Dissertations / Theses: 'Justice Systems and Administration'

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Isokun, M. I. "Administration of justice : a study of the Nigerian systems of justice in Bendel State, Nigeria." Thesis, Swansea University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637378.

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Jasie, Lauren. "Theorizing punishment rules and care in penal systems /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1576.

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Raymond, Lezelda. "Transformation of the juvenile justice system: A paradigm shift from a punitive justice system of the old order to a restorative justice systems of the new dispensation." University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this study was to critically examined the juvenile justice system with regard to the theory of restorative justice as a better alternative to the punitive system that recognizes the rights of children as human rights is in line with the convention on the rights of the child. This research looked at punishment as a penal option, which the court imposes on a person for committing a crime. By means of a case study with regards to the One Stop Youth Justice Centre in Port Elizabeth, this study argued that the restorative method of dealing with youth offenders is a better alternative in contrast to the punitive system.

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Bogard, Donald P. "An analysis of codified legal systems in the United States and unwritten legal systems in tribal Africa." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/560301.

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This study was a comparative analysis of the highly structured legal systems of the state of Indiana and the United States of America and the unwritten legal systems of the Ashanti, Barotse, Buganda, and Nuer tribes of Africa. The purpose was to review the similarities and differences in the way in which those legal systems are structured, the way they function, and the scope of their impact on their respective societies.Complex societies have governmental entities which perform different functions in the legal system, but tribal societies tend to have people who perform multifunctional roles. The key is to observe the system to see what functions are being performed, and not to observe the system only to see if the same types of entities are performing the functions in simple societies as in complex societies.The “law is whatever is needed in a particular society. Dispute resolution must be accomplished, but the absence of a formal system does not mean the there is absence of law.
Department of Anthropology

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Guilfoyle, Michael Hoag 1946. "Indians and criminal justice administration: The failure of the criminal justice system for the American Indian." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291683.

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The criminal justice administration has failed the American Indian. Since the usurpation of traditional tribal criminal justice management by the local, state, and federal criminal justice systems, the impacts of Indian crime have become epidemic. The American Indian has the highest arrest rates, alcohol-related crime, violent-related crime, and conviction rates of any group in the United States. Indians are 15% less likely to receive deferred sentences, and 15% less likely to receive parole. In addition, the Indian offender has the highest recidivism rate of any ethnic group in the United State. This paper discusses the problems of Indians in the criminal justice system at the adult and juvenile level. As recommendations it stresses the empowering of the Indian community, the greater autonomy of tribal courts, the concepts of alternative sentencing programs for Indian offenders, treatment as justice, and the idea that Indian people can take charge of this problem and do a better job in addressing their relatives.

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Ho, Vivian Wei Wun. "How should restorative justice be applied to the Hong Kong criminal justice system?" access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21324244a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, City University of Hong Kong, School of Law. Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 20, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.

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Stahlkopf, Christina. "Rhetoric or reality? : restorative justice in the youth justice system in England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c00ef572-167f-4f91-91a1-5687d26972f4.

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This thesis explores the recent introduction of restorative justice into the youth justice system in England. It examines the historical and political context from which current youth justice policies have emerged and aims to evaluate how this new system is functioning 'on the ground' several years after being implemented. Specifically, the primary aim of the research is to investigate final warnings and referral orders. The findings are based on an in-depth study of one Youth Offending Team (YOT). The research adopted a predominantly qualitative, case study based method utilizing techniques of observation, informal conversations, formal interviews with the young offenders and their supporters as well as with authority figures who are amongst those responsible for policy and practice in the youth justice system. The substantive chapters of this thesis focus on the delivery of final warnings, referral order panel meetings, victim participation, and the structural, cultural and political influences on YOT practice. This research concludes that at present, restorative practices in England are seriously compromised. However, simply because these programmes experience difficulties, they should not necessarily be considered a failure. The present failures in practice are not related to the philosophical foundation of these programmes or even to the way in which they have been set up. Rather, the current shortcomings in practice are due mostly to a failure of implementation on the part of the YOT. The final warning and referral order programmes, if improved, have the potential to become an effective first encounter with the criminal justice system and to impact positively on many first time offenders.

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Donley, Ryan Michelle. "Girls in the juvenile justice system." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=775.

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Lam, Po-wan Debora. "Gender-bias in Hong Kong juvenile justice system." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575539.

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Ghulam, Shakil Ahmed Ghulam Gadir. "Distributive justice vs. procedural justice: Perceptions of fairness of Saudi Arabian civil service employees in their performance appraisal system." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186110.

