and in reduction in unnecessary restrictiveness of placements.

A 3 year old Hispanic male presented with fevers, skin rash, left neck swelling and refusal to walk of several days duration. Physical exam revealed a febrile, fussy toddler with a tender, cystic lesion in the left submandibular region. Both ankles had tender cystic lesions on the lateral malleolar regions. Labs: WBC 33,000 with neutrophilia, bandemia, thrombocytosis, and increased ESR and CRP. MRI of the neck and ankles revealed cystic lymphatic malformations with no communication with the joints.ENT specialist was consulted and neck cystic lesion was aspirated to rule out a septic focus. Bone scan of the lower extremities ruled out infectious or malignant etiology. He was started on multiple antibiotics with a presumed diagnosis of sepsis. An ECHO on the 4th hospital day showed a pericardial effusion which required a pericardial window. He also developed bilateral pleural effusions which resolved with supportive treatment. Aspirates from the cystic lesions, pericardial fluid, blood and urine cultures were sterile. Even in the second week of hospital stay, he continued to spike high fevers (Tmax 107) with high white counts and left shift inspite of treatment with antibiotics. A diagnosis of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SOJIA) was made with input from rheumatologist. Antibiotics were discontinued and steroids were started with good response. Cystic lesions were treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy with doxycycline. He was discharged home on oral steroids, NSAID’s and weekly methotrexate. Etanercept was added to decrease dependence on oral steroids. He remains in good health 2 years since initial presentation. Discussion: A febrile toddler who refuses to walk is a common clinical presentation in pediatrics. Differential diagnosis of such a patient includes osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, acute rheumatic fever, leukemia and non-accidental trauma. The presence of systemic extra-articular symptoms as in our patient must alert the pediatrician to systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (SOJIA). It accounts for 10-20% of all juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients with an incidence of 0.4-0.8 per 100,000. SOJIA differs from other conditions in its multisystem involvement. Clinical features like pleurisy, pericarditis, spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy overshadow the joint symptoms. The joint involvement may be completely absent or may be a late clinical feature. These patients have leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and high inflammatory markers simulating a septic focus. In our patient, the accurate diagnosis was complicated by the confounding presence of multiple cystic lymphatic lesions. Treatment of SOJIA is challenging. Oral steroids, NSAID’s, methotrexate, etanercept and the newer anakinra have been used with varying success. Our case underlines the importance of considering a diagnosis of systemic onset JIA in a febrile toddler even in the absence of overt joint involvement.

Early exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction is linked to long-term detrimental effects on mental and physical health. Most research examines community adult samples, which do not adequately describe the experiences of youths involved with child protection, social service agencies, and the criminal justice system. Research regarding the effect of cumulative adversity on sex offending youths is needed to inform treatment and responses to abuse, maltreatment, and household dysfunction in their early development. We also know little regarding how other factors – such as environmental responsiveness, availability of health care services, and regional or area differences in exposure to adversity – affect such outcomes. Our current study investigates the prevalence of childhood trauma and maltreatment using the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) survey in a sample of juvenile sex offenders in residential treatment. Important research questions include: 1) rates of maltreatment, violence exposure, and familial dysfunction in these youths; 2) frequency of placement in foster care, prior residential treatment, or other out-of-home placements and the relationship of childhood adversity and/or aggressive behavior by the juvenile; and 3) rates of childhood adversity, length of exposure, and environmental responsiveness to trauma as the result of rural vs. urban origin of the youth. We are currently collecting data from archival records of male adolescents who have received residential care and sexual offender treatment at a youth treatment center since the facility’s start in 2003. The expected participant pool includes approximately 500 juveniles referred for residential sex offender treatment for periods ranging from six months to three years. Data collection began in November 2014, and our current preliminary subsample (n = 30) is approximately 6.7% of the anticipated total. These participants are primarily White (9.67%) with a mean age of 14.77 years old (SD=1.43) at admission. Data collection is ongoing, and we expect to have 40-45% of data collection (est. n = 200) completed by October 2015. Our findings thus far suggest that these juveniles have experienced higher rates of adverse childhood experiences than the general adult population, as reported in the literature. All 30 sampled have experienced at least one adverse event, and over 86% experienced four or more adversities (see Table 1). The average first out-of-home placement occurred at 9.5 years of age, with an average of 5.87 years spent in out-of-home placements prior to admission to the treatment facility. Preliminary statistics indicate differences in rates of adversities between metropolitan areas, non-core urban population areas, and rural areas using the rural-urban continuum codes outlined by the U.S.

The prevalence of adversities in early childhood, such as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as familial dysfunction (e.g., caregiver divorce/separation, caregiver incarceration, etc.) is often examined in community adult samples. According to the Kaiser Permanente’s Adverse Childhood Experiences study, 10.6% of the general population reported experiencing emotional abuse in childhood, 28.3% reported experiencing physical abuse in childhood, and 20.7% reported being the victim of sexual abuse in childhood. Notably, many reported experiencing multiple forms of abuse. These statistics, however, are not generalizable to the experiences of youths involved with the criminal justice system, which are understudied but likely higher than in a general community sample. Research regarding the effect of adversity on sex offending youths is necessary to inform treatment and responses to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood. Participants were recruited from archival data gathered at a rural residential juvenile sex offender treatment facility. Our preliminary subsample is approximately 6.7% (n = 30) of the anticipated total of approximately 500 juveniles in the residential sex offender treatment program. Our sample was entirely male (100%), primarily white (96.7%), and had a mean age of 14.77 (SD=1.43) at the time of admission. Using the rural-urban continuum codes outline by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 23% of our current sample was admitted to the facility from metropolitan areas, 20% from non-core urban population areas, and 3.3% from rural areas. The data collection began in November of 2014, and is ongoing. We can expect to have approximately 10 to 15% of data collection (n = 50-75) by April 2015. Our findings, thus far, indicate that 43% of juvenile sex offenders experienced emotional abuse, 70% experienced physical abuse, and 63% experienced sexual abuse in early childhood. We have also found that approximately 87% of our sample experienced caregiver divorce or separation, and 40% experienced caregiver incarceration during childhood. These findings suggest that these juveniles have experienced higher rates of early childhood abuse and familial dysfunction than the general adult population, as reported in the literature. As data collection proceeds, we expect to continue to find a notably higher rate of childhood abuse and familial dysfunction among juvenile sex offenders in residential treatment compared to the general population, and we will continue to examine all potential differences between juveniles from rural and urban areas.

