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1
Sheheli, S., and B. Roy. "Constraints and opportunities of raw jute production: a household level analysis in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 25 (July 7, 2015): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v25i0.24070.
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The study was conducted to investigate the existing status and practices of jute cultivation. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed by using a structured interview schedule from two villages (Damor and Nathpara) of Kishoregonj sadar upazila of Kishoregonj district at their houses and/or farm sites during April to June 2014. The study confirmed that most farmers have improved their socio-economic conditions through jute cultivation. The impact analysis of jute cultivation on livelihood of jute farmers shows that overall 61% jute farmers have increased overall livelihood from jute cultivation during the last four years (2011-2014). Deshi variety of jute has been widely grown across the region due to its wider adaptability and quality fiber. Jute area has been increased and some rice field has been replaced by jute due to its high demand in country. In addition, farmers are motivated to cultivate jute. But study revealed that productivity ranged from 750 kg to 1022 kg per hectare that are lower than other jute growing areas of Bangladesh. Average cost of production of fiber was estimated at Tk 15/kg. The study indicates that the maximum production cost has involved in fiber extraction (20%) and weeding (20%). The study also revealed that lack of quality seed, high cost of jute production, lack of training facilities, inadequate credit facilities, high disease infestation, high price of inputs, unstable jute price, shortage of labor at peak period, lack of retting water and weed problem were the main constraints in jute production and processing. For the sustain of jute cultivation in the study area, it would be better to provide subsidies on seeds and fertilizer to jute farmers thereby profit margin becomes high and will encourage growers in producing more raw jute within the country for the fulfillment of raw jute requirement of local jute industries. Cost effective technologies have to be developed in jute production and processing aspects for lowering the production cost and increasing the profit margin.Progress. Agric. 2014. 25: 38-46
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Islam, Syidul, Sharmin Sultana, Md Ashraful Islam, Sabina Yasmin, Md Ruhul Amin, Md Sirazul Islam, and Razia Khatun. "Comparative Profitability of Napier Fodder with Competitive Cash Crops in Selected Areas of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research 24, no. 6 (April 30, 2024): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i6510.
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The research was carried out to investigate the scenario of the fodder-cultivated farmer along with the profitability of Napier fodder cultivation in comparison to main cash crops like rice, jute and onions and the challenges in fodder cultivation. This study was done by collecting primary data through a baseline survey from 60 livestock cum fodder cultivating farmers by random sampling techniques. This study was mainly done in Shahjadpur, Sirajganj and Santhia, Pabna from June 2022- July 2022. Data were entered, sorted, compiled, and analyzed by using a Microsoft Excel worksheet. Descriptive statistics were performed to test the differences among the variables of fodder, rice, jute, and onion production by using SPSS Software, IBM-25 Corporation. The results of this study shows that the average age range of farmers was 41.68% between the ages of 41 and 60, whereas 38.33% of farmers were between 20 and 40 years ages. In the study areas, 75.00% of farmers had minimum primary to graduation or above educational level. Overall 56.67% of farmer’s main occupation was agriculture in the selected areas. Only 25.00% of farmers knew feed processing. The Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) in rice and onion were 1.81 and 1.66 in Shahjadpur and 1.78 and 1.52 in Santhia. In jute and fodder, BCR was 1.34 and 2.11 in Santhia whereas 1.28 and 2.00 in Shahjadpur, respectively. The profitability of fodder was higher than other selected cash crops. The maximum 80.00% of farmers had a lack of training on scientific ways of fodder production. This study concluded that fodder cultivation can play a significant role in more income generation in the studied milk pocket areas in comparison to rice, jute, and onion cultivation because they had a scarcity of fodder and high demand for it.
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Bharadwaj, Prashant, and James Fenske. "Partition, Migration, and Jute Cultivation in India." Journal of Development Studies 48, no. 8 (August 2012): 1084–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2011.579114.
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Rani Debnath, Manika, Md Mahabubul Islam, Md Ayub Khan, Sharmin Akter, and Md Mukul Mia1, Protap Narayan Nandi. "Fertilizer doses for jute cultivation after onion harvest." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v8i1.30400.
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fertilizer dose for jute cultivation at the field after harvesting of onion at Gangabordi and Talma, Faridpur during 2017 with five treatments with different level of Urea, Triple Super Phosphate, Muriate of Potash and Gypsum. The result revealed that the treatment of higher doses of fertilizer gave the statistically significant highest fibre (2.76t/ha) yield whereas treatment of lower doses of fertilizer gave the lowest fibre yield (2.40 t/ha) but the Benefit Cost ratio from different treatment showed statistical non significance. From the view of economic profitability, farmers may use no fertilizer at their field during jute cultivation where previous crop was onion.
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Bidyut Jyoti Kalita and Anjan Bhuyan. "Feasibility of Diversification Strategy for Sustainable Jute Cultivation: A Study in Assam." SMS Journal of Entrepreneurship & Innovation 7, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21844/smsjei.v7i02.6434.
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In the last few decades, use of jute has declined due to wider popularity of polyethylene and other synthetic packaging materials across the world. As a result there has been decline and fluctuations in the demand of raw jute and farmers are the subject of this fluctuation in India. Jute is one of the major cash crops in Assam and the state ranked third in terms of its production. However, presently Jute has become less lucrative crop in the crop portfolio of the farmers of Assam. Due to growing ecological awareness, natural fibers including jute are regaining their importance in the contemporary time. This paper tries to project diversification strategy to ensure economic sustainability of the jute growers in Assam. Constraints of the jute growers are also taken into consideration. The study is based on both primary as well as secondary data. Analysis of growers' constraints and feasibility model are the applied outcome of the paper.
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Suvo, TP, H. Biswas, MH Jewel, MS Islam, and MSI Khan. "Impact of substrate on soilless tomato cultivation." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i2.31710.
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An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of four different media based hydroponics on plant growth, yield and nutritional values at Biochemistry laboratory of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Bangladesh during November 2014 to April 2015. Tomato plants were grown in closed soilless system where Hoagland solution as nutrient solution and jute fiber, cotton (jhut), coconut husk as substrate. Among four types of media, the media composed with Hoagland solution and jute fiber showed good impact on growth and nutritional values than the other three media (media of Hoagland solution with coconut husk, Hoagland solution with cotton and only Hoagland solution. It was revealed that the highest plant height, yield, vitamin C, fruit protein, fat and fiber content of all were related to media combination of jute fiber and Hoagland solution. Among all the verities, the highest plant height (106 cm), yield (5.3 kg plant-1), fruit Vitamin C content (64.54 mg 100 g-1), fruit protein (17.67 %), fat (5.2%) and fiber (7.9%) content was recorded from Patharkuchi tomato variety.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 82-86, December, 2016
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Khalkho, Rekha, Sagar Mondal, Monirul Haque, and S. K. Acharya. "Factors Driving Jute to Maize Shift in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal." Indian Journal of Extension Education 59, no. 4 (2023): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59425.
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Jute is an important crop that contributes a pivotal role in the economy and supports the livelihoods of the farmers of the Northern part of West Bengal. However, farmers in the region are gradually shifting away from traditional jute cultivation to adopting maize as their preference and the study investigated the factors influencing transformation. Responses were collected from 60 farmers of Chopra Block using a structured interview schedule during the peak season of maize cultivation in 2019. Principal Component Analysis was used to extract significant factors explaining the motives behind farmers’ preference for maize over jute crops. The study envisages that the factors including lack of capital, remunerative market price, high labor costs, poor soil quality and inadequate irrigation water, unavailability of improved seed varieties, high input costs, and inadequate market facilities are the key factors for discouragement of cultivation of jute. The government should develop some supportive infrastructure like providing high-quality maize seeds, conducting awareness programs to educate the farmers about the benefits and byproducts of maize, and offering knowledge about export and import markets. Capacity building and extension approaches can aid the transition and foster positive contributions to the agricultural sector of the locality.
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Chatterjee, Devayan. "Impact Assessment of Adoption of Innovative Jute Production Technologies Developed by ICAR-CRIJAF." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/jul_sep/160-164.