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This study uses the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice to examine Saudi Arabian civil service employees' determinants of fairness in their performance appraisal system. A survey of 400 civil service employees in different public sector agencies in two major cities of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh and Jeddah, was conducted. Seven hypotheses were proposed and tested. The composite dependent variable was the "Perceived satisfaction and fairness of the performance appraisal system." Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Multiple regressions and T-tests analyses were used to analyze the gathered data. The study found that perceptions of fairness among Saudi civil service employees an their performance appraisal system were strongly related to four procedural justice factors: (1) feedback received from the performance evaluation process helped to identify strengths and weaknesses of employees' performance, (2) the extent to which performance appraisal was used for setting goals for future performance, (3) participation in goal setting, and (4) whether the performance appraisal was used for determining training needs. These findings provide strong support for procedural justice theories. Moreover, this study found that cultural values may not be a significant factor in explaining Saudi civil service employees' reaction to their performance appraisal system. Finally, findings of this study have important implications for multinational companies and their consultants.

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Kam, Chun-keung. "The jury system : is it an ideal way to deal with complex serious crimes? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22032046.

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Zheng, Xi. "Reforming injustices within the criminal justice system in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR18856.

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Goodrum, Sarah Dugan. "Murder, bereavement, and the criminal justice system /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008338.

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Chan, Pui-yi. "The juvenile justice system in Hong Kong helpful or punitive? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975240.

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Chan, Pui-yi, and 陳佩儀. "The juvenile justice system in Hong Kong: helpful or punitive?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975240.

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Lam, Po-wan Debora, and 林寶雲. "Gender-bias in Hong Kong juvenile justice system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575539.

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Steels, Brian. "Declared guilty, a never-ending story: an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self." Thesis, Steels, Brian (2005) Declared guilty, a never-ending story: an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/323/.

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This study explores the experience of people who have been publicly declared guilty. It retells the narratives of offenders from the point of arrest through to conviction and, where relevant, imprisonment and release. The experiences of close relatives are also explored and provide an important part of the thesis. These accounts are set against the institutional context of the criminal justice system and a systemic account of police, courts, prisons and community corrections is provided. The main aim of the study is to investigate and document the impact of the criminal justice process on offenders' sense of 'self'. At a theoretical level, the study is informed by symbolic interactionism, particularly the work of Erving Goffman. This enables the development of insights into issues such as loss, shame, humiliation and loss of self. The asymmetrical power relationship in which these feelings are engendered and maintained is emphasised. At the same time, the study records the level and types of resistance among the subjects of the criminal justice system. The findings are significant for our sociological understandings of the impact of being declared guilty, for they suggest that the criminal justice process per se contributes to a severely damaged self, and that the subjective experience of 'being found guilty' starts at the moment of arrest and persists well after sentencing as subjects try to re-integrate into the community with a record of conviction. The study also suggests that these processes are not passively absorbed by subjects. As well as describing feelings of shame and loss, those participating in the research talked about the unfairness of the system, their preparedness to resist in numerous ways, and of their longing for an older, better life in which their sense of self was undamaged. The study concludes by arguing that profound change to the culture of the criminal justice system is needed if rehabilitation is to be successful. In this context it emphasises the importance of accountable and transparent human services concerned with the human and civil rights of offenders, court diversion schemes, alternatives to custody, and the practical application of restorative and therapeutic justice.

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Steels, Brian. "Declared guilty, a never-ending story : an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self /." Steels, Brian (2005) Declared guilty, a never-ending story: an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/323/.

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This study explores the experience of people who have been publicly declared guilty. It retells the narratives of offenders from the point of arrest through to conviction and, where relevant, imprisonment and release. The experiences of close relatives are also explored and provide an important part of the thesis. These accounts are set against the institutional context of the criminal justice system and a systemic account of police, courts, prisons and community corrections is provided. The main aim of the study is to investigate and document the impact of the criminal justice process on offenders' sense of 'self'. At a theoretical level, the study is informed by symbolic interactionism, particularly the work of Erving Goffman. This enables the development of insights into issues such as loss, shame, humiliation and loss of self. The asymmetrical power relationship in which these feelings are engendered and maintained is emphasised. At the same time, the study records the level and types of resistance among the subjects of the criminal justice system. The findings are significant for our sociological understandings of the impact of being declared guilty, for they suggest that the criminal justice process per se contributes to a severely damaged self, and that the subjective experience of 'being found guilty' starts at the moment of arrest and persists well after sentencing as subjects try to re-integrate into the community with a record of conviction. The study also suggests that these processes are not passively absorbed by subjects. As well as describing feelings of shame and loss, those participating in the research talked about the unfairness of the system, their preparedness to resist in numerous ways, and of their longing for an older, better life in which their sense of self was undamaged. The study concludes by arguing that profound change to the culture of the criminal justice system is needed if rehabilitation is to be successful. In this context it emphasises the importance of accountable and transparent human services concerned with the human and civil rights of offenders, court diversion schemes, alternatives to custody, and the practical application of restorative and therapeutic justice.