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Neste estudo buscou-se conhecer a realidade concreta do trabalho juvenil diante dos avanços jurídicos, bem como das várias transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho hoje. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que a ambigüidade entre o factual e o legal e a necessidade da reversão desta realidade só se efetivará com um conjunto de ações integradas no tempo e espaço, pelas diferentes políticas publicas. O objetivo geral deste estudo, portanto, é analisar o processo de inserção do adolescente no mundo do trabalho, contribuindo para a ampliação do conhecimento científico sobre a questão social mundo do trabalho e trabalho juvenil. Para alcançá-lo, determinou-se como objetivos específicos: delinear a visão dos representantes dos vários órgãos envolvidos com a proteção dos direitos dos adolescentes no que tange ao trabalho; identificar as atividades produtivas, as condições de trabalho e a remuneração dos adolescentes pesquisados; verificar o grau de escolaridade e dificuldades encontradas pelos adolescentes relacionadas à Instituição Escola; constatar se a inserção profissional oportuniza a capacitação profissional. Para tanto, foram entrevistados adolescentes trabalhadores e representantes dos órgãos públicos do município de Bauru, Estado de São Paulo, ligados diretamente à questão. Os dados levantados demonstraram que o trabalho juvenil, embora existindo um aparato legal, continua trilhando por caminhos que necessitam de cuidados e revisões especiais para a formação da cidadania dos homens do amanhã, do contrário, frente à vulnerabilidade do segmento, estar-se-á sacramentando a exclusão social.
This study searches to know the exact reality of the youthful labour in front of the legal advances, as well as the many transformations occurred nowadays in the working world. The presupposition used was the ambiguity among the factual and the legal, as also the need of reversion of this reality, that will only take place within an entire collection of integrated actions in time and space, done by the different public policies. The general objective of this study is, therefore, to analyse the process of teenager introduction in the working world, contributing to the amplification of the scientific knowledge about the social question working world and youthful labour. In order to reach this, the determinated specific objectives were: sketch the vision of the representatives of several institutions involved in the protection of children rights as regards as the work; identification of productive activities; the conditions of the work and the remuneration of the investigated teenagers; find out the school degree and the difficulties faced by the teenagers related to the School Institution; confirm if the professional insertion opportunises professional capacity. So, worker teenagers had been interviewed as well the representatives of the public institution of Bauru Town, São Paulo State, Brazil, which were connected to the question. The raised up reports show that the youthful labour, although the legal pageantry, continues on a way that needs attentions and special revisions to be able to form the citizenship of the future men, otherwise, because of the segment vulnerability, the social exclusion will have been assumed.

Orientador: Neide Ap. de Souza Lehfeld
Banca: Oris de Oliveira
Banca: Paulo de Tarso Oliveira
Resumo: Neste estudo buscou-se conhecer a realidade concreta do trabalho juvenil diante dos avanços jurídicos, bem como das várias transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho hoje. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que a ambigüidade entre o factual e o legal e a necessidade da reversão desta realidade só se efetivará com um conjunto de ações integradas no tempo e espaço, pelas diferentes políticas publicas. O objetivo geral deste estudo, portanto, é analisar o processo de inserção do adolescente no mundo do trabalho, contribuindo para a ampliação do conhecimento científico sobre a questão social "mundo do trabalho e trabalho juvenil". Para alcançá-lo, determinou-se como objetivos específicos: delinear a visão dos representantes dos vários órgãos envolvidos com a proteção dos direitos dos adolescentes no que tange ao trabalho; identificar as atividades produtivas, as condições de trabalho e a remuneração dos adolescentes pesquisados; verificar o grau de escolaridade e dificuldades encontradas pelos adolescentes relacionadas à Instituição Escola; constatar se a inserção profissional oportuniza a capacitação profissional. Para tanto, foram entrevistados adolescentes trabalhadores e representantes dos órgãos públicos do município de Bauru, Estado de São Paulo, ligados diretamente à questão. Os dados levantados demonstraram que o trabalho juvenil, embora existindo um aparato legal, continua trilhando por caminhos que necessitam de cuidados e revisões especiais para a formação da cidadania dos homens do amanhã, do contrário, frente à vulnerabilidade do segmento, estar-se-á sacramentando a exclusão social.
Abstract: This study searches to know the exact reality of the youthful labour in front of the legal advances, as well as the many transformations occurred nowadays in the working world. The presupposition used was the ambiguity among the factual and the legal, as also the need of reversion of this reality, that will only take place within an entire collection of integrated actions in time and space, done by the different public policies. The general objective of this study is, therefore, to analyse the process of teenager introduction in the working world, contributing to the amplification of the scientific knowledge about the social question "working world and youthful labour". In order to reach this, the determinated specific objectives were: sketch the vision of the representatives of several institutions involved in the protection of children rights as regards as the work; identification of productive activities; the conditions of the work and the remuneration of the investigated teenagers; find out the school degree and the difficulties faced by the teenagers related to the School Institution; confirm if the professional insertion opportunises professional capacity. So, worker teenagers had been interviewed as well the representatives of the public institution of Bauru Town, São Paulo State, Brazil, which were connected to the question. The raised up reports show that the youthful labour, although the legal pageantry, continues on a way that needs attentions and special revisions to be able to form the citizenship of the future men, otherwise, because of the segment vulnerability, the social exclusion will have been assumed.
Mestre

Num contexto de ampliaÃÃo significativa da participaÃÃo de jovens em polÃticas pÃblicas de juventude ofertadas por diversas esferas da administraÃÃo pÃblica, esta dissertaÃÃo trata dos encontros e desencontros entre os mundos de vida juvenis e estas polÃticas. Neste intuito, discute as motivaÃÃes dos jovens para participar do Programa Projovem Urbano em Fortaleza, analisa os significados que os interlocutores atribuem a esta experiÃncia e suas representaÃÃes sobre o Programa, dando Ãnfase à influÃncia das mÃltiplas vivÃncias nos contextos familiares, no campo das relaÃÃes afetivas, nos processos de escolarizaÃÃo, no mundo do trabalho e de seus projetos de futuro. Os narradores privilegiados no processo de interlocuÃÃo desta pesquisa foram cinco jovens que participaram do Programa entre os anos de 2010 e 2011, tendo concluÃdo-o ou nÃo. A abordagem utilizada foi qualitativa, tendo como mÃtodos a observaÃÃo participante e vivencial em atividades e eventos do Projovem Urbano e a reconstituiÃÃo das trajetÃrias sociais dos jovens interlocutores por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Ademais, foram realizadas entrevistas com educadores e membros da coordenaÃÃo municipal do Programa visando captar discursos oficiais e compreender aspectos organizacionais que influenciam o cotidiano do Projovem. O estudo aponta que o Projovem Urbano se constituiu como uma experiÃncia significativa na vida dos jovens entrevistados, tendo como elemento de destaque a relaÃÃo prÃxima estabelecida entre educadores e alunos e a qualidade do ensino ofertado. Contudo, ainda persiste o descompasso entre polÃticas pÃblicas ofertadas, demandas efetivas dos jovens, expectativas geradas pelos projetos e Programas sociais e as reais possibilidades de realizaÃÃo destes anseios.
In a context of significant expansion in the participation of young people in youth public policies offered by various levels of government, this dissertation addresses the similarities and differences between the juvenile worlds of life and these policies. To this end, it discusses the motivations of young people to participate in the Projovem Urbano program in Fortaleza, analyzes the meanings that the interlocutors attribute to this experience and its representations about the program, emphasizing the influence of multiple experiences in the family context, in the field of affective relationships, in the processes of education, the world of work and the knowledge of their future projects. The narrators privileged in the process of dialogue in this research were five youths who participated in the program between the years 2010 and 2011, having completed it or not. The approach used was qualitative, having as methods the participant and experiential observation in activities and events of Projovem Urbano and the restoration of the social trajectories of young interlocutors through semi-structured interviews. In addition, interviews were conducted with educators and members of the programâs municipal coordination to capture official speeches and understand organizational aspects that influence the everyday of Projovem. The study indicates that the Projovem Urbano constituted itself as a significant experience in the lives of young people interviewed, having as prominent element the close relationship established between educators and students and the quality of education offered. However, there is still a gap between policies offered, effective demands of young people, the expectations generated by projects and social programs and the real possibilities of achieving these desires.

