Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Juvenile crime prevention policy'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Juvenile crime prevention policy.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Juvenile crime prevention policy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
NASH, JULIA CHRISTINE. "EARLY INTERVENTION AS A CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGY: ASSESSING THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148064221.
Full text
2
Al, Ali Mohamed. "Towards effective juvenile delinquency prevention strategies and policies in Abu Dhabi police : an investigation of critical factors." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/15691.
Full textAbstract:
Crime and other kinds of anti-social behaviour are viewed as serious social problems. These issues exist in all countries, but they are especially prevalent within the UAE, a country that recently has undergone rapid social changes within a short period of time. There is a vital need to identify appropriate preventive programmes suitable to the surrounding culture, as well as factors that could lead to effective solutions. Because there is a deficiency of research on crime prevention within Arab countries, this study focuses explicitly on the prevention of juvenile delinquency in the UAE. It considers processes of implementing effective crime prevention strategies, approaches, and programmes. This study uses qualitative methods, in the form of document analyses and semi-structured interviews. The first element of data-gathering is an exploration of the context of juvenile delinquency and juvenile crime prevention in Abu Dhabi, something which has not comprehensively been done before. The second part concentrates on participants from the Abu Dhabi Police force and other organisations involved in preventive work in the area of juvenile delinquency, in order to obtain extensive and detailed information about the dynamics of juvenile crime and potential strategies of prevention. The findings of this research offer several recommendations that could help to implement successful prevention strategies in the Middle East in general and in the UAE in particular. This study identifies and explains critical risk factors, and explores the cultural considerations that must be taken into account when designing and implementing prevention programmes. It identifies several requirements that should be considered for the formation of partnerships in the prevention of juvenile crime. It includes some important recommendations for the Abu Dhabi Police force for its future development and improvement. It also contains some general recommendations for the Government of the United Arab Emirates. Further research directions are also suggested, in light of this study’s findings and its potential limitations.
3
Sternlo, Stephaie, and Anya Öst. ""Att inte göra något är kärlekslöst" : Om polisens preventiva arbete med ungdomskriminalitet." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27998.
Full textAbstract:
The current study focuses on how the police work to efficiently and effectively prevent juvenile delinquency and how they experience their work with criminal youth. As well as how the police experiences the work effectiveness. The study has been carried out using four semistructured interviews with law enforcers in Sweden working with different tasks. The results showed that some things could be done differently in the practical work against juvenile delinquency, however cooperation between different authorities; the police, social workers and schools, is of great importance. An effort should be made by the police to build relationships between them and the youths in order to prevent forming a negative image of the police. To put in early prevention strategies can have both positive and negatives on the youths.Den aktuella studien syftar till att ta reda på hur polisen arbetar proaktivt mot ungdomskriminalitet och hur de upplever sitt arbete med kriminella ungdomar. Studien har utförts med hjälp av fyra stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med poliser som arbetar med olika arbetsuppgifter. Resultatet visade att det kan skilja sig något i det praktiska arbetet mot ungdomskriminalitet, men samverkan mellan olika verksamheter är av stor vikt. Det krävs en ansträngning från polisens sida att bygga relationer med ungdomarna för att motverka att en negativ bild av polisen skapas. Tidiga insatser kan få både negativa och positiva effekter.
4
Denning, Rebecca, and n/a. "From Policy To Practice: A Study of the Queensland Youth Justice Service: Policy, Implementation and Outcomes for Young Offenders." Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070112.120302.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis employs a broad evaluative framework to examine the impact of the Youth Justice Service (YJS) on the post-intervention offending behaviour of young people on community-based court orders. The YJS is a Queensland government policy initiative that aims to monitor compliance with community-based court orders, and identify and address causes of criminal behaviour. The evaluative framework views policy, implementation and impact as distinct but related dimensions of intervention. Reflecting this framework, three primary research questions are addressed: (1) Does the YJS concept represent a goal-directed, theoretically-informed, executable and assessable juvenile crime prevention policy?, (2) Is the YJS concept realised through service delivery?, and (3) What is the effect of the YJS on future offending behaviour? Three studies, employing qualitative and quantitative methods, examined these questions. Study one examined the YJS concept, drawing on some key themes from literature on policy development and implementation, developmental and life-course criminology and developmental crime prevention. This study synthesised key policy and procedure documents around six themes, including (1) rationale, (2) goals, (3) theory, (4) service delivery model, (5) method of operation, and (6) key performance indicators. Findings indicated that the YJS concept represents only marginal adjustments from the traditional Area Office (AO) model of service delivery, and integrates few new preventative mechanisms that would foreseeably lead to change at the operational level. Moreover, it suffers from goal ambiguity, fails to incorporate some key components of best-practice crime prevention that have proven successful when working with at-risk young people, lacks sufficient process-level specificity to ensure treatment fidelity, and places heightened importance on measuring impacts that have political value rather than benefits for the clients. In the second study, an in-depth case study of the Logan Area Youth Justice Service (LAYJS) was conducted to explore how the YJS operated in reality, and as compared with the policy directive. Information was drawn from a variety of sources including interviews with staff and clients, policy and procedure documents, direct observation, case management files and staff-researcher interaction. Evidence suggested that the LAYJS was focused primarily on ensuring compliance with court orders. Several organisational factors, such as staff workloads, the statutory basis for monitoring compliance, and the capacities of staff, have meant that comparatively little attention has been directed at addressing offending behaviour. For the most part, the LAYJS employs an individualised case management process, as distinct from the collaborative, team-based model that is prescribed in the YJS concept. Caseworkers have little faith in their ability to bring about positive behavioural change in their clients, and subsequently transferred the responsibility for intervention outcomes to the client. While acknowledging the importance of families in preventing offending, caseworkers emphasised that a number of organisational tensions have prevented them from engaging families in the case management process. The final study examined the impact of the YJS on post-intervention offending, controlling for developmental risk factors and key features of the intervention process. A random sample (N=190) of clients from three YJS offices and three AOs was drawn from the population of clients who had active community-based court orders between June 1999 and December 2002. Information from Department of Communities' case management files and rearrest data from the Queensland Police Service were entered into a purpose-designed database, and analysed using bivariate and multivariate methods including logistic regression and survival analysis. High proportions of missing data on non-statutory variables suggested poor record management practices, or alternatively that operational staff do not understand the role of developmental risk and/or protective factors and social contexts in preventing offending behaviour. Results indicated that the YJS was no better than the AO at preventing recidivism, as measured at 18-months post-intervention, even after controlling for risk factors that were significantly related to recidivism. The analyses found that some unmeasured variation in service delivery, even within service types, did impact upon recidivism, supporting the hypotheses of the first study and the contention that variation in intervention practice can influence offending behaviour. The likelihood of recidivism was increased if the client was using drugs or was influenced by delinquent peers, and decreased if he stayed in school until years 11 or 12, or where caseworkers addressed familial problems. This provides some sense of programs that may be appropriate for young offenders in the context of a community-based program. It also highlights the critical importance of incorporating families into case management, not only for the purpose of providing information, but also as viable targets of intervention. Survival analyses indicated that the YJS might have had some temporary deterrent effect, although this effect had dissipated by 18-months post-intervention. This result may reflect the increased focus on ensuring compliance with court orders as found in the LAYJS case study. However, given the hypothesis that the lack of process direction will result in variable practices across offices, it cannot be assumed that all YJSs place equal importance on compliance. Overall, findings suggest that the promise that the YJS would provide an innovative model of service delivery and generate improved outcomes for young offenders has not been realised. This research has added further weight to the perspective that examines both the individual and combined impact of theory, policy and implementation for measuring client outcomes. Deficits in any of these components ultimately have a ripple effect, making it difficult to achieve the predetermined goals of the policy at the operational level.
5
Balčiukynaitė, Neringa. "Policijos pareigūnų veikla vykdant nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencinį darbą." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120703_143025-30496.
Full textAbstract:
Nusikalstamumas yra negatyvus reiškinys, padarantis didelę žalą visuomenei ir kuo anksčiau bus užkertamas jam kelias, tuo mažesnis nusikalstamumo lygis bus ateityje. Visuotinai pritariama, jog nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencija Lietuvai šiandien yra aktuali. Šį prevencinį darbą vykdo ir prie jo prisideda įvairios institucijos, tokios kaip: teisėsaugos; švietimo, mokymo ir auklėjimo įstaigos; vaiko teisių apsaugos tarnybos; įvairios visuomeninės organizacijos ir kiti subjektai. Darbe nagrinėjama policijos veikla, vykdant nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencinį darbą.
Lyginant Lietuvos nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo būklę su kaimyninės Latvijos, pastebėtina, kad Lietuvoje ši būklė yra blogesnė, nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo lygis didesnis. Greta to, tenka pripažinti, jog Lietuvoje vykstantys kultūrinių vertybių ir aplinkos pokyčiai, tokie kaip santuokos kaip vertybės silpnėjimas, žema tarpusavio santykių kultūra, kartų solidarumo mažėjimas, nepakankama valstybės pagalba šeimai krizių atveju, atotolio šeimos tipo (našlaičio sindromas) formavimasis skatina nepilnamečių asocialaus elgesio atsiradimą ir sudaro prielaidas nusikalstamumui didėti. Tai suponuoja siekį atidžiau įvertinti vienos iš pagrindinių – policijos – institucijų, vykdančių nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencinį darbą, veiklos efektyvumą. Todėl darbo tikslas yra įvertinti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo lygį Lietuvoje ir policijos pareigūnų veiklą, vykdant nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevenciją.
Sociologinio tyrimo metu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Crime is a negative phenomenon, which makes major damage to the public, so preventing it as early as possible will lower the crime rate in the future. It is generally accepted that the juvenile crime prevention is relevant today. This preventive work is carried out and contributed by various institutions, such as: law enforcement, enlightenment, training and education, child protection services, various public organizations and other entities. This study examines police actions in carrying out juvenile crime prevention work. It is noticeable that situation in Lithuania is worse when comparing juvenile crime situation in Lithuania with neighboring Latvia - juvenile crime rates are higher. Along with this, one has to admit that changes of environment and cultural values, such as weakening meaning of marriage, low culture of reciprocal relationship, decline in solidarity of generations, lack of public support for the family crisis, family type with Parents Abroad (orphan syndrome) promotes the formation of juvenile antisocial behavior and leads to increase of crime. This implies a desire to more closely evaluate one of the key - the police - the authorities involved in juvenile crime prevention work and performance. Therefore, study objective is to evaluate the juvenile crime rate in Lithuania and police actions in the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Sociological research shows that police actions in juvenile crime prevention work effectiveness is hampered by these factors:... [to full text]
6
Hallgren, Andrea, and Ida Henriksson. ""Men, det brister vid frågan om resurser": En granskning av Polisprojekt Tomelilla." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26387.