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Lin, Kam-hung Ernest Michael. "Treatments of rape victims in the criminal justice system." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14804529.

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Cockram, Judith. "Justice or differential treatment? : Adult offenders with an intellectual disability in the criminal justice system." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1532.

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The purpose of the study was to present a thorough examination of the extent of participation of adult offenders with an intellectual disability within all levels of the criminal justice system in Western Australia, that is, from arrest to charge, to court appearance and finally to conviction. Western Australia provides a unique opportunity to examine the operations of the criminal justice system, because it possesses comprehensive computerised data sources on offenders, and by utilising the State central register on people with disabilities; it was possible to include in the study a significant proportion of those people with an intellectual disability in Western Australia. The study was a longitudinal study over a ten-year period where it was possible to examine all levels of the criminal justice system, that is, from arrest to court appearance and finally to conviction and possible detention. In examining the different outcomes, it was also possible to control for the number and types of offences committed by first time offenders. In addition, the available data provided the opportunity to study the rate of recidivism of people with an intellectual disability compared with other offenders. Eight hundred and forty three individuals with an intellectual disability were tracked through the justice system and their experiences were compared with two thousand four hundred and forty two other offenders. At the first stage of the justice process, namely arrest, the study found that people with an intellectual disability were no more likely to be arrested and charged with a criminal offence than others within the general population. However, once they entered the system, they were subsequently rearrested at nearly double the rate compared with the non-disabled sample. In addition, it was found that there was substantial disparity in the offending profiles, at arrest, between the two groups. A notable finding was the difference in the charge pattern over time. Not only were people with an intellectual disability charged more often, they were charged at a far greater rate over the latter part of the study period, while arrests for the non-disabled sample were about the same over the two five year periods. It is suggested that the higher incidence of arrests during the period 1990-1994, may offer support for the view that the rise of arrests of people with an intellectual disability within the criminal justice system, has corresponded with the deinstitutionialisation of state facilities. At the next stage of the justice process, formal prosecution in the court, it was found that people with an intellectual disability appear to be treated differently in the types of penalties imposed, and the different penalties imposed for similar offences. It was also found that differing uses were made of alternatives to imprisonment. An important aspect of the study of offenders with an intellectual disability is the prevalence of recidivism. A considerably higher probability of re-arrest was found for offenders with an intellectual disability compared with other offenders, and the study canvassed several explanations for this higher recidivism rate. The conclusion of this study is that explanations of psychological and sociological disadvantage or the susceptibility hypothesis which have been put forward as possible reasons for people with an intellectual disability being over-represented in prison populations are not sufficient to account for the findings of this study. The fact that different outcomes were experienced by people with an intellectual disability as they proceeded through the criminal justice system is not inconsistent with the different treatment hypothesis. In addition there is strong evidence to suggest that the equality of services is a critical factor relevant to the rate of recidivism. A service model is recommended to assist in reducing the high rate of re-arrest of people with an intellectual disability.

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練錦鴻 and Kam-hung Ernest Michael Lin. "Treatments of rape victims in the criminal justice system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977935.

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Quinn, Peter. "Unenlightened efficiency the administration of the juvenile correction system in New South Wales, 1905-1988 /." Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/623.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004.
Title from title screen (viewed 7 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of History, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Connell, Barry Charles. "The K̀evin Egan' case : an analysis from a criminal justice system perspective /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B15967311.

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Schmersal, Larissa Angelique. "Pre-existing attitides about the legal system the thirteenth juror? /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Algheitta, Nasser Faraj. "Protecting human rights of the accused in the Libyan criminal justice system." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167958.