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ICAR- Central Research Institute of jute and allied fi bres (CRIJAF) has developed a technology cluster of four diff erent technologies- CRIJAF SONA, CRIJAF Nail Weeder, Multirow seed drill and improved seed variety JRO 204 (Suren). It has promised to increase the productivity of the jute fi bres at the same time reduce the cost of cultivation by cutting off the labour requirements. In this context the villages of 24 Parganas (N) and Nadia districts of West Bengal were selected where the institute has already disseminated its innovative technologies. Two categories of 40 farmers, consisting of adopter and non-adopters, each from the two villages were selected in order to carry out the study in the year 2021. Total 160 respondents were selected as sample. The objective was to determine the impact of the interventions on the fi bre yield, cost of cultivation, income and labour requirement in the jute farming using z-test as well as paired t test. The results revealed that adoption of the innovative jute production technologies have indeed brought positive impact by increasing the fi bre yield and income as well as reduced the labour requirement and cultivation costs
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Ghimire, TB, and NS Thakur. "Constraint and opportunity of raw jute production : A case study of eastern Terai, Nepal." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 3 (October 24, 2013): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9013.
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Area and production of raw jute has decreased, though there is a high demand of raw jute in the country. In order to assess production constraints, a survey was carried out in 2005/06 in Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari districts. The study revealed that unstable or low price of raw jute, unavailability of quality jute seed, limited irrigation water at sowing period, diseases complex (wilt), labor shortage during peak season, weed problem, lack of retting water/retting pond were the main constraints in jute production and processing. The study indicates that the maximum production cost has involved in fiber extraction (16.9%) and weeding (16.33%). Jute productivity ranged from 1788 to 2260 kg per hectare. JRO-524 variety of jute has been widely grown across the region due to its wider adaptability, high yield potential and quality fiber. Jute area has been replaced by sugarcane due to its high yield potential and high profit margin. It is observed that the cost of production of jute is high as compared to other crops in the season. Average cost of production of fiber was estimated to be Rs.1563/quintal. For the promotion of jute cultivation in the eastern Terai, it would be better to provide subsidies on seeds and fertilizer to jute growers as practiced in neighboring countries thereby profit margin becomes high and will encourage growers in producing more raw jute within the country for the fulfillment of raw jute requirement of local jute industries. Cost effective technologies have to be developed in jute production and processing aspects for lowering the production cost and increasing the profit margin. Popular genotypes JRO- 524 which was widely adopted needs to be recommended officially for the general cultivation in this region. Being an eco-friendly crop, promotion is required to adapt climate change effect and maintaining the soil properties in jute growing areas. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 117-122 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9013
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Afroz, Sadia, and M. Serajul Islam. "Economics of Aus Rice (Oryza sativa) and Jute (Corchorus olitorius) Cultivation in Some Selected Areas of Narsingdi District of Bangladesh." Agriculturists 10, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13145.
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The present study was conducted to estimate the relative profitability of growing aus rice and jute and to determine the resource use efficiency in the production of these crops in three selected village of Raipura upazila in Narsingdi. A total of 60 farmers were interviewed to collect primary data of which 30 farmers were produced aus rice and another 30 farmers were produced jute. Total costs for producing jute and aus rice were Tk 50254 and 44970 per hectare, respectively. The equivalent gross returns were Tk 83717 and Tk 55762, respectively. Accordingly, net return for jute was Tk 33463, which was about 3 times higher than that for aus rice (Tk. 10792/hectare). Moreover, BCR of producing jute was about 30% higher (1.7) than that of aus rice (1.3). Cobb-Douglas production function was used to estimate specific effects of individual inputs on production of jute and aus rice. Resource use efficiency analysis showed that neither jute nor aus rice farmers was efficient enough to use various inputs. Therefore, it seems that efficient and judicious use of various resources would enable both jute and aus rice farmers to earn more profit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13145 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 90-97
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练, 冬梅. "Technique of Cultivation and Processing on Pasture-Planting in Vegetable-Jute." Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 09 (2021): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjas.2021.119115.
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Chatterjee, Devayan. "Perceived Attributes of CRIJAF Multi-Row Seed Drill for Line Sowing of Jute in West Bengal." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 5 (December 1, 2022): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/dec_spl/256-260.
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CAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers had developed an innovative technology i.e., manually operated Multirow seed drill that could enable line sowing of jute and helps in reducing the seed rate as well as the labour requirement for weeding and thinning. The study was conducted during 2021 at the villages of North 24 Parganas and Nadia Districts of West Bengal by personal interviewing 80 farmers who had already adopted the CRIJAF Multirow seed drill. It was found that the intervention was relatively more advantageous, compatible with the existing culture and agroclimatic conditions, exhibits prominently observable results and relatively less complex in operation. Hence being a proven technology, the seed drill needs to be popularised in those areas where it has not been utilized yet. The adoption of the seed drill would further improve the effi ciency of jute cultivation by decreasing the cost of cultivation and increasing fi bre productivity.
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Sharna, Shaima Chowdhury, and M. Kamruzzaman. "Comparative Advantages of Jute Export in Bangladesh, China and India." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i2.48858.
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The aim of this study was to review the trend of production and export of jute as well as comparative advantages of jute export of Bangladesh, China and India. In the case of production, India is the leading country which is followed by Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, Egypt and others. However, Bangladesh plays the supreme role over other countries in the world for exporting jute. Jute export fluctuated erratically over the past four decades in these three most jute exporting countries. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) has been enumerated for comparing the jute export advantages in the global market. Bangladesh always enjoys greater comparative advantages than China and India although the revealed comparative advantages are less in recent years than those were one decade ago. But it can’t catch the high-value market because exporters have mainly focused on raw jute while jute goods have high potentiality. The recommended issues urge to enhance the productivity of jute cultivation, inaugurate more diversified products, and explore new markets for exports.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 183-190, August 2020
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M. K. SINHA, SABYASACHI MITRA, T. RAMASUBRAMANIAN, and B. S. MAHAPATRA. "Crop diversification for profitability in jute and allied fibre crops." Indian Journal of Agronomy 54, no. 2 (October 10, 2001): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v54i2.4784.
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Jute ( Hibiscus cannabinus L. & H. sabdariffa L.) and allied fibres (mesta, sunnhemp, ramie, sisal and flax) play an important role in Indian economy. Raw jute (jute and mesta) farming, industry and trade provide liveli- hood support to about 5 million people in India and is grown in an area of about 1.0 million ha. Despite a two- fold increase in the productivity of jute since independence, the area is stagnant for last two decades. The acre- age of other fibre crops like ramie and sisal has not increased substantially though ramie and sisal fibres are costlier than raw jute, sunnhemp and cotton. The increased cost of cultivation of jute and the fluctuating market price often affects the farmers. So to enhance the profitability of jute and allied fibre farming, we have to intro- duce high value crops as components of jute-based cropping systems besides extending their cultivation to non-traditional areas. Ramie has shown a good growth and yield at Nilgiri hills, Goa, Maharastra while sisal has a great potential in the dry areas like western Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand. Diversification and value addition to the end products is needed as there is wide scope in the global market and the part of the ad- ditional profit must reach the farmers to motivate them. Jute ( Corchorus capsularis L. & C. olitorius L.) is the main commercial crop of the eastern and north eastern India providing livelihood security to about 5.0 million people (4.0 m farmers, 0.25 m mill workers and 0.50 m people engaged in jute based ancillary sectors). It is grown in an area of little over 0.8 m ha, producing nearly 10 million bales (1 bale 180 kg.) of fibre, which is about 40% of the worlds' production. Mesta is grown in an area of 0.15 m ha with a production of 1.0 m bales. The major jute growing states are West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya and Tripura while mesta is mostly cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra, Orissa and Bihar. Sunnhemp ( Crotalar ia juncea L.) is cultivated mostly in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharastra and Tamil Nadu.
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M, ROHMAN, SINGH P.K, SINHA B.K, CHOUDHARY R.C, MISHRA V.K, and PHOOLCHAND . "RAJENDRA SADA PAT-1: A NEW HIGH YIELDING JUTE VARIETY." Madras Agricultural Journal 83, May (1996): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01034.
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A high yielding Corchorus capsularis Jute culture KTC-1 has been developed through pure line selection. It recorded a mean fibre yield of 3123 kg/ha, registering 15.41, 23.93 and 23.88 per cent increased fibre yield over the ruling varieties JRG 7447, JRG 212 and JRC 321 respectively. It has better quality fibre particularly in respect of fibre fineness. The incidence of major pests and diseases was relatively less in new culture. This culture has been released as Rajendra Sada Pat-1 for general cultivation in Jute growing tracts of Bihar.
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Mitra, Biplab, Prateek Madhab Bhattacharya, Abhas Kumar Sinha, Rajat Chatterjee, and Apurba Kumar Chowdhury. "Zero Tillage Technology in Jute Cultivation: A Successful Venture in West Bengal." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 2068–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.237.