Visamos, com esta dissertação, a mergulhar no universo particular de adolescentes do Ensino Médio e de jovens universitários, vislumbrando o diálogo e a aproximação sistemática deles com a Igreja e desta com o público adolescente e juvenil, que está desencantado com o sagrado institucional e, portanto, vivencia uma crise religiosa. Propomos, sobretudo, maior conhecimento dos fatores desencadeadores dessa crise ante o sagrado e indicamos pistas para nova espiritualidade juvenil sob a mística de Paula Frassinetti. Os tratados sobre a adolescência e a juventude, em geral, relatam e caracterizam essa passagem para a maturidade como algo muito rico e importante na configuração da identidade psicorreligiosa adolescente e juvenil, mormente quando se trata da crise juvenil ante o sagrado institucional. Os resultados parciais, obtidos ao longo do trabalho com os adolescentes (Colégio São José e CECOSNE), jovens universitários (FAFIRE) e por meio de pesquisa de campo, são tentativas de aproximação a tal público, a fim de despertar neles experiências psicorreligiosas e espirituais condizentes com essa fase da vida. A pesquisa de campo mostrou, por um lado, uma juventude confusa em alguns pontos relacionados à espiritualidade e à pertença religiosa; por outro lado, vivência espiritual única, bem ao modo dos jovens, experiência marcada por desejos, afetos, alegria, solidariedade, negação a tudo que se relacione a dogma, regras e ritos sem sentidos em suas vidas em constante transformação. A passagem da espiritualidade adolescente e juvenil heterônoma para mais autônoma está bem caracterizada na pesquisa de campo. Está bem acentuada a crise mais adolescente que juvenil ante o sagrado institucional, no entanto, não há a perda do essencial da espiritualidade juvenil, mais centrada no Outro (Deus) que na instituição religiosa. Enfim, com este trabalho, pretendemos contribuir metodologicamente, com técnicas e recursos utilizáveis para reencantar no sagrado ao universo juvenil, proporcionando-lhe o protagonismo de nova espiritualidade segundo Santa Paula Frassinetti
This dissertation attempts to be a deep look at the particular universe of the adolescents from secondary schools and young university students, catching a glimpse in a dialogue and systematic approach with themselves and the church, and the church with the adolescents and juvenile people disenchanted with the institutional sacred and, therefore, living a religious crisis. Our proposal is, above all, to provide a broad knowledge of the factors which unleashing factors of this crisis in the presence of the sacred and the identification of clues to one new juvenile spirituality, in the mystic of Paula Frassinetti. The studies about adolescence and the youth in general, report and characterize this crossing to the maturity as something very important in the formation of the adolescent and juvenile psycho-religious identities mainly when we treat of the juvenile crisis in the presence of the institutional sacred. The partial results, acquired along the work with adolescents (São José School, CECOSNE) and the university students (FAFIRE) and through the field investigation, are attempts of an approach with this public, making them aware of psycho-religious and spiritual experiences present in this phase of life. The research showed, on one hand, a confusing youth in some points related to the spirituality and religious presence. On the other hand, we could observe a unique spiritual experience in the way the young people think; this experience lived by wishes, affection, happiness, sympathy, and the avoidance of everything which was dogma, rules and acts without no sense in their lives in constant change. The crossing of an adolescent spirituality and juvenile heterogeneous to one more autonomous is well-characterized in the field search, but we can notice that the adolescent crisis is more vivid than the juvenile in the presence of the institutional sacred without having, nevertheless, the essential loss of juvenile spirituality which is more centered in front of the Other (God) than the religious institution. At last, with this study, we intend to contribute methodologically with techniques and resources which could be used to re-enchant the sacred to the juvenile universe, providing the protagonist of a new spirituality according Saint Paula Frassinetti

NASCIMENTO, Natália Ilka Morais. Dos mundos de vida juvenis às políticas públicas: percepções, sentidos e narrativas de jovens participantes do Projovem Urbano em Fortaleza. 2013. 171f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2013.
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In a context of significant expansion in the participation of young people in youth public policies offered by various levels of government, this dissertation addresses the similarities and differences between the juvenile worlds of life and these policies. To this end, it discusses the motivations of young people to participate in the Projovem Urbano program in Fortaleza, analyzes the meanings that the interlocutors attribute to this experience and its representations about the program, emphasizing the influence of multiple experiences in the family context, in the field of affective relationships, in the processes of education, the world of work and the knowledge of their future projects. The narrators privileged in the process of dialogue in this research were five youths who participated in the program between the years 2010 and 2011, having completed it or not. The approach used was qualitative, having as methods the participant and experiential observation in activities and events of Projovem Urbano and the restoration of the social trajectories of young interlocutors through semi-structured interviews. In addition, interviews were conducted with educators and members of the program’s municipal coordination to capture official speeches and understand organizational aspects that influence the everyday of Projovem. The study indicates that the Projovem Urbano constituted itself as a significant experience in the lives of young people interviewed, having as prominent element the close relationship established between educators and students and the quality of education offered. However, there is still a gap between policies offered, effective demands of young people, the expectations generated by projects and social programs and the real possibilities of achieving these desires.
Num contexto de ampliação significativa da participação de jovens em políticas públicas de juventude ofertadas por diversas esferas da administração pública, esta dissertação trata dos encontros e desencontros entre os mundos de vida juvenis e estas políticas. Neste intuito, discute as motivações dos jovens para participar do Programa Projovem Urbano em Fortaleza, analisa os significados que os interlocutores atribuem a esta experiência e suas representações sobre o Programa, dando ênfase à influência das múltiplas vivências nos contextos familiares, no campo das relações afetivas, nos processos de escolarização, no mundo do trabalho e de seus projetos de futuro. Os narradores privilegiados no processo de interlocução desta pesquisa foram cinco jovens que participaram do Programa entre os anos de 2010 e 2011, tendo concluído-o ou não. A abordagem utilizada foi qualitativa, tendo como métodos a observação participante e vivencial em atividades e eventos do Projovem Urbano e a reconstituição das trajetórias sociais dos jovens interlocutores por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Ademais, foram realizadas entrevistas com educadores e membros da coordenação municipal do Programa visando captar discursos oficiais e compreender aspectos organizacionais que influenciam o cotidiano do Projovem. O estudo aponta que o Projovem Urbano se constituiu como uma experiência significativa na vida dos jovens entrevistados, tendo como elemento de destaque a relação próxima estabelecida entre educadores e alunos e a qualidade do ensino ofertado. Contudo, ainda persiste o descompasso entre políticas públicas ofertadas, demandas efetivas dos jovens, expectativas geradas pelos projetos e Programas sociais e as reais possibilidades de realização destes anseios.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A presente pesquisa tem como propósito realizar uma análise do pensamento geográfico embutido na visão do mundo de Monteiro Lobato em sua obra literária infantil. Com isso, promoveremos a inserção dessa obra na História do Pensamento Geográfico, buscando preencher uma lacuna nessa linha de pesquisa, que tem dado pouca atenção às obras desse gênero literário. Para analisar essa visão do mundo, amparamo-nos em Lucien Goldmann que propõe o estudo das obras-primas de literatura na perspectiva do método estruturalista genético. A partir de suas orientações, analisamos o contexto histórico vivido por Lobato e as correntes de pensamento que o influenciaram a propor uma reconstrução do espaço geográfico brasileiro, pautado na ideologia de sua classe social: a burguesia industrial. Esse panorama contextualizou a análise do discurso geográfico de Lobato presente em três histórias: Geografia de Dona Benta (1935), O poço do Visconde (1937), A Chave do Tamanho (1942). Os pontos marcantes neste discurso são industrialização, integração e identidade nacional, exploração dos recursos naturais, potencialidades e problemas regionais, valorização da educação e da ciência, e uma visão ambígua do povo e do progresso, ora vistos com otimismo, ora com pessimismo, caracterizando a visão do mundo contraditória do escritor. Também detectamos nesse discurso uma Geografia pautada em concepções deterministas e darwinistas sociais e, eventualmente, uma postura possibilista, o que nos levou a crer que a obra infantil lobatiana refletiu a conjuntura da ciência geográfica da década de 1930.
This academic research has the purpose of making an analysis of the geographic thought embedded in Monteiro Lobato’s world vision in his literary child. With this, we will intend to insert this work in the History of Geographic Thought, seeking for filling a gap in this line of research, which has given little attention to works of this gender. To analyze this world vision, we lean on Lucien Goldmann’s that suggests the study of works of literature primary in the perspective of the genetic structuralist method. From the guidelines of his proposal, we analyse the historical context lived by Monteiro Lobato and the currents of thought that had influenced him to propose a reconstruction of a Brazilian geographical space, based on the ideology of his social class: the industrial bourgeoisie. This overview contextualized the analysis of his geographic speech in the three stories: Geografia de Dona Benta (1935), O poço do Visconde (1937), A Chave do Tamanho (1942). The remarkable points in this speech are industrialization, national integration and identity, exploitation of natural resources, regional potentialities and problems, enhancement of education and science and an ambiguous seen of the people and progress, now seen with an optimism now with pessimism, characterizing the writer contradictory world vision. We also detected in this speech a Geography based on deterministic concepts and social darwinists, and, possibly, a possibilist behaviour, that led us to believe that Lobato’s literary child reflected the conjuncture of science geographic of the decade of 1930.

