Relevant bibliographies by topics / Justice Residence

Academic literature on the topic 'Justice Residence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Justice Residence"

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Appleby, Joanna, Dr Matthew Shepherd, and Dr Barbara Staniforth. "Speaking the same language: Navigating information-sharing in the youth justice sphere." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss1id537.

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Introduction: Qualitative research was undertaken to explore professionals’ experiences of cross-sector information-sharing about the mental health needs of young people in youth justice residences in Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods: Eight focus groups (N = 36) were conducted across Aotearoa New Zealand. Half of these were with case leaders from each of the four Oranga Tamariki – Ministry for Children – youth justice residences. The other half were with youth forensic service (YFS) clinicians who provide mental health services in each youth justice residence. Findings: The findings showed positive cross-sector relationships, despite a lack of policy around information-sharing in this context. Themes from case leaders included the practicalities of the residential environment (including restriction on young people’s freedoms and managing group safety), and case leaders’ brokerage role between competing theoretical frameworks in residence. Themes from YFS clinicians included the importance of cross-sector information-sharing for the assessment and discharge phases of mental health input. Overall themes included the impact of relationships on information-sharing, and the importance of including residential care team staff within information-sharing practices. A proposed model of information-sharing in this context has been developed.Conclusions: Effective information-sharing in youth justice residences is imperative to ensure that young people receive appropriate mental health input in residences, and that residence staff are supported to provide the best care for these young people. Social work has an important role within information-sharing practices with use of systems theory, translation of clinical jargon, and advocacy for the needs of young people involved in multiple systems.
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Bobrzyńska, Olga. "Miejsce zwykłego pobytu dziecka — uwagi na tle wyroków Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 28 czerwca 2018 r. (C-512/17) oraz z dnia 17 października 2018 r. (C-393/18 PPU)." Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego 27 (December 29, 2020): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pppm.2020.27.12.

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In cases C-512/17 and C-393/18 PPU, the national courts raised doubts as to the significance of the circumstances that should be taken into account in determining the habitual residence of a child. In particular the issue was whether the child’s physical presence is a prerequisite in order to recognize that a child has his habitual residencein the country concerned. In its judgment of 17 October 2018, the Court of Justice found that a child must be physically present in a Member State in order to be regarded as habitually resident in that Member State. The parent’s intention cannot be assigned a decisive role. The arguments in this respect are consistent with the interpretation of the concept of habitual residence laid out in the earlier judgment of 28 June 2018, in which the Court of Justice connected the habitual residence of the child with the place where the centre of that child’s life is actually situated, and not with the place where the child would have lived in accordance with the plans of one of the parents. The Court’s interpretation can be attributed to the so-called combined model of determining a habitual residence by looking for child’s centre of interest, taking into account a number of circumstances, including the intention of parents with parental responsibility. Physical presence has rightly been recognized as a necessary condition for establishing jurisdiction under Regulation No 2201/2003 based on habitual residence.
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Ryan, Bernard. "Selective Citizenship: How the Court of Justice Linked Security of Residence to Integration." European Journal of Migration and Law 21, no. 3 (August 7, 2019): 374–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12340056.

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Abstract This article examines the case-law of the Court of Justice concerning security of residence for EU citizens and family members under Directive 2004/38. The relevant provisions of the Directive confer a right of permanent residence, and enhanced protection against expulsion, upon longer-term residents. It is argued that, in interpreting these provisions from 2006 onwards, the Court of Justice adopted a discourse which conceived of the rights as dependent on an individual’s social integration. The initial effect of the Court’s ‘turn’ to integration was benign, as it supported the retrospective extension of permanent residence, and ensured the efficacy of enhanced protection against expulsion. Later, however, the Court would treat integration as a precondition, in ways which would limit the rights of long-term residents who were not economically active or self-sufficient, or who had been sentenced to periods of imprisonment. That Court’s integration discourse was presumably influenced by developments in policy concerning third-country nationals at the state level which had linked immigration status to integration tests. The result was a selective approach to security of residence, which tended to deny protection to persons whose presence was unlikely to be favoured by Member States.
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Dragišić, Radmila. "The concept of habitual residence in selected sources of EU private international law and jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union: Functional approach versus strict textualism." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 61, no. 94 (2022): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn1-37590.

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The concept of habitual residence is an important connecting factor in contemporary EU Private International Law (EU PIL). In this paper, the author examines this concept through content analysis and comparative analysis of selected sources of EU PIL and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The author inevitably refers to the Regulations Rome I and Rome II, which provide a conceptual definition of habitual residence of legal and natural persons (in the context of performing economic activities). Unlike the sources of law pertaining to personal status, these Regulations did not leave the concept of habitual residence indefinite. The author underscores the importance of recitals from the acquis corpus. Being part of the preamble of the sources of EU law, they serve as basic guidelines for the Court of Justice when providing guidance to national courts on criteria for determining what is to be considered a habitual residence in different situations. The author further points out to the positions taken by the Court of Justice in its judgments in cases C-80/19 and C-289/20, regarding the possibility of disposing of multiple habitual residences, as well as the position taken in the judgment of 27 April 2016 in case C -528/14 on the question of whether a natural person can simultaneously have a habitual residence in an EU Member State and in a third country. In the final remarks, the author presents key considerations on the functional approach to this concept in view of ensuring an autonomous, uniform and consistent definition.
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Niesten, Hannelore. "Case X v. Staatssecretaris van Financiën: Fractional Allocation of Personal and Family Tax Benefits for EU Resident Individuals with Multi-State Income." EC Tax Review 26, Issue 4 (July 1, 2017): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2017022.