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Islam, Syed Nazrul, Md Lutfar Rahman, Md Zablul Tareq, Bornali Mostofa, Md Meftahul Karim, Abida Sultana, and Md Abu Sadat. "NUTRIENT COMBINATION WITH BIOCHAR: IMPROVING YIELD AND QUALITY OF JUTE SEED." Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 5, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.01.2021.43.50.
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Plants are naturally growing on the soil without hampering the eco-friendly environment. Intensive cultivation of crops with high yielding verities (HYV) hampering the soil health resulting unfertile soil. In addition, frequent uses of chemicals as well as overdose of synthetic fertilizer creating hazardous environment for the living things. However, to meet up the demand of foods as well as other basic requirements of increasing population of the world crop cultivation techniques need to be modernized. To overcome this situation, application of organic fertilizer need to apply regularly. Biochar can be a good source of organic fertilizer and it is currently using to improve the soil health globally. To examine the effect of biochar on jute growth and yield an experiment was set up in two different locations (Jute Agriculture Experimental Station (JAES), Manikganj, and Jute Research Sub Station (JRSS), Jashore of Bangladesh) during the period from August to December, 2019. Results revealed that location (JAES) had significant and positive effect on jute physiology and seed yield and as well as seed quality. Among fourteen treatments, treatment T2 (Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)) showed the highest plant height (163.5 cm), base diameter (7.44 mm) and pod per plant (16.5) compare to the rest treatments. Treatment T6 (RDF 75% + 25%biochar@3.0tonha-1) showed the best seed weight (2.13 g) and seed yield/ plant (3.98 g) among all treatments. Interaction among treatments and locations, T2 x L2 affected seed germination (99%) and field emergence (92.33%) positively. From this research it was cleared that biochar alone may not enough but combination is required for improving jute seed yield and quality.
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Ali, MR, M. Kabir, MTS Shawon, MM Hussain, MH Islam, and M. Alam. "Effect of conventional retting of jute on the quality of water and jute fiber." Progressive Agriculture 32, no. 2 (March 3, 2022): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v32i2.58405.
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Jute is a natural fiber also known as golden fiber in Bangladesh. Jute fiber is commonly extracted from the plant after immersion in water bodies. The traditional jute retting process harms the quality of jute fiber as well as water where jute plants were immersed as it decomposes bio-mass and hampers different water quality indicating parameters. In this study water samples were collected from different ponds and ditches at Muktagacha Upazilla, Mymensingh, Bangladesh in July 2020. Samples were collected from jute pre- and post-retting water bodies. The study was conducted to monitor the effect of jute retting on various physicochemical and microbiological parameters like- pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved oxygen (DO). All parameters were measured at the central laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University using a Multiparameter waterproof meter with a probe. To examine water quality, water samples were collected three times from five particular water bodies of stagnant waters, and the freshwater of the canal and pond. Water quality parameters of pre and post-retting jute water were found as pH 6.42~7.02 and 6.10~5.59, TDS 18~81 mgL-1and 103~183 mgL-1, DO 2.3~2.4 mgL-1and 0.8~0.9 mgL-1, and EC 36~163 µScm-1and 222~396 µScm-1, respectively. A comparison was made with the standard values of water quality parameters and found notable differences with the Department of Environment standards of Bangladesh. Another observation was also made to determine whether the retting water can influence fiber quality or not. Observed results indicated that a low level of pH and DO in jute retted water in a pond may not be suitable for fish cultivation. On the other hand, higher content of TDS and EC in post jute retting water was found responsible for the poor quality of jute fiber.
Progressive Agriculture 32 (2): 151-161, 2021
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Kumar, M., S. Mitra, A. Bera, and M. R. Naik. "Energy use pattern of diversified cropping systems under different nutrient and crop residue management practices in Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/4/mrn-1463.
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Aim: Assessment of energy input output relationship, greenhouse gases emission and carbon footprint of diversified jute-rice cropping systems under different nutrients and crop residue management practices. Methodology: The inventory was prepared for all inputs required for crop cultivation and outputs of crops in cropping systems. These inputs and outputs were converted into energy by multiplying with energy equivalent coefficient and CO2 emission coefficient following standard procedure. Results: Jute-rice-baby corn cropping system recorded significantly higher net energy (324 GJ ha-1) and energy use efficiency (8.02). Among different nutrient and crop management (NCRM) practices, significantly higher energy output (336.9 GJ ha-1) and net energy (291.4 GJ ha-1) recorded 100% NPK with crop residue. The highest carbon footprint recorded with rice-rice (0.44 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) and the lowestwith jute-rice-pea (0.29 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) cropping system. Among different NCRM practices, higher carbon footprint was (0.38 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) recorded with 100% NPK with crop residue. Interpretation: The energy efficient and low input required cropping systems which include legume crops like garden pea and mungbean should be considered for cultivation for diversifying the existing rice-rice cropping system in Eastern India.
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D. Nag, T. K. Choudhury, S. Debnath, P.K. Ganguly, and S.K. Ghosh. "Efficient Management of Soil Moisture with Jute Non-woven as Mulch for Cultivation of Sweetlime and Turmeric in Red Lateritic Zone." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 45, no. 3 (September 30, 2008): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2008453.1343.
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Mulch is a layer of material spread on top of the soil to conserve soil moisture, discourage the growth of weeds, help prevent erosion and prevent large fluctuations in soil temperature. Mulch modifies the soil micro-climate around the growing plants. Jute geotextile being a woven/non-woven knitted structure of natural fibre is used in various geo-technical, civil engineering and soil conservation applications. It can be used where vegetation is considered to be the long term answer to protected cultivation of fruits and spices in arid and semi-arid regions. With this objective in mind, field trials were undertaken on the use of jute non-woven geo-textiles as mulch for cultivation of sweet lime with turmeric as an intercrop in the dry lateritic soil of Midnapore (West) district of West Bengal. It was observed that yields of sweet lime and turmeric were substantially higher fetching higher economic returns to the growers.
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Min Allah, Samar, Rosanna Dimita, Carmine Negro, Andrea Luvisi, Alessio Gadaleta, Carlo Mininni, and Luigi De Bellis. "Quality Evaluation of Mustard Microgreens Grown on Peat and Jute Substrate." Horticulturae 9, no. 5 (May 19, 2023): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9050598.
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Consumers appreciate microgreens for their vast variety of colors and flavors. Usually, they are grown employing peat, a substrate that is used in large quantities. In order to identify a more sustainable propagation protocol and to reduce the amount of peat consumed, alternative propagation protocols were evaluated. Jute is a biodegradable substrate with lower post-harvest costs because it does not leave particles on microgreens. This work evaluates the microgreen yield, flavor, texture, and phytochemical compounds when grown on jute. Green mustard (Brassica nigra) is one of the most popular microgreens. When growing these microgreens on jute (three repetitions), it was necessary to increase the frequency of irrigation and reduce the amount of water for each turn. In addition, the propagation time needed to be increased from 5 to 7 days. The tasters found no difference in flavor and only a slight difference in texture was observed when microgreens were grown on jute. The phenol and chlorophyll levels were unchanged, while carotenoid levels were slightly higher. Thus, the cultivation of green mustard on jute has a minimal impact on microgreens and leads to increased sustainability and reduced post-harvest costs.
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Rahman, Khussboo, Naznin Ahmed, Md Rakib Hossain Raihan, Farzana Nowroz, Faria Jannat, Mira Rahman, and Mirza Hasanuzzaman. "Jute Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches." Plants 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081595.
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Jute (Corchorus spp.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, and there are two species of jute, C. capsularis and C. olitorious. It is the second-largest natural bast fiber in the world according to production, which has diverse uses not only as a fiber but also as multiple industrial materials. Because of climate change, plants experience various stressors such as salt, drought, heat, cold, metal/metalloid toxicity, and flooding. Although jute is particularly adapted to grow in hot and humid climates, it is grown under a wide variety of climatic conditions and is relatively tolerant to some environmental adversities. However, abiotic stress often restricts its growth, yield, and quality significantly. Abiotic stress negatively affects the metabolic activities, growth, physiology, and fiber yield of jute. One of the major consequences of abiotic stress on the jute plant is the generation of reactive oxygen species, which lead to oxidative stress that damages its cellular organelles and biomolecules. However, jute’s responses to abiotic stress mainly depend on the plant’s age and type and duration of stress. Therefore, understanding the abiotic stress responses and the tolerance mechanism would help plant biologists and agronomists in developing climate-smart jute varieties and suitable cultivation packages for adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the best possible recent literature on the plant abiotic stress factors and their influence on jute plants. We described the possible approaches for stress tolerance mechanisms based on the available literature.