Les premiers écrits destinés aux enfants et aux adolescents apparaissent en Europe au XVIIIe siècle et se développent tout au long du XIXe siècle. C'est au XIXe siècle que le terme littérature de jeunesse voit le jour. La littérature destinée aux enfants et adolescents est donc relativement récente. Cette littérature, à travers les œuvres qui la composent, a souvent pour but principal d’éduquer les enfants et les adolescents et porte en elle des messages de divers types : savoir encyclopédique, conseils existentiels et prescriptions morales. Ces messages sont intentionnellement véhiculés par des œuvres que l’on peut donc qualifier de didactiques. Mais ce didactisme propre au genre de la littérature de jeunesse évolue au cours des siècles. En se focalisant sur la littérature de jeunesse basque et en établissant un corpus d’œuvres significatives d’une évolution, nous avons analysé au cours de ce travail de thèse la manière dont les différents messages et les différentes morales étaient transmis aux enfants et aux adolescents lecteurs au cours des siècles. Cette transmission se fait tantôt par le biais du recours à un didactisme explicite, tantôt ou simultanément par l’emploi d’un didactisme plus implicite. Après avoir procédé à l’analyse de chacune des œuvres du corpus, nous les avons comparées et avons proposé une ébauche d’histoire de l’évolution du didactisme de la littérature de jeunesse basque du début XIXe siècle au début du XXIe siècle. Pour finir, nous avons proposé une grille d’analyse œuvres de jeunesse à destination des enseignants et des professeurs qui souhaiteraient travailler sur les messages des œuvres avec leurs élèves
The first writings devoted to children and adolescents emerged in Europe in the 18th century and continued to develop throughout the whole of the 19th century. It was in the 19th century that the term “children’s literature” (or “juvenile literature”) came into being. Literature written for children and adolescents is therefore relatively recent. The main aim of this type of literature is largely to educate children and adolescents by means of the works of which it is composed and by carrying messages of varying types: encyclopedic knowledge, existential advice as well as moral prescriptions. These messages are deliberately transmitted through works which one can therefore qualify as being didactic. This characteristic indoctrination of children’s literature (juvenile literature) has evolved over the centuries. Having focalized our research on Basque children’s (juvenile) literature and having compiled a corpus of works pertaining to this evolution we have analysed, in this thesis, the ways in which the various morals and different messages were handed down to juvenile readers throughout the ages. This transmission has taken place sometimes by means of explicit didactism and sometimes, or even simultaneously, by the use of implied didactism. Having proceeded to analyse and compare each opuscule of the corpus we thus propose a historic outline concerning the evolution of didactism in Basque children’s (juvenile) literature as from the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. To conclude we have proposed an analytical table of children’s (juvenile) literature destined to aid teachers and professors who may wish to study the messages contained in the works of their pupils