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International human rights law has witnessed considerable developments in the last decades both in normative terms and standard setting as well as in monitoring of state observance and compliance. The ECtHR and the former Commission have taken a leading role in the development of human rights due to the extensive case law the Strasbourg institutions have produced. Human rights of the accused in the criminal proceedings had its share of such a development. The court in its assessment of various national systems in their adherence to the rights enshrined in the convention has interpreted the rights progressively and the result is a vast case law regarding the right of the accused to fair trial, to liberty and the right to private life. The central theme of this work is to examine the Libyan criminal justice system in its attempt to protect the rights of those accused of a criminal offence in the light of the developments pioneered by inter-state organs especially the ECtHR. The thesis focuses on the most pressing issues where the Libyan system does appear to be at odd with the international standards of fair trial. Therefore the scope of this work has been limited to examine the protection of the right to liberty and the right to fair hearing. In doing so, it starts with a chapter introducing the reader to the Libyan system and outlining the main features and principles governing the criminal justice system. The thesis also examines the human rights situation in general and how the political and constitutional arrangements have affected the human rights situation in the country. The protection of the right to liberty and pre-trial detention is examined in chronological order starting from the initial arrest by the police till the accused is referred to the court for trial. To evaluate the extent to which the Libyan system does protect the right to liberty, the study first, examines the procedural guarantees available in the criminal process and second to ascertain whether these domestic procedures as compared to the standards developed by the ECtHR and the Human Rights Committee are of acceptable international standards. The principle of equality of arms and the principle of adversarial proceedings as developed by the European court are an integral part of the right to fair trial and these principles are the focus of this thesis. The special position the public prosecution authority occupies, the wide power it has under the Libyan system, the heavy reliance on the pretrial evidence “the dossier evidence” and the marginal role of the defence lawyer have been diagnosed to be the major problems of the system which pose serious challenges to whether the system can uphold fairness and adhere to the requirement of adversarial proceedings. The study suggests that in the light of the examination of the Libyan system, it is apparent that it suffers from major weaknesses and shortcomings and is in need of reform. In order to ensure a better protection of the rights of accused persons, certain measures need to be introduced. However, the study also acknowledges the Libyan system has a number of strong points and these should be taken into account in any future reform. Instead of arguing for a radical change, the study suggests that any proposed reform should build upon the system’s traditions and experience. Reform should on one hand, lay the ground for a more participatory role for the defence lawyer from the early stages of the proceedings, backed by more judicial supervision of the conduct of police and prosecution in the pre-trial stage. On the other hand, the study argues the system’s belief in the positive role of the trial judge is a valuable guarantee of justice which should be retained. The study’s focus on the implications of the Strasbourg case law for the Libya system has not deterred it from seeking lessons and insights from the development of international justice and Islamic law jurisprudence.

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Reilly, Mary Grace. "Evaluation of the impact created by unification of the Pennsylvania judicial system in the administration of the Thirty First Judicial District, Court of Common Pleas." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1991.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2958. Abstract precedes thesis as [1] preliminary leaf. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 44).

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Kobor, Susanne. "Bargaining in the criminal justice systems of the United States and Germany a matter of justice and administrative efficiency within legal, cultural context." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987439081/04.

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MacCready, Stacy D. "Food, farming, and our justice system| Horticulture programs in correctional settings." Thesis, University of La Verne, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3648372.

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Purpose. The purpose of this research was to examine how inmate horticulture programs have emerged and have been replicated in an effort to rehabilitate individuals, curtail spending, and reduce recidivism. The research explores how food justice and drug policy intersect, examining the roles of classism and racism and taking note of factors influencing recidivism.

Theoretical Framework. Diffusion of innovation analyzes the adoption of a new idea, technique, product, or service, focusing on how it is communicated and adopted by a social system over a period of time. It is necessary to understand the relationship among culture, values, existing practices, and political/social/environmental climate in order to facilitate the adoption of a new innovation.

Methodology. The researcher employed a mixed methods research design. The researcher performed a historical review of policies and events that led to the overcrowding of prisons and the criminalization of certain substances. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals involved with inmate horticulture programs. Elements included in the study are the variation between programs and their perceived efficacy, challenges, and barriers.

Findings. Research findings revealed inmate horticulture programs fall into different areas of focus; innovative programs have blended components to provide integrated services. Five primary archetypes were identified: rehabilitative/therapeutic, punitive/labor, vocational, cost savings, and sustainability. Collaboration was crucial in framing the conversation, determining the skillsets of those involved, and the best way to leverage resources. Challenges to diffusing therapeutic inmate horticulture programs stem from social and political inflexibility.

Conclusions and Recommendations. The social construction of an issue or population impacts the political response, framing of issues, and type of media attention received. The amount of public demand to address the policy issue and federal government involvement influence the adoption and diffusion of innovations. The community benefits from horticulture programs, because former inmates are less likely to commit crimes or victimize people if they have been exposed to rehabilitative programs that prepare them for job opportunities upon release. Well-rounded programs give participants an understanding of food justice, horticulture, leadership, restoration, and healing and access to wraparound services.

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Black, Stephen Phillip. "Invisible presences : the routine processing of the lay prosecution witness in the English and Welsh criminal justice system." Thesis, University of Northampton, 1996. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2713/.

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Connell, Barry Charles. "The ��Kevin Egan' case: an analysis from a criminal justice system perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977893.

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Singer, Kate. "Aboriginal injustice, a Canadian reponsibility : an Algonquian perspective of Canada's criminal justice system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63368.pdf.

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Palk, Deirdre E. P. "Gender, crime and discretion in the English criminal justice system, 1780s to 1830s." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30725.