Full textAbstract:
Föreliggande studie har granskat det brottsförebyggande projektet ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’, vilket implementerades i Tomelilla kommun som ett pilotprojekt mellan maj 2015 och juni 2016. De brottspreventiva insatserna infördes bland annat till följd av en ökad kriminalitet hos dem unga i Tomelilla kommun och var således ett samarbete mellan polis, socialtjänst, skola, arbetsförmedling samt fritidsverksamhet. Rådande undersökning är uppdelad i två delstudier, där delstudie 1 baseras på intervjuer medan delstudie 2 analyserar officiell brottsstatistik. I delstudie 1 utröntes de deltagande aktörerna i ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’ upplevelser av arbetet samt vilka förutsättningar som fordras för liknande samverkansprojekt. Delstudie 2 undersökte huruvida projektet verkade förebyggande gentemot ungdomarnas utförda skadegörelse, olaga hot samt bruk av narkotika. Resultatet i delstudie 1 påvisade en hos aktörerna övergripande positiv uppfattning av projektet men att det existerade förbättringsområden. Resurser, engagemang och god samverkan betraktades huvudsakligen vara grundläggande för att bedriva liknande projekt. Delstudie 2 konstaterade att projektet inte genererat någon påtaglig brottsförebyggande effekt. Avslutningsvis diskuteras bland annat resultatet kopplat till teori samt hur tolkning av statistik kan ha kommit att påverka studiens utfall.The present study has examined the crime prevention project 'Polisprojekt Tomelilla', which was implemented in Tomelilla municipality as a pilot project between May 2015 and June 2016. The crime preventing actions were principally introduced as a result of the increased crime rates among young individual’s in Tomelilla municipality, and was thus a collaboration between police, social services, school, employment services and the community youth center. The paper is divided into two sub-studies, where sub-study 1 is based on interviews while sub-study 2 analyzes official crime statistics. In sub-study 1, the participating actors experiences of the work with ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’ and conditions required for similar collaboration projects was examined. Sub-study 2 investigated whether the project appeared to prevent adolescents perpetrated criminal damage, unlawful threats and use of drugs. The result in sub-study 1 demonstrated an overall positive perception of the project, but that there were areas for improvement. Resources, commitment and functioning collaboration were considered to be fundamentally essential for carrying out similar projects. Sub-study 2 found that the project did not generate any significant effect on the crime rates. Lastly, the result is discussed, inter alia based on theory and how interpretation of statistics may have influenced the study's outcome.
7
Edstrand, Sara, and Katrin Mallo. ""Samverkan är egentligen oljan i maskineriet...". : En kvalitativ studie om samverkan mellan polis och socialtjänst i det brottsförebyggande arbetet mot ungdomsbrottslighet i Malmö utifrån ett professionsperspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100689.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate how social services and police work together to prevent juvenile delinquency in the city of Malmö. The study's questions are based on how the authorities, represented by social workers and police officers, experience the cooperation between the two organizations, which enables and prevents it as well as which methods and initiatives give the best results. They are also based on what needs to be developed within the cooperation to improve the work against juvenile delinquency. The study is based on a qualitative method in the form of nine interviews with both social workers and police officers, all working within the muncipality of Malmö. The collected material from these interviews has then been analyzed through previous research, cooperation theory and organizational theory. The results of this study show that both authorities are dependent on each other's resources to prevent juvenile delinquency. The results also show that cooperation between the social services and the police by the interviewees understood as an effective method in the work against juvenile delinquency, despite various obstacles raised by the interviewed professionals. This was, for example, the law of confidentiality. Although the generalization of the results of this study should be considered with caution, as the study is merely based on the city of Malmö.
8
Buchholz, Maria Mae. "Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Programs in the Prevention of Juvenile Crime." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27330.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined how restorative justice programs impact the probability of recidivism among juvenile offenders. It compared juveniles who completed restorative justice programs versus juveniles who were released with warning from the courts. Both groups were compared to determine if restorative justice juveniles outcomes differed based on recidivism. Logistic regression showed that restorative justice programs had statistically significant increased odds of recidivating when compared to juveniles released with a warning. However, when the groups of restorative justice were disaggregated, only the adjudicated juveniles were statistically significant. Survival time analysis showed that restorative justice juveniles have longer survival times of recidivism when compared to juveniles released with a warning. Suggestions for further research and analysis are discussed with respect to the current results.
9
Miller, Lisa Lynn. "Taking control : race, community and the politics of crime prevention /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10771.
Full text
10
Benge, G. Jack. "Partners in crime federal crime control policy and the states, 1894-1938 /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1162821110.
Full text
11
Man, Chi-hung, and 文志雄. "A self-report study of juvenile crime in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978162.
Full text
12
Koch, Brigitte C. M. "National crime prevention policy in England and Wales 1979-1995." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343300.
Full text
13
Yamaoka, Ayuchi. "SUPPORT SERVICES WITH COMMUNITY MEMBER FOR CRIME REHABILITATION AND PREVENTION BY JAPANESE CLASSIFIATION HOMES." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2703.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis evaluated the new law since 2015 of the support services by Japanese Juvenile Classification Home (JCH) which is a detention facility for juveniles. The support services by the JCHs is providing psychological and educational individualized support who are facing crime-related or deliquency-related problems based on the requests from any individuals and organizations in community. It is based on the classification for the support services in the former law. This study also examined the role of population density among three categories of large, medium-sized, and small prefectures. The relationship between delinquent rates and support services for the juvenile population three years of before and after the new law among the three geographic categories was examined. Delinquent outcome rates significantly decreased among the geographic categories. By contrast, support services by the JCH rates significantly increased among all three geographic categories. Small and medium-sized had more the classification for support services and support services than large prefectures; their support services rate were higher than delinquent rates. With regard to common services, workshop (providing lecture or workshop to the group of people) was most major, institutional counseling (providing individualized services based on the request of organizations) was second, case conference (attending case conference of other organizations), and individual counseling(providing individualized services based on the request or individuals) was third. Most of these four types of services were provided more in small and medium-sized prefectures than large prefectures. The results supported the richness in social capital in small and medium-sized prefectures. Though this study did not examine the effects of support services by the JCH, but it suggested the needs in the community has been increased. Considering the basic characteristics of the support services, it could meet the Risk-Needs-Responsivity principle, but further information about the clients’ basic demographic, risk level, criminological needs and their responsivity is needed in the future.
14
Dillensnyder, Scott P. "Prevention and early intervention as a response to juvenile crime and violence a study of strategies and programs /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1998. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1998.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2938. Abstract appears on leaves 2-3. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.
15
Wright, Kara F. B. "Examining the effects of individual counseling and crime prevention programs on recidivism of juvenile offenders." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1997. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/167.
Full textAbstract:
The research done for the following study revealed two gaps in the literature which were as follows: 1) crime prevention programs and individual counseling were not being observed simultaneously as interventions in the reduction of recidivism among juvenile offenders and 2) little attention had been given to the effects individual counseling had on the recidivism rate ofjuvenile offenders. Therefore, this study examined the effects of individual counseling and crime prevention programs on the recidivism rate ofjuvenile offenders. The unit of analysis consisted of 50 male juvenile offenders from Inner Harbour Hospital Outdoor Therapeutic Program in Rockmart, GA. The study was based on the premise that the interventions--individual counseling and crime prevention programs would significantly reduce recidivism ofjuvenile offenders. A One-Group Pre-test/Post-test design was used to determine the degree to which the interventions were effective. Content analysis of the case records of 50 male juvenile offenders was the method of data collection. The results of the data analysis suggested that there was no significant difference between pre- and post-test recidivism rates. Implications of this finding for social work practice and future research are discussed.
16
Brown, Kay Vyvyan. "The economics of crime prevention policy : with particular reference to various crime categories in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5766.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: p. 233-242.The criminal justice system is the instrument used by Government to control crime because it is generally believed that this is more efficient in preventing crime than other types of public expenditure. In this thesis the relative importance of law enforcement, economic and socio-economic variables in determining South African crime is assessed. An interdisciplinary theory of crime is developed, based on the economic model but including additional variables from both sociology and political science. Data was obtained from the Human Science Research Council, Central Statistical Service (now Statistic South Africa) and departments comprising the criminal justice system. Two stage least squares estimation procedures are adopted to estimate the total, property and violent crime rate equations for ninety magisterial districts in 1994, the probability of prosecution being an endogenous variable. As modelling reveals that all categories of variables significantly influence the toal and property crime rate, the central hypothesis in this study is verified. More expenditure exclusively on the criminal justice system is not the most effective policy, other types of public expenditure must also be used in crime prevention. Those which would significantly reduce crime concern improvements in education and the well-being in female headed households and the reduction of poverty and possibly unemployment. Law enforcement variables are not the only influence on crime but they have an inherent function within a society based on the rule of law. Therefore, the study moves on to a production function analysis of policing relating to toal, property and violent crime in South African provinces in the quarters of 1997 to 1999.
17
Wahlgren, Paula. "De laglydiga : Om skolans brottsförebyggande fostran." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kriminologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-109036.
Full textAbstract:
Politicians and scholars often frame schooling as one of society’s most important crime preventive measures. The object of the study is to examine and problematize the hopes and ambitions that have evolved around what the study conceptualizes as the crime preventive educational task of public schooling and its historical trajectory as articulated in government publications. Drawing on governmentality theory, the study focuses on the liberal conception of the autonomous and self-regulating subject, and how the liberal mode of government works through the governing of freedom. The study identifies three discourses on crime preventive education: The emancipatory (1970s onwards), the deterrence (late 1980s onwards) and the safety/security discourse (21st century). The discursive shifts identified are further analysed in respect to how i) the explanation of crime, and the relationship between the deviant and the law-abiding subject, ii) control and iii) freedom and responsibility, are conceptualized over time. The conceptualization of criminal behaviour goes from being caused by social deprivation, becoming instead a calculated rational act. Subsequently, the deviant is altered from a person in need of reintegration to a deterrent example and a risk. The problematization of control has a trajectory from being a matter of social control and integration, ending instead as a matter of risk control and prudentialism. The conceptualization of the kind of freedom and responsibility the crime preventive education should foster is also reframed, from a strategy to counter a lack of democracy and influence, to a way of making prudent citizens. In this, the notion of a collective responsibility has been superseded by a belief in individual responsibility. The key problematization vindicating the process has gone from how to integrate youths into a society in constant flux, to how to restore control if lost and how to protect a pre-given social order.
18
Gervais, Christine L. M. "The development of federal crime prevention policy initiatives in Canada, 1992-1993." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6773.
