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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Justice of equity'
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Ruiz, Miguel Alfonso. "Mercy and Justice: the Place of Equity." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116456.
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The essay deals with the relationship between mercy and equity as a form of indulgent justice. Starting from the Aristotelian concept of equity, the essay studies the relationship between indulgency and normative overinclusion and underinclusion, considers the reach of equity in criminal law and concludes analysing the relation between judicial equity and legislation.El estudio analiza la relación entre el derecho de gracia y la equidad como una forma de justicia indulgente. A partir del concepto aristotélico de equidad, se estudia la relación entre la indulgencia y la supra e infrainclusión normativas, se plantea el alcance de la equidad en materias penales y se concluye analizando la relación entre equidad judicial y legislación.
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Berry, Matthew. "Law, Justice, and Equity in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107190.
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Thesis advisor: Robert C. BartlettAt the beginning of the fifth book of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle tells us that, according to common opinion, justice is lawful and fair. He concludes his examination of justice with a discussion of equity, which proves to be neither strictly lawful nor strictly fair—and yet Aristotle tells us that equity is, in a certain sense, the highest form of justice. This dissertation explains how Aristotle reaches this startling conclusion. I begin with an exploration of the careful taxonomy of justice that Aristotle lays out in the first half of book five. But Aristotle abruptly abandons this taxonomy midway through the book when he turns from the simply just to the politically just. For this reason and others, I argue that the second half of the book is not, as some have asserted, the application of the universal principles of justice to a political situation, but a new beginning and a fresh attempt to articulate the virtue of justice, free from the flaws we discover through a careful study of the first half of the book. Aristotle’s political justice takes its bearings from the health of a republican government, that is, a government of free and equal citizens. And yet political justice, like political courage, remains on the level of politics. Aristotle’s discussion of equity at the end of the book presents the virtuous form of justice, which corrects the flaws of justice as lawfulness and justice as fairness and permits justice to take its place in the economy of a noble human life
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Alvarado, Beatriz Irene. "Justice, Fairness, and Moral Development: Differences in the Generation of Exemplars." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242383.
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Fairness and justice are often used interchangeably in socio-legal research. The goal of this study was to use 157 student-produced examples of either "injustice" or "unfairness" to determine whether differences exist in the content of the stories, and by extension, the definitions of these terms, and on participants' scores on modified versions of Kohlberg and Gilligan's levels of moral development. As hypothesized, the two terms were related, yet significantly different, with "unfairness" stories highlighting violations of equality, and "injustice" stories highlighting legal interactions and violations of equity. Sex differences were also found such that females were more likely to write stories rated high on unfairness and therefore equality, but no sex differences were found in level of moral reasoning reached by this sample. Future research is aimed at developing theory to explain differences, including the possible innate nature of "fairness" and environmental requirements leading to a concept of "justice".
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Warnat, Amber E. "Intersectionality and employment equity in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11959.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The objectives of the South African Employment Equity Act include providing equal opportunity in the workplace. However, the existing methods for achieving equality of opportunity have been unsuccessful because they do not engage sufficiently with the complexity of, and reasons for, inequality in the workplace. This thesis argues that the body of literature on intersectionality has great potential to contribute to the process of improving equality of opportunity. Derived from the literature, an intersectional analysis offers employers a way to engage with the complex nature of inequality, by obtaining a fuller, more nuanced and specific understanding of the phenomenon in a particular place of work. In this way, profound and effective solutions can be found. The thesis offers background on employment equity in South Africa and an overview of intersectionality, which reveals its value as a theoretical paradigm. It then describes the development of instruments to be used to analyse (in)equality of opportunity in a workplace.
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Tokunaga, Meagan. "Implementing (Environmental) Justice: Equity and Performance in California's S.B. 535." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/137.
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This thesis evaluates the equity performance of a recent state environmental justice policy, California’s Senate Bill 535 (S.B. 535). “Environmental justice” refers to the disproportionate environmental harm imposed on low-income and minority communities. S.B. 535 uses competitive grants to provide funding to these communities. The research is centered around two questions: (1) to what extent has S.B. 535 experienced successful implementation in its first year of operation, and (2) how can policy actors improve implementation while balancing performance and equity goals? In regards to the first question, I utilize a case study of the policy’s implementation within 17 local governments in Riverside County. I find that the number of actors involved and the alignment of their interests prevent the policy from more successful implementation. Local government officials identify staff capacity as a primary concern in the program’s implementation. I then evaluate the policy’s balance of program performance and equity with an econometric analysis that characterizes the decisions of local governments to implement the policy. I find impressive equity performance, as low-income and minority populations are more likely to participate. The implementing governments have sufficient capacity to achieve program goals, as larger cities and cities with more staff per capita are more likely to participate. My findings support the use of competitive grants in environmental justice policies. The S.B. 535 grant program demonstrates the ability to distribute funding to governments with both socioeconomic disadvantage and the capacity for successful implementation. The analysis concludes with policy recommendations.
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Luthanen, Amy L. "Perfectionism in the Workplace and the Distributional Justice Principle of Equity." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1534431126115665.
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Kavanagh, Art Naoise. "Andrew Marvell's ambivalence about justice." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/25031702-dea3-49c6-a9e6-c068852e5df4/1/.
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This thesis examines the treatment of the theme of justice in the works, both poetry and prose, of Andrew Marvell and, in a final chapter, the justice of certain aspects of his behaviour. In order to do this, it seeks to locate particular works in the context of contemporary debates or discussions as to ancient rights, the ancient constitution (and competing theories as to the king's power) and the disagreement between Hugo Grotius and John Selden on the subject of the legal status of the sea and, more generally, the laws of nature and nations. !e discussion of the justice of his behaviour offers a reinterpretation of the Chancery pleadings and other records in a cluster of cases arising after Marvell's death out of the collapse of a bank in which his friend, Edward Nelthorpe, was a partner. It is argued that these records have, up to now, been misunderstood. The thesis concludes that Marvell's work evinces an ambiguity about justice, with the poetry tending to give voice to his scepticism, while the sense that justice might be at least partly achievable is more likely to appear in the prose works. The conclusion as to his actions is also a matter of some ambivalence: while the evidence does not show that he colluded in a fraud on the bank's creditors, the suspicion that he behaved badly towards his wife is complicated by a lingering uncertainty that he had, in fact, married.
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Fishman, Christine A. "Making Way for Equity: Elementary Principals' Interpretations of Equity." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1269042026.
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Vartapetov, Karen. "Territorial justice and fiscal equity: the case of post-communist Russia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487144.
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Territorial justice in public finance concerns the equal treatment of those in equal need irrespective of geographic location. This thesis e~aluates and explains the spatially equalizing effects of post-communist Russia's fiscal system for the case of primary and secondary education in 1997-2004 in the context of theory and international experience. The key challenges to the Russian school education - under-funding and the inefficient input-based system of public budgeting - have been aggravated by the rising regional inequalities in school fmance allocation. C) The new federal system of formulae-based intergovernmental fiscal transfers introduced in the late 1990s with an official aim of the equalization of regional fiscal capacities to provide basic public services has improved school finance equity only modestly. The detailed analysis of the policy initiatives of the reform pioneer region of Samara initiateq in 1998 has also revealed somewhat controversial results. Although Samara's new scheme for school finance and administration improved the efficiency of service provision, territorial, social and economic inequalities coupled with school elitism complicated equity improvements. Despite the fact that the links between fiscal decentralization and regional evol~tions are not direct, decentralization can either diminish or enforce spatial inequality. The empirical evidence --' suggests that in the Russian case, decentralization per se has not been the cause for the growth of ) spatial disparities. Rather post-communist Russia's uneven economic geography has been the I main reason for the lack of territorial equality. Although fiscal equalization is not supposed to explicitly deliver regional economic convergence, Russian fiscal federalist relations have done little to create the conditions for balanced regional development. The advanced by international standards formulae for fiscal equalization has not been accompanied by the changes in the allocation of highly non-transparent non-equalization grants, the elimination of barriers to the spatial mobility of population, and, most importantly, improvements in regional and local fmancial and administrative decision-making autonomy. Given Russia's economic geography it is very unlikely that further political, administrative and fiscal centralization will be able to moderate spatial forces working toward greater territorial injustice.
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Hislop, Rasheed Salaam. "Reaping Equity| A Survey of Food Justice Organizations in the U.S.A." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590830.
