Relevant bibliographies by topics / Justice theory

Academic literature on the topic 'Justice theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Justice theory"

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AYUCH, Daniel. "JUSTICE BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE." Icoana Credintei 5, no. 10 (June 25, 2019): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/icoana.2019.10.5.5-9.

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Donghee Lee. "Normative Theory of Justice and Procedural Justice." Dankook Law Riview 36, no. 1 (June 2012): 207–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17252/dlr.2012.36.1.009.

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Chilton, Bradley Stewart. "Criticizing postmodern criminal justice theory at its root: Nietzsche's justice theory." Justice Professional 14, no. 1 (March 2001): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2001.9959611.

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Reilly-Cooper, Rebecca. "A Theory of Justice." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 61 (2013): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20136171.

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Becker, Donald. "Kant’s Theory of Justice." International Studies in Philosophy 29, no. 2 (1997): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil199729261.

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Gregor, Mary, and Allen D. Rosen. "Kant's Theory of Justice." Philosophical Review 104, no. 2 (April 1995): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2185988.

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Forray, Jean Mannheimer. "Building Organizational Justice Theory." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 5 (1994): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc1994511.

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Kelly, Erin, and John Rawls. "A Theory of Justice." Philosophical Review 110, no. 3 (July 2001): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2693651.

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Kelly, E. "A THEORY OF JUSTICE." Philosophical Review 110, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-110-3-421.

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Harvey, J. "Justice Theory and Oppression." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 25 (1999): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1999.10716835.

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Contending views of social justice often confront each other over claims about basic rights. In this paper I will begin with a familiar dispute of this kind, the crux of which proves to be the distribution of economic benefits and burdens. I will argue that it is is indeed illuminating to consider basic rights, and important in particular to examine an especially fundamental set of rights, namely, those that attach to the moral relationships that define the moral community. The blocking of these rights is a moral concern in itself and also often underlies more obvious social and economic inequalities. By considering this set of rights, we can uncover an unsuspected kind of justice which makes moral demands independently of a concern for distributive justice.There is a longstanding and influential tradition of claiming that the duties of justice are solely “negative” duties. On this view the concerns of justice are concerns about “negative rights” of an especially basic kind, usually subsumed under the heading of “individual freedom.” Justice consists in our “not interfering with” these basic negative rights.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Justice theory"

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Palmer, Tom G. "A cosmopolitan theory of justice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326967.

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Arvan, Marcus Samuel. "A Non-Ideal Theory of Justice." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195992.

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This dissertation constructs a "non-ideal theory" of justice: a systematic theory of how to respond justly to injustice. Chapter 1 argues that contemporary political philosophy lacks a non-ideal theory of justice, and defends a variation of John Rawls' famous original position - the Non-Ideal Original Position - as a method with which to construct such a theory. Finally, Chapter 1 uses the Non-Ideal Original Position to argue for a Fundamental Principle of Non-Ideal Theory: a principle that requires injustices to be dealt with in whichever way will best satisfy the preferences of all relevant individuals, provided those individuals are all rational, adequately informed, broadly moral, and accept the correct "ideal theory" of fully just conditions. Chapter 2 then argues for the Principle of Application - an epistemic principle that represents the Fundamental Principle's satisfaction conditions in terms of the aims of actual or hypothetical reformist groups. Chapters 3-5 then use these two principles to argue for substantive views regarding global/international justice. Chapter 3 argues that the two principles establish a higher-order human right for all other human rights to promoted and protected in accordance with the two principles of non-ideal theory. Chapter 4 argues that the two principles defeasibly require the international community to tolerate unjust societies, provided those societies respect the most basic rights of individuals. Finally, Chapter 5 argues that the two principles imply a duty of the international community to ameliorate severe poverty, as well as a duty to implement "fair trade" practices in international economics.
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Lytle, Daniel J. "Decision Making in Criminal Justice Revisited: Toward a General Theory of Criminal Justice." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367927805.

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Woodard, Christopher. "Justice, responsibility, and acquiescence." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/71249/.