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Historians of English crime and criminal justice agree that females are more leniently treated by the criminal justice system. Fewer females are prosecuted for unlawful activities, and, when they are, they are more readily acquitted, or receive lighter sentences than males. However, reasons for this remain elusive. References to the paternalism of those involved in the system, together with notions about masculinity and femininity in a patriarchally ordered society, have been offered in the absence of other more focused and systematic evidence.;This thesis follows a systematic enquiry about three crimes which attributed the death sentence - shoplifting, pickpocketing, and uttering forged Bank of England notes. The period of the study covers the 1780s to the 1830s, and is centred on London and Middlesex. It considers involvement in each crime by gender. The approach seeks to avoid the over-generalisation resulting from synthesis of statistics for a wide variety of offences, and to allow a clearer view of how men and women operated in committing offences. This systematic approach follows the offenders involved in the three crimes through the criminal justice system, so far as it is possible to do so, since the public trial and sentencing at the Old Bailey were not the end of the decision-making story. Previous studies have largely neglected to follow-through to the stage of commutation of sentences and pardons where influences on the decision-makers differed from those on decision-makers at earlier stages of the system.;In particular, this thesis focuses on the gendered context of the specific behaviour of male and female offenders in the selected offences, on the effects of a patriarchal system of justice, and on the needs of the State to make political decisions about the disposal of offenders.

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Teang, Pa Nguon Baker Iljas. "Criminal justice system as an obstacle to democratic development in Cambodia /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd394/4537438.pdf.

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Pfaltzgraff, Rhonda E. "Intergroup structures, systemic justice and organizational withdrawal : the development of new constructs and preliminary investigation of a model /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487950658546055.

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Yau, Shu-fung Dave. "A consumer study of the impact of the criminal justice system on the young offenders' criminal career /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13990895.

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Kam, Chun-keung, and 甘晉強. "The jury system: is it an ideal way to deal with complex serious crimes?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978940.

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Eastwood, Christine J. "Surviving child sexual abuse and the criminal justice system." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36578/1/36578_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines the experiences of twelve young women involved in the prosecution of childhood sexual abuse. On the substantive level, the significant criminal justice processes as well as the consequences of their involvement in the justice system are discussed. In order to accurately reflect the depth and power of the stories of the young women, the methodology involves a six-stage interview process with each participant, and also incorporates data gathered from parents, fresh complaint witnesses, court support workers and legal personnel. On the theoretical level, the study focuses on the manner in which the justice process intersects with the interconnected identities of female, child and person who has been sexually assaulted. Basically, this thesis argues that the criminal justice system is not only unable to deal with the psychological and developmental needs of the female child who has been sexually abused, but indeed, the process itself further abuses the child. In an area fraught with ethical and legal difficulties, the ground-breaking nature of this research emanates from the experiences of the young women as told from their own perspectives. This thesis is further reinforced by the strong theoretical analysis and framework which encourages new ways of conceptualising their experiences. The thesis concludes with some recommendations which may improve the future treatment of child complainants of sexual abuse in the justice system, and also identifies suggestions for further research.

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Sayous, Benjamin. "La justice restaurative. Aspects criminologiques et processuels." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2011/document.