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According to the well-established principles of the Schumacker-doctrine, a source state does not have to grant personal and family tax benefits, applicable for its own residents, unless (1) the non-resident earns ‘all or almost all’ his family income in the working state, and (2) the income in the residence state is insufficient to take into account the personal and family circumstances. This article critically analyses the judgment of the Court of Justice in the X-case, where the Court had to decide about the last so-called ‘income requirement’ of the Schumacker-doctrine in a multi-state situation. As the residence state could not take into account the personal and family situation, the Court insisted that the personal and family tax benefits should be allocated on a pro rata basis.
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Oosterom-Staples, Helen. "Residence Rights for Caring Parents who are also Victims of Domestic Violence." European Journal of Migration and Law 19, no. 4 (December 11, 2017): 396–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12340015.

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Abstract Traditionally, parents determine their children’s right to reside in a host-State. This means that a child’s right to remain in a host-State is intrinsically linked to the presence of those parents in their host-State. This changed for the eu Member States with the Court of Justice’s ruling in the Baumbast case and was extended in that Court’s Chen ruling. In these cases the Court of Justice, as a first step, acknowledged children as independent bearers of residence rights. To ensure the effectiveness of this right to remain, the Court of Justice, as a second step, reasoned that a third-country national parent also enjoys a right to remain in that Member State if that parent is their primary carer. These rulings play a crucial role in the Court of Justice’s recent decision in the na case. Although Article 13(2) of the Citizens Directive provides for a right to remain as a victim of domestic violence, it is not in this capacity but rather her capacity of the primary carer of two young eu-citizens that ensures her a right to remain in her host-Member State after the departure of her eu-citizen spouse. This contribution seeks an alternative reading of Article 13(2)(c) of the Citizens Directive to that offered by the Court of Justice in the na case. Arguments are found in that Directive’s objectives, drafting history and effectiveness; benchmarks normally used by the Court of Justice in its case law when clarifying the scope of eu free movement rights, as well as that Court’s case law on the declaratory nature of those rights.
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Bideshi, Davison. "Residence, Democracy, and Substantive Justice: Toward an Integrative Approach." International Review of Sociology 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 413–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2020.1807247.

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Trotsuk, I. V. "Justice as a criterion for assessing the ‘quality’ of urban space (and the happiness of its residents)." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 704–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-3-704-714.

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The article is a review-reflection on the book by D. Harvey Social Justice and the City (Moscow: New Literary Review; 2018). Despite the fact that social justice is in the title of the book as its focus, the researcher of justice would be disappointed, because justice is rather a cross-cutting idea of the political-economic analysis of the spatial organization of the city; however, the results of this analysis would inevitably make the reader think in terms of justice-injustice. Such a presentation of justice together with the eclectic text can become advantages of the book for researchers of social well-being: if the place of residence is a criterion of life satisfaction, the quality of the place of residence (including fair urban planning and the type of social differentiation of the urban space) significantly influences social well-being, which the author shows very convincingly in both liberal and socialist (in his terms) discourses, but clearly prefers the Marxist methodology supplemented by some other conceptual approaches.
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Berneri, Chiara. "Ewaen Fred Ogieriakhi v. Minister for Justice and Equality, Ireland." European Public Law 21, Issue 3 (August 1, 2015): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2015025.

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One of the key innovations of Directive 2004/38 EC is the introduction of Article 16 on the right of permanent residence in the host EU Member States of EU citizens and their third-country national family members. For the first time EU citizens and their third-country national family members, regardless of whether they are engaged in employment, are eligible to the right of permanent residence after having resided in the host Member State for a continuous period of five years. The acquisition of the right of permanent residence grants EU citizens and their family members’ enhanced protection against expulsion. In addition, those who have such a right shall enjoy equal treatment with the nationals of that Member State also in terms of social benefits and tax credits. The advantages deriving from this provision led many EU citizens and third-country nationals to try rely on it in different circumstances. For this reason, often, national courts have found it necessary to stay proceedings and refer to the Court of Justice of the European Union in order to seek clarifications regarding its application. This occurred also in Case C-244/13, Ogieriakhi v. Minister for Justice and Equality.
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Linde Paniagua, Enrique. "La libertad de circulación de los ciudadanos europeos : los nuevosretos más allá de la supresión de los controles fronterizos = Free movement of european citizens : new challenges beyond the border controls suppression." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 32 (July 1, 2013): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.32.2013.11784.

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La constante expansión del mercado interior de la Unión Europea está desbordando las estrictas previsiones que se deducirían para el derecho a la libertad de circulación y residencia regulada en el Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea y en el derecho derivado. Así, a la primigenia conexión del derecho a la libertad de circulación y residencia con la eliminación de las fronteras interiores han sucedido en la actualidad las múltiples conexiones de dicho derecho con el derecho fiscal, los derechos de la personalidad, la educación y la sanidad, tal y como acredita la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. Esas son las nuevas fronteras que deberán ser afrontadas por el Derecho de la Unión para lograr una ciudadanía plena.The steady expansion of the internal market of the European Union is overflowing the strict provisions that would be deducted for the right to freedom of movement and residence regulated in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and legislation. Thus, the primal connection of the right to freedom of movement and residence with the elimination of controls on persons at internal borders have happened today the multiple connections of this right with the tax law, rights of personality, the education and health, as proving the Court of Justice of the European Union. These are the new frontiers that must be addressed by EU law to achieve full citizenship.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Justice Residence"