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This thesis investigates the relationship between the concepts of justice and responsibility. It is important to decide what the relationship is, because the details of a theory of justice will depend on it. Four possible views of the relationship are outlined, and arguments are canvassed for and against one of them, which I call naturalism. Naturalism is appealing because it offers to make theories of justice independent of troubling agency-implicating judgements. But I argue that naturalism is false, because political argument, including theories of justice, cannot do without such judgements. They play an essential role in determining which range of possible actions or arrangements is relevant to a political argument. The argument against naturalism is in two parts. The first part analyses the concept of benefit, underlining the feature of that concept which makes agency-implicating judgements necessary for those who employ it. This first anti-naturalist argument is directed to arguments in ideal theory, in Rawls's sense of that term. The second part of the argument against naturalism is directed to deliberative arguments. Naturalism is, I claim, a much more plausible doctrine if it is understood to apply to such arguments in particular. But I argue that it is nevertheless false, because it leaves us unable to account for some of the reasons persons have for resisting acquiescence. Discussion of the rationality of acquiescence leads into discussion of the nature of deliberation. I argue that a feature of some consequentialist models of deliberation, which I call the hard-nosed view, must be rejected. I end with a comparison of the resulting view with Kant's ethics, and some variant forms of consequentialism.
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CIOTOLA, MARCELLO RAPOSO. "RELATIVISM, UNIVERSALISM AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE. A STUDY CONCERNING THE THEORY OF COMPLEX EQUALITY AND THE THEORY OF JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6220@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A presente tese de doutorado realiza um estudo comparativo, no âmbito da teoria da justiça, envolvendo a teoria da igualdade complexa, formulada por Michael Walzer, autor inserido no rol dos comunitaristas, e a teoria da justiça como imparcialidade, formulada por John Rawls, autor inserido no rol dos liberais. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo comparativo de autores baseado na categoria da justiça distributiva, conceito cuja formulação original remonta ao pensamento aristotélico. A tese - que contém elementos de filosofia moral, filosofia política e filosofia do direito - tem por objetivo verificar se a teoria da igualdade complexa, com sua metodologia particularista e seus princípios internos de distribuição, possibilita, como apregoa Michael Walzer, a crítica social ou se, de outra forma, esta crítica deve estar associada a uma moral universalista, como, por exemplo, a que nos é fornecida pelo modelo rawlsiano.
The present doctorate thesis aims to make a comparative study, in the context of the theory of justice, involving the theory of complex equality, formulated by Michael Walzer, author inserted in the communitarians` list, and the theory of justice as fairness, formulated by John Rawls, author inserted in the liberals` list. It`s about, therefore, a comparative study of authors based on the category of distributive justice, whose concept was originally formulated by the aristotelic thought. The thesis - that contains elements of moral philosophy, political philosophy and philosophy of law - aims to verify if the theory of complex equality, with its particularistic methodology and its internal principles of distribution, makes possible, as well as Michael Walzer proclaims, the social criticism or if, on the other hand, this criticism has to be associated to an universalistic moral, as, for example, that one provided by the rawlsian model.
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Bradford, W. "Value and justice : property, economic theory and Rawls." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596847.

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The thesis examines a particular contention made by John Rawls with regard to his account of the derivation of the principles of justice. In both A Theory of Justice and Political Liberalism Rawls maintains that the specification of property rights over the means of production is not part of the question of justice, but should rather reflect the customs and traditions of particular societies. It is argued in the thesis that this position cannot be maintained within the context of Rawls's overall argument. In particular, it is contended that Rawls's position on this reflects his uncritical reliance on Koopmans's Three Essays on the State of Economic Science (in which institutional detail such as the specification of property rights over the means of production is explicitly characterised as irrelevant) as a statement of the 'laws' of economics presumed known to those in the Original Position. The assumptions made by Rawls in constructing his argument, particularly his account of the circumstances of justice, are shown to reflect the strong, and in the context of Rawls's account, damaging assumptions underlying Koopmans's theoretical framework. These include the exclusion of preferences over work and the assumption that efficiency is unrelated to property rights specifications. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that these problems reflect a deeper issue: the theory of value upon which economic theories rest. The works of Luigi Pasinetti are employed to show the importance, for Rawls, of the distinction between theories based on exchange and those based on production. The latter are more suited to Rawls's project, and an example of them, Pasinetti's 'natural' system, is shown to be more suitable than Koopmans's framework as an account of economic theory in the Original Position.
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Gavrielides, Theo. "Restorative justice theory and practice : addressing the discrepancy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419228.

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Hamilton, Michele Villarreal. "Restorative justice: Reconceptualizing school disciplinary theory and practice." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2366.