Full textAbstract:
Crime prevention has recently become a significant part of the rhetoric in the apparent transformation of criminal justice policy and practice. This thesis explores the implications of the Canadian federal crime prevention policy initiatives developed between 1992 and 1993. As a descriptive analysis, this thesis identifies the nature, the direction and the practical implications of the pending prevention policy initiatives aimed at reducing crime and victimization, and achieving community safety in Canada. A particular emphasis is placed on whether or not the proposed policy initiatives constitute a shift away from traditional reactive criminal justice responses, and towards a focus on proactive approaches. The analytical framework used derives from Stanley Cohen's (1985) views of social control and Ross Hastings' (1993a) Crime Prevention Typology. The author argues that the proposed "comprehensive" crime prevention strategy is limited in its capacity to significantly reduce crime and victimization because it emphasizes both inclusionary and exclusionary, as well as, both proactive and reactive measures of deviancy control. The author concludes that the federal crime prevention initiatives developed between 1992 and 1993 are not likely to result in significant changes in the delivery of social control. They may be considered, at best, a mere extension of the historical patterns of uneven progress in transformations of social control.
19
Vlugter, Roberta. "Too little, too late? : parenting orders as a form of crime prevention." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/326354.
Full textAbstract:
The development of Youth Justice in the UK since the early 1990s has been informed by the belief that the family plays a key role in youth offending. In 1998 the parenting order was introduced, based on the assumption that interventions to improve parenting will have a positive effect upon offending. The availability of the order was extended in 2005, reflecting the view that parents who do not undertake parenting support are being wilfully negligent of their responsibilities and must be made to take the help offered. In this thesis the assumptions justifying the parenting order and its extensions are questioned. Evidence suggests that although parenting is influential, it is one of many factors associated with the onset of or desistence from offending. Furthermore, as this thesis highlights, parents likely to receive parenting orders are often experiencing several personal and environmental 'stressors', creating high levels of need. These situational pressures and high level of need, this thesis argues, are likely to make it difficult for them to be effective in their role, or to gain long term benefit from attending a parenting programme. Furthermore, many parents have histories of unsuccessfully seeking assistance from 'helping agencies', refuting the assumption of wilful neglect. This thesis considers the advantages and limitations of parenting work as a form of crime prevention and specifically looks at the use of the parenting order. An argument is presented for a wider, more holistic approach to parenting work than that offered by the parenting order as a form of crime prevention and for providing assistance to families earlier.
20
Talavera, Jhonny. "Crime Prevention at Municipal Level : A qualitative study about municipal official’s experience of the implementation of the national crime prevention program “Tillsammans mot brott”." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55090.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In Sweden, organized crime has become more varied and cross-border which has led to change in the nature and the scope of organized crime. The national crime prevention program – Tillsammans mot brott (TMB) was presented by the Government of Sweden to increase security and prevent crime. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how municipal officials experience barriers and facilitators regarding the implementation of the national crime prevention program at local level. Methods: A qualitative method was used to gain in-depth knowledge about the study aim. A purposive sampling method was used, and a semi-structed interviews were conducted with eight participants from eight different municipalities. An inductive content analysis was used, and an ecological framework was applied to analyze the collected data. Result: The result showed that the municipality officials’ experience of barriers and facilitators regarding the implementing TMB could be divided into two categories; (i) internal work processes for implementing crime prevention initiatives, and (ii) external work direction within crime prevention collaboration. Conclusion: A public health approach enables to tackle innovative and holistic the occurrence and consequences of crimes since it involves working evidence-based with a range of stakeholders to address the multicausal origins of crimes
21
Ogg, James Thomas. "The serious crime prevention order : policy making and taking on the path to preventive justice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547787.
Full text
22
Hil, Richard. "Essays and studies in youth justice, crime and social control." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/325195.
Full textAbstract:
The following report examines the contribution my publications have made over the course of a twenty-year career in government departments (in Britain) and academic institutions (in Australia) to advancing scholarly inquiry in the areas of Youth Justice, Young People and Social Welfare, and Criminology. In the section dealing with Youth Justice publications I have given patiicular attention to a dominant and coherent area of study under the heading Families, Crime and Juvenile Justice. The conmmon thematic content of my publications focuses on the ways in which celiain individuals and social groups perceive and experience systems of social control. Additionally, the report highlights a range of allied pUblications that have dealt with the consequences of largely state-sponsored policies and practices in relation to a range of 'subject populations'. It is argued that my contribution to advancing knowledge in the above areas has been achieved in two primary ways: (a) through a range of original pubEcations based on theoretical and empirical studies, and substantial polemical and critical work; (b) through significant engagement in scholarly debate and discussion (including citation of my work in the publications of other academics) and facilitation of reflexive discussion an10ng social welfare practitioners and policy makers. Finally, the report attempts to contextualise my publications through a detailed discussion of the personal and intellectual origins of my work over the past two decades. The latter involves a general review of the sociological, criminological and social welfare literature relating to a prevailing concern with what I have broadly tenned the 'phenomenology of social control'.
23
Youngblood, Michelle K. "Juvenile Justice Sentencing: Are There Alternatives?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2664/.
Full textAbstract:
Research indicates that states have implemented juvenile justice reforms to enact harsher punishments, to transfer greater numbers and younger juvenile offenders to adult criminal court, and to restrict discretion of the juvenile court judges. Social science studies have found that harsher punishments, transfers to adult criminal court and other measures do not work, but that comprehensive approaches which address the numerous major factors contributing to juvenile offending have been successful. This study examined the legal status of the juvenile justice system by focusing upon ten diverse sample states and analyzed the social science research on factors contributing to juvenile offending and on prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation approaches. The study was accomplished by legal research, qualitative social science research, and analysis of both. Findings indicated:
a) state statutes require and allow adult punishment of juvenile offenders, transfer of juvenile offenders to adult criminal court, and direct filing of charges against juveniles in adult criminal court; most states begin these proceedings at age 14, some have no age minimum;
b) social science research indicates numerous factors contribute to juvenile offending with most of the factors categorized into the major factors of early antisocial behavior, deviant peers, parents and family, sociomoral reasoning, biological factors, and violence which interact with each other creating a complicated web; and
c) prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation efforts should be comprehensive, multidimensional and multimodal addressing the interacting major factors contributing to juvenile offending and the needs of the juvenile, the family, and the home environment.
Implications include the need for legislators to access the social science research to craft legislation and programs which are effective. Suggestions for improvement include collaboration within communities and with knowledgeable and committed social science professionals and educators. Areas suggested for further research include education of the public, the media, and stakeholders; long term follow-up on promising programs; design and improvements in approaches based upon the social science research; meeting the needs of the juvenile, the family, and the home environment; and study of how the factors may differ for disabled juveniles.
24
Bradley, Jeffrey. "Youth Mentoring as a Viable Crime Prevention Strategy: Evidence and Ontario Policy, with Reflections from Some Mentors." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37250.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explored whether youth mentoring could be used as a crime prevention strategy for Ontario. It examined risk factors for youth crime and social bonding theory, the effectiveness of selected programs to prevent crime and best practices, and Ontario government reports on effective crime prevention. It also explored youth mentoring in practice with some mentors from Big Brothers Big Sisters of Ottawa and Sudbury Ontario. The analysis of the literature on risk factors for youth crime identified a number of individual, relationship, community, and societal level factors that correlate with the likelihood of a young person engaging in crime. Travis Hirschi’s social bonding theory provided a lens to understand the contribution mentoring can have on preventing crime through attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief with parents and schools. The evidence-based research on the effectiveness of selected programs that had a mentoring component showed that the likelihood of offending could be reduced with other well-being indicators. Research on mentoring relationships showed that when mentors focused on the assets of the youth and were committed to the relationship, they could foster a lasting emotional bond. Best practices of an effective youth mentoring program included outreaching to vulnerable youth, involving parents, screening and training mentors, matching mentors and mentees based on background, having mentoring connected to a larger strategy, following a developmental approach, and developing standards for implementation. The recent reports from the Province of Ontario on crime prevention and community safety use much of the same evidence on risk factors and social development programs to confirm that prevention is an effective way to reduce crime. These reports also point to strong public support for government investment in prevention and education over punishment. The semi-structured interviews with mentoring practitioners in Sudbury and Ottawa, Ontario analyzed the methods used by mentors volunteering with high-risk youth in the Big Brothers Big Sisters community-based program. Results showed the organizational procedure, youth and risk factors, the bonding process between mentors and mentees, and challenges of mentoring at-risk youth were important. Mentors had positive beliefs on the impacts mentoring had on preventing crime and violence. Therefore, youth mentoring is a crime prevention strategy consistent with evidence and government reports and so is viable, but will require political support and investment upstream to make a difference across the province.
25
Posick, Chad M. "The use of computer-based interventions in cognitive behavioral therapy : policy implications for violence and delinquency prevention in community corrections /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/9590.
Full text
26
Shariati, Auzeen. "An Assessment of The Role of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in Campus Safety." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3391.
Full textAbstract:
The use of crime prevention initiatives on American college campuses has rapidly increased in the past three decades as high profile crime incidents continue to erode the public’s perception of universities as sanctuaries —isolated from criminal activity. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an environmental approach to crime prevention that refers to strategies that focus on reducing crime opportunities by manipulating the physical and social qualities of the environment. Although empirical research on CPTED is growing, little is known about the impact of this method on educational settings. The main argument of the present study is that CPTED has the potential to foster campus safety by reducing crime and increasing the perception of safety. Based on findings from previous studies, it is expected that universities with higher level of CPTED are more likely to have lower crime rates, and students residing in high CPTED campus facilities are more likely to have higher perception of safety.
To test the hypothesized effect, a content analysis of the annual safety reports of 100 postsecondary institutions in the United States was conducted. In addition, the residents of two dormitories of a university were surveyed to assess their safety perceptions. Furthermore, a case study was conducted in a college campus with a systematic deployment of the CPTED approach. In-depth interviews, one focus group, in-site observations, and analysis of secondary data were performed to contextualize the study findings.
Although the quantitative analysis of the national review of the annual safety reports did not provide evidence in support of the hypothesized effect, it uncovered a reverse relationship between crime rate and use of environmental crime prevention measures. The results of the survey of students’ perception of safety, on the other hand, revealed evidence in support of the second hypothesis of the dissertation. Furthermore, the qualitative case study analysis provided insight into the implementation procedures, strengths, and challenges of the systematic CPTED program. The main findings show how CPTED works in the academic context and what alterations are needed to advance the program.
27
Rogers, Mario Leone. "Gang activity in San Bernardino, California: A needs assessment for Operation Phoenix." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3357.
Full textAbstract:
This research study examined an innovative gang approach in the city of San Bernardino called Operation Phoenix. The purpose of this study was to conduct a needs assessment for Operation Phoenix. This qualitative and quantitative study examined how effective Operation Phoenix was in the prevention, intervention, and suppression of gang activity in the city of San Bernardino. In addition it assessed the unique needs of this comprehensive gang program.