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Khan, Faeza. "Social justice and participatory parity: Students’ experiences of university residence life at a historically disadvantaged institution in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7024.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The shortage of appropriate student housing in South Africa has been under the spotlight for the past few years. This has been made explicit by the Report on the Ministerial committee for the review of the provision of student housing at South African universities, revealing shocking realities regarding the State of student residences and deplorable conditions under which many students are forced to live. The inequalities in higher education as a result of the legacy of apartheid reflect glaring gaps in resources between Historically Advantaged Institutions (HAIs) and Historically Disadvantaged Institutions (HDIs). The inequity present within higher education impacts on student learning, as HAIs have more resources than HDIs, giving students attending these institutions a different exposure to opportunities. Having a safe, conducive space that facilitates learning is key to ensuring that students are able to learn properly. This research study uses the work of Nancy Fraser to understand how her notion of social justice and the ability to participate as equals (participatory parity) relates to residence life at a HDI in South Africa. Fraser contends that economic, cultural and political dimensions influence participatory parity and either enable or impede the achievement of social justice. The research study considers what suitable institutional arrangements need to be put in place to facilitate more equitable participation for students to enable them to flourish at university. This study is located at the student residences of the University of the Western Cape (UWC). A participatory action research (PAR) design was used, with the study conducted in two phases. The first phase targeted 40 students across UWC residences and used Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) techniques, including the ‘River of Life’ and ‘Community Mapping’. The second phase, involving the same 40 students, comprised a Photovoice process and individual interviews. Nancy Fraser’s participatory parity framework and the dimensions was used as a lens to make sense of the data. The findings of this study revealed several constraints and enablements which affected student learning, namely economic, cultural and political dimensions. The economic dimension revealed constraints relating to poorly resourced facilities, insufficient and ineffective services and problematic technology. Students reported how maldistribution of resources affected them when the lack of those resources prevented them from participating as equals in relation to their peers. The cultural dimension indicated whose status at residences held esteem and whose did not, and consequently what perceived attributes are valued and devalued at residences. Differently abled students, students struggling with poverty, students living with mental health issues, LGBTIQ issues, issues of gender, as well as foreign national students, found themselves being devalued, meaning that they were misrecognised because of their status. The political dimension was used to examine whether students felt that they had a voice in decision making and whether they felt that their needs and opinions were represented. The study also examined whether students were misframed. Misframing occurs when students are excluded from the frame of justice and determines whether they count and have a valid claim to justice. Foreign national students reported experiencing misframing at residences since, in some respects, they did not qualify as claimants for rights. The study highlights how Fraser’s dimensions are mutually intertwined and reciprocally influence and reinforce one another but that none is reducible to another. Referring to each of the dimensions, the study examines affirmative and transformative strategies for remedying injustices, focusing on existing strategies as well as possible strategies which could bring about participatory parity for students. Finally, the study presents a list of recommendations which the university could consider to improve student learning at residences.
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Hoffman, Matthew D. "Change in CHANGE: Tracking first-year students' conceptualizations of leadership in a themed living, learning community." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1272422327.

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Gates, Jodie W. "Public support for climate justice : a survey of British Columbia residents." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/35919.

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This study examines public support for climate justice and climate policies, based on results from an online survey given to 971 respondents in British Columbia, Canada in July 2010. The concept of climate justice is rooted in the recognition that segments of the population may be more or less vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, and that it is often the most vulnerable that are the least responsible for contributing to climate change. Climate justice is a growing area of research and the impetus for a burgeoning social movement worldwide; this study examines public perception of social aspects of climate change issues in British Columbia, providing insight into how individuals in a first world setting conceptualize vulnerability and responsibility to climate change on a provincial, national, and international level. The survey instrument for this study focused on climate change risk perception; fairness and responsibility in terms of climate action and climate impacts; levels of support for specific climate policy options; views on civic engagement and equality; and environmental attitudes. Findings show age to be the only socioeconomic demographic variable with significant effects on support for climate justice and climate policies, with older respondents more likely to show support. Respondents exhibiting greater support for civic engagement, greater support for equality, more proenvironmental attitudes, greater belief in climate action, and a belief in anthropogenic climate change are also more supportive. Recommendations for climate change decision-makers and communicators, as well as areas for future research, are also discussed.
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Duncan, Joyce Denise. "Historical Study of the Highlander Method: Honing Leadership for Social Justice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/996.

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Waging war against economic, political and social inequity, Highlander, founded in 1932 in Monteagle, Tennessee, near Chattanooga, served as a community-training center for southern industrial labor and farmers’ unions and as a major gathering place for black and white civil rights activists, even in those days when such activity was illegal. Teachers at Highlander believed in the capacity of people to educate and to govern themselves. Humanitarians or communitarians, those working at Highlander were concerned with the interrelated systems of class and race, which, they felt, consistently enabled a small segment of the population to exploit, dominate and oppress others. This work explores whether or not there was a factor in the Highlander pedagogy that encouraged activist involvement and delves into participant assessment of Myles Horton as a charismatic leader. Although a variety of sources mention Highlander School or Myles Horton, little material exists that examines the relationship, if any, between the pedagogy or methodology used at Highlander and the leadership that emerged from the workshops. This study endeavors to fill that gap by using historical records, interviews of participants and anecdotal evidence to reveal a connection between Highlander, activism and charismatic leadership.
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Bergan, Britta L. "Demographic Characteristics and Trauma Symptomology in Juvenile Justice Residents at Echo Glen Children's Center." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1459871411.

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West, Stephanie Theresa. "Development of an instrument to assess residents’ perceptions of equity." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1395.