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This study surveys organizations working for a more just food system in the United States, deemed Food Justice Organizations (FJOs) at basic day to day operational levels and deeper more complex layers of social, political and economic circumstances both within and among these organizations with a particular emphasis upon race. Through coding and rhetorical analyses a food justice definitional framework is developed through which to observe FJOs. Several trends emerge regarding FJOs including a stronger urban presence/focus, the immense popularity of food production and the predominance of whites in paid/leadership positions which may relate to the struggles or avoidance of race, class or gender dynamics within and among FJOs. Simultaneously, there is no single issue or cause that defines FJOs or the food justice movement on its own but the main issues to which they remain committed to changing, albeit to varying degrees, are market capitalism as well as racial and socio-economic inequality. FJOs must confront major issues in order to progress towards overarching goals and to do so they must continue to enhance and develop growing networks, particularly among those led and comprised mostly of the population(s) they are attempting to serve.
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Herian, Robert. "Equity fetishism : an analysis and theory of civil justice in modernity." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/359/.
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This thesis argues that the law of Equity is a means to complete justice for stakeholders of capitalism with a desire for and need to believe in the certainty and perfectibility of the symbolic of capitalist reason and logic. By applying a Marxist Freudian reading I claim that stakeholder desire for and insistence on certainty and perfectibility within contexts of Anglo-American, Western, capitalist civil justice is both characteristic of subjugation to the reason and logic of capital, and symptomatic of the power of the unconscious and of fantasy on subjectivity within capitalism. Starting with an account of the Tudor jurist, statesman and Lord Chancellor Thomas More in the sixteenth-century, this thesis explores the long durée of Equity and civil justice, including analyses of the role a neurotic legal community has in defining conscience, discretion and flexibility within the principles, substance and procedures of civil justice upon which the stakeholder relies. Equity, therefore, provides a means for stakeholder's to express their desire for what is missing, what they lack, in the symbolic, and the response to this desire is, I claim, the construction of an elaborate fantasy: Equity fetishism. As a theory of civil justice predicated on a conjunction of law, political economy and psychology, Equity fetishism explains Equity, as a body of jurisprudence, form of private law reasoning, and mode of adjudication, within domains of capitalist civil justice as being determined by fantasy and desire as it is defined by the normative discourses and processes of case-law, legislation and civil justice reform. As a structure in fantasy within civil justice Equity fetishism works in and through institutions such as private property and trusts in order to maintain stakeholder belief in the limitless possibilities of capital accumulation, which in turn maintains stakeholder disavowal of the realities of castration, subjective longing, loss, and limitation in the symbolic. Finally, this thesis aims to demonstrate that Equity fetishism is a vital consideration for critical and mainstream legal scholarship, as both a complementary and countervailing legal theory and discourse that is able to contribute to practical and theoretical legal thinking and education. Specifically, I argue, Equity fetishism accounts for and explains the influence of the vagaries of subjective psychic life on the development of institutions, concepts and practices in Equity and civil justice and, in particular, how these parallel and occur in harmony and agreement with capitalism.
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Brown, Albert E. "Particularism in Justice." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204652909.
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Haas, Guenther Horst. "The concept of equity in Calvin's ethics /." Waterloo (Ont.) : Wilfrid Laurier university press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39214139f.
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Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes. "Distributive justice and transportation equity : inequality in accessibility in Rio de Janeiro." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3552ca9f-25c0-4d2f-acdd-0649de911afc.
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Public transport policies play a key role in shaping the social and spatial structure of cities. These policies influence how easily people can access opportunities, including health and educational services and job positions. The accessibility impacts of transport policies thus have important implications for social inequalities and for the promotion of just and inclusive cities. However, in the transportation literature, there is still little theoretically informed understanding of justice and what it means in the context of transport policies. Moreover, few studies have moved beyond descriptive analyses of accessibility inequalities to evaluate how much those inequalities result from transport policies themselves. This is particularly true in cities from the global South, where accessibility and equity have so far remained marginal concerns in the policy realm. This thesis builds on theories of distributive justice and examines how they can guide the evaluation of transport policies and plans. It points to pathways for rigorous assessment of the accessibility impacts of transport policies and it contributes to current discussions on transportation equity. A justice framework is developed to assess the distributional effects of transport policies. This framework is then applied to evaluate recent transport policies developed in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in preparation to host sports mega-events, such as the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, which included substantial expansion of the rail and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) infrastructure. This research presents ex-post analyses of the policies implemented between 2014 and 2017 and ex-ante analysis of an as yet unfinished BRT project. It evaluates how the planned transport legacy of those mega-events impacted accessibility to sports venues, healthcare facilities, public schools and job opportunities for different income groups. The results show that there were overall accessibility benefits from the expansion in transport infrastructure between 2014 and 2017, but these were generally offset by the reduction in bus service levels that followed an economic crisis that hit the city after the Olympics. Quasi-counterfactual analysis suggests that, even if the city had not been hit by the economic crisis, recent transport investments related to mega-events would have led to higher accessibility gains for wealthier groups and increased inequalities in access to opportunities. Results suggest that those investments had, or would have had, greater impact on inequalities of access to jobs than in access to schools and healthcare facilities. The evaluation of the future accessibility impacts of the unfinished BRT corridor, nonetheless, indicates that such project could significantly improve access to job opportunities for a large share of Rio's population, particularly lower-income groups. Spatial analysis techniques show that the magnitude and statistical significance of these results depend on the spatial scale and travel time threshold selected for cumulative opportunity accessibility analysis. These results demonstrate that the ad-hoc methodological choices of accessibility analysis commonly used in the academic and policy literature can change the conclusions of equity assessments of transportation projects.
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Manaugh, Kevin. "Incorporating issues of social justice and equity into transportation planning and policy." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117075.
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For most of the 20th century transportation planning goals were almost entirely mobility-based; transportation systems were primarily seen as a means to efficiently, safely, and quickly connect people and freight to desired destinations. However, as the century progressed, cultural, societal and ecological movements had major impacts on how planners perceive transportation networks and public transit more specifically. Several overlapping concerns have altered the role that planners and policy-makers see for transportation and land use planning. Environmental degradation, air pollution, traffic congestion, an unsure energy future, and global climate change, for example, have drastically redefined priorities for planners and policy-makers. These concerns have led to an increasing interest in public transit and active transportation—walking and cycling—as potential solutions to many environmental problems. Concurrent to these shifts, concerns of social equity and environmental justice have also entered the transportation planning framework. However, while transportation planning goals have shifted in recent decades to encompass social justice and environmental goals, many of these aims do not have clear indicators or accepted ways of measuring progress. In addition, while these diverse values and ideals do often underlie policy, they can have contradictory influence on transportation planning decisions. Transportation benefits include, what might be termed "tangible" or easily measured outcomes, however, many goals that address issues of social equity have "intangible" outcomes. Not only are the former easier to measure and to present to the public, but they often have more political capital than more socially progressive goals. While a rich body of research has explored these issues, most current planning documents do not make explicit that these conflicts of value exist. The concern from an equity planning standpoint is that very real and important environmental concerns will lead away from the other important roles that transportation systems can play in providing equitable outcomes. In light of these concerns, this dissertation sets out to address four research questions: •How do municipalities and transit agencies balance economic, social, and environmental goals and objectives in transportation plans? •How do these decisions affect outcomes, particularly with regards to social equity? •How can current methods of measuring and understanding active transportation and neighbourhood walkability be improved to better capture these wide ranging objectives? •How can these findings be used to improve decision-making in the future?This dissertation highlights the importance of adopting a multi-dimensional and mixed methods approach to examining complex urban issues and processes, and contributes to knowledge in three ways:•Identifies a set of indicators that capture elements of social equity in transportation planning and decision-making;•Develops methodologies to measure outcomes of transportation infrastructure using accessibility measures that focus on the desired destinations of residents; and•Deepens the understanding of how people and households of different socio-economic status “respond” to measures of local and regional accessibility. While most—if not all—studies do "control for" socio-economic factors, my work makes these factors the primary focus.In doing so, this research brings awareness of important transportation-related social equity goals and