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Saikia, Kishor, and Chittaranjan Deka. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTENT OF ADOPTION OF JUTE HYV AND SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2023): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2023.35.2.0016.
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The Assam Agricultural University, in collaboration with RARS, Shillongani, has introduced high yielding varieties (HYV) of jute to farmers to double their incomes. So, this study was carried out to ascertain the relationship between extent of adoption of High Yielding Jute Verities and their associated practices with Social Economic and Psychological characteristics of the farmers of Nagaon District. Thus, Nagaon sub-division was purposively selected for the study with a dependent variable ‘Extent of Adoption’ and 16 independent variables categorized in different factors viz. socio-economic, personal, communication, and socio-psychological etc. 120 farmers were selected for the study. Interviews were conducted using a pretested schedule, and data was analysed by Chi-Square test, Karl Pearson’ Co-efficient of Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. The study revealed that operational land holding, area under jute crop, annual income, extension contact, economic motivation and knowledge level on HYV jute cultivation were found positive and significant relationship with the extent of adoption and accordingly educational level, family type, farming experience, farm machinery and equipment’s, training exposure of the farmers had significant association with extent of adoption of HYV jute varieties. Together, the 16 variables contributed 54.20 % to variation in extent of adoption of high yielding jute varieties.
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Amin, MN, Asma Khatun, MSR Bhuiyan, MA Sayed, and SR Khandker. "Genetic Transformation in White Jute Through Agrobacterium and Salinity Screening of Transgenic Plant." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 1 (July 11, 2012): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11180.
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The experiment was conducted to establish an efficient and reproducible protocol for the plant regeneration and genetic transformation in white Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). The regeneration and transformation processes depend on optimum growth conditions, suitable explants and varieties. An attempt was made for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in white jute varieties using gene construct conferring both salt and drought tolerance (CIPK and Gly-1) along with the marker genes. Interestingly the two varieties (CVL-1 and Tricap-1) showed the response of both callus induction and plant regeneration on a single formulation i.e. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IAA. Explants were dipped to liquid culture of bacteria for one minute and then transferred to co-cultivation media for 24 hours. Shoot regeneration from Agrobacterium infected cotyledon was found highest in variety CVL-1 (43%) than Tri cap (38%). After co-cultivation and selection histochemical GUS assay was performed in different varieties (vars. Tricap-1, CVE-3 & CVL-1). In the transformed explants, GUS reporter gene was expressed showing blue colour in the explants tissues. Among the varieties CVE-3 showed the highest expression blue colour in the explants tissues. Those transgenic plants are transferred to salt medium and soil for evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11180 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 97-107, March 2012
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Roy, Nayan. "Life table and economic threshold concept for ecologically sustainable management of Diacrisia casignetum Kollar (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on Jute." ENTOMON 44, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v44i2.436.
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Life table and economic threshold (ET) level of Diacrisia casignetum Kollar on jute was calculated in West Bengal condition during 2016-2018 for environmentally benign management and better production of jute. The demographic data of D. casignetum always construct type-III survivorship curve like most of the insects. Potential fecundity (Pf) and total fertility rate (Fx) were 384.667±5.487 and 30893.60±1063.586, respectively. The average intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and the daily finite rate of increase (ë) were 0.106±0.001 and 1.111±0.003 respectively with the generation time (Tc) of 41.520±0.069 and doubling time (DT) of 6.563±0.021 days. Their mean population momentum factor of increase (PMF) was 19.676±0.605 including vital index (VI) and trend index (TI) of 0.522±0.003 and 92.359±2.648, respectively with different levels of significance. The economic injury level (EIL) and ET based on percent yield loss of jute were 7.119±2.166 and 6.385±1.969 pests per plant, respectively. At single pest observation per plant, the possible time taken to reach EIL (Ti) and ET (Tt) were 6.377±3.292 and 5.377±3.292 days, respectively which will be useful for better cultivation of jute and other subsequent crops.
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WinklerPrins, Antoinette M. G. A. "Jute cultivation in the Lower Amazon, 1940–1990: an ethnographic account from Santarém, Pará, Brazil." Journal of Historical Geography 32, no. 4 (October 2006): 818–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2005.09.028.
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Singh, Rama Kant, Pankaj Kumar, R. K. Jalaj, Ratan Kumar, Shobha Rani, R. N. Singh, and R. K. Sohane. "Precision Fertilization Strategies for Maximizing Jute Yield in Alluvial Soils of Seemanchal Region of Bihar." Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10, no. 2 (May 10, 2024): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2024/v10i2297.
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This research explores precision fertilization techniques to enhance jute production in Katihar district, Bihar, crucial for small farming households in the Seemanchal region, aiming to replace indiscriminate nitrogen application with the Soil Test Targeted Yield (ST-TY) method, crucial for the economic and environmental value of jute, known as the "golden fiber." Over two years (2019-2020) in the Seemanchal region's Katihar district, an experiment compared Soil Test Targeted Yield (ST-TY) method with traditional practices, revealing minimal impact on soil properties but significant decreases in available nitrogen and phosphorus levels raising concern over nutrient management. Notably, achieving a targeted fiber yield of 32.52 qha-1 through specific fertilizer applications (83:35:19 N:P:K kg/ha) with organic matter consistently outperformed other methods. The method resulted in superior plant growth (385 cm) and fiber production (32.52 q ha-1), yielding the highest net income (96884 Rs ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (3.44), showcasing its economic viability. This underscores the importance of tailored fertilizer strategies and organic materials for enhancing jute cultivation, suggesting broader adoption potential in Seemanchal and beyond.
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Korol, Jerzy, Aleksander Hejna, Dorota Burchart-Korol, and Jan Wachowicz. "Comparative Analysis of Carbon, Ecological, and Water Footprints of Polypropylene-Based Composites Filled with Cotton, Jute and Kenaf Fibers." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 3541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163541.
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Composites containing natural fibers are considered environmentally friendly materials which is related to the reduced use of fossil fuels and the emission of carbon dioxide compared to petroleum-based polymers. Nevertheless, a complete evaluation of their environmental impact requires a broader view. This paper presents a carbon, ecological, and water footprints assessment of polypropylene-based composites filled with cotton, jute, and kenaf fibers based on a standardized European pallet (EUR-pallet) case study. Obtained results were compared with unmodified polypropylene and composite with glass fibers. Incorporation of 30 wt% of cotton, jute, and kenaf fibers into a polypropylene matrix reduced its carbon footprint by 3%, 18%, and 18%, respectively. Regarding the ecological footprint, an 8.2% and 9.4% reduction for jute and kenaf fibers were noted, while for cotton fibers, its value increased by 52%. For these footprints, the use of jute and kenaf fibers was more beneficial than glass fibers. Nevertheless, the application of natural fibers caused a 286%, 758%, and 891% drastic increase of water footprint of the final product, which was mainly affected by cultivation and irrigation of crops. Therefore, in a holistic view, the incorporation of natural fibers into the polypropylene matrix definitely cannot be impartially considered as an environmentally friendly solution.
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Mukherjee, Sacchidananda, and M. Dinesh Kumar. "Economic valuation of a multiple use wetland water system: a case study from India." Water Policy 14, no. 1 (June 16, 2011): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.120.
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In the Gangetic floodplain of West Bengal, multiple use wetlands (MUW) play a significant role in the livelihoods of the local people. Over the years, these multiple use systems are being converted into single use systems for commercial gain by economically, socially and politically dominant groups. Compared to single use water systems, MUW benefit a larger number of people belonging to different socio-economic strata. Also, the economic and ecological functions of MUW change over time and space. These dynamic aspects of wetlands are often not fully recognised. Attempts to classify wetlands according to their uses across ecological zones and to carry out their economic valuation are limited. A wetland was selected in the Barddhaman district of West Bengal to evaluate the economic benefits of various direct uses. The study shows that the major economic benefits that people living in the surrounding area of the wetland derive are from wetland cultivation, direct irrigation, jute retting and fisheries. The largest benefit was from jute retting followed by fisheries and wetland cultivation. The irrigation benefits were found to be low owing to the greater distance of the farm land from the wetland, and easy access to groundwater owing to the shallow aquifers in the region.