Cette thèse de Doctorat a été focalisée sur le processus à travers lequel les jeunes construisent une notion de Patrimoine, la manière dont ils s’en approprient et la matérialisent, à partir d´actions concrètes pour la transmettre aux autres. Aussi, elle a essayé de refléter la manière dont le discours institutionnel de l’UNESCO influence leur perception du Patrimoine. La théorie de l’acteur-réseau et la Médiologie vus à partir de l’histoire culturelle, la Communication et la Médiation Culturelle sont les bases théoriques-méthodologiques avec lesquelles l’analyse a été construite. Comment, par des techniques pédagogiques, un dispositif organisationnel / bureaucratique a produit une certaine idéologie patrimoniale à partir du travail avec des jeunes ?Travailler directement avec la population sur des projets autour des thèmes patrimoniaux nous permet de nous rapprocher pour étudier des questions telles que : comment je me communique avec mon Patrimoine et comment mon Patrimoine se communique avec moi ?L’analyse a été faite à partir d’une étude de cas particulier qui a consisté à réviser une médiation culturelle mise en place en Espagne par le Ministère de la Culture et l’UNESCO, dans le cadre des « Forums des Jeunes du Patrimoine Mondial », interventions créées par l’UNESCO en 1995. Nous avons pris quatre éditions de ces Forums qui se sont déroulées en Espagne entre 2009 et 2012, pendant lesquelles la connaissance a été générée autour des sujets patrimoniaux, à partir d’une communauté d’apprentissage constituée par des jeunes d’entre 12 et 15 ans qui ont travaillé avec une méthode participative, constructiviste et collective. Ces Forums ont travaillé avec l’idée de la validité des jeunes dans le présent, et non pas seulement tels que futurs adultes. Ce sont des citoyens jeunes, et en tant que jeunes, ils peuvent devenir des éléments de changement dans leur communauté. C’est un modèle qui pourrait être reproduit dans de différentes réalités et pour de différents objectifs.Cette recherche présente quelques apports novateurs : une stratégie méthodologique pour implémenter une intervention qui favorise la construction, l’appropriation, la matérialisation et la transmission de la notion de Patrimoine chez les jeunes ; une méthodologie pour analyser les résultats obtenus dans cette intervention ; et l’utilisation de trois concepts qui ont été très utiles dans ce travail : celui de « communication patrimoniale », celui de « médiation patrimoniale » et celui de « Patrimoine émotionnel ou affectif »
This PhD thesis focuses on the process through which young people build a Heritage concept, how they own and materialize it through concrete actions in order to convey it to other people. This thesis has also tried to reflect how UNESCO’s institutional discourse influences the teenagers’ perception of Heritage.« Actor-Network Theory (ANT) » and « Mediology » are the theoretical and methodological bases of this analysis, seen through Cultural History, Communication and Cultural Mediation. How, through pedagogical techniques, could an organizational / bureaucratic mechanism create a given heritage ideology while working with young people?Working directly with the population on projects around heritage subjects allows us to get closer to study issues such as: how do I communicate with my own Heritage and how this Heritage communicates with me?’The analysis was based on a particular case study that reviews a cultural mediation implemented in Spain by the Ministry of Culture and UNESCO, as part of the « World Heritage Youth Forums » created by UNESCO in 1995.We reviewed four editions of these Forums that took place in Spain between 2009 and 2012, in which knowledge was created around heritage issues, through a learning community made up of young people between 12 and 15 years of age, who worked with a participative, constructivist and collective method.These Forums were based on the idea of valuing the youth based in here and now concept, and not only as future adults. These are young citizens and, as such, they can become key elements of change in their own communities. This is a model that might be replicated in different situations and for different purposes.This research presents some innovative contributions: a methodological strategy to implement a programme that will promote building, owning, materializing and conveying the heritage concept among young people; a methodology to analyse the results obtained in this procedure; and three concepts that were very useful in this work: « Heritage Communication », « Heritage Mediation » and « Emotional or Affective Heritage »
Esta tesis de Doctorado está enfocada en el proceso a través del cual los jóvenes construyen una noción de Patrimonio, la manera en la que se apropian de ella y la materializan, a partir de acciones concretas, para transmitirla a los demás. También, intenta reflejar la manera en la que el discurso institucional de la UNESCO influye en su percepción de Patrimonio.La teoría del actor-red y la Mediología vistas a partir de la Historia Cultural, la Comunicación y la Mediación Cultural son las bases teórico-metodológicas con las que está construido este análisis. ¿Cómo, a través de técnicas pedagógicas, un dispositivo organizacional / burocrático, ha producido una cierta ideología patrimonial, a partir del trabajo con jóvenes?Trabajar directamente con la población en proyectos patrimoniales nos permite tener un acercamiento para estudiar cuestiones como por ejemplo, ¿cómo me comunico con mi Patrimonio y cómo mi Patrimonio se comunica conmigo?El análisis fue realizado a partir de un estudio de caso particular, que consistió en revisar una mediación cultural puesta en marcha en España por el Ministerio de Cultura y la UNESCO, en el marco de los «Foros Juveniles del Patrimonio Mundial», intervenciones creadas por la UNESCO en 1995.Tomamos cuatro ediciones de estos Foros, que se desarrollaron en España entre 2009 y 2012, en las que el conocimiento fue generado en torno a temas patrimoniales, a partir de la conformación de una comunidad de aprendizaje de jóvenes de entre 12 y 15 años, que trabajaron con un método participativo, constructivista y colectivo.Estos Foros trabajaron con la idea de que los jóvenes son válidos en el presente, y no sólo en el futuro como futuros adultos. Ellos son ciudadanos jóvenes, y en tanto que jóvenes, pueden convertirse en elementos de cambio en sus comunidades. Es un modelo de trabajo que podría reproducirse en distintas realidades y con distintos objetivos.Esta investigación presenta algunas aportaciones novedosas: una estrategia metodológica para implementar una intervención que favorece la construcción, la apropiación, la materialización y la transmisión de la noción de Patrimonio en los jóvenes; una metodología para analizar los resultados obtenidos de esta intervención; y la utilización de tres conceptos que resultaron de gran utilidad en este trabajo, el de «comunicación patrimonial », el de « mediación patrimonial » y el de « Patrimonio emocional o afectivo »

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
語文教育學系碩博士班
97
Family conflicts are rising up in Taiwan. It is worthwhile to learn how to manage conflicts. Juveniles and children can learn different methods to solve the conflicts. And novels are one of the resources. This research is aimed to explore the issue of parent-child conflicts in works of ChiuKo Modern Juveniles ＆ Children’s Literature Award. The samples contained the first to fifteenth award-winning works. The study is tried to understand the depictions of modern parent-child conflicts. In addition, it also tried to find out that characters of the novels took which strategy to deal with emotions and problems. The first chapter introduced the structure of this study and the importance of ChiuKo Modern Juveniles ＆ Children’s Literature Award. The second chapter explored the problem between parents and children from four aspects. These aspects were about family relationships, school affairs, daily life and social intercourse. The third chapter quoted Kenneth W. Thomas’ and Ralph H. Kilmann’s five conflict management strategies to analyze the works. The fourth chapter analyzed the effects of the parent-child conflicts in plots of the novels. Different placements of the conflicts would create diverse effects. The fifth chapter explored the meanings of the juvenile novels. The issue about parent-child conflicts corresponded to the states of the modern society. It produced the changes of plot in the novels. The aim of parent-child conflicts in juvenile novel was to express the concern about juveniles.

碩士
國立臺南大學
國語文學系教學碩士班
97
The emotion description is the core of juvenile novels. People maintain their life by sharing emotions, and growing teenagers need more emotional feeding to enrich their life. However, emotional obsession is also the center part in adolescence. Therefore, a lively description of plots could give teenagers suggestions when they face problems as well as console their hearts with suitable company. Various themes in the researches of juvenile novels have been discussed besides “emotion description,” and this is the main reason for the title of this research. In the part of reference, first of all, the course of change and development of “Chiuko’s Modern Children’s Literature Award” is explored. Second, the researcher collects 9 journals and 12 academic theses, which all select the prize works in “Chiuko’s Modern Children’s Literature Award” as their research texts. And then, summarizes each thesis by its published year to analyze the themes discussed most. Next, the researcher focuses on selected Chiuko’s juvenile novels to read particularly to investigate the emotion description model presented in these prize works. In addition, the expression skills in this emotion description model are also explored. Finally, the part following then is the conclusion. 1. The result shows that the emotional relationship in adolescence develops various aspects. First, the constraint is replaced by the respect in the love between parents and children. Second, the influence of their generation is increased gradually. Third, teenagers need more understanding and empathy from their teacher. Fourth, there is a tendency towards getting open in the love between men and women. Last, the company of animals has positive influence for teenagers. 2. In order to explore the emotion description in Taiwan juvenile novels, the researcher divides the teenage emotions into five aspects to have clear explanation. The outcome demonstrates that the themes of the love between parents and children, and of the friendship are more described in these novels. 3. Even though there is no obvious difference in the descriptions between juvenile and general novels, as a result of teenager’s reading comprehension has not been developed well, the expression skills in juvenile novels have to stress more on actions and plots than narration and argument. Therefore, juvenile novels would lead teenagers into a wonderland successfully. In sum, the researcher hopes that the result of this study will be helpful to the authors of juvenile novels, and also suggests the themes in juvenile novels will be fit for their needs in the future.