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This study examined equity in the context of the allocation of park and recreation resources within a community. The contributions made by this study include: extending the original taxonomy of equity models proposed by Crompton and Wicks (1988); development of a theoretical framework for their original model; providing a current synthesis of equity based literature; advancing the Equity Implementation Model (Wicks & Crompton, 1989) by developing an instrument capable of measuring residents’ perceptions and preferences of park and recreation resource allocation in their community; empirically confirming the legitimacy of alternate dimensions of equity through Structural Equation Modeling; applying information gained from using the instrument to determine the usefulness of selected variables in predicting equity preferences; and comparing data on equity preferences with those of prevailing perceptions to illustrate the utility of the instrument in guiding resource allocation decisions. Five of the original operationalizations of equity were validated (Compensatory, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency and Advocacy). An additional operationalization, Professional Judgment, was included and also validated, while one of the original dimensions suggested by Crompton and Wicks, Equal Outcomes, could not be distinctively conceptually differentiated and so was discarded. The operationalizations of Equal Inputs and Equal Opportunity could not be differentiated to reflect distinctively different equity concepts. However, further efforts should be invested in operationalizing these two equity concepts, since they do appear to be conceptually different. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a model consisting of all seven operationalizations (Compensatory, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency, Advocacy, Professional Judgment and Equality) was an acceptable fit and all paths were significant at the .05 level, suggesting that the proposed 23-item, seven-dimension scale, P&R-EQUITY, effectively measures seven facets of residents’ perceptions of equity in the allocation of park and recreation resources. Two additional operationalizations (Demonstrated Use and Coproduction Opportunities) emerged during the research which suggested that Demonstrated Interest was inadequately operationalized, so future efforts could be focused on operationalizing those three. The scale developed in this study is intended to help officials make appropriate decisions when allocating park and recreation resources.
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Aparcero-Suero, Maria. "Law Enforcement Officers’ Perceptions in Regard to Sex Offenders, SORN, and Residency Restrictions Laws." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3197.

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The purpose of this study was to extend current knowledge regarding law enforcement’s perceptions of sex offenders. Law enforcement’s views of sex offenders and the fairness and efficacy of sex offender laws were examined through the utilization of a 60 closed-ended question survey. The survey included questions about sex offender myths, sex offender laws, police officers’ experience in working with sex offenders, specialized training, and demographics. The sample consisted of 74 sworn police officers from a Southeastern state. The results showed that, despite having a mostly empirical based view of sex offenders, sworn police officers were likely to support sex offender laws shown by some scholars to be ineffective in reducing crime and at times counterproductive.
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Cox, Kyle. "Conserving the Urban Environment: Hough Residents, Riots, and Rehabilitation, 1960-1980." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1428054448.

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Wolbeck, Erin Patricia. "Implications of sex offender residency restrictions." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3219.

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This study examines the potential effects of sex offender residency restriction laws on both the offenders and potential victimsin Riverside County, CA. Through the use of census data and mapping software the residentially zoned areas in which sex offenders can or can not live are examined.
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Lehigh, Gabrielle R. "Capacity Building, Environmental Justice, and Brownfield Redevelopment: A Case Study of Harvest Hope Park, Tampa Bay, FL." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7189.

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Harvest Hope Park is a brownfield redevelopment project for the University Area Community Development Corporation (University Area CDC), a nonprofit organization dedicated to the sustainable redevelopment of north Tampa neighborhoods. While the project is still in progress, the University Area CDC has noted a lack of community engagement by local residents. The neighborhood, sometimes referred to as “suitcase city” because of the presumed transient nature of the population, has been plagued with poverty, blight, decay, high crime rates, and a lack of basic resources for decades (32 percent of the population in this area lives below the 2016 national poverty line). This project examines the importance of community engagement and capacity building through the environmental redevelopment of brownfield sites while enhancing human-environmental health. The methods used in this research consist of participant observation during University Area CDC events, semi-structured interviews with residents and University Area CDC staff, and analysis of available University Area CDC documents and data. This research identifies the environmental, health, and social impacts of the redevelopment of Harvest Hope Park. Results of the research support the hypothesis that engagement of residents in brownfield redevelopment projects supports building the foundation for the skills, abilities, and resources to advocate for change in their community.
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Books on the topic "Justice Residence"

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The Peace Palace: Residence for justice, domicile of learning. The Hague: Carnegie Foundation, 1988.

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Environmental health hazards and social justice: Geographical perspectives on race and class disparities. London, UK: Earthscan, 2010.

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Johnson, Glenn S. (Glenn Steve), Torres Angel O, and American Public Health Association, eds. Environmental health and racial equity in the United States: Building environmentally just, sustainable, and livable communities. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 2011.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Attorney General. Justice in both languages: The rights of French speasking residents of Ontario in the courts and the justice system. Toronto: Ministry of the Attorney General, 1997.

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Bonsall, Penny. The Irish RMs: The resident magistrates in the British administration of Ireland. Dublin, Ireland: Four Courts Press, 1997.

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Residencia tomada a los jueces de apelación, por Alonso de Zuazo, Hispaniola, 1517: Partielle kommentierte Edition, diskurstraditionelle und grapho-phonologische Aspekte. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008.

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General, Ontario Ministry of the Attorney. Justice in both languages : the rights of French speaking residents of Ontario in the courts and the justice system =: Justice dans les deux langues : les droits des Ontariens d'expression française devant les tribunaux et au sein de l'appareil judiciaire. Toronto, Ont: Ministry of the Attorney General = Ministère du procureur général, 1992.

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D, Ramsay Geoffrey St. An elementary guide for court staff on some aspects of criminal procedure practice and advocacy in the Resident Magistrates' Courts. [Kingston, Jamaica, W.I.]: G. Ramsay, 1986.

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'Eid, Bassem. Neither law nor justice: Extra-judicial punishment, abduction, unlawful arrest, and torture of Palestinian residents of the West Bank by the Palestinian Preventive Security Service. Jerusalem: B'tselem, 1995.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Common sense justice for the nation's capital: An examination of proposals to give D.C. residents direct representation : hearing before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, June 23, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Justice Residence"

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Boettcher, Michelle L., and Aja C. Holmes. "Social Justice Interventions in College and University Residence Halls." In Handbook of Social Justice Interventions in Education, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29553-0_121-1.

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Boettcher, Michelle L., and Aja C. Holmes. "Social Justice Interventions in College and University Residence Halls." In Handbook of Social Justice Interventions in Education, 1151–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35858-7_121.