28
Tam, Shu-tong Estee, and 譚樹棠. "Judicial crisis in Hong Kong: a case study ofCheung Tze-Keung." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979051.
Full text
29
Gjiknuri, Damian. "Albania's counter-terrorism policy options : finding a strategy of common sense /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FGjiknuri.pdf.
Full text
30
Kneip, Katharina. "A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention: Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African Townships." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-409489.
Full textAbstract:
Children growing up in poor areas with high crime rates are shown to easily get involved in violent actions and criminal gangs. In South Africa, despite considerable efforts to reduce youth delinquency, youth crime rates are still disturbingly high – specifically, in the townships of the Cape Flats. This paper points out an important aspect previously unaddressed by most youth crime prevention: the subconscious roots of youth crime. What if we could develop youth crime prevention programs that manage to impact the subconscious behavioral patterns of youth in high crime areas? This paper proposes a promising and cost-effective approach that has great potential to affect multipe causes of crime: mindfulness meditation. Built upon newest findings in Neuroscience, this paper suggests that mindfulness meditation classes are associated with a reduction in aggressive behavior, a risk factor for youth crime, and an increase in self-efficacy, a protective factor. The impact of mindfulness classes at a high school in Khayelitsha, a poor and violent-stricken township of Cape Town, is analyzed. Self-reported aggression and self-efficacy are measured via a psychometric survey questionnaire created from two well-tested and validated scales. Regression analyses of 384 survey answers provided mixed results. Whilst novice meditators were not associated with higher self-efficacy and lower aggression, long-term meditators performed better in several dimensions of self-efficacy and aggression, yet no significant relationship was found. Further research specifically needs to investigate the moderating effect of age (a proxy for psychological development) on meditation. This study aims to bridge the gap between the outdated paradigms of youth crime prevention and ancient wisdom via ground-breaking new evidence from the field of Neuroscience. This study furthermore hopes to point policy makers toward developing new, integrative and sustainable approaches to youth crime prevention – approaches that give back agency to our youth.Anders Westholm har inget med betygssättningen att göra annat än i rent formellt hänseende (examinator). Det är han som rapporterar in och skriver under men i sak är det seminarieledaren som har beslutet i sin hand. Statsvetenskapliga institutet har som princip att skilja på handledning och examination vilket innebär att handledaren inte får vara seminarieledare. Seminarieledare och personen som satt betygget var i det här fallet Sven Oskarsson: Sven.Oskarsson@statsvet.uu.se
31
Demirag, Kaan, and Jonathan Matthews Habtom. "Det finns en annan väg : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om ett särskilt utsatt område och att inte hamna i en kriminell livsstil." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40983.
Full textAbstract:
Information about what it is that prevents young men from vulnerable areas from getting into a criminal way of life shines with their absence. This becomes a problem as these individuals’ risk being stigmatized and stamped. The main purpose of this essay is to find out why young adult men from the Järva area do not end up in a criminal way of life. By highlighting causes that exist, we have also chosen a sub-purpose, as we want to find out what the place Järva has meant to the young and adult men's lifes and upbringing. To achieve the study's purpose and answer to the questions, we have used a qualitative study where we interviewed five young adult men aged 22-26 and a youth leader with 10 years of experience working with youth in Järva. In the result, the young-adult men highlight how factors such as family, area, friends and long-term sustainability have had an impact on not committing criminal acts. This study aims to prove the opposite, when it comes to the negative stigma that occurs with coming from Järva. The study reveals a clear answer as to why young adults from Järva were prevented from getting into a criminal lifestyle and how the place Järva influenced their choices in life.Information kring vad det är som gör att unga män från utsatta områden inte hamnar in i en kriminell livsstil lyser med sin frånvaro. Detta blir ett problem då dessa individer riskerar att stigmatiseras och stämplas. Huvudsyftet med denna uppsats är ta reda på vad som gör att ungavuxna män från Järvaområdet inte hamnar i en kriminell livsstil. Genom att lyfta fram orsaker som existerar har vi även valt ett delsyfte, då vi vill ta reda på vad platsen Järva har haft för betydelse för de unga-vuxna männens liv och uppväxt. För att uppnå studiens syfte och svar på frågeställningarna har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuade fem unga-vuxna män i åldrarna mellan 22–26 år och en ungdomsledare med 10 års erfarenhet av arbete med ungdomar i Järva. I resultatet belyser de unga-vuxna männen hur faktorer som familj, område, vänner och långsiktig hållbarhet har haft en påverkan till att inte utföra kriminella handlingar. Den negativa stigmatiseringen som uppstår med att komma från Järva, hoppas vi med denna studie bevisa motsatsen. I studien framkommer det tydliga svar om vad som gör att unga-vuxna män från Järva hindrats hamna i en kriminell livsstil samt hur platsen Järva påverkat deras val i livet.
32
Kankondi, Adelina Omagano Tukwatha. "An exploration of opportunities for design interventions to reduce crime : a case study situated in Bridgetown." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1317.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011This study explores the possibilities of using design interventions in mitigating crime. The study employs the Design Against Crime (DAC) philosophy in dealing with crime, which provides a holistic perspective regarding crimeand related issues.High crime levels in South Africa necessitate alternative approaches to dealing with crime, as it is becoming evident that the old strategies that have been utilised are not providing the desired effects.The focus is on the emergence of crime amongst youth at risk, living in communities-in-tension and more specifically,the Bridgetown community near Cape Town. Communities which constitute the lower socio-economic income level, usually suffer the most with regards to crime. The effects of crime negatively influence the development of the community, allowing the cycle of poverty and crime to continue. If the cycle of crime can be broken in these communities, development may take place which will strengthen them in a number of ways, including their standing in society. In order to gain a better understanding of the crime situation in South Africa, the study investigates the country‘s crime history and its widespread effects on society today. The research also looks at other factors such as personal and environmental settings that inform an individual‘s decision to commit crime. Delinquency and its results are also explored. The theoretical lens used in the study is that of Socially Responsible Design (SRD), with DAC as a subsection.SRDlooks at providing solutions to societal problems from a holistic point of view. The study uses a qualitative approach which focuses on people in real life situations,allowing the researcher to gain insight into what motivates people in their specific circumstances. The participants involved in the study are members of the Bridgetown community, youth from that community and theReconstructed Living Labs (RLabs) team, who were previously involved in crime. The researcher sought the views of experts in the field with regards to crime alleviation in communities such as Bridgetown. This research study concludes that opportunities exist forholistic and multi-faceted deployment of DAC strategies in that community to ameliorate crime, when these strategies targetyouth at risk.
33
Palk, Gavan Roger Mark. "The nature and extent of policing alcohol related crime and reducing violence in and around late night entertainment areas." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/29963/1/Gavan_Palk_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The misuse of alcohol is well documented in Australia and has been associated with disorders and harms that often require police attention. The extent of alcohol-related incidents requiring police attention has been recorded as substantial in some Australian cities (Arro, Crook, & Fenton, 1992; Davey & French, 1995; Ireland & Thommeny, 1993). A significant proportion of harmful drinking occurs in and around licensed premises (Jochelson, 1997; Stockwell, Masters, Phillips, Daly, Gahegan, Midford, & Philp, 1998; Borges, Cherpitel, & Rosovsky, 1998) and most of these incidents are not reported to police (Bryant & Williams, 2000; Lister, Hobbs, Hall, & Winlow, 2000). Alcohol-related incidents have also been found to be concentrated in certain places at certain times (Jochelson, 1997) and therefore manipulating the context in which these incidents occur may provide a means to prevent and reduce the harm associated with alcohol misuse.
One of the major objectives of the present program of research was to investigate the occurrence and resource impact of alcohol-related incidents on operational (general duties) policing across a large geographical area. A second objective of the thesis was to examine the characteristics and temporal/spatial dynamics of police attended alcohol incidents in the context of Place Based theories of crime. It was envisaged that this approach would reveal the patterns of the most prevalent offences and demonstrate the relevance of Place Based theories of crime to understanding these patterns. In addition, the role of alcohol, time and place were also explored in order to examine the association between non criminal traffic offences and other types of criminal offences. A final objective of the thesis was to examine the impact of a situational crime prevention strategy that had been initiated to reduce the violence and disorder associated with late-night liquor trading premises.
The program of research in this doctorate thesis has been undertaken through the presentation of published papers. The research was conducted in three stages which produced six manuscripts, five of which were submitted to peer reviewed journals and one that was published in a peer reviewed conference proceedings. Stage One included two studies (Studies 1 & 2) both of which involved a cross sectional approach to examine the prevalence and characteristics of alcohol-related incidents requiring police attendance across three large geographical areas that included metropolitan cities, provincial regions and rural areas. Stage Two of the program of research also comprised two cross sectional quantitative studies (Studies 3 & 4) that investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of the major offence categories attended by operational police in a specific Police District (Gold Coast). Stage Three of the program of research involved two studies (Studies 5 & 6) that assessed the effectiveness of a situational crime prevention strategy. The studies employed a pre-post design to assess the impact on crime, disorder and violence by preventing patrons from entering late-night liquor trading premises between 3 a.m. and 5 a.m. (lockout policy). Although Study Five was solely quantitative in nature, Study Six included both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The approach adopted in Study Six, therefore facilitated not only a quantative comparison of the impact of the lockout policy on different policing areas, but also enabled the processes related to the implementation of the lockout policy to be examined.
The thesis reports a program of research involving a common data collection method which then involved a series of studies being conducted to explore different aspects of the data. The data was collected from three sources. Firstly a pilot phase was undertaken to provide participants with training. Secondly a main study period was undertaken immediately following the pilot phase. The first and second sources of data were collected between 29th March 2004 and 2nd May 2004. Thirdly, additional data was collected between the 1st April 2005 and 31st May 2005.
Participants in the current program of research were first response operational police officers who completed a modified activity log over a 9 week period (4 week pilot phase & 5 week survey study phase), identifying the type, prevalence and characteristics of alcohol-related incidents that were attended. During the study period police officers attended 31,090 alcohol-related incidents. Studies One and Two revealed that a substantial proportion of current police work involves attendance at alcohol-related incidents (i.e., 25% largely involving young males aged between 17 and 24 years). The most common incidents police attended were vehicle and/or traffic matters, disturbances and offences against property. The major category of offences most likely to involve alcohol included vehicle/traffic matters, disturbances and offences against the person (e.g., common & serious assaults). These events were most likely to occur in the late evenings and early hours of the morning on the weekends, and importantly, usually took longer for police to complete than non alcohol-related incidents.