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Alam, Kazi Faiz, and Tofael Ahamed. "Climate-Adaptive Potential Crops Selection in Vulnerable Agricultural Lands Adjacent to the Jamuna River Basin of Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing and a Fuzzy Expert System." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (April 21, 2023): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082201.
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Agricultural crop production was affected worldwide due to the variability of weather causing floods or droughts. In climate change impacts, flood becomes the most devastating in deltaic regions due to the inundation of crops within a short period of time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose climate-adaptive crops that are suitable for the flood inundation in risk-prone areas of Bangladesh. The research area included two districts adjacent to the Jamuna River in Bangladesh, covering an area of 5489 km2, and these districts were classified as highly to moderately vulnerable due to inundation by flood water during the seasonal monsoon time. In this study, first, an inundation vulnerability map was prepared from the multicriteria analysis by applying a fuzzy expert system in the GIS environment using satellite remote sensing datasets. Among the analyzed area, 42.3% was found to be highly to moderately vulnerable, 42.1% was marginally vulnerable and 15.6% was not vulnerable to inundation. Second, the most vulnerable areas for flooding were identified from the previous major flood events and cropping practices based on the crop calendar. Based on the crop adaptation suitability analysis, two cash crops, sugarcane and jute, were recommended for cultivation during major flooding durations. Finally, a land suitability analysis was conducted through multicriteria analysis applying a fuzzy expert system. According to our analysis, 28.6% of the land was highly suitable, 27.9% was moderately suitable, 19.7% was marginally suitable and 23.6% of the land was not suitable for sugarcane and jute cultivation in the vulnerable areas. The inundation vulnerability and suitability analysis proposed two crops, sugarcane and jute, as potential candidates for climate-adaptive selection in risk-prone areas.
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SK, Zamsuddin. "The Unscientific Practice of Cultivation and the Degradation of Soil Productivity: Appropriate Procedure for Cultivation of Miscellaneous Cropping on Various Types of Soil." International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production, no. 31 (December 6, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/ijaap.31.18.23.
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The soils gradually lost productivity for unscientific practice of cultivation and the chemical fertilizer increase applied on cultivation which resulted in the soils gradually losing earlier productivity. Furthermore, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries, cultivators are low educated and illiterate, consequently they can't apply accurate amounts of chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer, insecticides and poison. Infrequently, they apply more chemical fertilizer and infrequently they apply less fertilizer. As well as, the corresponding type of soils are not perfect for all types of crops. For instance, the sandy loam type of soils is perfect for potatoes, onion, carrots etc which crops grow beneath soils. Notwithstanding, the loam sandy soil is not perfect for paddy crops or jute since in this type of soil more than sand & silts which results can't retain sufficient water and else, this type of soils can't hold the roots of paddy. Otherwise, the clay loamy type of soils is perfect for paddy and jute crops. Since, this type of soils can retain sufficient water and the clay strongly hold the numerous roots of paddy and jute crops. Consequently, these types of crops grow adequately and production rate is high in this type of soils. By experiments and examination, it is known that if we follow several procedures, then the production rate of crops and vegetables double to triple times will be enhanced. These several procedures are given below- A). By experiments, it is known that the productivity of soils predominantly depends on the amount of air and sunlight infiltration in the soils. Atmospheric air and sunlight are precious elements for the growth of each type of crops and vegetables. Nevertheless, by observation it is known that more cultivation land can't tillage before planting or sowing the crops. Consequently, the sun rays and atmospheric air can't enter the soils. Besides, after again and again tillage the cultivation land lost acidity and humidity in soils which increased productivity of the soils. Henceforward, before planting the crops need two to five times tillage the cultivation land and keep it for ten to twenty days. To mention that the two to five times tillage do on different days not on similar days. B). By experience, it is known that the bio-fertilizer (cattle dung etc) needs to apply hugely on the cultivation especially before planting of crops. Since it decomposes with water and it is mixed with soil elements consequently, each type of crops gets sufficient requirement elements which help to grow the crops. Moreover, the utilization of bio-fertilizer keeps balance the productivity of soils since the huge utilization of chemical fertilizers lost its earlier or natural productivity which returns sufficient application of bio-fertilizer. Hence, for sufficient growth of crops need apply both bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. C). By experience, it is known that each crop and vegetation can't tolerate more chemical fertilizer, especially urea. Henceforward, it needs little amount applied on crops and vegetables at different times. Urea is extremely effective for rapidly growing crops and vegetables; however, the crops and vegetables can't tolerate it at a similar time. Hence, the urea is applied six to ten times with little amount after one week or ten days interval which results in an increased production rate of crops and vegetables per hectare. As well as timely irrigation on crops land when it needs and withdraw all grass from the crops land helps to ensure sufficient growth of the crops and vegetables. Merely for the vegetables crops need two to three times tillage after ten days' interval the cultivation land appeared during the vegetables. It destroys all types of grasses from the cropping land else, the atmospheric air and sunlight spontaneously enters within soils which increase the productivity of soil.
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Uddin, Md Nizam, Md Mokhlesur Rahman, Md Shariful Islam, Abdullah Al Zabir, and M. Wahid -Uz-Zaman. "ARSENIC TOLERANCE AND ASSIMILATION POTENTIALITY OF JUTE, KENAF AND MESTA AT EARLY GROWING STAGE." Acta Scientifica Malaysia 4, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2020.88.94.
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Arsenic (As) is an environmentally hazardous toxic metalloid. To evaluate As tolerance and assimilation capacity, seedlings of jute (Corchorus capsularis L. var. BJC-7370 and CVE-3), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L. var. HC-95 and HC-3) and mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. Samu-93) were grown for 25 days in hydroponic nutrient solution containing four levels of As viz 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1 with four replications. Results were showed that the seedlings of jute, kenaf and mesta were highly potential to tolerate As toxicity. Arsenic had no significant effects on survibility of kenaf, mesta and jute seedlings (var.VE-3). Root and shoot length and dry biomass were decreased with the increasing levels of As. Values of bio-concentration factor indicated the varieties of kenaf, mesta and jute (var.VE-3) were As accumulator. Arsenic accumulation was higher in root than shoot and translocation factor indicated that As is slowly translocated from root to shoot. The rate of translocation is increased with the increasing concentration of As in solution. Highest As contents in shoot (3636.10 mg kg-1) and root (6350.38 mg kg-1) were detected from kenaf HC-3. The highest amount (16.05 mg As pot-1) of As accumulation was also calculated from the variety of kenaf HC-3 with the addition of 45 mg As pot-1. The order of As tolerance and absorption potentiality were kenaf HC-3>mesta Samu-93>jute CVE- 3>kenaf HC-95>jute BJC-7370. These varieties are good cultivar for cultivation and/or phytoremediation of As contaminated environment.
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., Mohammad Hussain, Maksuder Rahman ., M. N. Uddin ., M. A. Taher ., M. N. Nabi ., and A. F. Mollah . "Problems and Solutions in Jute Cultivation Faced by the Farmers in a Selected Area of Bangladesh." Journal of Biological Sciences 2, no. 9 (August 15, 2002): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2002.628.629.
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Nasreen, M. A., M. M. Ali, S. Akhter, Tahmina, M. A. R. Dayan, and M. M. Uddin. "Mechanization of fibre extraction: an eco-friendly alternative method of jute retting." Journal of Science Technology and Environment Informatics 11, no. 01 (2021): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.110121.75.
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Jute retting has become a major obstacle for cultivation of jute due to water scarcity. Not only that, the water retting generates waste water and causes environmental pollution. This experiment was conducted to extract fibre through a mechanical process instead of extracting traditional water retting to overcome the problem. Machine extraction and water retting methods were applied to non-retted ribbons. Physico- chemical properties were then determined of the extracted fibre samples. The promising result obtained that the fibre extraction from ribbon is possible by the developed fibre extractor machine. Machine extracted fibre of the bottom portion shows similar strength and luster property like water retted fibre of the bottom. Middle portion of the machine extracted fibre showed a significantly higher luster property compared to water retted middle portion. Machine extracted fibres were coarse compared to water retted fibre. Water retting process produced finer quality fibre. Machine extracted fibres contain lower cellulose, higher hemicellulose and higher lignin compared to water retted fibre. These results show the possibility of developing alternative bast fibre extraction processes employing machine not undergoing water retting method.
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Sarker, Uttam Kumer, Md Salahuddin Kaysar, Md Romij Uddin, Md Alamgir Hossain, Sabry Hassan, and Mohamed M. Hassan. "Exploring Farmers’ Insight on Cropping Pattern for Sustainable Crop Production in Char Area of Bangladesh." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031745.