increases the role that these goals may play in decision-making processes.La planification des transports au 20e siècle a été principalement fondée sur l'objectif de la mobilité : les systèmes de transport ont été vus avant tout comme un moyen sécuritaire, rapide et efficace de mettre en réseau des personnes et de transporter des marchandises. Cependant, au fil du siècle, les mouvements culturels, sociétaux et écologiques ont peu à peu changé la façon dont les planificateurs perçoivent le transport en général et le transport en commun spécifiquement. Plusieurs préoccupations se chevauchant ont profondément modifié le rôle que les urbanistes et les élus attribuent au transport et à l'aménagement du territoire. La dégradation de l'environnement, la pollution atmosphérique, la congestion routière, l'avenir énergétique, et les changements climatiques, ont radicalement redéfini les priorités du transport. Ces préoccupations ont conduit à un intérêt croissant pour le transport en commun et pour le transport actif, la marche et le vélo, apparaissant de plus en plus comme des solutions potentielles aux problèmes environnementaux.Cependant, en dehors de ces préoccupations environnementales, des questions importantes se posent en matière de redistribution et de justice sociale. Les nouvelles infrastructures de transport offrent des avantages évidents tels que l'accès facilité a une destination voulue, la stimulation du développement économique ou la réduction des temps de déplacement. En outre, bien que diverses valeurs et idéaux sous-tendent une politique, ceux-ci peuvent influencer de manière contradictoire les décisions prises en matière de planification des . Cependant, de nombreux objectifs ayant trait aux questions d'équité sociale sont «intangibles» en matière de résultats quantifiables. Cela les rend difficiles à présenter à la population, ce qui conduit à des décisions aux gains potentiels plus grands en terme de capital politique que ne le sont des objectifs de progrès social difficilement mesurables.À la lumière de ces préoccupations, cette thèse vise à répondre à quatre questions de recherche: •Comment les municipalités et les organismes de planification du transport équilibrent le traitement des objectifs économiques, sociaux et environnementaux dans les plans de transport?•Comment ces décisions influencent les résultats, en particulier en ce qui concerne l'équité sociale?•Comment les méthodes de mesure actuelles, la compréhension du transport actif et le potentiel piétonnier d'un quartier peuvent être améliorés afin de mieux en saisir les des objectifs généraux?•Comment ces résultats seront utilisés à l'avenir pour améliorer la prise de décision? Cette thèse met en évidence l'importance d'adopter des méthodes multidimensionnelles et des approches mixtes lors de l'examen des questions complexes et des processus urbains ; elle contribue à l'enrichissement de la connaissance de trois façons:•Par l'identification d'un ensemble d'indicateurs qui rendent compte des facteurs d'équité sociale dans la planification des transports et dans la prise de décision;•Par l'élaboration des méthodes permettant d'évaluer une infrastructure de transport en utilisant des mesures d'accessibilité qui se concentrent sur les destinations souhaitées par les résidents;•Par une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont les gens et les ménages de différentes catégories socio-économiques «répondent» à des paramètres d'accessibilité locale et régionale. Alors que la plupart, sinon toutes les études ne font qu'utiliser les facteurs socio-économiques, mon travail se concentre directement sur ces facteurs, avec pour objectif principal de les mettre au premier plan.Ce faisant, cette recherche participe à une prise de conscience de l'importance des objectifs d'équité sociale reliés au transport et souligne le rôle que ces objectifs peuvent jouer dans les processus décisionnels.
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Al-anjari, Abdullah. "Equity, desert and punishment : a comparative study of Kuwaiti and British students." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367793.
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Palmer, Labaron Andre. "STRIKING A GREEN BALANCE: ASSESSING EQUITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELEVATED PUBLIC PARK PROJECTS IN PHILADELPHIA AND WASHINGTON D.C." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/597429.
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GeographyPh.D.
This research seeks to investigate the impact of equitable development strategies on urban environmental justice. I focused on the extent to which the processes that accompany the highly visible large-scale park planning projects promote equity and inclusion in the Rail Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the 11th Street Bridge Park in Washington D.C. This research focuses on natural urban environment settings, with attention given to the development of highly visible parks projects that take at least partial inspiration from New York City’s High Line Park. Park development in underserved neighborhoods can lead to green gentrification. Thus, equity concerns are raised, as the very residents that would benefit the most from environmental improvements such as green space remediation and expansion are more likely to be excluded due to their development. I employed a qualitative methodology utilizing content analysis and 33 in depth interviews were conducted at two park project sites in Philadelphia and Washington D.C. Based on grounded theory, I explored stakeholder attitudes, feelings, and perceptions tied to varied notions of equity and the engagement levels of planning processes connected to park project development. Trust capital emerged as a major theme in the perceived efficacy of development processes that pursue equitable goals. This factor fluctuates with stakeholder perceptions of equity and the legitimization of socioeconomic concerns expressed by the community in urban green infrastructure development. This research concludes that the inclusion of an equitable development (ED) process impacts greening project implementation and the individuals involved.
Temple University--Theses
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Kersten, Ellen Elisabeth. "Spatial Triage| Data, Methods, and Opportunities to Advance Health Equity." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3686356.
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This dissertation examines whether spatial measures of health determinants and health outcomes are being used appropriately and effectively to improve the health of marginalized populations in the United States. I concentrate on three spatial measures that have received significant policy and regulatory attention in California and nationally: access to healthful foods, climate change, and housing quality. I find that measures of these health determinants have both significant limitations and unrealized potential for addressing health disparities and promoting health equity.
I define spatial triage as a process of using spatial data to screen or select place-based communities for targeted investments, policy action, and/or regulatory attention. Chapter 1 describes the historical context of spatial triage and how it relates to ongoing health equity research and policy. In Chapter 2, I evaluate spatial measures of community nutrition environments by comparing data from in-person store surveys against data from a commercial database. I find that stores in neighborhoods with higher population density or higher percentage of people of color have lower availability of healthful foods and that inaccuracies in commercial databases may produce biased measures of healthful food availability.
Chapter 3 focuses on spatial measures of climate change vulnerability. I find that currently used spatial measures of "disadvantaged communities" ignore many important factors, such as community assets, region-specific risks, and occupation-based hazards that contribute to place-based vulnerability. I draw from examples of successful actions by community-based environmental justice organizations and reframe "disadvantaged" communities as sites of solutions where innovative programs are being used to simultaneously address climate mitigation, adaptation, and equity goals.
In Chapter 4, I combine electronic health records, public housing locations, and census data to evaluate patterns of healthcare utilization and health outcomes for low-income children in San Francisco. I find that children who live in redeveloped public housing are less likely to have more than one acute care hospital visit within a year than children who live in older, traditional public housing. These results demonstrate how integrating patient-level data across hospitals and with data from other sectors can identify new types of place-based health disparities. Chapter 5 details recommendations for analytic, participatory, and cross-sector approaches to guide the development and implementation of more effective health equity research and policy.
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Flinder, Sharon W. "Distributive and procedural justice: effects of outcomes, inputs and procedures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40195.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether the separate contributors to procedural and distributive justice also affected the other form of justice. Previous research investigating these cross over effects of justice contributors had not examined inputs in addition to outcomes and procedures, and had typically assumed outcome level to be equivalent to the equitableness of outcomes. Subjects were 120 undergraduate psychology students. Outcomes, inputs and procedures were manipulated in a laboratory experiment in order to assess their independent and combined effects on distributive and procedural justice perceptions. In contrast to past research, the current study found a weak and inconsistent effect of procedures on distributive justice perceptions. Outcome level had a strong effect on both procedural and distributive justice perceptions. In addition, outcome fairness was found to effect procedural justice perceptions. When procedures were fair, the equitableness of outcomes influenced distributive justice ratings. When procedures were unfair, however, the equitableness of outcomes did not influence distributive justice judgements. Implications for procedural justice conceptualizations, equity theory and organizations are discussed.Ph. D.
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DAVY, JEANETTE ANN. "PROCEDURAL JUSTICE, SITUATIONAL CONTROL AND SELF-PERCEPTION APPLIED TO UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF LAYOFFS ON SURVIVORS (PARTICIPATION, EQUITY, EQUALITY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188182.
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Procedural justice is applied to layoffs to study the effects of layoffs on survivors. Procedural norms, developed as components of procedural justice, are applied to develop two different layoff procedures, merit and random. The hypotheses come from this application as moderated by the individual's self-perception. Low performers prefer a procedural equality layoff, while high performers demonstrate no clear preference for either layoff procedure. When given the opportunity to choose a layoff procedure, the subjects having control over the layoff procedure to be used were no more satisfied with the process than those who had no control. Performance equity (merit) layoff. Subjects in this condition decreased performance, while the subjects in the other layoff conditions maintained performance levels.
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Hall, Karen I. "Teaching for Equity and Justice| Methods and Best Practices of Effective Anti-bias Educators." Thesis, Webster University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13814340.