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Introduite dans le Code de procédure pénale par la loi n° 2014-896 du 15 août 2014 relative à l'individualisation des peines et renforçant l'efficacité des sanctions pénales, à l'article 10-1, la justice restaurative rejoint désormais l'ensemble des réponses socio-pénales que le système de justice pénale français peut mobiliser pour répondre aux conséquences et aux répercussions du phénomène criminel. Depuis le 1er octobre 2014, date d'entrée en vigueur de l'article 10-1 du Code de procédure pénale, toute personne victime ou auteur d'une infraction pénale peut se voir proposer une mesure de justice restaurative, dans toute procédure pénale et à tous les stades de la procédure. Insérée dans le titre préliminaire du Code de procédure pénale, dans un sous-titre II "De la justice restaurative", la possibilité d'un tel recours à une mesure de justice restaurative prend place parmi les grands principes qui irriguent la procédure pénale et montre l'ambition du législateur en faveur de la justice restaurative présentée comme une des réponses à la crise que traverse le système de justice pénale actuel. Toutefois, au-delà de cette seule possibilité, se pose la question de la place que la justice restaurative peut occuper au sein de ce système, en particulier en ce qui concerne son institutionnalisation concrète et pratique. La démonstration de la forte complémentarité existant entre justice restaurative et justice pénale, au service d'un système de justice pénale répondant pleinement aux attentes des justiciables, ouvre la voie à une application conjointe de mesures de justice issues spécifiquement des deux modèles de justice. Il peut en résulter un système reposant sur une application conjointe de mesure de justice restaurative et de justice pénale et permettant un traitement différentiel, à la fois du conflit de nature infractionnelle et des attentes criminologiques et juridiques des personnes concernées. Cette approche, mise en perspective avec les initiatives naissantes de programmes en France, présente l'avantage de ne pas nécessiter d'importantes modifications du système de justice pénale. Elle consiste en la construction d'une offre locale de justice restaurative, complète et disponible, structurée par des organismes de coordination du partenariat sur lequel elle repose. Elle se manifeste actuellement, tant à l'échelon local, à travers la création de Services régionaux de justice restaurative (SRJR), qu'à l'échelon national, à travers les actions de l'Institut Français pour la Justice Restaurative (IFJR), aux côtés des principales fédérations et administrations concernées
The law n° 2014-896 of August 15th 2014 on “Individualization of penalties and for strengthening the effectiveness of criminal sanctions” introduced in the Criminal Procedure Code restorative justice. From now on, it belongs to the socio-criminal responses proposed by the French criminal justice system to respond to the consequences and impact of the criminal phenomenon. Since October 1th 2014, the date of entry into force of the law, a “restorative justice measure” may be proposed to any victim or offender during every criminal procedure and at all stages of the proceedings. Inserted in the preliminary title of the Code of Criminal Procedure, subtitle II, entitled "About restorative justice", the possibility of such recourse to a restorative justice measure takes place among the great principles that define the criminal procedure and shows the French legislator ambition for restorative justice, which is presented as a possible answer to the criminal justice system current crisis. However, it raises the question of the place of restorative justice in this system, especially with regard to its concrete and practical institutionalization. The demonstration of the strong complementarity between restorative justice and criminal justice to create a criminal justice system that fully meets the expectations of victims and offenders pleads in favour of a joint implementation of legal measures from these two models of justice. This can lead to a system, based on a joint application of restorative justice and criminal justice, and permitting differential treatment, both of the criminal conflict and of the criminological and legal needs of individuals. This approach, put into perspective with the emerging program initiatives in France, has the advantage of not requiring major changes to the criminal justice system. It involves the construction of a local offer of restorative justice, complete and fully available, structured by coordinating bodies from the parternership the offer is based on.. This approach is currently visible at the local level, through the creation of Restorative Justice Regional Services (SRJR), as at the national level, through the actions of the French Institute for Restorative Justice (IFJR), with the main federations and administrations

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39

Cook, Alison. "Individual vs. systemic justice using trust and moral outrage to predict reactions to vigilante murder /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4379.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 1, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Lean, Sandra. "Hidden in plain view : the impact of popular beliefs and perceptions, held as factual knowledge about the Criminal Justice System, on incidences of wrongful accusation and conviction." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11691.

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Available research demonstrates that public perceptions and beliefs about the Criminal Justice System (CJS) differ from its actual processes and procedures, but there is little research on the effects of such a difference, specifically with regard to wrongful accusation and/or conviction of factually innocent persons, and their families. Perceptions and beliefs, held as reliable and accurate knowledge, may impact on wrongful accusation/conviction of the factually innocent, both on the lived experiences of wrongly accused/convicted persons themselves, and on perceptions held about them (and responses to calls for case reviews) within the wider public. Although a great deal of research has been carried out on the subject of wrongful conviction generally, this has focussed, in the main, on legal, procedural and structural causes of wrongful conviction, and, in particular, on a small number of ‘high profile’ cases. This research examines perceptions and beliefs held as knowledge by individuals claiming to be factually innocent, wrongly accused/convicted persons, and the results of attempts to employ such perceptions and beliefs to maintain claims of innocence. Further, the experiences of family and friends of the wrongly convicted, whose lives continue in the community following the conviction of their family member, are examined, with particular attention to the interface of beliefs and perceptions between such families and the wider community. To a lesser extent, the role of the media, in shaping public opinion, the effects of media coverage on trial procedures and outcomes, and non-reporting or selective reporting is also addressed. A series of semi-structured interviews was carried out throughout the UK, with wrongly accused/convicted persons, family members of those individuals, and members of groups and organisations working to highlight the problems of wrongful accusation and conviction. A survey aimed at examining key perceptions and beliefs, held as factual knowledge about the CJS within the wider public, was also conducted. The analysis of the data indicated that not only do individuals and families attempt to employ erroneous perceptions and beliefs as factual knowledge in cases of wrongful accusation and conviction, but that such attempts feed into and support the case against the wrongly accused (in direct opposition to the aims and objectives of those employing them). Furthermore, knowledge of the actual workings of the CJS (held by CJS actors) can be, and is, used to exploit the ignorance of those so accused, and their family members. This is made possible because legal meanings of key words and phrases are vastly different from their commonly understood meanings, a factor known only to CJS actors, and not, generally, to the wider public. Political rhetoric and media representations support and reinforce those commonly held understandings, simultaneously maintaining the inaccessible code of actual CJS processes, thereby influencing public perceptions of those who are accused and convicted.