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
語文教育學系碩士班
95
ABSTRACT This essay aims to explore into the issue about parent-child relationship presented in works which have been honored the “Chiu Ko Juvenile & Children's Literature Award” of its first to twelvieth term of the award. This issue is classified into three aspects of parent-child image, parents’ upbringing type and parent-child conflict for an analysis of the presented condition from parent-child interactive relationship, subsequently followed by a research into the issue concerning the inner feeling and puzzlement presented by juveniles in the parent-child interactive relationship, in the hopes of having the related research offered as data and information available for reading therapy. This research takes literature analysis and textual analysis as research methods, and the findings are given as below: 1. The aspect of parent-child image: Father is shaped as the image of a mentor and helpful friend mostly, representing the gradual change of father’s image. As presented a multi-image, a mother in one parental family is characterized with traits of pursuing self-growth, expanding life scope and pursuing career achievement. In a single parent family, a mother, however, is presented the image as a strong woman as she may reject children’s contact with their father; for a step mother, her image is presented as one who can accept her step children with her broad-mindedness, while children’s image will present the positive image of kind nature. 2. Parental upbringing types: Parents’ upbringing and disciplinary attitude and methods focus on “authoritative type” and “authoritarian type,” among which the father will present his authoritative type far more than that of the mother, while the mother will give unequal stress on the practice of authoritarian type on her upbringing. Parents who practice authoritative type will develop good interactions with their children, while an instable marriage relationship filled with heavy-loaded jobs will enable parents to adopt “authoritarian type” and “neglect type” on their upbringing, thus causing barriers for their interactions with their children and leading to alienated parent-child relationship. 3. Parent-child conflict: The source of parent-child conflict lies in either both parties’ different attitude toward the upbringing and cognition over the behaviors or the barriers to parent-child communication. Issues of conflict appear in family relationship and school life frequently. The circumstance of parent-child conflict presented in this essay is in a trend of mild one with the majority to be presented in verbal conflict. The important role played by “coordinator” in parent-child conflict incident will make the deadlock parent-child relationship to be solved as parents will be willing to work with their children to bring solutions for their conflicts by a practice of cooperative methods due to parents’ adjustment of their upbringing methods. 4. Juveniles’ inner puzzlement: The themes of “shape of self-image,” “puzzlement over social gender role” and “thirst for parents’ love and attachment” are those puzzled and struggling ones for juveniles. Finally, according to the conclusions of research, I do hereby bring up some proposals based on works of creation and juvenile novels taking parent-child relationship as the subject matter for your reference.

Deliberate lighting of fires by juveniles is both a public health concern and a community issue. This collaborative multiagency project aimed to establish best practice guidelines for child and youth firesetter programs in Australia. The study proceeded in two parts. Firstly, the practices and perceived effectiveness of the Victorian Juvenile Fire Awareness and Intervention Program (JFAIP) were investigated and contrasted with other Australian and overseas programs (US, Canada and NZ). Reviewing the literature, extensive interviewing, comparative analysis of approaches and site visits enabled the development of criteria associated with juvenile firesetter programs that were well designed, well implemented, and appeared to provide effective interventions. Secondly, pre and post fire-specific and psychosocial risk factors were investigated with a sample of 29 firesetter boys (7-13 years)referred to the JFAIP using the firesetting risk interview (FRI) and children’s firesetting interview (CFI). Children’s recidivism was also prospectively followed-up for 12 months. Pre and post findings on the FRI suggested that all JFAIP clients benefited from the intervention. From the parent’s perspective, lower fire-specific risk factors were reported after the intervention, but as expected psychosocial risks remained unchanged. From the child’s perspective on the CFI, some fire-specific risk variables had improved. Of the 29 children in the sample, nine participants were dentified as recidivists. Thus a third of the sample, although receiving an intervention, continued to light fires. Recidivist and nonrecidivist children were also compared on FRI and CFI and significant differences were found in both fire-specific and psychosocial risk factors. The study highlighted that high risk and low risk clients participate in fire safety education programs in Australia. Low risk clients benefited from a fire safety intervention emphasising education. Thus, fire safety education programs may be appropriate as a sole intervention with some firesetters under certain conditions. However, about a third of the JFAIP clients were recidivists and would benefit from additional interventions. It is recommended that juvenile firesetting programs follow best practice guidelines.

碩士
國立臺東大學
兒童文學研究所
97
In ___ Contemporary Children’s Literature Award works, the youth are usually adopted as the main characters. The plots of those works relate to adolescents’ frustration, self-discovery and a variety of behavior during their growth; besides, how they react to their family is also focused. Within these subjects, the interactions between the youngsters and their classmates, friends, family, and society trigger numerous emotions, which further add rich color to these works. In this research, 21 of ____ Contemporary Children’s Literature Award works were chosen for studying and the focus was on the youth’s delinquency. The youngsters’ misbehavior was mainly categorized into 4 types, which were bad-habits, learning disorder, conflict and violence. The problems reflected from those works and how counselors assist those teenagers were explored. The discussion consists of the reasons, process and results of the mentioned behavior, from which inductive findings were described and some suggestions were addressed Why juveniles misbehave entails more understanding and caring; whether the teenager-work writers have been conscious of that is a question. The main purpose of this study is try to direct the public’s attention at the youth group and act as a reminder for writers to present youngsters’ real delinquency phenomenon. Based on the aforementioned, readers could get more understanding of this group and hence provide more assistance.

碩士
國立臺東大學
兒童文學研究所
102
With the changes of social economy, family form alters. Although the main form of Taiwan family is core family, the number of grandparenting families has gradually increased according to the data of Directorate General of Budget. Confronting the transition of family form, especially the grandparenting families, grandparents and children are most influenced. The difficulties and challenges faced by grandparents and grandchildren in grandparenting families are what authors concerned. Authors demonstrated the life situations, physical and psychological conditions of grandparents and grandchildren, reflected the problems in the grandparenting families through their writing, which led children to care and accept grandparenting families. However, it is quite important whether authors can precisely describe the image and condition of grandparents and grandchildren. This study focused on text analysis, discussed the award-winning works with grandparenting families as backgrounds in the whole 20 sessions of ChiuKo Juvenile & Children’s Literature Award, and summarized the grandparents-grandchildren image, grandparents-grandchildren interaction relationship and children’s growth and enlightenment. Based on the research results, it was seemed that the grandparent- grandchildren images were mainly negative images except for intimate grandparent- grandchildren interaction relationship; as progress moves far ahead, the grandparent- grandchildren interaction relationship would tend to end up with harmonious relationship and positive description. The conflicts between grandparents and grandchildren were derived from their differences in personality traits and values, inappropriate parenting styles and psychological treatment, poor language communications, economic hardship and grandparents’ poor health; and most conflicts were language conflicts. The problems grandchildren had to face were negative emotions, social labels, missing their parents and seeking for self-positioning. There were various writings in the perspective of grandchildren’s growth. Keywords: ChiuKo Juvenile & Children’s Literature Award, grandparenting family, grandparents-grandchildren relationship, grandparent-grandchildren image