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Bangladesh is principally an agricultural country, where most people depend primarily upon their own farm production for endurance. In the char area, agriculture is multifaceted and labor-intensive, with a non-developed market, few technologies, and insufficient resources. Moreover, agroecological situations are multifarious for crop production. A study was performed in the chars of Rangpur, Gaibandha, Kurigram, and Lalmonirhat districts of Bangladesh to determine the existing situation of cropping patterns, farmers’ problems with crop cultivation, and probable solutions to minimize risk in crop production. Farmers, local leaders, and dealers, as well as both government and non-government personnel, were occupied in the study to congregate information on different aspects of crop production. The study indicated that the most dominant cropping pattern was T. Aman-Maize-Jute. Flood is the major climatic risk alleged by char dwellers. Additionally, char respondents are vulnerable, with more landless farmers, and dominated by crop cultivation compared to other professional work. In response to the accessible crop production risks, the char peoples are suggested to utilize some adjustment strategies in agriculture, such as implementing new or alternative cropping practices, rapid disease and pest management techniques, and cultivating short-duration varieties. The other outcomes of the study were designed to implement program planning and livelihood development of char people through attaining food security.
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Jha, S. K. "Performance Evaluation of CRIJAF Nail Weeder in Jute Growing Areas of North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/apr_jun/156-159.
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The study is based on the result of 153 front line demonstrations carried out by ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore in North 24-Parganas district during 2017-18 and 2018-19 on mechanical weed management through CRIJAF Nail weeder. The FLD on weed management through CRIJAF nail weeder was carried out to show reduction in cost of cultivation due to less labour requirement as compared to conventional practices as well as enhancement in yield. The demonstration yield was increased by 12.11 per cent over the local check. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 360.50 kg/ha, 559.50 kg/ha and 14.38 during the period under study. On an average, the demonstrated fi eld gave higher net returns (Rs. 87337 / ha) and benefi t: cost ratio (2.37) compared to the local checks. It clearly showed that adoption of improved agro-technology can boost the economics of jute growers.
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Haque, MA, MA Monayem Miah, S. Hossain, and M. Alam. "Profitability Of Rose Cultivation In Some Selected Areas Of Jessore District." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 1 (June 4, 2013): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15204.
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Rose cultivation is now a profitable enterprise to the farmers, but the socioeconomic data and information of this flower are very scarce in Bangladesh. So, the present study was conducted to identify agronomic practices, analyze relative profitability, and input-output relationship during December 2010. A total of 100 rose growing farmers were randomly selected for this study. The results indicated that 100% farmers cultivated Lincoln variety of rose. The costs of rose cultivation were Tk. 3,87,569 and Tk. 2,75,214 per hectare on full cost and variable cost basis, respectively. The major share of full cost was incurred for human labour (30%), followed by land use (23%), fertilizer (17%), and irrigation (12%). The yield of rose was 5,40,107 flowers per hectare. The net return from rose cultivation was Tk. 23,31,196 per hectare. The benefit cost ratios were 2.29 and 1.63 on variable cost and full cost basis, respectively. The highest profit was obtained from rose cultivation compared to its competitive crops like potato+jute, lentil+til and mustard+mungbean for rose. Human labor, land preparation cost, seedling, urea, TSP, MoP and irrigation had positive effect on the yield of rose. Lack of technical knowledge, non-availability of HYV seedling, and infestation of insects and diseases were major problems found in rose cultivation. Government should take necessary steps to overcome these problems. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 165-174, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15204
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Suman Roy, A. K. Ghorai. "Weed Smothering (Corchorus olitorius L.) in Jute by its High Density Broadcast Sowing, using Cover Crop Principle." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1103.013.
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Jute being a C3 crop, it cannot compete with the C4 weeds at its early stage and about 40 per cent of total cost of cultivation of jute goes in weeding process alone. Upsurge of new weed flora, labour scarcity, herbicidal resistance and its environmental concern and slow mechanization urged us to control weeds in jute field by its smothering effect. Experiments were conducted at ICAR-CRIJAF, Barrackpore, WB in 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21 with jute (cv. NJ-7010) by its high density broadcast sowing (seed rate @ 6.0 to 7.5 kg/ha). Irrigation, fertiliser and pesticides requirements were standardised for this purpose. Only 45 cm wide strip (5% of total area) around the jute field was manually weeded to prevent seed formation of weeds in boarder areas. The dense jute canopy (200-348 /m2) of 29 cm mean height at 25- DAS reduced the incident light at jute base by 90-95 per cent and dominated all C4 weeds. In this 1st year it reduced the grass, broadleaf, sedges weed population (max 52 m2) and weed bio mass by 98, 98.5, 64.5 and 91.65 per cent respectively over manual weeding twice. Next year at 25 DAS it reduced the grass sedges weed population by 70, and 62% respectively over initial status. In third year most of the grass (507/m2), broadleaved (504/m2) and sedges (52/m2) were smothered by its cover crop effect at early stage (25 DAS). Remaining weeds were rudimentary, incapable of producing seeds. In consecutive three years out, of 20.7 lakh (40 DAS), 26.8 (25 DAS), 34.8 l lakh jute plants/ha (15 DAS), only 3.3, 6.3 and 7.64 lakhs jute plants/ha i.e., 16, 23.5 and 22 % of total initial population were found effective and harvested (125 to135 DAS). The improved experiment of 2nd and 3rd year produced 3.837 & 3.798 t fibre/ha respectively which were at par with manual weeding, chemical herbicide and mechanical weed control process. It eliminated weeding and thinning processes and consumed only 195 and 276 man days/ha from sowing to fibre extraction over conventional method (340 to 365 man days/ha). It saved 89-145 man days/ha (Rs.22500 to 36250/ha). Mesta (Hibiscus cannabinus) also showed similar response as smother crop (2018-19). Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 0.9 l a.i/ha (POE, 7 days) was found effective for weed control in zero till piara crop. Weed smothering by intercropping green garm with jute (1:1)/mixed cropping were also found economic, produced 0.8-1.0 t pulse grain/ha along with 2.7-2.9 t jute fibre and 1.7 to 2 tonnes nutrogen rich (2.35%) pulse waste per ha.. Pre emergence herbicide Pretilachlor 50 EC and Ipfencarbazone 22.8 %SC were found effective for jute. This weed smothering merit of jute can be used for reducing weed seeds in seed bank growing in repeated flushes, it can also be used as cover crops for different crops which will seqester a lot of carbon to soil also. Weed smothering by high density broadcast jute sowing will eliminate dependence on herbicides, mechanical and manual weeding and make jute farming more remunerative and sustainable in nature.
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WINKLERPRINS, ANTOINETTE M. G. A. "SEASONAL FLOODPLAIN‐UPLAND MIGRATION ALONG THE LOWER AMAZON RIVER*." Geographical Review 92, no. 3 (July 2002): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2002.tb00151.x.
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ABSTRACT. A current pattern of seasonal migration, particularly among smallholders, is marked by movement between the Amazon River floodplain and upland bluffs near the city of Santarém, Brazil. Nearly fifty years of jute cultivation “subsidized” residents of the floodplain, enabling them to remain there year‐round. Without this subsidy, annual flooding and the concomitant seasonal dearth of cash‐economy activities make permanent occupancy difficult. The present‐day seasonal migration and complementary use of both upland and floodplain environments has broad implications for theories about past patterns of settlement and for the region's future sustainable development.
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Khandoker, S., MA Monayem Miah, MA Rashid, M. Khatun, and ND Kundu. "Comparative profitability analysis of shifting land from field crops to mango cultivation in selected areas of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i1.31986.