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Dugdale, William, and Sarah Hean. "The Application of Norwegian Humane Ideals by Front-Line Workers When Collaboratively Reintegrating Inmates Back into Society." In Improving Interagency Collaboration, Innovation and Learning in Criminal Justice Systems, 111–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70661-6_5.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to explore how the humane Norwegian policy principles and values may impact the prison-based practices and the implications of these for the collaborative work undertaken by front-line personnel. Humane traditions are considered a substantial focus of the Norwegian prison system and its policies. The approach in Norway is supported by increasing empirical evidence that shows the system to centralise the welfare of inmates. It emphasises offender rehabilitation and reintegration rather than merely punishment as a fundamental means to reduce reoffending. However, the collaborative practice that may arise as a consequence of these traditional values is underexplored. Two case studies were undertaken with front-line staff working in a Norwegian prison transitional residence (Overgangsbolig). This is the final phase of an inmate’s sentence while being reintegrated back into society. The study found that staff in their collaborative working practices adhered either to the aim of normalising the lives of their inmates after long periods of incarceration (normalisation ideals) or reparative ideals that reflected the system’s humane focus on rehabilitation and reintegration takes precedence over punishment. We conclude that irrespective of differing professional disciplines, there seems to be compatibility between the overarching principles and values of penal policy and front-line ideals to promote collaborative practices at the reintegrative phase of the Norwegian prison system. The shared application of these humane ideals promoted collaborative practice among the front-line workforce while focusing upon the provision of welfare to inmates and their impending reintegration back into society.
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Nguyen, Tu Phuong. "‘Defending Their Rights and Interests’: Bringing Law to Workers’ Residences." In Workplace Justice, 119–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3116-9_5.

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Isaakyan, Irina, and Anna Triandafyllidou. "“Enchanted with Europe”: Family Migration and European Law on Labour-Market Integration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 95–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3_5.

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AbstractThis chapter explores the European legal platform for alleviating the main barriers in the labor market integration of dependent family migrants in the EU. Namely, the chapter looks at the work of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in relation to cases that involve recognition of professional qualifications and establishment of residence status. The study looks at how family reunification provisions, EU citizen status and in particular provisions for EU citizens and their family members when they move to another Member State, affect indirectly the status situation of third country nationals and their labour market integration by facilitating or hampering the recognition of their skills. This chapter is based on desk research, notably literature review (including published reports from the SIRIUS research) and analysis of legislative documents (EU Directives and ECJ case-law). We specifically look at the ECJ case-law on status and recognition and at related Directives involving family migrants. We study conditions under which the ECJ makes a decision in favour of the migrant-plaintiff. The discussion of our findings shows a complex interplay between family migration, gender bias and European law.
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Álvarez, David. "Global Residents in Urban Networks: The Right to Asylum in European Cosmopoleis." In Studies in Global Justice, 157–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05590-5_9.

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Still, Michael. "Engaged Ethnography in a Resident-Activist Environmental Justice Community." In Anthropology and Activism, 65–78. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003028598-4.

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Taylor, Monica, Alexander Diaz, Janae Taylor, Kathryn Strom, and Gail Perry-Ryder. "Teaching for Social Justice through Funds of Knowledge in the Third Space." In A Year in the Life of a Third Space Urban Teacher Residency, 85–113. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-253-0_4.

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Swapan, Mohammad Shahidul Hasan, Md Ashikuzzaman, and Md Sayed Iftekhar. "Equitable Access to Formal Disaster Management Programmes: Experience of Residents of Urban Informal Settlements in Bangladesh." In Natural Hazards and Disaster Justice, 169–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0466-2_9.

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Zhang, Huiying, Xi Yu Leung, and Billy Bai. "A Conceptual Framework of Destination Sustainability in Sharing Economy." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 426–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_41.

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AbstractThe introduction of the sharing economy has revolutionized resident-tourist relationships and provides further implications of destination sustainability. Built on several well-established theories, this conceptual study intends to develop a new and holistic framework to examine destination sustainability, focusing on the change of resident-tourist relationships. The framework is first guided by the stakeholder theory to identify the four key stakeholders in the new sharing economy context: residents, tourists, governments, and the sharing economy platform. With the collaboration theory and resource theory as a foundation, the framework then describes each stakeholder’s specific needs and resources. The service-dominant logic further supports service exchanges and value co-creation among stakeholders. The framework then adopts the capital theory approach to conceptualize destination sustainability in terms of human, social, natural and manufactured capital. Finally, three propositions are developed to justify the new peer-to-peer collaboration paradigm that leads to destination sustainability. The proposed framework is aligned with the six-pillar transformation in e-Tourism research and serves as an intelligent solution to destination sustainable development in the sharing economy context.
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Conference papers on the topic "Justice Residence"

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Drventić, Martina. "COVID-19 CHALLENGES TO THE CHILD ABDUCTION PROCEEDINGS." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18323.

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While creating a new notion of everyday life, the COVID-19 pandemic also affects the resolution of cross-border family disputes, including the international child abduction cases. The return of an abducted child to the country of his or her habitual residence is challenged by travel restrictions, international border closures, quarantine measures, but also by closed courts or cancelled hearings. Those new circumstances that befell the whole world underline two issues considering child abduction proceedings. The first one considers access to justice in terms of a mere possibility of the applicant to initiate the return proceeding and, where the procedure is initiated, in terms of the manner of conducting the procedure. The legislation requires a quick initiation and a summary resolution of child abduction proceedings, which is crucial to ensuring the best interests and well-being of a child. This includes the obligation of the court to hear both the child and the applicant. Secondly, it is to be expected that COVID-19 will be used as a reason for child abduction and increasingly as justification for issuing non-return orders seen as a “grave risk” to the child under Article 13(1)(b) of the Child Abduction Convention. By analysing court practice from the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020 to March 2021, the research will investigate how the pandemic has affected child abduction proceedings in Croatia. Available national practice of other contracting states will also be examined. The aim of the research is to evaluate whether there were obstacles in accessing the national competent authorities and courts during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in which manner the courts conducted the proceedings and interpreted the existence of the pandemic in the context of the grave risk of harm exception. The analyses of Croatian and other national practices will be used to gain an overall insight into the effectiveness of the emerging guidance and suggest their possible broadening in COVID-19 circumstances or any other future crises.
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Mattheis, Allison. "Examining the Meaning of "Social Justice" in an Urban Teacher Residency Program." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1442032.