碩士
國立臺東大學
兒童文學研究所
102
One of the important themes of Children’s literature is to help children grow up. And the realistic fictions can help young people understand the significance of growth as “real” in the real world. The research takes five Newbery Medal winning works, “The Summer of the Swans”, “Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush”, “Joey Pigza Loses Control”, “Al Capone Does My Shirts”, “Rules”, as the keys to enter the world of exceptional children in order to discuss and analyze ADHD, mental retardation, and autistic children. The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, Introduction, discusses the readers can enhance their understanding of disability groups by reading those kinds of juvenile fictions. The second chapter discusses the texts in the images of exceptional children. Analyze those kids’ characterization to understand their characteristics. The third chapter discusses the relationship between exceptional children and their parents. Because of the birth of children with special needs, brings the impacts and influences on their parents, and causes psychological stress and parental adjustment problems. The fourth chapter discusses the special relationship between exceptional children and siblings. Both the exceptional children and their non-physically challenged siblings approach the growth progress by getting through the enlightenment trilogy—conflict, escape and identity. The fifth chapter is the conclusion that we can expect the understanding, tolerance and fair treatment of exceptional children. There is only love can overcome obstacles. “Always with you, I’m not alone.” If we can have better understanding of exceptional children, we shall be able to get across the barriers and obstacles between both sides, and get along with each other which are the main purpose of this study.

碩士
國立臺南大學
語文教育學系教學碩士班
94
ABSTRACT In the creation of literature in Taiwan, the establishment of literature rewards has made important influences in the field of literature. Among them, the establishment of modern children''s literature by Chiu Ko in 1992, has brought juvenile creator''s a great encouragement function of novel to Taiwan, and that has made the Taiwanese children''s literary circles present the fine pieces of writing of a lot of juvenile novels. In the 13th annual children''s literature award, works of Chiu Ko are mainly focused on realistic novels. These were novels which contain draw materials in actual life, children, compassion, sadness, anger and happiness. These works appear to work by characterizing teenagers and these works have helped juvenile readers to grow up and surmount one-self. However, the cause of family problems in actual life emerges in an endless stream in recent years, often causing a lot of problem in teenagers. Among them, the deepest problem would be with the psychological impact on children, teenagers of single parent''s are the most affected group. Therefore this researcher attempts to use the award-winning works by Chiu Ko modern children''s literature in 2002 with the modern juvenile''s literature reward after the 2002, as categories for this research. The researcher attempts to screen 12 works which provide single parent''s subject matter to analyze. It expects to analyze the content of the text and the author''s tactics of dealing with subjects of '' real life ''. The analysis will focus on inherent psychology and what children appears to demonstrate. This research department analyses '' the analytic approach of the text '' with ''the analytic approach of the psychological portray skill'', the result of study found： First, the juvenile novel writer appears to pay attention on single parent''s subject matter relating to the psychological aspect, interpersonal relationships, and the economic problems, academic performance, deviation words, deeds, and the adaptation of personal life in the future. There appears to be seven different aspects shown in these juvenile novels. These are necessary in order to fully demonstrate the different problems that might appear in single parent juveniles in today’s society. Secondly, the role of a single parent is arranged in the text. The numbers of male and female characters are in equal proportions. The author puts an equal concern and attention to the growth of the role of women and men. The age level, it targets are mostly grade five and grade six students, these are suitable as its was meant for juveniles to read. Third, using single parent as a factor, the author puts more weight on the issue of death of one party of parents for texts, and the issue of divorce or living separately are secondary. Single parent''s is an arranged factor, there is also a minor difference to the real social phenomenon which affects majority of single-parent family. Fourth, the content on the juvenile novels mainly focuses on the：1) interaction between single parents and their child, 2) family member, 3) classmates. Amongst these topics the issues on the interaction between classmates of the same sex are the highest proportion； interaction between families members (father or mother) are shown most frequently. Fifth, author''s arrangement of single parent child, can be divided into the individual character and incline to question the psychological aspect. The problems are focused on confidence, reaction of mood, sense of safety, expression of self-confidence, and tolerating strength of setback. Problems in relation to people can be narrowed down to relations with classmates, with teacher and with others；the economic predicament, the problems in including the food, clothing, living, walking, etc. Problems encountered in academic achievement are shown in three respects, learning opportunity, attitude towards study and academic achievement. The problems of the words and deeds, including the problems of the deviation of speech and problems of the deviation behaviors are secondary. On problems that could include adaptation to family life, the problems faced could influence personal development in the future. There are two personal problems such as self-developments; including self-planning and one''s wishes in terms of life. Sixth, the author used a form in order to transform issues shown in single parent children, treatment used by writer. These are： '' narrate by attention exhibition'' , '' using body language '' , '' by facial expression '' and '' by dialogue '',etc. Psychology aspects are four kinds of skill. In them is the transformation of the problems in psychological aspect. The author pays the highest proportion with the treatment that '' the individual character inclines to transform '', and overweight the psychology used ''shown by the dialogue'' and portrays the skill, on the interpersonal transformation related to problems. The treatment of ''the transformation of the relation of the same generation'' takes the highest in proportion, and, still uses '' expressed by using dialogue '' the most. The author pays attention to the skill of portraying. On the transformation of the economic predicament, the author cares the most, the problems faced in life. Overweight the psychology aspect ''demonstrated by movements'' and portray the skill. In the study the author displays the transformation of the questions. The author is relatively high in proportion with the treatment of ''the problem of attitude towards the study'', overweight issues and uses ''showed from the attention of narrating''. Psychological portray skill, the transformation is a deviation of words and deed issues, it is by treatment of '' speech deviation problem''. The example is relatively high, and it over-weighs the psychological aspects of a child ''shown by the dialogue'' and the portray skill. These skills are used to improve and interact with family members. There is an increasing amount of the treatment of problems, most in proportion of the treatment by '' the problems not inter-dynamic of father or mother''s, and the skill of portrayal is used heavily in the psychology that is used '' shown by the dialogue ''. The author used on the transformation of the personal development, problems that might appear in the future. There is a relatively high proportion of treatment that '' the single parent children might face in the future of life '', and in '' overweight application '' to show '' psychological portray skill ''. Seventh, the author demonstrates the influence and the cause on '' single parent issues ''. The issue of single parents and the effects on children in different aspects such as： 1) interpersonal relationship, 2) psychological aspect and 3) the adaptation to different families. These three issues are the most frequently shown. In terms of '' psychological aspect '', '' family life adaptation'' and '' economic predicament '' appear to show up first. In '' psychological aspect '', '' deviation words and deeds '' and '' future expectation of development '', these three influences are the deepest. Eighth, the author found that topics involving the aspect on the problem of the single parent mainly presented in the text are rarely in depth. Most of them are about children are scarcely deep enough, and generally partial. They are mostly inherent in personal psychological problems, simple interpersonal relationships problems and out-of-sequence problems concerning life of family. Ninth, treatment to the problem that the single parent child appears to be ambiguous, they are mostly happy and idealize endings without a clear solution to the psychological aspect and the interpersonal relationship that one might have to deal with. It covers mostly the inner feelings of one-self. Finally, the researcher looks forward to using the result of this research to contribute to those who pay attention to the problems of single parent children, and to help them get into children''s inner world, insist children adopt to their single parent life and provide help in problem solving；meanwhile, to reduce the social concerns caused by single parent children. On the other hand, the researcher wishes to offer and be engaged in the juvenile novel creator of single parent''s subject matter in the future on aspect and treatment then the problem appears, in order to find a more suitable novel for the juvenile''s true life and demands even more. It is fully worthy of waving the juvenile function to juvenile''s psychological consultation of the novel. The ones that made the research of children''s literature appreciated with writing technique in literature were probed outside, and it can further expand its greatest influence on juvenile''s psychological consultation. Keywords：the juvenile novel , the juvenile novel of single parent''s subject matter , the problems of single parent children , the modern juvenile''s literature award of Chiu Ko