The findings in Studies Three and Four suggest that serious traffic offences, disturbances and offences against the person share similar characteristics and occur in concentrated places at similar times. In addition, it was found that time, place and incident type all have an influence on whether an incident attended by a police officer is alcohol-related. Alcohol-related incidents are more likely to occur in particular locations in the late evenings and early mornings on the weekends. In particular, there was a strong association between the occurrence of alcohol-related disturbances and alcohol-related serious traffic offences in regards to place and time. In general, stealing and property offences were not alcohol-related and occurred in daylight hours during weekdays.
The results of Studies Five and Six were mixed. A number of alcohol-related offences requiring police attention were significantly reduced for some policing areas and for some types of offences following the implementation of the lockout policy. However, in some locations the lockout policy appeared to have a negative or minimal impact. Interviews with licensees revealed that although all were initially opposed to the lockout policy as they believed it would have a negative impact on business, most perceived some benefits from its introduction. Some of the benefits included, improved patron safety and the development of better business strategies to increase patron numbers.
In conclusion, the overall findings of the six studies highlight the pervasive nature of alcohol across a range of criminal incidents, demonstrating the tremendous impact alcohol-related incidents have on police. The findings also demonstrate the importance of time and place in predicting the occurrence of alcohol-related offences. Although this program of research did not set out to test Place Based theories of crime, these theories were used to inform the interpretation of findings. The findings in the current research program provide evidence for the relevance of Place Based theories of crime to understanding the factors contributing to violence and disorder, and designing relevant crime prevention strategies. For instance, the results in Studies Five and Six provide supportive evidence that this novel lockout initiative can be beneficial for public safety by reducing some types of offences in particular areas in and around late-night liquor trading premises. Finally, intelligent-led policing initiatives based on problem oriented policing, such as the lockout policy examined in this thesis, have potential as a major crime prevention technique to reduce specific types of alcohol-related offences.
34
Palk, Gavan Roger Mark. "The nature and extent of policing alcohol related crime and reducing violence in and around late night entertainment areas." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29963/.
Full textAbstract:
The misuse of alcohol is well documented in Australia and has been associated with disorders and harms that often require police attention. The extent of alcohol-related incidents requiring police attention has been recorded as substantial in some Australian cities (Arro, Crook, & Fenton, 1992; Davey & French, 1995; Ireland & Thommeny, 1993). A significant proportion of harmful drinking occurs in and around licensed premises (Jochelson, 1997; Stockwell, Masters, Phillips, Daly, Gahegan, Midford, & Philp, 1998; Borges, Cherpitel, & Rosovsky, 1998) and most of these incidents are not reported to police (Bryant & Williams, 2000; Lister, Hobbs, Hall, & Winlow, 2000). Alcohol-related incidents have also been found to be concentrated in certain places at certain times (Jochelson, 1997) and therefore manipulating the context in which these incidents occur may provide a means to prevent and reduce the harm associated with alcohol misuse.
One of the major objectives of the present program of research was to investigate the occurrence and resource impact of alcohol-related incidents on operational (general duties) policing across a large geographical area. A second objective of the thesis was to examine the characteristics and temporal/spatial dynamics of police attended alcohol incidents in the context of Place Based theories of crime. It was envisaged that this approach would reveal the patterns of the most prevalent offences and demonstrate the relevance of Place Based theories of crime to understanding these patterns. In addition, the role of alcohol, time and place were also explored in order to examine the association between non criminal traffic offences and other types of criminal offences. A final objective of the thesis was to examine the impact of a situational crime prevention strategy that had been initiated to reduce the violence and disorder associated with late-night liquor trading premises.
The program of research in this doctorate thesis has been undertaken through the presentation of published papers. The research was conducted in three stages which produced six manuscripts, five of which were submitted to peer reviewed journals and one that was published in a peer reviewed conference proceedings. Stage One included two studies (Studies 1 & 2) both of which involved a cross sectional approach to examine the prevalence and characteristics of alcohol-related incidents requiring police attendance across three large geographical areas that included metropolitan cities, provincial regions and rural areas. Stage Two of the program of research also comprised two cross sectional quantitative studies (Studies 3 & 4) that investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of the major offence categories attended by operational police in a specific Police District (Gold Coast). Stage Three of the program of research involved two studies (Studies 5 & 6) that assessed the effectiveness of a situational crime prevention strategy. The studies employed a pre-post design to assess the impact on crime, disorder and violence by preventing patrons from entering late-night liquor trading premises between 3 a.m. and 5 a.m. (lockout policy). Although Study Five was solely quantitative in nature, Study Six included both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The approach adopted in Study Six, therefore facilitated not only a quantative comparison of the impact of the lockout policy on different policing areas, but also enabled the processes related to the implementation of the lockout policy to be examined.
The thesis reports a program of research involving a common data collection method which then involved a series of studies being conducted to explore different aspects of the data. The data was collected from three sources. Firstly a pilot phase was undertaken to provide participants with training. Secondly a main study period was undertaken immediately following the pilot phase. The first and second sources of data were collected between 29th March 2004 and 2nd May 2004. Thirdly, additional data was collected between the 1st April 2005 and 31st May 2005.
Participants in the current program of research were first response operational police officers who completed a modified activity log over a 9 week period (4 week pilot phase & 5 week survey study phase), identifying the type, prevalence and characteristics of alcohol-related incidents that were attended. During the study period police officers attended 31,090 alcohol-related incidents. Studies One and Two revealed that a substantial proportion of current police work involves attendance at alcohol-related incidents (i.e., 25% largely involving young males aged between 17 and 24 years). The most common incidents police attended were vehicle and/or traffic matters, disturbances and offences against property. The major category of offences most likely to involve alcohol included vehicle/traffic matters, disturbances and offences against the person (e.g., common & serious assaults). These events were most likely to occur in the late evenings and early hours of the morning on the weekends, and importantly, usually took longer for police to complete than non alcohol-related incidents.
The findings in Studies Three and Four suggest that serious traffic offences, disturbances and offences against the person share similar characteristics and occur in concentrated places at similar times. In addition, it was found that time, place and incident type all have an influence on whether an incident attended by a police officer is alcohol-related. Alcohol-related incidents are more likely to occur in particular locations in the late evenings and early mornings on the weekends. In particular, there was a strong association between the occurrence of alcohol-related disturbances and alcohol-related serious traffic offences in regards to place and time. In general, stealing and property offences were not alcohol-related and occurred in daylight hours during weekdays.
The results of Studies Five and Six were mixed. A number of alcohol-related offences requiring police attention were significantly reduced for some policing areas and for some types of offences following the implementation of the lockout policy. However, in some locations the lockout policy appeared to have a negative or minimal impact. Interviews with licensees revealed that although all were initially opposed to the lockout policy as they believed it would have a negative impact on business, most perceived some benefits from its introduction. Some of the benefits included, improved patron safety and the development of better business strategies to increase patron numbers.
In conclusion, the overall findings of the six studies highlight the pervasive nature of alcohol across a range of criminal incidents, demonstrating the tremendous impact alcohol-related incidents have on police. The findings also demonstrate the importance of time and place in predicting the occurrence of alcohol-related offences. Although this program of research did not set out to test Place Based theories of crime, these theories were used to inform the interpretation of findings. The findings in the current research program provide evidence for the relevance of Place Based theories of crime to understanding the factors contributing to violence and disorder, and designing relevant crime prevention strategies. For instance, the results in Studies Five and Six provide supportive evidence that this novel lockout initiative can be beneficial for public safety by reducing some types of offences in particular areas in and around late-night liquor trading premises. Finally, intelligent-led policing initiatives based on problem oriented policing, such as the lockout policy examined in this thesis, have potential as a major crime prevention technique to reduce specific types of alcohol-related offences.
35
Karlsson, Petra. "Ungdomsbrottslighet : Hur arbetar utvalda skolor från utvalda områden i Finland och Sverige förebyggande mot ungdomsbrottslighet?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Kriminologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36638.
Full textAbstract:
Title: Juvenile delinquency “How selected schools from selected areas in Finland and Sweden work to prevent juvenile delinquency” The study is a qualitative study where I investigated how a selected municipality's schools in southern Sweden and an area's schools on a Finnish island work preventively against juvenile delinquency. Throughout the study, I will refer to it as an area to facilitate reading. The study only includes high schools and upper secondary schools. The empirical material for the study was collected through semi-structured interviews with six principals and a social educator. The results show large differences in how the schools view juvenile delinquency and what the schools have introduced for measures and what they would like to develop. The selected Swedish upper secondary schools have a program that will influence young people not to commit criminal acts, while the selected Finnish schools' focus is on an anti-bullying program. However, all interviewees considered that collaboration with other actors is important in preventing juvenile delinquency. They also emphasized the importance of having adults present for the students, as well as following the students' absence and study results.Studien är en kvalitativ studie där jag undersökt hur en utvald kommuns skolor i södra Sverige och ett områdes skolor på en finländsk ö arbetar preventiv mot ungdomsbrottsligheten. Jag kommer genom hela studien benämna det som område för att underlätta läsningen. I studien ingår endast högstadie- och gymnasieskolor. Det empiriska materialet till studien är insamlat genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex rektorer och en socialpedagog. Resultaten visar på stora skillnader i hur skolorna ser på ungdomsbrottslighet samt vad skolorna infört för åtgärder och vad de skulle vilja utveckla. De utvalda svenska högstadieskolorna har ett program som ska påverka ungdomarna att inte begå brottsliga handlingar, medan de utvalda finska skolornas fokus ligger kring ett antimobbningsprogram. Däremot ansåg alla intervjupersoner att ett samarbete med andra aktörer är viktig för att förebygga ungdomsbrottslighet. De påtalade även vikten av att det finns närvarande vuxna som finns för eleverna, samt att följa elevernas frånvaro och studieresultat.
36
Lindquist, Johanna, and Mattisson Evelina Björkbring. "Brottsförebyggande arbete : En kvalitativ studie om socialsekreterares förebyggande arbete med unga i kriminalitet och deras vårdnadshavare." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100250.
Full textAbstract:
Recently there has been an increase of reports of concern to the Swedish social services regarding juvenile delinquency. Early interventions for these juveniles can contribute to a reduced risk of more serious problems in the future. The purpose of this study was to examine the preventive work within the social services and how social workers perceive enabling and limiting factors in the preventive social work with juvenile delinquency. The study is based on seven interviews with social workers from four Swedish municipalities. The results of our study showed that the social workers perceived their role in prevention work differently. It also showed that the characteristics and approaches that the social workers emphasized as the most important to create trust varied among them. More factors were perceived as limiting rather than enabling. Many of the limiting factors were beyond the control of the social workers, such as the municipality’s budget or deficient cooperation with other authorities (for example the police). This study has contributed to more knowledge about preventive work from the perspective of professionals.
37
Mhango, Mabatho Evelyn. "Guidelines for integrated social work practice in the empowernment of abused women : A case study in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/819.