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Nava-Landeros, Imelda. "Urban Preservice Teacher Residency Development: Capturing Conceptions and Practices of Social Justice." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1446129.

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Liu, Yan, and Hongjuan Tan. "Research on the residents' justice perception of tourism development in world natural heritage area." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691159.

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Barros, Ana, Daniel Cardoso, and Paulo Simões. "MODELAGEM DA INFORMAÇÃO E JUSTIÇA URBANA: Proposição de um indicador para aferir gentrificação." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10079.

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Considering that it is necessary to understand a phenomenon to, only then, be possible to address it, this paper seeks to present the construction of an indicators system as a method to measure the propensity of a particular area to undergo gentrification processes. The research has as spatial cutout the municipality of Fortaleza, Brazil. The hypothesis presented is that Information Modeling, as a support to Urban Planning, can assist to describe and predict the occurrence of this phenomenon in order to contribute to its mitigation. For the methodological construction of the system, the research investigates the operational dimensions that should be addressed by a possible indicator of gentrification. We considered it pertinent to compose a system with indicators and data that could account for the vulnerability of residents, proximity to opportunities, and pressure to develop. Keywords: information modeling, gentrification, urban planning, urban indicators. Topic: territorial analysis and project. Partindo do entendimento de que é preciso compreender um fenômeno para só então ser possível endereçá-lo, o presente trabalho busca apresentar a construção de um sistema de indicadores que possa sugerir um método de medição da propensão de uma área particular a sofrer processos de gentrificação, tendo como recorte espacial o município de Fortaleza, Brasil. A hipótese apresentada é a de que a Modelagem da Informação, como suporte ao Planejamento Urbano, pode ajudar a conceber dispositivos que possam descrever e prever a ocorrência desse fenômeno a fim de contribuir para sua mitigação. Para construção metodológica do sistema de indicadores, após o levantamento de estudos de caso e revisão de literatura, partiu-se para o direcionamento das dimensões operacionais cabíveis a um possível indicador de gentrificação no município. Considerou-se pertinente a composição de um sistema formado por indicadores de vulnerabilidade dos residentes, a proximidade a oportunidades e pressão ao desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave: modelagem da informação, gentrificação, planejamento urbano, indicadores urbanos. Bloque temático: análisis y proyecto territorial.
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Yadrovskaya, M. V., and N. A. Kalyuzhny. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.306-309.

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The work was carried out within the framework of the initial stage of the master's research related to the application of mathematical modeling and information technologies to the study of environmental problems of water bodies. The work presents the results of statistical modeling associated with the processing of data from two surveys: residents of the Rostov region and foreign residents. Based on the results of surveys carried out using Internet technologies, the authors make some conclusions about the attitude of residents to the problems under consideration. The proposed results are accompanied by graphical presentation in the form of diagrams, which greatly simplifies understanding. The results also make it possible to justify the next stage of the scientific research - modeling plastic in the Don River.
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Tian, Chenhan, Lianying Zhang, and Shanshan Huang. "Understanding the Mechanism of Residents' Behavior in Demolition Projects in an Ethical Approach: The Effects of Moral Disengagement and Perceived Justice." In 2019 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/picmet.2019.8893794.

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حسين عبد الجبوري, احمد. "Forced displacement from the outskirts of Kirkuk in 2014 challenges and hopes for return." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/9.