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The threat of school violence plagues high school campuses nationwide. To thwart violent student behavior and create a safe school environment, schools often utilize punitive disciplinary practices. These practices, often referred to as zero-tolerance policies, essentially transform schools into law enforcement models focused on punishment and the exclusion of students from the educational setting. Conversely, restorative justice practices, specifically Circles, provide students with an opportunity to resolve conflicts through dialoguing, problem-solving, building relationships and reflecting on their behavior. Used in conjunction with traditional disciplinary practices, Circles can provide schools with an additional tool to teach appropriate behavior. Currently, there is limited research examining the impact of the Circle process on student behavior and school climate relative to student discipline. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of restorative justice practices, specifically Circles to address behavioral infractions among high school students. The findings of this study add to the current literature surrounding school disciplinary theory and practice and provide school administrators with another option for addressing student behavior. A qualitative case study approach was utilized to examine the impact of Circles at one high school. Thirteen participants were interviewed during a week long visit to West Valley High School (identified by pseudonym). Interviews responses were transcribed, analyzed and coded into themes representing the experiences of the participants in the Circle process. The data for this study revealed the following research findings: (a) the school employed a restorative approach to discipline which included the use of Circles as a complement to traditional disciplinary procedures, (b) the Circle process at WVHS led to the elimination of further behavioral infractions among Circle participants, (c) the Circle process provided students with increased opportunities for conflict resolution and learning, (d) the Circle process provided a forum for students' to discuss personal issues unrelated to the original conflict, and (e) the Circle process had a positive impact on student behavior and the participants' perception of school climate relative to student discipline.
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O'Neill, Mark. "Museums and social justice : a theory of practice." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12439/.

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Conrad, Sarah M. "A Restorative Environmental Justice for the Prison Industrial Complex: a Transformative Feminist Theory of Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801925/.

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This dissertation provides a feminist restorative model of environmental justice that addresses the injustices found within UNICOR’s e-waste recycling operations. A feminist restorative environmental justice challenges the presupposition that grassroots efforts, law and policy, medical and scientific research, and theoretical pursuits (alone or in conjunction) are sufficient to address the emotional and relational harm of environmental injustices. To eliminate environmental harms, this model uses collaborative dialogue for interested parties to prevent environmental harm. To encourage participation, a feminist restorative model accepts many forms of knowledge and truth as ‘legitimate’ and offers an opportunity for women to share how their personal experiences of love, violence, and caring differ from men and other women and connect to larger social practices. This method of environmental justice offers opportunities for repair, reparation and reintegration that can transform perspectives on criminality, dangerous practices and structures in the PIC, and all persons who share in a restorative encounter.
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Books on the topic "Justice theory"

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British Criminology Conference (1991 York). Criminal justice: Theory andpractice. London: British Society of Criminology in association with the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency, 1992.

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John, Rawls. A theory of justice. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005.

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Kant's theory of justice. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.

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Rawls, John. A theory of justice. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard Univeristy Press, 1999.

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John, Rawls. A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 1999.

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John, Rawls. A theory of justice. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.

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1941-, Fischer Dietrich, ed. Superfairness: Applications and theory. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1986.

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A theory of ecological justice. New York: Routledge, 2004.

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The causal theory of justice. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

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Distributional justice: Theory and measurement. London: Routledge, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Justice theory"

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Shorten, Andrew. "Justice." In Contemporary Political Theory, 239–74. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29916-1_9.

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Murphy, Mark. "Social Justice." In Social Theory, 253–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78324-2_12.

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Cowling, Mark. "Marxism, Justice and Criminal Justice." In Marxism and Criminological Theory, 196–214. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230234710_11.

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McLeod, Ian. "Theories of Justice." In Legal Theory, 134–47. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14269-9_10.

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Hage, Sally M., Erin E. Ring, and Melanie M. Lantz. "Social Justice Theory." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2794–801. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_62.

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Hage, Sally M., Erin E. Ring, and Melanie M. Lantz. "Social Justice Theory." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 3688–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_62.

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Angela Calabrese, Barton, Balzer Micaela, Kim Won Jung, McPherson Nik, Brien Sinead, Greenberg Day, and Archer Louise. "Spatial justice theory." In Theorizing Equity in the Museum, 1–18. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367823191-1.

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Barry, Norman P. "Justice." In An Introduction to Modern Political Theory, 133–68. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20201-0_6.

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Barry, Norman. "Justice." In An Introduction to Modern Political Theory, 135–67. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26641-5_6.

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Barry, Norman P. "Justice." In An Introduction to Modern Political Theory, 148–83. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24104-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Justice theory"

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Shor, Mikhael. "Procedural justice in bargaining games." In the Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807487.