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Donald, Roderick Kevin. "A crisis of modernity, a possibility of hope : anthropological interpretations of case histories in the American criminal justice system /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9977900.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-252). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Ward, Gerald Lee. "Electronic Warrant Systems: The Effect of Advanced Technologies on Arrest Performance." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2703.

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Public safety is negatively affected when arrest warrant information is not available to law enforcement officers, judges, prosecutors, and other criminal justice practitioners. The U.S. Government and the criminal justice community have advocated for electronic warrant systems (e-warrants). Peace officers know that when e-warrant systems deliver warrant information to them immediately from multiple jurisdictions, their safety is increased. However, the factors that cause these e-warrants systems to improve safety are not known. The purpose of this historical data analysis study was to determine if the use of e-warrant systems resulted in shorter clearance times than the use of legacy paper-based systems. Stakeholder theory, open systems theory, and service-oriented architecture theory were used to guide the quantitative research design. This study compared 2 years of historical arrest warrants from 6 sheriffs' departments organized into population matched sets. Two-way ANOVA tests and nonparametric tests were conducted to analyze the impact of the independent variables warrant system type and case type on the dependent variables mean service days and percent warrants served. The study showed that operating e-warrant systems in similar size sample agencies did not ensure shorter mean service days and higher percent warrants served over legacy systems, and it confirmed that more research is needed to determine other factors that will lead to an improvement in these variables. The findings of this study may assist agency executives and justice practitioners to identify other variables that may increase effectiveness of e-warrant systems, thereby improving public and officer safety, both important social benefits.

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McKinney, Kimberlina N. "The punishment of other people's children: an investigative look at our juvenile justice system and its structural shortcomings." Scripps College, 2007. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,9.

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The juvenile justice system has been criticized for its inability to curb the trend of juvenile crime and its continued ignorance to the valuable resources of community-based rehabilitation and treatment programs. The goal of this research paper is to discover new solutions to the structural shortcomings of the juvenile justice system and present my findings on the reasons for its contradictive structure and practices.

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Butler, Colleen. "Intercultural conflict styles in the criminal justice system and the implications for intercultural interventions." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/756.

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This thesis explored the communication and conflict style contrasts between criminal justice professionals and African American defendants that can interfere with the equitable administration of justice in the criminal justice system in Dane County, Wisconsin. The focus of this research was on the potential conflict style contrasts between criminal justice professionals and African Americans because the racial disparity in the incarceration rate was greatest for African Americans. This research project began from the premise that the racial incarceration rate disparity was caused in part by differences in cultural conflict and communication styles, and it explored the intersection of power differentials and cultural conflict and communication style differentials. The study employed the Intercultural Conflict Style Inventory, courtroom observations, and two focus groups. One focus group was composed of professionals in the criminal justice system from Dane County, Wisconsin, and the other of African Americans who have been impacted negatively by this system. All findings were used to develop specific training recommendations to help criminal justice professionals to understand conflict and communication style preferences with the intention of decreasing the disparate treatment of members of the African American community. The combined research strategies suggested that the primary culture of the criminal justice system was consistent with European American cultural preferences for low-context, direct, and emotionally restrained communication and conflict styles, which contrasts with the general preference of the African American culture for a more emotionally expressive engagement style. While this research did not specifically indicate that intercultural miscommunication directly impacts the equitable distribution of justice in Dane County, it did suggest that cultural contrasts may be one variable contributing to the inequitable distribution of justice.

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Marques, Erik Macedo. "Acesso à justiça: estudo de três juizados especiais cíveis de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-25052007-144857/.

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Os Juizados Especiais Cíveis são atualmente no Brasil a principal experiência para a efetivação do acesso à justiça, constituindo-se em uma via judiciária estatal de baixo custo e fácil acesso aos cidadãos para a solução de seus conflitos e garantia de seus direitos. Pesquisas e levantamentos sobre o desempenho desse modelo indicam que, ao invés de conflitos cotidianos, é cada vez maior a presença de demandas de consumidores contra prestadores de serviço público. A presente dissertação analisa os tipos de autores, reclamados e ações interpostas em três Juizados Especiais Cíveis localizados em regiões de diferentes perfis sócio-econômicos do Município de São Paulo com o objetivo de verificar a presença deste tipo de litígio e a hipótese se esses Juizados tornaram-se de fato um \"balcão de reclamações\" contra a prestação de serviços públicos.
Currently, in Brazil, the Small Claims Courts are the main experience of effectiveness in access to justice. They are state judiciary institutions that offer low costs and easy access to the citizens for the solution of their conflicts and guarantee of their rights. Researches and surveys on this model\'s performance indicate that there is an increasing presence of demands from consumers against private agents that render public services, instead of other daily conflicts. The present study analyzes the types of plaintiffs, defendants and judicial actions in three Small Claims Courts located in regions of different social-economic profiles in São Paulo City. The aim is to verify the presence of this type of litigation and the hypothesis whether these Courts had become in fact a \" claims counter\" against private agents that render public services.