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Mango has emerged as an important area for diversification and as an alternative cropping pattern due to higher returns and productivity. The study was conducted in three mango growing districts, namely Chapai Nawabganj, Natore, and Rajshahi during 2014-2015 to estimate the financial benefit of shifting cereal lands to mango production, factors influencing shifting decision, and explore related problems of mango cultivation in the study areas. A total of 180 farmers taking 60 farmers from each district were selected through using multistage stratified random sampling for the study. About 49% lands were shifted to mango cultivation from cereal crops which was higher in Chapai Nawabganj (55%) followed by Natore (48%) district. The main reason of this shifting was reported to be higher profit compared to other crops. The average total cost of mango cultivation was Tk. 1, 33,889 per hectare. Higher cost was observed in the 16th-20th year of garden (Tk. 1, 52,010) followed by 11th -15th year (Tk. 1, 48,952). The average yield of mango was found to be the highest in 16th 20th year (26.48 ton/ha) followed by 11-16th year (19.38 ton/ha). Per hectare net return from mango cultivation was Tk. 1, 75,244. Total cost of mango cultivation was 10% higher than Boro-Fallow-T.Aman cultivation. On the other hand, total cost was about 40% lower than Wheat- Jute- T.Aman, Wheat-Aus-T.Aman and Potato-Fallow-T.Aman. The net return from mango cultivation was 75% higher than other cropping patterns. The shifting of cereal lands to mango cultivation was found to be a profitable since the BCR (2.89), net present value (Tk. 33, 71,166) and internal rate of return (39%) were very high. Relative income, farm size and education turned out to be positively significant, whereas age was negatively significant for shifting decision from cereal crops to mango cultivation. Therefore, Farmers should be motivated to cultivate mango in the fallow lands or areas where other crops are not grown well.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 137-158, March 2017
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La Rosa and Grammatikos. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Cotton and Other Natural Fibers for Textile Applications." Fibers 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7120101.
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Among natural fibers, such as cotton, silk, wool, flax, hemp, etc., cotton is the one that takes up the highest percentage in the textile market. Nevertheless, there are obstacles associated with its cultivation; it is restricted to sub-tropical climates, and it is dependent upon high amounts of water, as well as the use of agrochemicals to ensure good yields. The use of pesticides and other types of chemical products give a negative impact on the environment. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used in the present study in order to evaluate the environmental impacts of cotton cultivation and fibers production for textiles. Comparisons among traditional and organic cropping have been carried out. Further comparisons are described with other natural fibers, such as jute, hemp and kenaf, in order to identify the strong and weak points of each product. Weak (e.g., lack of supply, transportation and storage of biomass, infancy of the value chain, lack of production/distribution chains, etc.) and strong aspects (e.g., market potential, rural development, environmental benefits, etc.) are considered for the production of each type of fiber.
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MANIVANNAN, S., O. P. S. KHOLA, K. KANNAN, P. K. CHOUDHURY, and V. KASTHURI THILAGAM. "Efficacy of open weave jute geotextiles in controlling soil erosion and its impact on hill slope stabilization." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 5 (May 25, 2018): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i5.80028.
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Slope stabilization is a tedious process since various human activities being carried out in various parts of theworld have led to land use changes that has indirectly affected slope stability. Permanent structures are being usedfor slope stabilization which are costly and cannot be adopted in a large scale. Slope stabilization by establishinggrasses with the support of Jute Geotextiles is an alternative method for stabilization of slopes in hilly areas. Set offield studies were conducted at ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC), Regional Centre,Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India with the objective to study the effect of various Jute Geotextiles (JGT) on runoff, soil loss, survival and growth of tea. Results of three years field study on efficacy of various types of open weave JGT namely 500, 600 and 700 GSM on slope stabilization showed that 700 GSM open weave JGT proved to be more effective in reducing runoff, soil and nutrient loss and increased soil moisture retention capacity of the soil. However, height and growth of tea plants were better under 500 and 600 GSM JGT. Considering the scope of tea cultivation in sloppy areas, rehabilitation of land slide areas using tea plants, optimal moisture requirement and better growth of tea plants, it is suggested that 500 GSM open weave JGT will be more effective for slope stabilization with tea plants.
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Marasovic, Paula, Dragana Kopitar, Tomislava Peremin-Volf, and Marcela Andreata-Koren. "Effect of Biodegradable Nonwoven Mulches from Natural and Renewable Sources on Lettuce Cultivation." Polymers 16, no. 7 (April 8, 2024): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16071014.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous research showed that mulching with conventional agro foils elevates soil temperature and promotes plant growth, but negatively influences soil health and brings environmental concerns. Most of the published research on nonwoven mulches for plant cultivation includes nonwoven fabrics produced by extrusion processes providing nonwoven fabric structures similar to films. A limited number of studies investigate the impact of nonwoven mulches produced by a mechanical process on the cards and bonded by needling on plant cultivation. For this study, nonwoven mulches of mass per unit area of 400 g m−2 made from jute, hemp, viscose (CV), and polylactide (PLA) fibers were produced on the card bonded by needle punching. The field experiment was conducted two consecutive years in a row, in spring 2022 and 2023, by planting lettuce seedlings. The nonwoven mulches maintain lower temperatures and higher soil moisture levels compared to agro foil and the control field. The fibrous structure and their water absorption properties allow natural ventilation, regulating temperatures and retaining moisture of soil, consequently improving soil quality, lettuce yield, and quality. The fiber type from which the mulches were produced, influenced soil temperature and humidity, soil quality, and lettuce cultivation. The nonwoven mulches were successful in weed control concerning the weediness of the control field. Based on the obtained results, the newly produced mulches are likely to yield better results when used for the cultivation of vegetables with longer growing periods. Newly produced biodegradable nonwoven mulches could be an eco-friendly alternative to traditional agro foil, minimizing environmental harm during decomposition. The obtained results suggest that the newly produced mulches would be even more suitable for growing vegetables with longer growing seasons.
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Atiq, NB, MS Haque, MMA Noor, SA Sammy, M. Perves, and S. Khanam. "Mutagenic Effect of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate on Some Fiber Species." Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Agriculture 37, no. 2 (March 12, 2024): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnag.v37i2.71777.
Full textAbstract:
Jute, kenaf and mesta are prominent fibrous plants with significant industrial and nutritional value for optimization of their cultivation process can have substantial agricultural and economic implications. The study was conducted on exploring the impact of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) presoaking treatments on the germination and the sensitivity of fiber crops to mutagens. This research aimed to evaluate the germination potential of jute, kenaf and mesta variety using various concentrations of EMS presoaking treatments, and analyze the sensitivity and induced variability in the M1 generation. Seeds were presoaked in four different concentrations of EMS. The subsequent parameters, including germination, root length, and shoot length, were measured at three crucial growth stages: 12, 24, and 36 days after sowing (DAS). A probit analysis was conducted to determine the LD50 value, which signifies the concentration at which 50% of the population exhibits an adverse effect. Moreover, significant variances were detected in germination rates, root elongation, and shoot growth across the different presoaking treatments. The findings emphasize the sensitivity of these fibrous plants to EMS concentrations, with increasing concentrations having a detrimental effect on growth parameters. This information can be instrumental for breeders and agriculturists looking to optimize germination in these crops. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 37(2): 19-27, 2023
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Manna, Koushik, Biplab Saha, and Manik Chandra Kundu. "Study of Non-woven Jute Agrotextile Mulches on Soil Water, Temperature and Nutrient Status in Root Zone in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) Cultivation." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2380.
Full textAbstract:
The field studies were conducted during the middle of November to end of February for the season of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 respectively in the red lateritic soil of Bahadurpur village of Bolpur, Birbhum, West Bengal, India which lies between 23°39'47.69'' N latitude and 87°37'36.91'' E longitude with an average altitude of 58.9 m above the mean sea level under sub-humid semiarid region of West Bengal, Eastern India to evaluate the performance of different types of non-woven jute agro-textile mulches (NJATM) in comparison to other mulches on soil temperature, soil moisture, soil physical properties and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). The highest pooled yield (8.50 t ha-1) of broccoli was recorded in 350 gsm NJATM treatment. Minimum temperature fluctuation (1−3oC) was observed in case non-woven jute agro textile mulches and it was lowest in 350 gsm NJATM treatment followed by 400 gsm NJATM. In case of soil physical properties, the maximum mean value of hydraulic conductivity (0.54 cm hr-1) was observed in 400 gsm NJATM. However, the lowest pooled Bulk Density was recorded in 400 gsm NJATM treatment (1.37 g cm-3) which was, however, statistically at par with 350 gsm NJATM treatment (1.38 g cm-3). The soil moisture was conserved in all treatments compared to control showing highest moisture content in 400 gsm NJATM treatment. Organic carbon content of soil was increased in all mulch treated plots compared to control, and their initial value and their highest value (0.64%) was recorded in 350 gsm NJATM treatment The NJATM of 350 gsm thickness was very effective compared to other mulches as a result of the soil management practices and productivity.
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Zakaria, Yakubu Saaka, Abdul-Ganiyu Shaibu, and Bernard N. Baatuuwie. "Assessment of Physical Suitability of Soils for Vegetable Production in the Libga Irrigation Scheme, Northern Region, Ghana Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Weighted Overlay Analysis." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 8 (August 24, 2022): 1395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i8.1395-1403.5004.