Full text
38
Cupido, Miltoinette Antonia. "An analysis of the implementation of a diversion programme for juvenile offenders." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49832.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the implementation of, as well as identifying problem areas associated with the YES-programme offered by NICRO. This specific programme was chosen because most of the young offenders referred to NICRO complete this programme. Young offenders are referred to the programme by the magistrates' court. These are youth that have been arrested for petty crimes such as shoplifting, damage to property and possession of drugs. This programme is also aimed at first time offenders but it became evident throughout the study that these youths might have been arrested once but seems to have been involved in crime at some level prior to being arrested. Youth between the ages of thirteen and eighteen years are accepted into the programme, with exceptions sometimes made for nineteen year olds who are still attending school. Participation in the programme is strictly voluntary, but there must be an admission of guilt on the part of the youth before he/she will be considered for this kind of diversionary alternative. The programme attempts to involve both parent and child in the process of learning and therefore parents are required to attend the first and last sessions with their children. Sessions attended by parents. focus on the improving relationships and communication between parent and child. The programme is viewed as an alternative sanction, and will enable youth to be punished for their crimes whilst at the same time learning new skills, and most importantly, not gaining a criminal record. The programme stretches over eight weeks with weekly sessions that focus on self-concept, decision-making, children's rights and respecting both themselves and those around them. The researcher formed part of the process through both facilitating sessions as well as observing sessions. For these reasons the research methodology focussed primarily on participant observation and interviews.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op die proses van implementering en die identifisering van probleemareas binne die YES-program wat deur NICRO aangebied word. Die YES-program was spesifiek gekies omdat meeste van die jeugdiges wat na NICRO verwys word hierdie program voltooi. Jeugdiges word deur die hof verwys na die program wat dien as 'n afwentelingsprogram. Hierdie jeugdiges word meestal gearresteer vir geringe misdade soos winkeldiefstal, beskadiging van eiendom, en die besit van dwelms. Die jeugdiges word ook aanbeveel vir die program omdat dit hulle eerste arrestasie is, maar tydens die studie word dit duidelik dat alhoewel dit die eerste keer is dat die jeugdiges gearresteer word, dit nie hul eerste oortreding is me. Die program word beskou as 'n alternatiewe sanksie, en dit poog om die jeugdige te straf vir sy/haar daad maar ook terselfdetyd nuwe vaardighede aan te leer, en meer belangrik te voorkom dat die jeugdige 'n kriminele rekord kry. Die program strek oor agt weeklike sessies wat fokus op self-konsep, besluitneming, kinderregte en respek. Jeugdiges tussen die ouderdom van dertien en agtienjaar word verwys na die program, maar uitsonderings word ook soms gemaak vir jeugdiges van neëntienjarige ouderdom mits hulle nog skool bywoon. Die program poog om beide ouer en kind te betrek in die proses, en dus word ouers verplig om die eerste en laaste sessies saam met die jeugdiges by te woon. Die sessies wat deur die ouers bygewoon word fokus veralop die verbetering van verhoudings en kommunikasie tussen ouer en kind. Deelname aan die program is vrywillig maar die jeugdige moet skuldig pleit voordat hy/sy inaggeneem kan word vir die afwentelingsprogram. Die navorser het deel van die proses uitgemaak deur beide programme waar te neem sowel as programme te fasiliteer. Die navorsingsmetode wat dus benut was, was deelnemende waarneming sowel as onderhoudvoering.
39
Schiffer, Ian S. "Lived Legal Expertise: Mobilizing the Political Agency of Incarcerated Youth." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/183.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes how caring relationships and an emancipatory approach to law related education (LRE) within juvenile justice facilities can cultivate political agency. I focused specifically on Camp Afflerbaugh-Paige, an LA County juvenile probation facility, in La Verne, CA, as a case study. During three months of teaching a law related education class and embedding myself at the facility with an asset-based framework, I encountered a wealth of knowledge that incarcerated juveniles possess, not from formal education or research, but based in their own lived experiences. Los Angeles County Probation spends $233,000 per student per year; assuming best intentions of those in charge and the actors, the students, with a wide array of expertise, should be thriving within these institutions and set up for success upon their release. Unfortunately, though, students’ academic, entrepreneurial, and legal expertise are criminalized rather than cultivated by the juvenile justice system. Through a policy class, the students created reforms to address the challenges of a paramilitary camp that neglects students’ emotional, physical, and mental health. The challenges in the environment complicate the political agency of students within the camp and post-release. I am making the claim that the political agency of the students is visible and the assets are tangibly cultivated by an emancipatory pedagogy, ethic of care, and the law related education curriculum.
40
Miller, Molly A. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Community-Based Youth Non-Profit Organization at Increasing Prosocial Behavior and Decreasing Antisocial Behavior among Young Boys: A Pilot Study." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2700.
Full textAbstract:
Community-based youth non-profit organizations (NPOs) have become increasingly popular for the provision of youth prevention and intervention services, yet many youth NPOs lack the resources to undergo formal evaluation. Further, most existing program evaluations do not consider individual characteristics of the child or the child’s exposure to stressors. The current pilot study sought to evaluate the extent to which boys participated in 1:1 mentoring and other program activities at the Son of a Saint (SOAS) NPO, an organization seeking to provide positive male role models for fatherless young boys. In addition, the current study examined the effects of program involvement on both prosocial (i.e., academic performance) and antisocial (i.e., aggression and delinquency) outcomes, as well as the moderating role of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and exposure to trauma/stressors on study outcomes. Data were collected from mothers (N = 37) and boys (N = 27) at the first assessment point, and from mothers (N = 21) one year later. Results of bivariate correlational and regression analyses at T1 indicated that boys who have been part of SOAS for shorter durations had higher levels of participation overall, and that behavioral/academic problems were associated with more program participation. Results at T2 indicated that participation in a greater variety of activities was related to lower levels of antisocial behavior. No significant interactions were detected for either CU traits or trauma exposure in the current sample. Implications of findings are discussed with regard to future program evaluation at SOAS. Detailed recommendations for overcoming the study limitations, particularly regarding the small sample size, are provided.
41
Björing, Gunnar. "Minskar stöket i utsatta områden omhyresgästerna bor kvar längre?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38260.
Full textAbstract:
Hallunda/Norsborg is considered to be an unsafe residential area. Most likely, young people cause adisproportionate high amount of the portion of the insecurity that is related to crime. Therefore it is hereassumed that the insecurity would decrease more with time if society succeeded in motivating more ofthe tenants stay until old age, compared to other possible measures that society can do to improve thesituation. Because the amount of teenager would decline, since we only have teenage children during aperiod of our lives.In this study, longitudinal data regarding the turnover of lease contracts and a number of other factors,have been collected and compared with data regarding the amount of reported crimes committed in thearea.The results show that, measured in the turnover of lease contracts, the tenants stay longer. But despitethis, the amount teenagers and reported crimes has not diminished. However, data from the court forrental issues indicates that the illegal second hand rental of the apartment has increased during theperiod. Thus the conclusion is that the assumption can neither be rejected nor substantiated. Moreoverthe socio-economic status of the residents and the number of police in the area has increased. But thepupils' performance in elementary school has not improved.Hallunda/Norsborg anses vara ett otryggt bostadsområde. Sannolikt orsakar ungdomar oproportionelltmycket av den del av otryggheten som är relaterad till brott. Om så verkligen är fallet antas här attotryggheten skulle minska mer med tiden om samhället lyckades motivera fler av hyresgästerna till attbo kvar till ålderdomen, jämfört med andra möjliga åtgärder som samhället kan göra för att förbättrasituationen. Eftersom ungdomarna i så fall skulle bli färre, då vi bara har tonårsbarn under en period avvåra liv.I denna studie har data mellan år 2000-2018 rörande ut-/inflyttningen samt ett antal andra faktorer pågruppnivå, som kan ha betydelse för ungdomarnas benägenhet att begå brott studerats och jämförts meddata för antalet brott begångna i området.Resultaten visar att, mätt i omsättningen av hyreskontrakt, bor hyresgästerna kvar längre. Men trots dethar varken antalet ungdomar eller mängden brott minskat. Data från hyresnämnden tyder dock på att denolovliga andra hands uthyrningen av bostäderna har ökat under perioden. Slutsatsen av jämförelsen äratt antagandet varken kan förkastas eller beläggas. Vidare har den socioekonomiska statusen för deboende och antalet poliser i området ökat. Däremot har elevernas prestationer i grundskolan inteförbättrats.
42
Redfering, Kristie Jo. "Teacher Perceptions of Violence Prevention Approaches and Self-Efficacy: Where Do We Go from Here?" NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/29.
Full textAbstract:
This research project explored teachers’ beliefs of violence prevention approaches and self-efficacy. Relevant research indicates the value of violence prevention and conflict resolution education as well as the importance of teacher support of such programs. Theories of decision-making and self-efficacy provide the foundation for the variables that were examined through use of a survey instrument developed by Dr. K. King and Dr. T. Kandakai. Participants were sampled from two Florida school districts. Independent variables included teacher background and experience indicators including demographics and teaching/training experience. Dependent variables were comprised of multiple indicators of outcome value, efficacy expectation, and outcome expectation. MANOVAs and ANOVAs were utilized to identify relationships between the independent and dependent variables. Among the statistically significant findings a theme emerged: training history including variety of training, specific topics, and the interaction effects of combinations of training impacted perceptions of self-efficacy and outcome expectation more significantly than other demographic and background characteristics. The results suggest that the provision of a variety of training for teachers may benefit violence prevention practice by increasing perceptions of efficacy which may lead to an increase in consistent and effective utilization of various conflict resolution education programs and strategies.
43
Гричанюк, М. В., and M. V. Hrychaniuk. "Механізм протидії злочинності неповнолітніх : дисертація." Thesis, Харків, 2018. http://dspace.univd.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/9145.
Full textAbstract:
Гричанюк, М. В. Механізм протидії злочинності неповнолітніх : дис. ... канд. юрид. наук (д-ра філософії) : 12.00.08 / Марина Володимирівна Гричанюк; МВС України, Харк. нац. ун-т внутр. справ. - Харків, 2018. - 245 с.Дисертація є одним із перших комплексних кримінологічних досліджень механізму протидії злочинності неповнолітніх, у ході якого здійснено теоретичне узагальнення та надано практичне бачення особливостей і закономірностей його функціонування, а також сформульовано низку концептуальних висновків, пропозицій та рекомендацій, спрямованих на досягнення мети дисертаційного дослідження. Запропоновано авторський погляд на концепцію механізму протидії злочинності неповнолітніх, яка охоплює не лише його складники та базові характеристики, а й ідеологію, онтологічні основи та найважливіші умови побудови й функціонування такого механізму. Окрім цього, наведено та обґрунтовано аргументи щодо позиції про динамічність, функціональність і комплексність механізму протидії злочинності неповнолітніх та взаємозумовленість цих характеристик.