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This study is the result of the researcher’s 25-year tenure in public education. That tenure developed a passion for disrupting racism and modeling social justice pedagogies to dismantle the barriers to educational equity in classrooms. The researcher wants to enact a vision of denouncing oppressive structures for students by positioning teachers to play a critical role in transforming society. The researcher contextualizes multicultural education, critical race theory, and social justice education to develop an overview of anti-bias teaching. Moreover, the researcher suggests the theoretical frames from multicultural education, critical race theory, and social justice education represent the underpinnings of anti-bias education.
Prejudice, bias, and stereotypes continue to exist in schools. For this reason, multicultural education and social justice education equip teachers with the strategies to recognize prejudice, bias, and stereotypes that create barriers to equitable education. This study will add to the growing field of educational research for equity-oriented teaching practices so school systems have the tools to dismantle inequities. The researcher’s study focuses on equity-centered approach through anti-bias teaching patterns of the 2016 Teaching Tolerance award-winning teachers.
What are the best practices and skills necessary for an anti-bias classroom setting? A study of the identified anti-bias 2016 award-winning educators from Teaching Tolerance program are the subjects of this research. The researcher’s goal is to identify patterns of teaching, and then compare these practices to Marilyn Cochran-Smith’s Six Principles of Social Justice. The outcome of the research will add to the growing educational equity work and provide teachers support needed to act in their classrooms for anti-bias education. Educators can transform and provide equitable teaching and learning for all students.
The design of the work is the case study. The researcher chose case study research because it allows the researcher to ask how and why questions. For the investigation, the case study method is the best fit for data collection and analysis. Moreover, case study design allows for description and narration in the research. This format will allow the reader to immerse him/herself in the lives of the teachers so they gain a better understanding of anti-bias educators.
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Machala, Laura Beth. "There's no justice in transit! : transit equity, land use, and air quality in Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39942.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-111).
As a result of air pollution created by the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), aka "the Big Dig," transit and other air quality mitigation projects were incorporated into the State Implementation Plan (SIP). The SIP is mandated by the Clean Air Act (CAA) for areas that do not attain or need to maintain air quality above federally mandated levels. Originally, the transit commitments that were made to mitigate the effects of the Big Dig were located :in urban and suburban areas. However, while an urban/suburban balance was arguably intended in the SIP, over the years, the urban SIP commitments have been largely neglected. As a result, transit justice in Greater Boston has been negatively effected. If the SIP is truly meant to improve air quality, its focus should be on making cities more viable and healthy places to live and on curtailing sprawling suburban land use. Furthermore, SIP requirements should change to influence a more equitable distribution of transit investment in Boston and other metropolitan areas.
by Laura Beth Machala.
M.C.P.
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Ward, Jennifer. "Early Childhood Mathematics Through a Social Justice Lens: An Autoethnography." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6975.
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The purpose of this autoethnography was to explore the experiences, both successes and challenges, as I worked to teach mathematics using a social justice framework in a summer enrichment camp with four and five-year-old children. Drawing from both critical approaches (Freire, 1968) and sociocultural approaches (Rogoff, 2008), this dissertation outlines critical perspectives within Early Childhood Education, as well as trends in teaching mathematics for social justice to frame the research study. Autoethnography was selected as a methodological approach in this study as I examined my own teaching experiences and journey engaging in teaching mathematics for social justice. Primary data sources include researcher reflective journal entries and videotaped lesson implementation while secondary sources include student work samples and artifacts.
From the story associated with my engagement in teaching mathematics for social justice presents insights into my experiences with this work both crafting and teaching lessons. I then offer reflections and question areas of my work related to power and control, perpetuating deficit views, relationship construction and finding a balance between math and social justice within the lessons.
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West, Stephanie Theresa. "Development of an instrument to assess residents perceptions of equity." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1395.
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This study examined equity in the context of the allocation of park and recreation resources within a community. The contributions made by this study include: extending the original taxonomy of equity models proposed by Crompton and Wicks (1988); development of a theoretical framework for their original model; providing a current synthesis of equity based literature; advancing the Equity Implementation Model (Wicks & Crompton, 1989) by developing an instrument capable of measuring residents perceptions and preferences of park and recreation resource allocation in their community; empirically confirming the legitimacy of alternate dimensions of equity through Structural Equation Modeling; applying information gained from using the instrument to determine the usefulness of selected variables in predicting equity preferences; and comparing data on equity preferences with those of prevailing perceptions to illustrate the utility of the instrument in guiding resource allocation decisions.
Five of the original operationalizations of equity were validated (Compensatory, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency and Advocacy). An additional operationalization,
Professional Judgment, was included and also validated, while one of the original dimensions suggested by Crompton and Wicks, Equal Outcomes, could not be distinctively conceptually differentiated and so was discarded. The operationalizations of Equal Inputs and Equal Opportunity could not be differentiated to reflect distinctively different equity concepts. However, further efforts should be invested in operationalizing these two equity concepts, since they do appear to be conceptually different.
Using confirmatory factor analysis, a model consisting of all seven operationalizations (Compensatory, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency, Advocacy, Professional Judgment and Equality) was an acceptable fit and all paths were significant at the .05 level, suggesting that the proposed 23-item, seven-dimension scale, P&R-EQUITY, effectively measures seven facets of residents perceptions of equity in the allocation of park and recreation resources. Two additional operationalizations (Demonstrated Use and Coproduction Opportunities) emerged during the research which suggested that Demonstrated Interest was inadequately operationalized, so future efforts could be focused on operationalizing those three. The scale developed in this study is intended to help officials make appropriate decisions when allocating park and recreation resources.
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Green, Colin. "Justice, fairness and equity in health care : exploring the social value of health care interventions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484850.
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This thesis is motivated by the need in many health care systems, but especially in the UK NHS, to make difficult choices over the use of limited resources. The starting point forthe thesis is that when making difficult choices over the provision of health care, the overall value of health care interventions to society is a function not only of the total benefits available from health care, but also the distribution of health care resources across different groups in society. The thesis investigates this proposition that 'distribution matters' and presents research to consider the social value of health care interventions. The research in the thesis is undertaken within the analytical framework of health economics, and in the context of health policy decisions over the funding of health care interventions in the UK NHS. The health technology appraisal process is used as an example of an allocation problem, and the thesis uses the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as an example of the health technology appraisal process. A variety of methods are usedj including an assessment of general theories of justice, a systematic review of the literature on empirical assessment of distributive preferences, an empirical study to investigate issues around the specific social value related to the severity of health condition, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to explore a range of key social values and the relative weights placed on these social values. The research is drawn together in a policy-relevant analysis of social preferences and NHS decision-making. The thesis makes a contribution to the health economics literature and to the health policy literature. It relates general theories of justice to the process of health technology appraisal. It draws together a broad and complex literature, and characterises the literature according to the general quality of the methods used. The thesis contributes to the empirical evidence base on severity of health as an important social value. It develops a hypothesis that the empirical evidence against the importance of severity of health may be a proxy preference for giving priority to a worst off group of patients in health care priority setting; providing empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. The DCE, in a sample of the general public, finds support for using the social values around level of health improvement, value for money, severity of health, 'and the availability of other treatments, to offer an insight to the societal value of health care interventions. The level of health improvement and value for money had the greatest impact, in the discrete choice analysis, with severity of health condition also shown to have 'an important role in distributive preferences. The research contributes to the empirical evidence on the relative importance of social values in the context of difficult priority setting decisions, and it contributes to the literature on the use of the DCE framework to elicit social preferences. The thesis, extends the current evidence base by using the results from the DCE to derive a measure cif 'strength of preference' across health care interventions described using the experimental design used. The thesis demonstrates how such data may be used in a policy-relevant manner. The research in the thesis provides a greater understanding over what may be meant by equity in the allocation of health care resources, in the framework of health technology. appraisal, through consideration of equity as a balance between competing social values, amidst consideration of opportunity costs.
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Dube, Beatrice. "Distributive justice : water allocation reform in the Greater Tzaneen Municipality." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75996.