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Rudneva, Y. V. "E-Justice: Development Prospects." In 18th International Scientific Conference “Problems of Enterprise Development: Theory and Practice”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.04.81.

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Carneiro, Davide, and Paulo Novais. "Making justice more accessible." In ICEGOV2014: 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2691195.2691284.

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Lameiras, Mariana, Maria João Costa, Delfina Soares, and Soumaya Ben Dhaou. "Key indicators for justice." In ICEGOV 2020: 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428632.

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Hasan, Syed Ziaul, Adam Stapleton, Eric Cadora, Promita Sengupta, and Mustafiz Rahman. "The Bangladesh Justice Audit." In ICEGOV '17: 10th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3047273.3047396.

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Almazán, Rodrigo Sandoval, and David Valle-Cruz. "Open Justice in Latin America." In ICEGOV '15-16: 9th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2910019.2910088.

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Netten, Niels, Susan van den Braak, Sunil Choenni, and Erik Leertouwer. "Elapsed times in criminal justice systems." In ICEGOV2014: 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2691195.2691264.

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Hyodo, Mariko, Shoji Itakura, and Michiteru Kitazaki. "Equity in distributive justice to virtual characters." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concepts, Theory and Applications (ICAICTA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaicta.2015.7335347.

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Syrykh, V. "The Rule-of-Law State and Justice: Theory and Practice." In The Rule-of-Law State and Justice: Theory and Practice, edited by V. Vlasenko. BIBCOM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/264441.

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Costanza-Chock, Sasha. "Design Justice: towards an intersectional feminist framework for design theory and practice." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.679.

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Reports on the topic "Justice theory"

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Schoff, Staci. Economic Inequality's Correlation with Political Inequality and Inequality of Opportunity and the Implications for Social Justice Theory. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.980.

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Byron, Amanda. Storytelling as Loving Praxis in Critical Peace Education: A Grounded Theory Study of Postsecondary Social Justice Educators. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.245.

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Anderson, James G. Lady Justice and the Corporate Visor: An Application of Routine Activity Theory as a Synthesized Theoretical Framework for Explaining Corporate Crime. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378703.

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Papenbrock, Thomas. JUSTIPEN: Japan US Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131428.

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Carter, Becky. Women’s and Girls’ Experiences of Security and Justice in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.077.

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This rapid review seeks to provide an overview of the publicly available literature from the academic, donor, and non-government organisation sources on women’s and girls’ experiences of statutory and customary security and justice in Somaliland. In Somaliland women and girls experience poor security, with high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and significant barriers to gender equality in the pluralistic legal system. The predominant clan-based customary justice system, along with conservative social norms and religious beliefs, discriminates against women and girls, while weak formal state institutions are not able to deliver accessible and effective justice for vulnerable and marginalised groups. Social stigma silences SGBV survivors and their families, with many rape crimes resolved through customary compensation or marriage. National and international organisations have undertaken various activities to promote gender equality in security and justice, with support provided to formal and informal security and justice institutions and actors at national and local levels, as well as initiatives to empower women and girls.
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Gordon, Eleanor, and Briony Jones. Building Success in Development and Peacebuilding by Caring for Carers: A Guide to Research, Policy and Practice to Ensure Effective, Inclusive and Responsive Interventions. University of Warwick Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-00-6.

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The experiences and marginalisation of international organisation employees with caring responsibilities has a direct negative impact on the type of security and justice being built in conflict-affected environments. This is in large part because international organisations fail to respond to the needs of those with caring responsibilities, which leads to their early departure from the field, and negatively affects their work while in post. In this toolkit we describe this problem, the exacerbating factors, and challenges to overcoming it. We offer a theory of change demonstrating how caring for carers can both improve the working conditions of employees of international organisations as well as the effectiveness, inclusivity and responsiveness of peace and justice interventions. This is important because it raises awareness among employers in the sector of the severity of the problem and its consequences. We also offer a guide for employers for how to take the caring responsibilities of their employees into account when developing human resource policies and practices, designing working conditions and planning interventions. Finally, we underscore the importance of conducting research on the gendered impacts of the marginalisation of employees with caring responsibilities, not least because of the breadth and depth of resultant individual, organisational and sectoral harms. In this regard, we also draw attention to the way in which gender stereotypes and gender biases not only inform and undermine peacebuilding efforts, but also permeate research in this field. Our toolkit is aimed at international organisation employees, employers and human resources personnel, as well as students and scholars of peacebuilding and international development. We see these communities of knowledge and action as overlapping, with insights to be brought to bear as well as challenges to be overcome in this area. The content of the toolkit is equally relevant across these knowledge communities as well as between different specialisms and disciplines. Peacebuilding and development draw in experts from economics, politics, anthropology, sociology and law, to name but a few. The authors of this toolkit have come together from gender studies, political science, and development studies to develop a theory of change informed by interdisciplinary insights. We hope, therefore, that this toolkit will be useful to an inclusive and interdisciplinary set of knowledge communities. Our core argument - that caring for carers benefits the individual, the sectors, and the intended beneficiaries of interventions - is relevant for students, researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.
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Melton, Patricia A. Enacting an Improved Response to Sexual Assault: A Criminal Justice Practitioner’s Guide. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.op.0066.2007.