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"Introduction: Military and political crises and conflicts have been part of the reality of many countries of the world, which are witnessing political, economic, social, intellectual, cultural and sectarian changes that have made violence and terrorism an essential material for expressing the content of the conflict and its extensions, then turning to other societies. In mid-2014, Iraq was subjected to a fierce attack by the so-called Islamic State (ISIS) on the governorates of Mosul, Kirkuk, Salah al-Din, Diyala and Anbar, which led to the occupation of some of them by the organization's forces, and thus led to the forced migration of hundreds of thousands of people to the safe provinces. Stable, the extension of this crisis and its various effects made it a strategic challenge for Iraq that requires exceptional national efforts to achieve stability and ensure the return of the displaced to their areas of residence within a legal framework of a humanitarian nature. The problem of the study: The problem of the research lies in answering several questions that were raised in the study, which are what are the reasons that led to this forced migration and mass displacement, and what are the challenges facing the displaced and displaced in Kirkuk, and how to coexist amid the charged atmosphere in the city of Kirkuk, which is threatened by invasion from Before the forces of the organization, and how to reach solutions that satisfy all parties and end this crisis and ensure the dignified return of the displaced families to their homes after the liberation of the region and the restoration of security to it. Study hypothesis: The hypothesis that the researcher starts from in order to answer the questions raised by the problematic, confirmed or denied by the data of the study. Therefore, the absence of a unified national strategy that addresses the crisis of forced displacement and mass displacement in Iraq in general and in Kirkuk in particular and responds to the requirements of their relief and return to their areas would reduce the The quality of the humanitarian response policy and achieve social justice befitting the life of the Iraqi citizen. The importance of the study: The importance of this research comes since the crisis of forced displacement and mass displacement began in mid-2014, after ISIS took control of the northern and central regions of Iraq, the humanitarian emergency in Iraq became more severe, according to United Nations estimates, as the number of displaced people in Iraq exceeded Nearly three million displaced people, while more than eight million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, and with the lack of funding by the United Nations, and the presence of the Iraqi government and the Kurdistan Regional Government also under economic pressure as a result of the war on ISIS, the protection of human rights and the provision of assistance are at risk Also at great risk. Objectives of the study: 1- Getting to know the international evidence for the displaced. 2- The impact of the characteristics of the displaced in Kirkuk and the effects of the crisis. 3- Knowing the national efforts to curb the effects of the crisis. 4- Defining the general framework for the sustainable solutions required to ensure the success of return or resettlement cases. Study methodology: The study adopted the analytical method of an inductive nature based on reality, as a method in proving the hypothesis in order to reach the research objectives. Structure of the study: The study was divided into two sections. The first section included the challenges facing the displaced in Kirkuk, which included three main axes: first the political and security challenges, secondly the economic challenges, and thirdly the social challenges. The second topic dealt with the procedures used to deal with the crisis, which was divided into the situation The government from the crisis, the position of local associations and international organizations from the crisis, and finally the proposed solutions to end the crisis of forced displacement and displacement in Iraq in general and Kirkuk in particular. Results of the study: The study reached several results, including 1- The relief programs and the humanitarian response policy were unable to mitigate the economic, social and psychological impact of the displaced, which deepened the severity of the crisis and its repercussions. 2- Doubling the national and international effort is a necessity to limit the spillover effects of the crisis, provided that these efforts are linked and encapsulated by legal frameworks. 3- Returning to the liberated areas is among the most sustainable solutions. Therefore, the return of the displaced must be accompanied by achieving stability, providing services and security. Sources study: The sources of the study varied from the reports of the High Commission for Human Rights in Iraq, UNICEF, Amnesty International of the United Nations, and the reports of the International Organization for Migration and other organizations that used to issue their periodic reports and in numbers on the tragic conditions experienced by the Iraqi diaspora, including the book The Displacement Crisis in Safe Iraq. And protection issued by the Cisfire Center for Civilian Rights in London, the national report on human development in Iraq, the reports of the World Food Program, and other sources in the course of the study. "
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Alema´n, Miguel A´ngel, Ramiro Bermeo, Andre´s Mendiza´bal, and Wong Loon. "Successful Social Environmental Management Model, Implemented in Ecuador to Overcome Impacts From a Heavy Crude Oil Spill." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31179.

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On February 25, 2009, OCP Ecuador S.A. faced its first incident; an oil spill consisting of 11,700 barrels of heavy crude oil in an area of high biodiversity in eastern Ecuador. An earth movement caused stress in the pipeline causing its breakage. The temporarily impacted area covered 30 hectares of soil and gravel along 180 kilometers of three rivers that form the high watershed of the Amazon River; these rivers are the Santa Rosa, Quijos and the Coca. During the emergency, while workers rallied to contain the spill and clean the affected area, other workers took safety precautions regarding the health of the inhabitants of the area. Consequently, 1,258 residents from the Gonzalo Pizarro and Orellana cantons received medical assistance in order to rule out patients with pathologies related to the oil spill. OCP executed a joint effort with the Emergency Operations Committee (COE) stationed in Coca in order to supply water for the citizens that reside in the affected area. OCP responded to the requirements claimed by residents, all of which were approved by the COE. Communities affected by the event participated in cleaning efforts through the creation of temporary jobs for them. OCP strictly adhered to the regulations passed by the Ministry of the Environment and those of internationally accepted best practices for these types of events. The media and the citizenry were kept continuously abreast of developments. In addition, all corresponding works and reliability tests were performed on March 4 in order to restart pumping activities. On September 30th, 2009, and following a rigorous process of cleaning and remediation (L&Rr—in Spanish) activities, all tasks were completed in all affected areas prior to an inspection and a walking tour of the area performed by governmental authorities, community members and independent observers. For the collective benefit of affected communities, the environment and OCP, local authorities and international auditors recognized the model established during the event. OCP created a taskforce charged with the execution of the Environmental Remediation Program (PRA—in Spanish) and environmental authorities prepared and approved this program. The Environmental Remediation Taskforce (UPRA) covered the following aspects related to the incident: legal, environmental, cleaning and remediation technical aspects, as well as social, environmental, financial, insurance, internal and external communication aspects, along with a rigorous oversight of contractors. The model implemented is the first of its kind deployed in Ecuador. National and international regulations in force validated the methodology used to remediate the soil, riverbanks and surface water contaminated with the oil caused by the incident. The application of this methodology, aptly deployed in response to the distress situation present at the various affected areas, allowed a reduction in a short period, of the total hydrocarbon concentrations established in the environmental standard, to equal or lower values than those previously indicated for sensitive ecosystems. OCP developed and implemented a technical, environmental and economic matrix that allowed the Company to choose and justify the remediation methods used in affected areas.
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AZEVEDO, FERNANDA FREITAS DE OLIVEIRA. "A MEDIAÇÃO NOS CONFLITOS AMBIENTAIS." In Congresso Brasileiro Online de Ciências Contábeis. CONGRESSE.ME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/clgx2214.