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The thesis investigates deliberateness in water allocation to historically disadvantaged individuals (HDIs) through a water infrastructure development project, the Great Letaba River Water Development Project (GleWaP) within a context of water allocation reform (WAR). WAR is a programme set to redress past discriminatory laws and practices in the allocation of water in South Africa and seeks to address racial and gender inequalities inherited from past political epochs. The study interrogates the concept of individual water rights for women in a context where the collective is prioritised over the individual. The qualitative study uses data collected from 73 participants using interviews, two focus group discussions and surveys. John Rawls’ theory of distributive justice and Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction theory are applied to interrogate water allocation discourses and processes to understand whether genuine justice can be achieved through water allocation reform. The study is set within the critical social theory paradigm where the interlinkages between power, politics, race and gender are interrogated in search of social justice. Study findings reveal that the intentions of WAR as articulated in the goals are far from achievable with other variables such as land ownership still to be addressed. After several years, WAR remains steeped in theoretical rhetoric while lacking in practicality, as victims of past discriminatory practices still have no access to water resources, while legislation continues to protect and benefit a minority. The study identifies deficit thinking as one of the challenges in the implementation of the reform strategy. It concludes that the water allocation reform strategy does not break away from colonial and apartheid concerns for white beneficiaries as there does not seem to be a deliberate attempt to allocate water to predominantly black historically disadvantaged individuals. The thesis thus recommends measurable outcomes for water allocation reform, development of a vibrant black rural water economy, and the use of expropriation of water as a measure to speed up water reform.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Anthropology and Archaeology
PhD
Restricted
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Zakia, Maria Lucia Perez Ferres. "Equidade como parâmetro do justo: a passagem do logos teórico ao logos prático no raciocínio jurídico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19689.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
From the complex concept of justice developed by Aristotle, the object of justice is delineated, distinguishing it from morality, with the objective of understanding the classical conception of law, considering its object, concept and sources. For this, the Aristotelian conceptions of the term "justice" are worked out: its absolute and particular, precisely political, meaning, differentiating it from domestic justice and classifying it as distributive, corrective and reciprocal. It follows the delimitation of the object of law as part of justice, the identification of its sources: natural and positive law, and finally, we come to the concept of equity as justice in the case in point and its methodological reflex in the process of appropriate application of positive law and integration of gaps. Then, it returns to the analysis of the modern conception of law, following the same methodology initially adopted, starting from the delimitation of its object, concept and sources, arriving at a diverse concept of equity assumed by the modern juridical philosophy. Finally, it is tried to demonstrate the process of return of the equity, in the classic terms, like justice in the case in concrete, to the modern juridical thought, from the material point of view, evidencing the progressive detachment of the science of the law with the society and the necessity In the construction of a legal theory that encompasses values, especially justice, and responds to the ever-changing social desires; As a methodological point of view, identifying the insufficiency of the formal logical method as the only instrument available to the judge and the progressive introduction of the dialectical process of justice construction case by case and rhetoric as an instrument of motivation and persuasion of the judge, without neglecting what is necessary Justice and legal certainty. As a conclusion, it is tried to demonstrate how the process of absorption of the equity in the classic molds caused new contours to the legal science, reflecting in the concept of law, in the identification of its sources, in the object and in the methodological aspect
A partir do complexo conceito de justiça desenvolvido por Aristóteles, delimita-se o objeto da justiça, distinguindo-a da moral, com o objetivo de compreender a concepção clássica de direito, considerando seu objeto, conceito e fontes. Para tanto, inicialmente, trabalham-se as concepções aristotélicas do termo “justiça”: sua acepção absoluta e particular, precisamente política, diferenciando-a da justiça doméstica e classificando-a em distributiva, corretiva e recíproca. Segue-se à delimitação do objeto do direito como parte da justiça, à identificação de suas fontes: direito natural e positivo e, finalmente, chega-se ao conceito de equidade como justiça no caso em concreto e seu reflexo de cunho metodológico no processo de aplicação adequada da lei positiva e integração de lacunas. Em seguida, volta-se à análise da concepção moderna de direito, seguindo a mesma metodologia inicialmente adotada, partindo-se da delimitação de seu objeto, conceito e fontes, chegando-se a um conceito diverso de equidade assumido pela filosofia jurídica moderna. Finalmente, procura-se demonstrar o processo de retorno da equidade, nos termos clássicos, como justiça no caso em concreto, ao pensamento jurídico moderno, tanto do ponto de vista material, evidenciando o progressivo descolamento da ciência do direito com a sociedade e a necessidade premente de construção de uma teoria jurídica que abranja valores, em especial, justiça, e responda aos anseios sociais em constante mutação; como do ponto de vista metodológico, identificando a insuficiência do método lógico formal como instrumento único disponível ao julgador e a progressiva introdução do processo dialético de construção da justiça caso a caso e da retórica como instrumento de motivação e persuasão do juiz, sem descurar do necessário equilíbrio entre realização da justiça e segurança jurídica. Como conclusão, procura-se demonstrar como o processo de absorção da equidade nos moldes clássicos ocasionou novos contornos à ciência jurídica, refletindo no conceito de direito, na identificação de suas fontes, no objeto e no aspecto metodológico
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Santos, Waleska Machado dos. "A teoria aristotélica da virtude e da justiça." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3084.
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Esta pesquisa apresenta um breve exame acerca da teoria ética aristotélica apresentada na obra Ética a Nicômaco, com ênfase no estudo dos conceitos de virtude e de justiça no intuito de cotejar o pensamento aristotélico com questões da teoria jurídica brasileira contemporânea. Foram analisados conceitos basilares da ética aristotélica, dentre eles felicidade, ação, deliberação e escolha, os quais restaram relacionados às questões éticas atuais. Quando do estudo da teoria da virtude e da justiça buscou-se perceber a existência deste legado no estudo da Ciência Jurídica contemporânea. No que diz respeito à justiça, especificamente, foram verificadas definições fundamentais ao seu estudo como equidade e meio-termo.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-08-24T18:25:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Waleska Machado dos Santos.pdf: 586801 bytes, checksum: ef60e258692aeedeafb9ed14928ab767 (MD5)
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This research presents a brief examination of the Aristotelian ethical theory presented in the work Nicomachus Ethics, with emphasis on the study of the concepts of virtue and justice in order to compare Aristotelian thinking with issues of contemporary Brazilian legal theory. Basic concepts of Aristotelian ethics were analyzed, among them happiness, action, deliberation and choice, which remained related to the current ethical issues. When the study of the theory of virtue and justice sought to perceive the existence of this legacy in the study of contemporary Juridical Science. With regard to justice, specifically, fundamental definitions have been verified for its study as equity and middle ground.
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Eijkman, Henk, and n/a. "Online learning as curricular justice? A critical framework for higher education." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060308.161006.
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This thesis aims to contribute to the optimising of the educational engagement of low socio-economic and other historically underrepresented populations in undergraduate, web-based distance learning in higher education. It establishes, through theoretical and philosophical argument, the value of a participative justice approach to equity, a social constructionist epistemological framework for curricular praxis, and a relational conceptualisation of networked computing. The project to re-map the terrains of equity, curricular practice, and web-based distance learning in higher education emerges out of a realisation that current maps are restrictive, epistemologically flawed, and theoretically deficient, thereby inhibiting the educational engagement of disadvantaged students and obstructing systemically equitable outcomes. Without a new curricular map web-based distance learning is likely to maintain, if not exacerbate, distance education�s historic record as having the highest levels of inequitable outcomes in higher education. In response, the thesis, taking a critical social constructionist stance, problematises current equity, curricular practice, and networked computing discourses in relation to culture, power, and politics. As a critical postmodernist counter-narrative, the thesis proposes paradigm shifts from an access to a participative approach to equity, from an individual to a social learning model for curricular practice in distance education, and from a technocratic to a relational conceptualisation of networked computing. Web-based distance education is positioned as a site of contestation where the need for equity is greatest and the implementation of a new model of curricular practice is most likely to succeed since web-based distance learning is still a newly emerging mode of study in which academics are themselves newcomers in search of effective curricular practices. This leads to the development of �Critical Interdependent Acculturation� as a �next generation� social constructionist curricular practice for web-based distance learning.
Having established the capacity of networked computing to sustain such a curricular practice, this thesis offers academics a new conceptual architecture, �Imaginative Designs for Equitable Achievement of Learning� (IDEAL) to optimise the educational engagement of all students in web-based distance learning in higher education, but especially for those least advantaged. Accordingly, the thesis invites academics to re-evaluate their approach to equity, their epistemic assumptions and to transform rather than transfer old paradigm curricular practices in networked distance learning. The remapping of equity in web-based curricular practices undertaken in this thesis represents a significant contribution to knowledge. The study, by taking a critical postmodernist approach to class, power and social relations, addresses significant research gaps in its theoretical analysis of disadvantaged students in distance education, especially its web-based mode, in which these students are most at risk of educational disengagement. The study targets the operation of social power at the micro-level of curricular practices in higher education and shifts the web-based learning debate from technological access to equitable engagement in its social practices. The reconfiguration of curricular practices to transform the operation of power in mainstream programs positions this study as a groundbreaking project, and by arguing for a systemic curricular response geared towards equitable educational engagement, it affirms that curricular focused research is a significant factor in achieving equity in web-based higher education, rather than being peripheral to it.