Full textAbstract:
Assessing the suitability of soils for agricultural production is critical in promoting sustainable agriculture. Knowledge gained from soil suitability analysis provides the sound basis for making informed decisions about soil management and crop selection in a given area. In view of this, this study was carried out to assess the physical suitability of soils in the Libga Irrigation Scheme for the sustainable cultivation of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius), tomato (Solanum lycoperscum L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata). Soil samples were collected at 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm depths from 50 geo-referenced points located at the nodes of a 100 m × 100 m regular grid. Particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, electrical conductivity and pH were determined following standard laboratory protocols at the AGSSIP Laboratory of the University for Development Studies, Nyankpala campus, Ghana. Weighting of soil properties was achieved through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Soil suitability maps for the selected crops were produced using weighted overlay analysis in ArcGIS (10.5). The results showed that generally about 44.3 ha (76.4 %), 44.7 ha (82.2 %) and 55.7 ha (96.0 %) of the irrigation field are moderately suitable for jute mallow, tomato and cabbage production respectively. The major limiting factors for the crops were high BD and acidity levels. The AHP proved to be a very useful tool for the incorporation of farmers’ views into decision making about the suitability of soils for crop production.
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Ahmed, KN, SHA Pramanik, M. Khatun, MR Hasan, LC Mohanta, T. Hoq, and SK Ghose. "Suppression of dominant insect pests and yield of sesame with plant materials in different climatic conditions." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 49, no. 1 (May 8, 2014): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18851.
Full textAbstract:
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an annual herb not extensively cultivated in Bangladesh. The jute hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia (=Spilosoma) obliqua (Walker) was found to attack the foliages including tender shoots of sesame in the Oilseeds Cultivation Centre of BCSIR Laboratory Campus, Rajshahi. The other pests encountered were pentatomid bugs, Dolycoris indicus (Stal) and Nezara viridula (L.),a chrysomelid beetle, Aphthona nigrilabris (Duvivier), leaf sucking coleopteran beetle and Monolepta signata (Oliv.) The insect pests encountered in the Oilseeds Cultivation Centre, Patgram, Lalmonirhat were: a pyrrhocorid bug, Dysdercus koenigii Fab. and a pentatomid bug, Piezodorus hyubneri Gmelin (Fab.). The efficacy of five plant extracts or botanicals e.g., Bara Bishkatali (Polygonum orientale L.) leaf, custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) leaf, castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil and sesame oil (Sesamum indicum), a mixture of Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) seed oil and sesame oil have been evaluated for their pesticide action in the suppression of dominant insect pests of sesame. The treatment of custard apple leaf extract produced significant result in pest control and crop yield next to sesame oil. Other treatments also exhibited better results in comparison to the control. The yields were 858 and 642 kg per acre in the crop fields of Lalmonirhat and Rajshahi districts respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18851 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(1), 31-34, 2014
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Islam, MS, MA Hashem, S. Islam, MH Alam, MA Rahim, and M. Akterruzzaman. "Utilization of crop residues in rural household of Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v31i3.52119.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the utilization of crop residues in agrarian zone of Bangladesh. Two categories of respondent participated in this study, such as old conservational agriculture research or farmer group and new conservational agriculture research or farmer group. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Crops grown within the study area includes rice, wheat, jute, pulses, oilseeds, maize, vegetables etc. Result of analysis shows that crops residues were mainly used for feeding their livestock (67.30%), cooking fuel (63.46%) and organic manure (74.04%) on the farms in old conservational agriculture research sites, where in new conservational agriculture research sites was used for feeding their livestock (68.64%), cooking fuel (57.06%) and organic manure (61.86%). It can therefore be concluded that crop residue are used within the study area as cooking fuel, animal feed, use with cow dung boll, fired at field, reuse during next cultivation and organic manure on farms.
Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 164-177, 2020
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Mahmud, AA, M. Jahangir Alam, MA Islam, MSH Molla, and MA Ali. "Millet-Jute-T. Aman Cropping Pattern for Increasing System Productivity in the Active Brahmaputra-Jamuna Floodplain Chars." Agriculturists 18, no. 1 (September 29, 2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v18i1.49465.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing system productivity in a planned way is an important base for attaining food security, where bringing marginal land like Charland under intensive crop cultivation is highly desirable. The field trial was conducted in the Charland of the Jamuna River under Saghataupazilla of Gaibandha during 2017- 18 & 2018-19 to increase the productivity and profitability through the development of three crops-based improved cropping patterns instead of the local practice (double-crop). Three crops based improved cropping pattern namely Millet (BARI Kaon-2)-Jute (O-9897)-T. Aman (Gainja) was compared with the existing cropping pattern of Millet (Local)-Fallow-T. Aman (Gainja). The experiment was laid out in six dispersed replications maintaining RCB design. The introduced improved cropping pattern produced the higher system productivity based on rice equivalent yield, REY (12.95 t ha-1), than the existing cropping pattern (4.20 t ha-1), which is three times higher than the existing pattern. Total field duration and turnaround time were 323 and 42 days, respectively in improved pattern and 215 and 150 days, respectively in the existing pattern, which revealed that 108 days more could be made productive through the introduction of improved cropping pattern. The alternate pattern increased production efficiency and land-use efficiency by 35% and 30%, respectively than that of the existing cropping system. The gross margin was also three times higher in the improved cropping pattern (1, 41,600 Tk ha-1 yr-1) compared to the farmers’ existing cropping pattern (38,350 Tk ha-1 yr-1). The marginal benefit-cost ratio (MBCR) was calculated 2.44 in an improved cropping pattern over the existing cropping pattern. The inclusion of an extra one crop (Jute) in the existing cropping pattern and replacement of the local millet variety by high yielding variety (BARI Kaon-2) could play a significant role to increase the system productivity as well as profitability in the Charland of Saghata, Gaibandha.
The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 129-136
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Ferdous, J., MS Hossain, MA Alim, and MM Islam. "Effect of Weeding and Herbicide Management on Fibre Yield and Yield Attributes of Tossa Jute." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 23, no. 1 (November 4, 2020): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i1.50125.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was conducted at Jute Agriculture Experimental Station (JAES), Manikganj and Jute Research Regional Station, Faridpur during 2019 to find out the effect of weeding and herbicide management on fibre yield and yield attributes of Tossa jute (Var. O-9897) cultivation. Two herbicide treatments, such as; W1 = Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Whip Super 9 EC) and W2 = Ethoxysulfuron (Sunrice ® 150WG) were tested. There were 14 treatments. T1- T6 treatments did not include hand weeding which was done 20 days after the herbicide spray [T1 = 100% recommended doses (RD) of both W1and W2 where W2 was sprayed one day after that of W1, T 2 = 50% dose both of W1and W2 where W2 was sprayed one day after that of W1, T3 = 100% dose of both W1 and W2 where both of the herbicide mixed together and sprayed on the same day, T4 = 50% dose of both W1 and W2 where mixture of both were sprayed on the same day, T5 = only 100% dose of W1, T6 = only 100% dose of W2]. The treatments T7 - T12 included one had weeding following the application of herbicides [T7 = 100% dose both of W1 and W2 where W2 was sprayed 1 day after that of W1, T8 = 50% dose both of W1 and W2 where W2 was sprayed 1 day after of W1, T9 = 100% dose both of W1 and W2 were mixed and sprayed together on the same day, T10 = 50% dose both of W1 and W2 mixed together and sprayed same day, T11 = only 100% dose of W1, T12 = only 100% dose of W2]. The treatments T13 and T14 did not include herbicide application [T13 = Two hand weeding (20-25 and 45-50 DAS) and T14 = control with no herbicide application]. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Results revealed that Khudesama (Echinochloa colonum) and Angulighash (Digitaria sanguinalis), Khudesama and Mutha (Cyperus rotundus) were best controlled by herbicide application. T3 gave highest fibre yield of 1.89 tha-1 when W1 and W2 sprayed at the same day with 100% RD. In case of one weeding 20 days after spray fibre yield and stick yield were differed significantly as compared to those of control at Manikganj. Treatment T7 gave highest fibre yield (3.11 t ha-1) when W2 sprayed after 1 day of W1 with 100% RD. At Faridpur, T3 gave the highest fibre yield (2.68 t ha-1) when W1 and W2 sprayed at the same day with 100% RD. Incase of one weeding 20 days after spray, T7 gave highest fiber yield (2.79 t ha-1) when W2 was sprayed 1 day after that of W1 with 100% RD.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 101-106