The dissertation is a comprehensive criminological research of the mechanism of counteracting juvenile delinquency, in the course of which the author has carried out theoretical generalization and has provided a practical vision of its features and regularities, has formulated a number of conceptual conclusions, propositions and recommendations aimed at achieving the objective of the dissertation research. The concept of the mechanism of counteracting juvenile delinquency covers not only its components and basic characteristics, but also the ideology, ontological foundations and the most important conditions for the construction and functioning of such a mechanism. Besides, provided arguments are grounded on the position on the dynamics, functionality and complexity of the mechanism of counteracting juvenile delinquency and the interdependence of these characteristics. On the basis of the mentioned above the author has stated that the increase of the effectiveness of functioning of socio-legal mechanism of counteracting juvenile delinquency is a pressing and urgent problem of society, the solution of which is in various interconnected areas: socio-political, socio-economic, ideological, moral and psychological and others. Its solution will allow to control the development of the criminal situation associated with juvenile delinquency, to create objective grounds for a successful counteraction, to eliminate and to neutralize the causes and conditions that give rise to it.
Диссертация является одним из первых комплексных криминологических исследований механизма противодействия преступности несовершеннолетних, в процессе которого осуществлено теоретическое обобщение и предоставлено практическое видение особенностей и закономерностей его функционирования, а также сформулирован ряд концептуальных выводов, предложений и рекомендаций, направленных на достижение цели диссертационного исследования.
44
Benbouzid, Bilel. "La prévention situationnelle : genèse et développement d’une science pratique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20057/document.
Full textAbstract:
La prévention situationnelle représente aujourd’hui dans de nombreux pays un secteur de recherche stratégique de la lutte contre le crime. Apparue au milieu des années 1970 au sein du laboratoire de recherche du ministère de l’intérieur britannique, cette nouvelle spécialité a pris la forme d’une ingénierie dont l’objectif est de développer des solutions techniques empêchant le passage à l'acte des délinquants, par une intervention sur les situations particulières lors desquelles des délits semblables sont commis ou pourraient l'être (cambriolage, vol de véhicule, vandalisme, etc.). Ce que l’on appelle désormais la « science du crime » se fonde sur l’assemblage d’une pluralité de savoirs pratiques, évolue entre des laboratoires de recherche et des secteurs professionnels variés (police, urbanistes, etc.), s’appuie sur des modalités d’administration de la preuve qui passent par la déduction mathématique (modélisation statistique) et intègre ses inventions théoriques dans des innovations sociotechniques (des dispositifs de prévention et de réduction des risques). Cette thèse retrace le développement de la prévention situationnelle en se déplaçant dans l’espace et le temps afin d’atteindre les lieux de sa fabrication et de rentrer dans l’intimité des controverses à travers lesquelles elle prend forme. En décrivant cette science du crime en train de se faire - des laboratoires gouvernementaux jusqu’à sa standardisation technique dans les instances de normalisation européenne, en passant par les politiques de recherche et le travail d’instrumentation - nous rendons visibles toutes les entités (théories, chercheurs, gouvernement, instruments, catégories statistiques, modèles de risque, délinquants, victimes, normes techniques, etc.) auxquelles la prévention situationnelle s’attache et se détache. Nous montrons ainsi que les liens concrets tissés entre les chercheurs et leurs différents alliés vont bien au-delà des relations entre les personnes. Ils vont jusqu’à toucher le contenu même de la prévention situationnelle. Au final, il s’agit de représenter la prévention situationnelle sous la forme d’un collectif assumant sa responsabilité politiqueIn many countries today, situational crime prevention is a strategic research sector in the battle against crime. Originating within the Home Office Research Unit in the UK during the mid 1970s, this ‘new technology’ has the purpose of developing crime prevention solutions by intervening in situations where crime commonly occurs. What has now come to be called “crime science” is based on an array of practical knowledge, evolves between research laboratories and various professional sectors (police, town planning, etc.), uses evidence-based research, and implements its theoretical discoveries in socio-technical innovations (prevention and risk reduction systems). This thesis retraces the development of situational crime prevention technology to have a closer look at the controversies from which it takes its shape. By describing this crime science-in-the-making, from state laboratories and international policy transfers, from research studies and instrumentation, we reveal all the entities (researchers, government, theories, instruments, statistical classes, risk models, offenders, victims, technical standards, etc.) to which situational crime prevention has become tied, and untied. Thus, we demonstrate that concrete links weaved between researchers and their different allies go far beyond personal relationships, touching the very core of the technology. As such, situational crime prevention is constituted as a collective, political entity
45
Benali, Karima. "Erfarenheter av kollektiv självförmåga och upplevelser av unga mäns våldsutövning i Fittja : En studie om lokalsamhällets brottsförebyggande roll." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44933.
Full textAbstract:
Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken betydelse social påverkan upplevs ha i förebyggande av avvikande beteende och våldsutövning samt att diskutera hur Fittjabors förhållningssätt till och erfarenheter av preventiv vuxenroll och kollektiv självförmåga under perioden 1971–2020 kan förstås teoretiskt. Teori och metod: Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av teorin om kollektiv självförmåga med fokus på social påverkan och teorin om sociala band med fokus på vardagsanknytning. Datainsamlingsmetoden utgörs av semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer med tio vuxna Fittjabor. Resultat och analys: Informanterna redogör för upplevda svårigheter men även för vikten av att utöva social påverkan vid förekomsten av avvikande och kriminella beteenden hos unga män i Fittja. De anser att vuxna lokalbor bör ha en grundläggande preventiv roll i förhållande till unga män i området. För att social påverkan ska kunna fungera brottspreventivt krävs enligt informanternas upplevelser att relationer mellan Fittjaborna stärks, att boende och verksamma aktörer i Fittja samverkar, att vuxna (både lokalbor och aktörer) bygger relationer till unga män i området samt att preventiva insatser sätts in tidigt. Vuxna Fittjabor har av informanterna med åren upplevts utöva allt mindre social påverkan och särskilt undvikit subgrupper av unga män, det vill säga unga män med tydlig koppling till en kriminell livsstil. Detta har i analysen diskuterats som en eventuell delförklaring till varför unga mäns beteenden under 2010-talet och 2020 upplevs ha nått en nivå som är svår att reglera med social påverkan. Analysen har vidare framhållit att social påverkan är ett beteende som vuxna lokalbor behöver träna sig själva i att utöva och unga män tränas i att motta, men även att det behöver utövas kontinuerligt och riktas mot samtliga unga män för att förebygga bildandet av subgrupper som frikopplar sig från den konforma samhällsordningen och lokalbefolkningens påverkan.Aim: This study aims to investigate the perceived significance of social influence in deviant behavior and community violence prevention and to discuss how Fittja resident’s perceptions of preventive adult roles and collective efficacy during 1971–2020 can be understood theoretically. Theory and method: The theoretical framework consist of collective efficacy theory, focusing on social influence and social bonds theory, focusing on everyday attachment. Data was collected by using semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten adult Fittja residents. Results and analysis: The informants report on perceived difficulties but also on the importance of exercising social influence towards young men with deviant and criminal behavior in Fittja. They believe that local adults should have a basic preventive role in relation to young men in the area. According to the informants, certain measurements need to be taken to obtain crime prevention effects from social influence: a) relations between Fittja residents need to be strengthened, b) collaboration between residents and local actors in Fittja needs to be established, c) adults (both residents and local actors) need to build relationships with young men in the area and d) preventive measures need to be taken early. Adult residents have according to the informants over the years been perceived to exert less and less social influence and especially avoid subgroups of young men, meaning young men with a clear connection to a criminal lifestyle. The analysis shows that this could be a possible partial explanation for why young men’s behavior during the 2010s and 2020 is perceived to have reached a level that is difficult to regulate with social influence. The analysis argues that social influence is a behavior that adult residents need to train themselves in exercising and young men trained in receiving, but also that social influence needs to be exercised continuously and directed at all young men to prevent the formation of subgroups that disconnect from conformity and the influence of the local population.
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Denna studie undersöker vilken betydelse social påverkan upplevs ha inom lokalsamhällen. Studien lyfter frågan huruvida boende i Fittja har reagerat på inkorrekta och kriminella beteenden hos unga män i området och om upplevs kunna vara en metod för förebyggande av avvikande och mindre kriminella beteenden samt på längre sikt våldsutövning i form av skjutvapenvåld. Tio vuxna Fittjabor har intervjuats om synen på sin egen roll i förebyggande av ungdomskriminalitet i området samt om upplevelser av hur de och andra Fittjabor har utövat social påverkan under perioden 1971–2020. Studien utgår från de teoretiska perspektiven social påverkan och vardagsanknytning som hämtats och modifierats ur teorin om kollektiv självförmåga och teorin om sociala band. De teoretiska perspektiven har integrerats med grund i idén om att när vuxna i lokalsamhällen har en god relation och dialog med unga män i området, så underlättas möjligheten att tillrättavisa dem om de skulle uppföra sig på ett avvikande eller mindre kriminellt sätt. Den framåtblickande idén med perspektiven ifråga är att kontinuerlig dialogföring, relationsbyggande och tillrättavisning av unga män bryter inkorrekta och kriminella beteenden i ett tidigt skede och förebygger att beteendena utvecklas till grövre sådana, såsom exempelvis våldsbrott. Resultatet och analysen visar att informanterna tycker att det är svårt att utöva social påverkan mot unga män som beter sig inkorrekt och kriminellt, men ändå anser att det är viktigt att göra det samt att vuxna har en viktig roll i denna fråga. De har även en upplevelse av att vuxna lokalbor behöver bygga relationer med varandra och med unga män samt samarbeta med olika aktörer i Fittja för att kunna förebygga ungdomsbrottslighet. Framförallt anser de att detta behöver göras medan unga män fortfarande är pojkar. Vuxna lokalbor i Fittja upplevs enligt informanterna ha utövat allt mindre social påverkan genom åren och särskilt undvikit unga män med lite stökigare och kriminella beteenden jämfört med mer skötsamma unga män från området. I analysen diskuteras det att detta skulle kunna vara en delförklaring till den upplevda förvärringen av unga mäns beteenden under 2010-talet och år 2020 och varför social påverkan under dessa senare tider flera gånger inte upplevs ha en inverkan på deras beteenden. Analysen påvisar att social påverkan är ett beteende som vuxna lokalbor behöver träna sig själva i att utöva och unga män tränas i att motta. Det konstateras vidare att social påverkan behöver utövas kontinuerligt och riktas mot samtliga unga män för att inte tillåta bildandet av mindre grupper av unga män som lever en kriminell livsstil och som lokalbefolkningen sedan inte kan hantera.
46
Kassem, Leigh. "The Effects of Employment on Recidivism Among Delinquent Juveniles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3302.