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Lazarus, Dayna J. "Making a Case for Equity Planning in Transportation Development: Identifying Indicators and Building a Framework for Hillsborough County, FL." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7840.
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The idea that planners should work toward an equitable society has been part of the profession since the 1960s, largely based on the work of planning theorists like Paul Davidoff, Sherry Arnstein and Norman Krumholz. Transportation planning, however, has been slower than other sectors of the profession, such as housing, to embrace equity planning concepts. That has begun to change as concerns about income inequality, environmental justice and climate change have become more salient. This thesis makes the case that in order to improve social equity outcomes, transportation planners must make social equity an explicit goal and add social equity performance measures and targets to their plans. The study focuses on Hillsborough County, Florida as a case study and analyzes the extent that transportation planning agencies in the county consider social equity in their plans and processes. The data on plans and processes will be compared to data on social equity outcomes related to the distribution of transportation benefits and burdens, and next steps to improve social equity outcomes in the County will be identified in the form of policy recommendations.
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Germansky, Hannah Constance. "Dr. Lillie Jackson Center for the Arts and Social Justice." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103636.
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Architecture informs the structure of society, determining how people move, whose paths cross, and which resources are accessible. By merging social justice initiatives and architectural design, buildings have the power to provide equity, strengthen communities, and encourage dialogue. Empowerment of residents and the disruption of mass incarceration are the goals of this proposal, implemented through community engagement techniques and a mixed-use program supporting employment, job training, housing, social networks, and healing.
Located in Midtown Edmondson's neighborhood of West Baltimore, this social justice center restores a dilapidated parcel of land and former ice factory. The proposed food hall, community center, and garden invite fluid exchange between this hub of resources and the larger society. Simultaneously, current inmates will have the opportunity to engage with the development process through a construction and design apprentice program. Former inmates will find immediate resources to ease the transition back into their community upon release, with supportive networks contributing towards lower recidivism rates and the restoration of voting ability and voice. In a cyclical process, upward individual and communal growth will be redistributed back into the community. Alongside these individuals, local residents are also invited into the fabric of this social justice center.
The project offers interdisciplinary and multi-scalar design from landscape to interiors, adaptive reuse, to new build architecture. By acknowledging history, actively listening, and designing with intention, this project meets current needs and offers a unique perspective on social architecture. With human rights at the forefront of design decisions, the final proposal reveals that design has the power to incite and actively work towards social justice and disrupt systemically racist institutions, like mass incarceration.Master of Architecture
Design that disrupts, takes action and initiates social change against mass incarceration is the goal of this thesis. Through an interdisciplinary approach, engaging with the community through landscape, interior and built form, architecture has the power to interrupt current models of discrimination at the community level and provide platform for people to be empowered to work towards change. The Dr. Lillie Jackson Center for the Arts and Social Justice showcases an alternative means to incarceration, mass surveillance, and removal of voice in West Baltimore. This community center reinforces the idea that public land remain public and that employment, housing, and community networks be seen as a human right, freely accessed. This new model for community empowerment uses architecture to demand autonomy, where people determine the future of their cities and livelihoods. It showcases that the removal of racist institutions and policing policies is not only possible but imperative to attaining social justice. Built environments shape how people experience a city and the degree of safety, freedom, and power which is felt by each individual who occupies it. With this idea in mind, the Dr. Lillie Jackson Center states through its design moves, that mass incarceration must end and in its place, a new model for community driven, bottom-up initiatives which restore, heal and offer opportunities for growth.
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Dheka, Lawrence. "The Bill of Rights as the cornerstone of environmental justice in South Africa : an analysis of section 24." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5295.
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Head, Alexander Hamilton. "Ripples of hope: Rethinking how we prepare teachers to work for equity, diversity and social justice." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315798.
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Vold, Veronica. "Graphic Ecologies: Aesthetics of Environmental Equity in Postwar American Comics." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18549.
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In the postwar era of the United States, as military-industrial chemicals leak into airways, waterways, and foodways in unprecedented plumes and cancer clusters, comic art forms generate diverse environmental imaginations. Though historically disparaged as disposable ephemera, comics provide unique access to environmental expression in this critical period. This dissertation analyzes the formal registers of two independent newspaper strips and four graphic cancer narratives for an aesthetics of equity: a set of verbal-visual moves that chart awareness of environmental devastation as determined by privilege and power. The iconicity of the drawn body--its lines, shape, and movement--grapples with complex legacies of environmental harm and exclusion. Maps of environmental risk perception generated through game board motifs, collages, and icon repetition rely on the capacity of sequential art to engage readers in recognizing and analyzing postwar risk. In form and theme, an aesthetics of equity in comics deploys environmental knowledges subordinated and sharpened by interlocking social inequities. This aesthetics revises the elisions and assumptions of mainstream environmentalisms. Ultimately, comics demand a literacy particularly well suited to environmental justice (EJ) ecocriticsm.
The dissertation comprises three chapters of analysis. The first examines competing environmental discourses in Alison Bechdel's Dykes to Watch Out For (1982-2008). This newspaper strip coincides exactly with the start of the contemporary EJ movement. In examining three character arcs across a quarter of a century, I track the emergence of EJ discourse in Bechdel's distinctly lesbian environmental imagination. The second chapter examines the heteronormative limits of the EJ story arc in Jackie Ormes' midcentury romance strip Torchy in Heartbeats (1953-4). Published weekly in the Comic Section of the Black newspaper the Pittsburgh Courier, Torchy chronicles its eponymous heroine's quest to end environmental racism in the fictional small town of Southville. Torchy's affect and body language revise romance genre conventions and expose sexism and racism as intersecting environmental oppressions. The third chapter examines transcoporeal exchange in four contemporary graphic cancer narratives from the early 21st century. This chapter examines the extent to which graphic cancer narratives "move out," to use Diane Herndl's phrase, to form coalitions with disparate environmental communities.2015-10-17
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Lawrence, David E. "Exploring Equity through the Perspective of White Equity-Trained Suburban Educators and Minoritized Parents." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch162514670003941.
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Greer, LaTanya Sherrie. "Firm But Fair: Authoritative School Climate as a Predictor of Restorative Justice Readiness." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/644.
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The harmful effects of exclusionary disciplinary practices, including its disproportionate impact on Black students, have led to calls for school discipline reform at both the national and state levels. Many have called for the dissolution of zero-tolerance policies and the adoption of alternative methods that can ameliorate their harmful impact. Two reform efforts that have been proffered to address this issue center on school climate and restorative justice (RJ). This study focused on narrow aspects of both: Authoritative School Climate (ASC) and restorative justice readiness (RJR). RJR is defined as the measure of beliefs aligned with foundational RJ principles and values concerning harm, needs, obligations, and engagement. Such alignment can potentially lead to increased buy-in and willingness to implement RJ practices.
While a large portion of the RJ literature focuses on implementation of RJ practices, researchers have indicated the challenge of successfully implementing and sustaining RJ in schools where there is a lack of buy-in or staff alignment with the principles and values of RJ. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Authoritative School Climate, as measured by Disciplinary Structure and Student Support, and the construct Restorative Justice Readiness. A secondary purpose of the study was to develop a reliable instrument that could be used to measure both.
A quantitative methodology was chosen for this study. A survey comprised of tested and original items was administered to high school staff at twelve high schools in the Inland Valley of Southern California and yielded a sample of 126. Multiple analyses were conducted. Findings revealed statistically significant relationships between items in each subscale; a five-factor solution, statistically significant relationships between Restorative Justice Readiness and both Disciplinary Structure and Student Support; and finally, that Disciplinary Structure and Student Support were predictors of Restorative Justice Readiness.
To turn the tide and create more equitable schools, leaders must work to reform current discipline policies and practices. RJ and school climate are two ways to do so. It is important to ensure staff values and beliefs align with these reform efforts before implementation to increase the likelihood of implementation fidelity and sustainability.