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Shum, Kai-shing. "A study of harsh officials (Ku Li) and the legal system in Han China = Han Dai ku li yu fa zhi yan jiu /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24736004.

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Jackson, Justin A. "The effect of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution on the Hamilton County criminal justice system." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/622.

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Chasin, Ana Carolina da Matta. "Uma simples formalidade: estudo sobre a experiência dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-04072008-104453/.

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O trabalho apresenta um estudo acerca do Juizado Especial Cível, instituição do sistema de justiça responsável por apurar causas cíveis consideradas de menor complexidade (pequenas causas). Orientado pelos princípios de oralidade, simplicidade, informalidade, economia processual e celeridade, o juizado constitui a primeira experiência em nível nacional de informalização da justiça. Objetivando-se entender a estrutura e a dinâmica de funcionamento do juizado, dois recortes foram realizados: um cronológico e um sincrônico. No primeiro deles, é realizada uma análise da construção institucional do juizado. Partindo do contexto internacional em que se constitui o movimento de acesso à justiça, foram abordados o surgimento e a estruturação do juizado brasileiro. Sua implementação esteve condicionada à tensão entre dois elementos, que, em diferentes momentos, apareceram de modo mais ou menos acentuados: a busca de ampliação do acesso e o alívio da sobrecarga da justiça comum. Na década de 1980, o primeiro assume maior destaque; nos anos 1990, verifica-se uma inflexão e o elemento de alívio da carga judiciária progressivamente obscurece a dimensão do acesso. O segundo recorte foi a compreensão do funcionamento atual do juizado. Foram selecionadas duas unidades da cidade de São Paulo: uma situada na área central e outra na zona leste. A pesquisa observou a dinâmica de diferentes etapas processuais, atendo-se principalmente às audiências de conciliação. A análise focou a atuação dos conciliadores e dos juizes, o conteúdo das sessões e a relação entre as partes. Constatou-se que, em geral, as conciliações envolvem apenas negociações de valores, em detrimento de discussões de direito. Além disso, a assimetria das relações entre as partes destacou-se através do exame de elementos de desigualdade nos casos observados. Finalmente, apontou-se o Projeto Expressinho - resolução pré-processual de reclamações envolvendo empresas cadastradas - como exemplo das tendências postas em curso pelas propostas de reforma do sistema de justiça.
This work is a study about the small claims court, the Brazilian justice system institution responsible for claims considered to be less complex (small claims). Oriented by the principles of orality, simplicity, informality, economy of proceedings and celerity, the small claims courts is the first Brazilian national experience related to the justice informalization. In order to understand the small claims court structure and its functional dynamics, two approachs were designed: a chronological one and other on synchronical basis. The first approach is an analysis of the institutional construction of the small claims courts. After examining the international context in which the access to justice movement was constituted, the study then deals with the formation and structuring of the Brazilian small claims court. Its implementation has been conditioned by the tension between two elements that, at different times, arose in more or less greater degrees of intensity: the pursuit of wider access to justice and the relief of the regular court overload. In the 1980\'s, the first element was given more emphasis, and then in the 1990\'s, there was a modification, in which the element of regular court relief progressively obscured the dimension of access to justice. The second approach of the study consists in comprehending the current small claims court\'s operation. For that two small claims court units located in the city of São Paulo were selected: one downtown and another in an eastern district of the city. The research consisted of observation of the dynamics of different procedural stages, concentrating mainly on the conciliation audience. The analysis focuses on the conciliator\'s and judge\'s performance, the subjects of the sessions and the relation between the parties. It was verified that, generally, the conciliation involves just value negotiating, regardless of rights debate. Also, the assymmetry between the parties stands out by the examination of inequalities at the observed cases. Finally, the Project \"Expressinho\" - pre-process resolution of claims, involving some registered enterprises - was pointed out as an example to demonstrate some of the trends of the justice system reform proposals.

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Atlas, Robin Michelle. "Treatment of mentally ill juvenile offenders in the criminal justice system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2927.

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Mentally ill juveniles who are incarcerated in correctional facilities receive minimal or no treatment services. The research in this thesis determines that mentally ill juvenile offenders receive inadequate treatment. It also determined that juvenile correctional officers as well as others in the criminal justice system are not trained properly to deal with mentally ill juveniles.

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Gultekin, Kubra O'Connor Brian C. "Knowledge management and law enforcement an examination of knowledge management strategies of the police information system (POLNET) in the Turkish National Police /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11040.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Justice Systems and Administration'

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