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
語文教育學系碩士班
95
Having won almost 20 literature awards and 4 successive years of Chiu-Ko modern children’s literature awards, Zong-Xian Zheng is definitely the most outstanding novelist among the new generation of juvenile novelists. With such excellent performance, Zheng is qualified to be called the future star in the field of juvenile novels. Therefore, it is worth studying the artistic techniques used in Zheng’s juvenile novels. The study intends to understand the artistic techniques used in Zheng’s juvenile novels. By analyzing the plot, characters, topics and contexts of Zheng’s articles, we explore the artistic techniques of those Chiu-Ko modern children’s literature award-winning articles from the viewpoint of literature creation and appreciation, First of all, this study analyzes the basic theories of juvenile novels such as the meaning, features and elements by reviewing relevant literatures. Then we explore Zheng’s background and literature performances to figure out the relationship of his life experiences and juvenile novel creation, and summarize the concepts and attitudes of his novel creation as well. As for the body of this article, we analyze the arrangements of plots, characterization, theme and context and generalize the features of his works. With theories, we could know more about texts; with texts, the theories could be proved. In the conclusion part, we summarize Zheng’s life experiences and creation concepts, and the artistic techniques used in his novels and have some suggestions for future juvenile novels by analyzing his articles. This study found that: 1. the rich life experiences have great influences in Zheng’s literature articles. 2. those awarded articles of Zheng’s have the following features: complex plots, vivid characterization, implicit expression of themes and living contexts. 3. By analyzing his awarded articles we could know that, there are still a lot of possibilities for improvement for the techniques using, theme choosing and plots arrangement of future juvenile novel creation. Keywords: artistic technique, Chiu-Ko modern children’s literature award, juvenile novel, Zong-Xian Zheng

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
台灣文化研究所
96
Since the trend of gender study is unveiled, the concept of gender in our society has become rather mobile and unstable, which has not only profoundly affected the world of adults, but also exercised certain impact on the construction of gender role-play among the youngster. In this paper, the author would resort to the awarded works of “Chiuko Modern Children’s Literature Award” from 1992 to 2005 as its target of investigation, and attempt to work on the three respective genders of masculine, feminine, and androgynous role-play for classification and analysis so as to observe if there is any prominent difference among the gender role-play shaped as well as whichever kind of message is displayed as a whole. The criteria used to classify these gender role-play are basically taking reference to the 60 masculine temperaments and feminine temperaments concluded in the gender role-play of Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) by Sandra Bem as well as the classic masculine temperaments and feminine temperaments reached by domestic and overseas scholars summed up by Hsu Hsi Sen. From the inference and analysis of this research, the male figures, as a whole, in the literary works of “Chiuko Modern Children’s Literature Award” are more inclined to be of more masculine personality, while female figures tend to be of androgynous personality. Among them, the figures in the works are, in proportion, mostly male figures; besides, the father personality more inclined to masculine temperament is more concentrated in the early works of “Chiuko Modern Children’s Literature Award”, while mother personality more inclined to feminine temperament also shares the similar scenario as such concentration is found in the early works of “Chiuko Modern Children’s Literature Award”. Furthermore, it is found with greater prominence that awarded works in recent years is given with the role-play of feminine peer approaching towards androgynous personality.

Este trabalho é um estudo das mensagens do Papa João Paulo II dirigidas aos jovens por ocasião das Jornadas Mundiais da Juventude. O estudo desenvolve-se no domínio da teologia prática, tendo como objeto de estudo as Jornadas mundiais instituídas pelo Papa. Investigando os documentos centrais das Jornadas Mundiais da Juventude e os conteúdos fundamentais, procura descobrir-se a atualidade da mensagem pastoral do Papa aos jovens, confrontando com o perfil da juventude hodierna. A Jornada Mundial nasceu em Roma, no ano pastoral 1984/1985, com a finalidade de contribuir para a evangelização dos jovens. Celebrou-se a Jornada Mundial da Juventude (JMJ) inicialmente de três em três anos nas grandes cidades escolhidas pelo Papa e articulando-se com a Jornada diocesana em diversas dioceses no Domingo de Ramos. Este evento estimulou milhares de jovens e apresenta-se como uma fonte importante para a pastoral juvenil conforme a temática preferida para o ano. Sendo assim, as Jornadas mundiais podem inspirar formas de evangelização dos jovens. As mensagens das Jornadas refletem uma visão do mundo, da pessoa humana e da graça de Deus. Subjacente às mensagens do Papa João Paulo II nas Jornadas, está a centralidade do tema da promoção da dignidade da pessoa humana. O Papa dirige-se aos jovens pedindo o empenho de todos na promoção da paz diante das divisões sociais, na construção da civilização do amor, na defesa dos valores diante da cultura de morte. Chama a atenção para os valores superiores espirituais, como a liberdade, a justiça, o amor e a responsabilidade.
This work aims to study the messages addressed to young people by Pope John Paul II at the time of World Youth Day. The study is developed within the scope of a practical theology, having the World Youth Day instituted by the Pope as an object of study. Investigating core documents and fundamental issues on World Youth Day, it seeks to find out the relevance of the Pope's pastoral message for young people on that occasion, by confronting such documents and concepts with the contemporary youth profile. The World Youth Day was born in Rome in the pastoral year of 1984/1985, to foster and contribute to the evangelization of young people around the world. The World Youth Day was initially celebrated every three years in some great cities chosen by the Pope, being also celebrated as a diocesan journey at various dioceses on Palm Sunday. This event inspired thousands of young people and appears indeed as an important source for youth ministry, according to the theme chosen in a certain year. Therefore, these world journeys can surely mobilize inspiring ways to evangelize young people. The received message during the journeys reflects an important vision about the world, the human person and the Grace of God. Underlying the messages of Pope John Paul II is the central theme which is to promote the dignity of the human person. Pope addresses young people asking them and all for commitment to promote peace – when facing social divisions – to ground a civilization for love, and to defence values before the culture of death. This is a message drawing youth attention to higher spiritual values such as freedom, justice, love and responsibility.