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Homer, Allison Kathleen. "Benefits, Burdens, Perceptions, and Planning: Developing a New Environmental Justice Assessment Toolkit for Long Range Transportation Plans." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82840.
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This research presents a new environmental justice assessment toolkit, the Equitable Environmental Justice Assessment Toolkit 2016 (EEJAT 2016). The purpose of this toolkit is to enable urban planners to more effectively measure whether environmental justice populations (low-income, non-white, Limited English proficiency, disabled, or elderly persons) are disproportionately burdened by long-range transportation plans. This toolkit is based on the concept that effective assessment of environmental justice (EJ) in transportation planning requires assessment frameworks that methodologically unify three sometimes divergent interests: those of federal and state bodies enforcing EJ assessment requirements, those of metropolitan planners who face capacity constraints and need guidance on how to conduct these assessments, and, most importantly, those of the protected populations themselves. This thesis involved analysis of current requirements, exploration of existing environmental justice assessment tools, case studies, decision theory, and principles of equity, and stakeholder engagement through surveys, interviews, and public meetings, all towards the development of the toolkit designed for the Roanoke Valley Transportation Planning Organization (RVTPO)'s Constrained Long-range Multimodal Transportation Plan 2040 (CLRMTP 2040) released in 2016. The resulting toolkit is a multi-step framework. The first step is a GIS map-based EJ Index, structured by normalized population distributions for each EJ demographic, and mapped by block group compared to regional (MPO) averages. This z-score based mapping was done in lieu of Roanoke's former linear model in effort to more systematically compare effects, and to more accurately represent the data, and by extension, the people. Second, the Community Profile expands upon the EJ Index to include documentation of community elements and social and economic systematic injustices in the area. Next, a Benefits and Burdens matrix guides planners to an appropriate model or method of assessment for each EJ effect for the project at hand, based on project scale and type, data availability, and skillsets of the assessor. The results of these assessments of each EJ effect are compiled for an overall Project Impact Assessment. Checks on assessor bias based on stakeholder feedback and decision theory are incorporated into this Project Impact Assessment. Cumulatively, the toolkit is designed to incorporate equity as a defining element of both processes and outcomes, to be flexible in order to be applicable to multiple projects, and to be usable by practitioners.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Shrestha, Krishna K. "Collective Action and Equity in Nepalese Community Forestry." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2476.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis critically analyses collective action processes and outcomes in Community Forestry through the concept of embeddedness. This research focuses on the questions of when people cooperate, how and why collective action emerges and evolves, and what leads or does not lead to equitable outcomes. The thesis makes a fundamental distinction between equality and equity. The research focuses specifically on the Nepalese experience with Community Forestry (CF), which is regarded as one of the most progressive CF programs being implemented in one of the poorest countries in the world. The thesis adopts an integrated research approach involving multiple actors, scales and methods with a focus on local level CF processes and forest users. This study considers the Forest Users Group (FUG) as a unit for analysis. Field work was conducted in three FUGs from the mid-hill region of Nepal over seven months between August 2001 and February 2002. The field research moves downwards to the household level and upward to the district, national and international level actors. It employs a combination of the process analysis and actor oriented approach and qualitative and quantitative methods to understand how CF is being driven, who is driving it and why CF is advancing in a certain direction. The study shows that the emergence, evolution and outcomes of collective action in CF are complex and varied due to specific and changing socio-cultural, economic, political and ecological contexts. Without understanding the complexities, in which peoples’ motivation and collective action are embedded, we cannot explain the emergence and evolution of collective action in CF. This thesis challenges the rational choice tradition and some key points of Common Property Regimes (CPR) theory and highlights the concept of embeddedness in participatory natural resource management. The thesis highlights the problem of decentralised CF policy and the forest bureaucracy. Decentralisation universally imposes a formal democratic system based on equality without acknowledging unequal societies. In Nepal, there has been little reorganisation of the forest bureaucracy. Despite being an international model for community forestry, in Nepal the existing bureaucracy has been unable or unwilling to transfer knowledge to forest users. The thesis concludes by stating the need to avoid the pitfalls of some democratic principles associated with standardisation and formalism. This means transforming bureaucratic norms and ideology. Context is central for the sustainable and equitable management of natural resources. It must be further researched and applied in decision-making if CF is going to achieve its potential to improve the condition of forests and the welfare of rural people.
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Dorman, Elizabeth Hope. "The role of context, identity, and pedagogical tools in learning to teach for social justice and equity." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3284432.
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Bast, Elizabeth S. 1977. "Interpreting global justice : variations in perspectives of U.S. environmental organizations on environment, human rights, and social equity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17684.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95).
Environmental movement organizations in the United States have engaged with the global justice movement differently depending on the extent to which they view human rights and social equity issues as part of their environmental work. These organizations, influenced by their organizational history and their work with international groups and coalitions, appear to view these issues and engage with the movement in distinct ways. Some organizations have concentrated on seeking out the root causes of environmental destruction, which has led them to target corporations and corporate practices. These organizations have become involved with the global justice movement from the anti-corporate point of view. Other environmental movement organizations have explicitly incorporated human rights and social equity concerns in their view of environmental problems. These organizations tend to critique international institutions for their inattention to human, as well as environmental, problems, and approach the global justice movement from a human rights and development perspective. This thesis suggests that there are nuances, even within organizations with roots in the same movement, in how organizations interpret and engage with the global justice movement. Some environmental groups may relate to the anti-corporate nature of the movement, while others are drawn more to the human rights and development components.
by Elizabeth S. Bast.
M.C.P.
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Pounders, Cherise. "Social Justice Leadership| Advocating Equity, Access and Opportunity for Black Students Attending Urban High-Poverty Elementary Schools." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10685504.
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The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore and describe the lived experiences and perspectives of 4 elementary school principals and 4 instructional leaders committed to social justice practices who have improved and sustained grade level performance in reading with Black students for the duration of 3 consecutive years.
Four research questions guided this study and included: What strategies are used by elementary principals and instructional leaders to advance equity, access, and opportunity, to improve core teaching and curriculum, address barriers faced, and develop resilience when leading the work of social justice? Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the intention of learning specific leadership strategies used to create, promote, and sustain equitable learning environments where Black students meet and exceed proficiency rates in reading.
Key findings suggest that leaders who accomplish and sustain high academic achievement at their schools hold high expectations for their students, immerse themselves in culturally responsive professional development trainings, seek community supports to enhance curricular programs, and invest in professional study and self-care practices to sustain themselves both professionally and personally. Recommendations for future policy demonstrate the need for principal preparation programs dedicated to addressing social justice leadership practices as a means to advocate equity, access, and opportunity for marginalized and oppressed students everywhere.
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Turaga, Rama Mohana Rao. "Spatial Resolution, Costs, and Equity in Air Toxics Regulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16236.
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Concern about environmental injustice has been driving the recent effort to characterize risks from exposures to air toxics at very fine spatial resolutions. However, few studies seek to understand the potential policy implications of regulating risks at increasingly finer spatial resolutions and the impact of resulting policies on distribution of risks. To address this gap, the broad question for this research is how could the choice of spatial resolution for regulation of risks from toxic air pollutants affect emission controls and the consequences thereof? This research develops a formal model of a hypothetical decision maker choosing emission controls within a risk-based regulatory framework. The model suggests that optimal controls on air toxics emissions vary depending on the spatial resolution chosen to regulate risks; net social costs are non-decreasing as one regulates at finer and finer spatial resolutions.
An empirical application of the model using air toxic emission data for Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties in Florida demonstrates the sensitivity of optimal emissions to spatial resolution chosen for regulation. The research then investigates the equity implications of regulating at different spatial resolutions with regard to the spatial distribution of cancer risks. The empirical results indicate that regulation at finer spatial resolutions could involve a tradeoff between costs and equitable distribution of risks. For example, at a threshold cancer risk of 100 in a million, regulating at census block level resolution could be twice as costly as regulating at census tract resolution while reducing the maximum individual risk by almost half. Further, regulation at finer spatial resolutions might not address environmental injustice by itself unless such concerns are more explicitly incorporated into emission control decisions. Finally, this research shows that spatial resolution at which air toxics risks are regulated could matter in predictable ways even after taking into account the uncertainties that the decision maker faces.
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Brodie, Stefanie R. "Equity considerations for long-range transportation planning and program development." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54344.