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Sexual assault is a violent crime that traumatizes individual victims and endangers entire communities. Every victim of sexual assault deserves an opportunity for justice and access to the resources they need to recover from this trauma. In addition, many perpetrators of sexual assaults are serial offenders who also commit other violent crimes, including armed robberies, aggravated assaults, burglary, domestic violence, and homicides, against strangers and acquaintances. Criminal justice agencies have the power to create a strategic, sustainable plan for an improved response to sexual assault that aligns with current best practices and national recommendations. In this document, we define an “improved response” as an approach that supports effective investigation and prosecution of sexual assault cases, holds perpetrators accountable, and promotes healing and recovery for victims of sexual assault. This guide will help prosecutor and law enforcement agencies create a process with milestones, goals, and suggested actions, all designed to support a successful and sustainable approach for addressing sexual assault cases. Improving the criminal justice system’s response to sexual assault ultimately improves public safety and promotes trust between criminal justice agencies and the communities they serve.
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Haider, Huma. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation in the Western Balkans: Approaches, Impacts and Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.033.

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Countries in the Western Balkans have engaged in various transitional justice and reconciliation initiatives to address the legacy of the wars of the 1990s and the deep political and societal divisions that persist. There is growing consensus among scholars and practitioners that in order to foster meaningful change, transitional justice must extend beyond trials (the dominant international mechanism in the region) and be more firmly anchored in affected communities with alternative sites, safe spaces, and modes of engagement. This rapid literature review presents a sample of initiatives, spanning a range of sectors and fields – truth-telling, art and culture, memorialisation, dialogue and education – that have achieved a level of success in contributing to processes of reconciliation, most frequently at the community level. It draws primarily from recent studies, published in the past five years. Much of the literature available centres on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with some examples also drawn from Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia.
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9

Haider, Huma. Scalability of Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Interventions: Moving Toward Wider Socio-political Change. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.080.

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Literature focusing on the aftermath of conflict in the Western Balkans, notes that many people remain focused on stereotypes and prejudices between different ethnic groups stoking fear of a return to conflict. This rapid review examines evidence focussing on various interventions that seek to promote inter-group relations that are greatly elusive in the political realm in the Western Balkan. Socio-political change requires a growing critical mass that sees the merit in progressive and conciliatory ethnic politics and is capable of side-lining divisive ethno-nationalist forces. This review provides an evidence synthesis of pathways through which micro-level, civil-society-based interventions can produce ‘ripple effects’ in society and scale up to affect larger geographic areas and macro-level socio-political outcomes. These interventions help in the provision of alternative platforms for dealing with divisive nationalism in post-conflict societies. There is need to ensure that the different players participating in reconciliation activities are able to scale up and attain broader reach to ensure efficacy and hence enabling them to become ‘multiplier of peace.’ One such way is by providing tools for activism. The involvement of key people and institutions, who are respected and play an important role in the everyday life of communities and participants is an important factor in the design and success of reconciliation initiatives. These include the youth, objective media, and journalists. The transformation of conflict identities through reconciliation-related activities is theorised as leading to the creation of peace constituencies that support non-violent approaches to conflict resolution and sustainable peace The success of reconciliation interventions largely depends on whether it contributes to redefining otherwise antagonistic identities and hostile relationships within a community or society.
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10

Gupta, Shweta. DNA Fingerprinting: A Major Tool for Crime Investigation. Spring Library, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/nl.blog.24.

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DNA profiling has revolutionized the criminal justice system over the past decades. It has even enabled the law enforcement from exonerating people who have been convicted wrongfully of crimes which they did not commit.
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