Full textAbstract:
Current research indicates an association between intense adolescent work (twenty hours or more per week) and delinquent behavior. It has been widely speculated that this relationship is spurious, occurring only as a result of other factors which are common to both offending and intense employment. The current study attempts to fill a gap in the literature by utilizing the Pathways to Desistance dataset to examine the evolution of the relationship between work and self-reported offending in a longitudinal sample of juvenile offenders. Work intensity and consistency, social capital, and expectations for success were analyzed as potential predictors of recidivism or desistance as juvenile offenders mature into adulthood. Variations in the significance of these variables throughout the first seven waves of data collection were examined from the life course perspective. Results provide support for the theory of age graded social control and suggest that high risk youth self-select into intensive work roles as adolescents. No statistically significant differences in lifetime offending were found between respondents across varying levels of work intensity.
47
Boal, Ashley Lynn. "Batterer Intervention Programs' Response to State Standards." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1504.
Full textAbstract:
The study of policy implementation has recently garnered research and federal attention highlighting the importance of implementation in achieving desired policy and program outcomes (Durlak & DuPre, 2008; Meyers, Durlak & Wandersman, 2012; National Institutes of Health, 2013). Psychology is one discipline that is well poised to guide the study of policy implementation as it can inform the creation, development, and outcomes associated with the introduction of a policy (Esses & Dovidio, 2011; Fischhoff, 1990). Given that batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have been developed to prevent future intimate partner violence (IPV) and improve victim safety, ensuring these programs have successfully implemented state standards for practice is immensely important. Despite the widespread use of state standards to guide BIP practices (Maiuro & Eberle, 2008), only one study (Boal, 2010) has assessed the extent to which BIPs comply with standards and no research has evaluated program responses to standards or the process by which implementation occurs. Given this, the current study focused on four areas of inquiry: (1) program compliance with state standards; (2) current and former BIP representatives' response to standards, including the social psychological constructs of actual control, perceived control, retrospective accounts of attitude change, absoluteness, and legitimacy; (3) program compliance as it relates to these responses; and (4) the process of implementing standards. In order to address these topics, key program representatives were assessed using a sequential mixed-methods design, which consisted of a preliminary quantitative phase (i.e., Phase One) (n = 35, response rate = 74%) and principal qualitative phase (i.e., Phase Two) (current providers: n = 13, response rate = 87%; former providers: n = 5, response rate = 100%) (Morgan, 1998). Findings from Phase One indicate that programs complied with 75% of the assessed components of standards. Phase Two findings suggest that participants primarily voiced experiences with the standards consistent with a lack of actual control, perceived control, and legitimacy. Contrary to hypotheses a statistically reliable difference in actual control, perceived control, and legitimacy were not detected across high and low compliance participants. Participants retrospectively described responses to the standards consistent with changing and maintaining negative attitudes towards the standards (31% and 31% respectively) and as hypothesized, those who shifted negative initial attitudes to be positive (i.e., a proxy for rationalization) were primarily from high compliance programs (75%) and those who maintained negative attitudes (i.e., a proxy for reactance) were all from low compliance programs (100%). While participants generally perceived the standards as primarily absolute, this construct did not differentiate those who changed and maintained negative attitudes as predicted. Participants' utilized diverse strategies to implement the standards and have changed or attempted to change many program characteristics to better comply with state standards. Participants have experienced diverse enablers to compliance (e.g., positive community collaborations; participation in the research process) and barriers to compliance (e.g., negative or lack of community collaborations; challenges understanding the standards) while attempting to implement standards. Suggestions to better facilitate compliance aligned with the enablers and barriers and centered on the need for positive information-sharing relationships among providers. Finally, former providers tended to disagree that the standards were the primary reason for program closure. Together, these findings provide valuable insight into the manifestation of common social psychological constructs during the policy implementation process, as well as information regarding the logistics of implementation. The information gathered in this study can be applied to better understand the role of actual control, perceived control, retrospective accounts of attitude change, absoluteness, and legitimacy, as they are experienced in the real world in relation to an actual policy. This extends the study of these constructs out of a laboratory and experimental context and suggests aspects of these constructs that may be relevant in applied settings. Further, data regarding the policy implementation process is useful to inform policymakers about the diverse steps that can be taken to assist implementation efforts and increase compliance.
48
SHENG, YOU WEN, and 游文勝. "A Study on Crime Prevention Effectiveness of Juvenile Brigade of Miaoli County Police Bureau." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37257106067082448864.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
96
Due to the change of social structure , juvenile delinquency has become worse & worse. To prevent it, National Police Administration help every county’s police station to set up squad for Juvenile Brigade. However , due to the lack of appropriative human resource , budget & regulative system , the effect is very limited . This research’s purpose is to provide an effective designed regulations, through the analysis of crime prevention effectiveness by Miaoli County 's Police Squad for Juvenile Brigade. Then to implement an practical strategy to decrease juvenile brigade . This research use depth interview method , focus on the following topics : campus security, crime prevention, protection and guidance, visiting the teenagers who are under watch ..etc , to interview with 12 sampling junior schools’ counselors and high schools’ military instructors , who often contact & co-work with the team members of Miaoli County 's Police Squad for Juvenile Brigade on patrols duty. The research conclusion is as below : 1.Most sampling people are satisfied with the work by Miaoli County 's Police Squad for Juvenile Delinquency, but do not quite understand their duty content . 2.Campus security indeed improved & become better. Crime prevention guidance needs to be enhanced & improved. 3.Protection & guidance needs to be more practical . 4.Visiting teenagers who are under watch , should co-ordinate with school in advance. The interview people’s expectations for Squad for Juvenile Brigade are as below : 1.To have a clear & definite target , provide an appropriate project . 2.Add human resource , to execute duty more effectively 3.Emphasis on crime prevention , decrease disruptive behavior of teenagers. 4.Coordinate with schools , set up the protection networks for teenagers. 5.Enhance the profession education , bring caring & patience into the work . This research’s suggested future organization & job designed for Juvenile Brigade Miaoli County Police Bureau are as below : 1.Clear Organization target & project farm-out. 2.Adjust missions , from execution to combination. 3.Aggressive & actively to enhance campus security. 4.Enhance horizontal connections , executive crime prevention effectively
49
Hlungwani, Freddy. "An assessment of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25529.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk (YCPD) programme in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster in Gauteng. Since the Social Crime Prevention Strategy was introduced in the South African Police Service (SAPS), no study has been conducted in the organisation to assess whether this strategy has yielded the expected results in line with its objectives.
Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews as well as focus group interviews with Community Policing Forum (CPF) members, YCPD programme community volunteers, SAPS social crime prevention coordinators, Department of Community Safety (DoCS) social crime prevention coordinators and a station commander in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster. These participants are closely involved with the YCPD programme and freely expressed their views, understanding, knowledge and beliefs in relation to the implementation and associated activities of the YCPD programme. In addition, the researcher conducted a comprehensive literature study of the national legislation, SAPS policies and directives that oversee and promote social crime prevention in South Africa, as well as library resources and international studies.
Various objectives were fulfilled in the execution of this study:
It was determined that social crime prevention guidelines are not complied with regarding the implementation of the YCPD.
It was determined that the YCPD is not achieving its proposed aims and objectives.
In addition, this study and its results provide a framework for mitigating the challenges encountered during the implementation of strategies for improving the establishment of the YCPD in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster.
The findings of the research indicate that the YCPD programme has not been effectively implemented within the Ekurhuleni North Cluster, since it became evident that the YCPD role-players are confronted by various challenges, which impede the proper implementation of the programme.
Based on the findings of this study, a Youth Crime Prevention Desk Implementation Framework was developed. This framework could serve as a guideline advising the South African Police Service, Department of Community Safety, Community Policing Forums and Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme’s community volunteers in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster how the implementation of the programme could be improved. This framework could also contribute towards further identifying best practices with a view to benchmarking such a framework in other areas in South Africa. This study makes a significant contribution to the improvement of the implementation of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster and to youth social crime and violence in general.Police Practice
D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)
50
Fan, Chen-Chia, and 范振家. "Prevention Juvenile dangerous driving(racing) Research Policy in Kaohsiung." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36845481166881022313.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
公共政策與管理學系
103
For a long time, the layout of the news media, youth Kaohsiung dangerous driving (racing) reported rampant, has become a major stumbling block to the municipal public satisfaction and security caused worries on. In 2010 and the end of 2014 has accepted three Kaohsiung mayoral candidate Yahoo! Xtra site visit, also have admitted that this is a problem of law and order in Kaohsiung and made racing-related prevention and control policy prescriptions, Yang Chiu-hsing consider the provision of shore in Gaoping racing lanes; KMT HuangZhaoShun to sprinkle beans in drag racing track, "rather motorcycle gangs injured, do not take the melon knives to injure after racing"; DPP incumbent Chen Chu advocated banning parallel with persuasion, fueled heated discussions. Kaohsiung mayoral candidate in addition to three teenagers racing respond Prevention Plan, other online answer also include "how to improve the efficiency KMRT, "how to increase employment opportunities in Kaohsiung," and other issues to discuss, among the most enthusiastic young people that is how dangerous Prevention driving (drag racing) issues. Even though the force of law enforcement but police repression, teen drag racing behavior is still difficult to eradicate, because of its education, family, social, economic and other multi-level factors, the need to integrate all forces joint prevention and control, in order to prevent effective racing unhealthy trend. In recent years, "fast car" way to use technology Communications, has assembled fast and high flows of the properties, often late-night time crowds thin police driving competition, after news media reports, causing people to government law enforcement concerns and produce security negative impact. Police role has the function of maintaining social order, which banned curb dangerous driving behavior is the Department of Juvenile police an important part of the exercise of authority. Prevention Teenagers dangerous driving policy (racing) project of execution, basically adopted a "top-down" execution model that emphasized policy makers decide policy objectives and guiding action advantageous position, because the take from the top under execution mode, and more generally focus on capacity superiors of goal setting and planning of the program, while ignoring the motivation the end of the first line of enforcement personnel, will and work values, while underestimating the first line executives attempt to influence the strength of policy objectives, namely neglect policy implementers counterproductive effect (counterproductive effect)? While at the same time emphasizing the laws and regulations, the independent discretion of the space between the first line executives for their knowledge, attitudes will not produce "have policies, under the measures" scenario? This article ponder this mode, the test at an angle of policy implementation, and hope through the qualitative analysis of the implementation of policy approaches constructed theory, as the study of this method, and the police in Kaohsiung, for example, the police reviewed and evaluated Prevention Youth Policy drag racing. Kaohsiung Prevention for Adolescents dangerous driving (racing) recommendations, to serve in the prevention and control adolescent provides Kaohsiung dangerous driving (racing) of the various policies, the use of policy tools selection consideration, to find the best policy implementation tool.