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Entre as formas de se chegar a um consenso para a resolução de conflitos, a mediação é tem sido considerada uma ferramenta pautada com as políticas judiciais nacionais e tem tido grande destaque. No entanto, é necessário melhorar a mediação em determinadas áreas (como a área ambiental). A investigação coletiva reflete o possível desequilíbrio de poder entre os mediadores em processos de direito ambiental, e tem como objetivo analisar a necessidade de proteção nacional no âmbito da mediação ambiental de acordo com os regulamentos autorizados pelo CPC/2015. Este estudo visa compreender em que medida a mediação, enquanto conceito de consenso judicial (não polêmico), pode atender aos requisitos para uma melhor distribuição da justiça em conflitos ambientais. O problema a ser resolvido é entender a finalidade da mediação como a finalidade de resolução de conflitos ambientais, ou seja, ela só pode mediar danos ambientais individuais e coletivos (disponíveis e negociáveis), ou se pode mediar direitos ambientais (mesmo que se propaguem Fatos Acima, os conflitos neste campo envolvem os direitos básicos e descentralizados das gerações presentes e futuras, portanto, todas as partes em conflito não podem desistir. Especula-se que o uso da mediação e seus métodos inerentes à resolução de conflitos ambientais podem trazer enormes benefícios ao processo e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, pois o instituto significa o cumprimento de exigências ambientais, não só restaurativas, mas também sexuais preventivas. Por este motivo, esta pesquisa é realizada sob a qualidade de métodos de revisão de literatura utilizando métodos descritivos, analíticos e explicativos. Como técnica de exposição desta pesquisa, o mapeamento da literatura foi utilizado em pesquisas que buscam comprovar o uso da mediação na resolução de conflitos ambientais. Acredita-se que os protagonistas da disputa e seus operadores jurídicos são essenciais para mediar o conhecimento das possibilidades prósperas pactuadas entre nós. O novo código de processo resolve esse problema em vários dispositivos. O novo procedimento reflete totalmente a diferença entre mediação e mediação, e requer pesquisa e compreensão mais aprofundadas do assunto do processo. Devem ser tomadas medidas para encorajar a mediação para prevenir abusos que incentivem a intimidação e minem o verdadeiro consenso. Além disso, o direito internacional mostra a validade desta disposição. Portanto, a mediação ambiental internacional tem como características promover o diálogo, participar do processo e promover a cooperação, a unidade e a solidariedade dos povos de todos os países, e se tornou um instrumento utilizado principalmente por todos os países para prevenir, construir e manter a paz. Os mediadores atuam em todos os níveis do conflito, formando uma rede de mediadores. Nesse sentido, deve-se esclarecer que embora políticas públicas tenham sido propostas, elas ainda parecem políticas secundárias, pois pode-se supor que o foco nos setores econômicos parece mais evidente. Olhando para os exemplos dos residentes ao longo dos rios Riachão e Pau D'óleo, onde os conflitos ocorreram recentemente, não há dúvida de que se justificam pressupostos que mesmo através da mediação de políticas e estratégias de conflitos, o Estado acaba por assumir o papel de conflito facilitador. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Conflito ambiental, Dano social, Mediação, Responsabilidade Socioambiental
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Reports on the topic "Justice Residence"

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Kontou, Eleftheria, Yen-Chu Wu, and Jiewen Luo. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-023.

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We study the allocation of dynamic electric vehicle charging investments from the policymaker’s perspective, which aims to meet statewide emission-reduction targets for the Illinois passenger vehicle sector. We determine statewide charging deployment trajectories over a 30-year planning horizon and estimate their emission reduction. Electric vehicle demand functions model the electrified vehicle market growth and capture network externalities and spatial heterogeneity. Our analysis indicates that most chargers need to be deployed in the first 10 to 15 years of the transition to allow benefits to accrue for electric vehicle drivers, availability of home charging influences consumers’ choice and drivers’ electrified travel distance, charging stations should be prioritized for frequent long-distance drivers, and spatial effects are crucial in accurately capturing the demand for electric vehicles in Illinois. We also develop a multi-criteria suitability map to site charging stations for electric vehicles based on economic, societal, and environmental justice indicators. We identify census tracts that should be prioritized during Illinois’ statewide deployment of charging infrastructure along with interstates and major highways that traverse them. Major interstates and highways I-90, I-80, I-55, and I-57 are identified as having high siting suitability scores for charging stations. Last, a novel location model was developed for equitable electric vehicle charging infrastructure placement in the Illinois interstate and major highway network. Two objectives were set to reduce detours and improve the ability to complete long-distance trips for low-income electric vehicle travelers and multi-unit dwelling residents. Our analysis indicates that if the system’s efficiency is the only consideration, low-income/multi-unit housing resident travelers are most likely to fail to complete their trips, while an equitable charging siting could mitigate this issue.
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Quak, Evert-jan. Russia’s Approach to Civilians in the Territories it Controls. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.041.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the approach used by the Russian government to provide any support or services to civilians in the territories it controls. The rapid review concludes that Russia provides economic, social, government, and military support to de facto states that it controls, such as Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria and the Donbas region. Russia covers large parts of the state’s budget of these separatist regions. This review uses the term aid referring to a wide range of support, such as humanitarian, social safety nets, basic services, infrastructure, state development, and security. Due to the lack of transparency on the Russian aid money that flows into the regions that are the subject of this review, it is impossible to show disaggregated data, but rather a broader overview of Russian aid to these regions. Russia used humanitarian aid and assistance to provide for civilians. During armed conflict it provided, to some extent, food, and medicines to the people. However, from the literature Russia has used humanitarian aid and assistance as an instrument to pursue broader policy goals that could not be defined as humanitarian in nature. Russia often relied on the language of humanitarianism to strengthen its credentials as a neutral and impartial actor and to justify its continued support for the residents and de facto authorities of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, to secure its aim to strengthen the political and social ties with these regions while weakening their allegiance to Georgia and Moldova. As the humanitarian activities to the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine demonstrate, the Russian state is not willing to allow scrutiny of their humanitarian aid by independent organisations. Mistrust, corruption, and the use of aid for propaganda, even smuggling arms into the separatist region, are commonly mentioned by trusted sources. After a conflict becomes more stabilised, Russia’s humanitarian aid becomes more of a long-term strategic “friendship”, often sealed in a treaty to integrate the region into the Russian sphere, such as the cases of South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Transnistria clearly show. Although all these separatist regions rely on Russia (economically, politically, and through Russia’s military presence), this does not mean that they always do exactly what Russia wants, which is particularly the case for Abkhazia and Transnistria.
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