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Transportation planning has become increasingly more performance-based over the past several decades. In part due the mandate from the 2012 Federal Surface Transportation Program authorization, Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21), agencies are adopting performance-based policies and programmatic frameworks to integrate the attainment of national goals into the transportation planning and decision making process. As agencies implement performance-driven decision making as a means to achieve national goals, local goals will become subject to the same framework. Although equity is not a national goal, transportation agencies continue to recognize it within their vision and planning goals. However, it is difficult to determine what constitutes equity, and to quantify and measure it. To plan for equitable outcomes in transportation therefore, it is necessary to develop evaluation methods that support the integration of equity in planning processes. The objectives of this research are to develop recommendations for procedures to formally incorporate equity considerations in transportation planning and program evaluation and to propose methodological revisions to existing analytical processes to enable evaluation of cumulative accessibility outcomes. A literature review -- drawing from the theories of equity, Federal regulations for addressing equity in transportation, performance management, and transportation and sustainability -- and practitioner interviews were used to gather information on the common and effective practices for addressing equity in transportation planning at the regional level. This information was an input in the development of a quantitative research approach to explore methodological limitations and planning gaps related to transportation planning for equitable outcomes. These results informed the development of a comprehensive approach to analyze and characterize cumulative impacts (i.e. accessibility) regionally. The approach is used to develop recommendations for regional transportation planning to influence equitable transportation outcomes for the full range of demographic groups over time. The research contributes to the knowledge base and professional practice of transportation planning by putting forward a construction for approaching equity in transportation planning and decision making based on equity theory, developing analytical methods to evaluate transportation investments for equitable outcomes, and offering a set of recommendations for moving transportation planning practices towards transportation planning for equitable outcomes.
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Berger, Julia Lizabeth. "A Moderated-Mediation Model of Pay Secrecy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1378993088.
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Hill, Perry. "AN ANALYSIS OF SELECT ILLINOIS SCHOOL BOARD EFFICACY, AND BOARD-AUTHORIZED STRATEGIES TOWARD GREATER EDUCATIONAL EQUITY THROUGH A FRAMEWORK OF SOCIAL JUSTICE ADVOCACY AND CHANGE THEORY." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1800.
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The presence and prevalence of educational inequities within public education continue to foster structures that limit student opportunities for specific student subgroups. Such limitations negate the tenets of public education and conflict with a system that should embrace success for all. This study explored district leadership, in the form of school boards and governance teams within the frameworks of Change Theory and Social Justice Advocacy, to identify patterns in approaches that could initiate and sustain systemic reform toward greater educational equity.
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Martin, Kasey J. "IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL EQUITY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: HOW COMMUNITY COLLEGES ACHIEVE THE DREAM." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3601.
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Equity is an American ideal, one that is considered the cornerstone to good governance (Gooden, 2011). Achieving equity requires the eradication of racial disparities in opportunities and outcomes, particularly in education. Creating equitable educational experiences at community colleges is the focus of this research.
The purpose of study is to examine the issue of social equity within community colleges in an effort to understand: (1) their efforts to promote student success through equity; (2) their commitment to social equity; and (3) the institutional change that is necessary to create an institutional culture that values social equity and is accountable for equitable student outcomes. Social equity is intrinsic for the promotion of student success within community colleges.
The primary findings of this study are the:
Leadership at the president and senior administrator level is necessary for the conceptualization and communication of an institutional vision of equity.
Once leadership direction and commitment has been established, broad engagement across the institution is necessary for implementation of institutional changes needed to achieve equity.
Improving student success was defined as the means for achieving equity by Round 1 Achieving the Dream colleges.
It is vitally important to have the institutional research capacity that allows for analysis of student progression data, examination of achievement gaps through the disaggregation of student outcome data, evaluation of efforts implemented to improve equitable student outcomes and the overall culture of data informed decision making.
Round 1 Achieving the Dream colleges are more comfortable with the “lift all boats” approach to student success versus a targeted approach based on data disaggregation and achievement gaps.
To implement equity, it is important for community colleges to respond to outcome disparities on an institutional level by committing to the goal of equity. This study shows that recognizing inequity is the first step toward achieving equity. The pursuit of social equity within our public institutions and those that they serve is imperative to a nation that values democratic ideal of equality.
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Mussington, Cathy Griffin. "A Comparative Analysis of The Attitudes and Beliefs of Preservice Teachers Towards Issues of Equity and Social Justice." Connect to resource, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1214247909.
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Iveson, Kieron. "Perceptions of justice and equity in energy infrastructure : stakeholder perspectives on electricity transmission infrastructure planning : where does power lie?" Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/perceptions-of-justice-and-equity-in-energy-infrastructure(f0d43186-dbee-4448-a554-1a1825bc9f9f).html.
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In response to the twin challenges of climate change and energy security, the UK government’s energy strategy includes new nuclear power stations. Large scale centralised generation of this type requires transmission infrastructure to carry electricity from where it is generated to where it is needed. This transmission infrastructure, specifically High Voltage Overhead Transmission Lines (HVOTLs), has met with significant community opposition, even where a new nuclear power station appears to be generally accepted. Acceptance of one major development and rejection of another suggests something other than NIMBYism. This research seeks to unpick perceptions of new electricity transmission infrastructure within the context of whole energy system change. The research comprises a case study of Anglesey, the location of the Wylfa Newydd nuclear power station development and associated transmission infrastructure. The research examines stakeholder perceptions of the planning of this new transmission infrastructure and the consultation which forms a part of that process. The research extends common notions of energy justice to include fairness in siting infrastructure and is informed by Lukes’ Radical View of Power and Rawls’ Justice as Fairness. Twenty two in depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with a range of stakeholders including community members, political representatives and electricity industry representatives. From the interviews the following themes were identified: trust; NIMBYism; sense of place; remember Tryweryn; the white elephant in the room; it’s all about the jobs; consultation, representation and democracy; together but separate / separate but together; comparison, conflation and confusion. The fairness of the process by which transmission infrastructure is determined is called into question. Strategic decisions are made upstream of any community engagement. National Grid are viewed as a force from outside imposing their preferred solution. Power for decision making rests firmly outside the community which hosts the infrastructure and stakeholders report that they have little influence on the outcome of the development. While development may be seen as fair or just on a utilitarian basis and on a wider geographical scale, it falls short of more recent formulations of justice. Earlier deliberative engagement with community members may alleviate dissent and contribute to fairer and more just development.
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Hamman-Fisher, Desireé Ann. "The relationship between job satisfaction and organisational justice among academic employees in agricultural colleges in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2688.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminIn an attempt to make South Africa a more just society after the first democratic elections on 27 April 1994, the South African society had to undergo a number of radical changes which impacted the social, economical, political and educational arena. These changes have influenced recruitment, retention and turnover. Changes at leadership levels in the private and public sphere coupled with a huge exodus of highly skilled professionals are evident as topics of equality and social justice appear at the top of company agendas. Many proponents have conducted research on organisational justice and the fact that more than twenty five thousand articles have been published on job satisfaction attest to the importance of these two variables on organisational performance. In an article examining past, present and future states of organisational justice it is argued that organisational justice has the potential to explain many organisational behavioural outcome variables. An investigation of the relationship between organisational justice perceptions and work behavior found job satisfaction to be made up of a large fairness component. The rationale behind the support for the study is the argument that employees who perceive that they have been fairly treated is likely to hold positive attitudes about their work, their work outcomes and their managers. If South African organisations wish to remain competitive then organisations need to understand how perceptions of justice influence attitudes and behaviour and consequently affect the success of the organisation. Agricultural Colleges, a division of the Department of Agriculture are no exception. The Agricultural Colleges' primary aim is to provide training to its prospective communities, and is continuously being evaluated in terms of how well its academic employees achieve its vision, mission and goals. It is evident from responses to job advertisements, low morale and high turnover that most of the academic employees in Agricultural Colleges are dissatisfied with their jobs, pay, management and the institutions based on their current salary. Attracting, recruiting and retraining highly skilled, internationally marketable and mobile employees are critical factors in determining the present and future success in agricultural training in South Africa. Limited research to examine the effects of organisational justice on organisational outcomes in an environment where the workforce consists of academics is the gap this research attempts to fill. This study is designed to assess the impact of organisational justice on job satisfaction of academic employees in agricultural colleges in South Africa. Also, to determine whether biographical values influence the relationship between organisational justice and job satisfaction.
South Africa
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Gilbert, Angela. "Air Toxics and Equity: A Geographic Analysis of Environmental Health Risks in Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003033.
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