Journal articles on the topic 'Justice, Administration of – Ontario – Toronto'
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Wang, Fei. "Social Justice Leadership—Theory and Practice: A Case of Ontario." Educational Administration Quarterly 54, no. 3 (February 21, 2018): 470–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x18761341.
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Purpose: This study is to investigate how principals promote social justice to redress marginalization, inequity, and divisive action that are prevalent in schools. Research Method: This study employs a qualitative research design with semistructured interviews. Twenty-two elementary and secondary school principals were interviewed in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. Research Findings: Principals who are social justice advocates exercise their influence by focusing on people in an effort to build a socially just community. Their people-centered leadership practice focuses on: putting students at the center, positioning as a social justice leader, developing people for social justice, building school climate through social justice, and fostering positive relationships with families and communities. Social justice leadership is grounded in a very proactive way in bringing about the changes that such a paradigm demands. Implications: This study generates discussions among participants on the dynamics associated with social justice practice and helps practitioners navigate tactically entrenched power structures for the well-being of their students. It also deepens our understanding of social justice leadership by providing empirical evidence how social justice advocates take risks and innovative approaches to social change that embraces the value of democracy, inclusion, representation, and difference.
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Wortley, Scot. "Justice for all? Race and perceptions of bias in the Ontario criminal justice system – A Toronto survey." Canadian Journal of Criminology 38, no. 4 (October 1996): 439–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.38.4.439.
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Lee, Edward G., Alvin J. Shidlowski, and Julian K. Roy. "Consular Immunity: Alleged Criminal Activities of a Consular Officer." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 34 (1997): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006900580000641x.
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SummaryA recent decision of the Ontario Court of Justice (Provincial Division) involving criminal charges of perjury and attempting to obstruct justice against a consular officer posted in Toronto was the occasion for a comprehensive review of the scope and application of consular immunity in Canada. Contrary to the arguments presented by the attorney general of Ontario and the evidence and opinion of the secretary of state for External Affairs, Canada, the court ruled that the consular officer was immune from the criminal jurisdiction of the Court. The Court concluded that the consular officer’s actions were performed in the exerdse of consularfunctions and that while the impugned acts occurred outside the geographical consular district, the immunity was not compromised. The authors conclude that relief through diplomatic channels, rather than criminal prosecution, is the appropriate mechanism for addressing consular misconduct.
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Bowal, Peter. "The New Ontario Judicial Alternative Dispute Resolution Model." Alberta Law Review 34, no. 1 (October 1, 1995): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1107.
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The author introduces the new ADR Pilot Project currently being tried in the Ontario Court of Justice (General Division). Taking place in Toronto, the project is aimed at avoiding civil litigation. It involves ADR referral and management after filing of the Statement of Defence. First, the parties must meet. If the dispute remains unsettled, statements are submitted by the parties. The parties and counsel then attend an ADR session, which can be a mediation, mini-trial, or neutral evaluation. The advantages and disadvantages of the project are then detailed, for the parties, the public interest, and otherwise. The author notes that the pilot project stresses many of the same values that are dominant in provincial arbitration legislation. However, there are also significant differences between the schemes. In the end, the author is optimistic for the success of the project, but cautions that more time must pass before any meaningful assessments can be made.
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Rivers, Ray. "The price of sprawl in Ontario, Canada." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426222.
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The author is an environmental economist who provides consulting services to a wide range of clients from private industry, environmental interest groups and the federal and provincial governments. He has worked with the federal departments of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries and Oceans and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment; lectured at Concordia, the University of Ottawa and Wilfred Laurier University in Public Administration and Sustainable Development; and written widely on a range of environmental topics. Ray Rivers was the Canadian co-author of the Land Use sections in the 1996/1998 State of the Lake Ecosystem Conferences. The text that follows is an edited and revised version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "The Natural City," Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Evelyn, Encalada Grez. "Evelyn Encalada Grez in Conversation with Marlea Clarke." Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 2, no. 2 (October 3, 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd22201616156.
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Evelyn is a community organiser and a PhD candidate at OISE of the University of Toronto. Her dissertation focuses on migrant work across rural Ontario and Rural Mexico. Born in Chile, raised in Canada, Evelyn has worked in El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Honduras with the Central American Network in Solidarity with Women Maquila Workers and with the Workers Support Centre in Puebla, Mexico. Evelyn is a founding member of Justice for Migrant Workers, a political collective that has fought for the rights of migrant farm workers in Canada since 2001
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Wang, Fei. "Conceptualizing social justice: interviews with principals." Journal of Educational Administration 53, no. 5 (August 3, 2015): 667–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-07-2014-0080.
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Purpose – Today, as the understanding of diversity is further expanded, the meaning of social justice becomes even more complicated, if not confusing. The purpose of this paper is to explore how school principals with social justice commitment understand and perceive social justice in their leadership practices. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research design is used for this study. In total, 22 school principals in Ontario were interviewed. The interviews glean data on principals’ work context, their perceptions of social justice, and anecdotes, stories, and examples concerning social justice in their practices. Findings – The research findings draw attention to the central importance of awareness of the social injustices in schools – in structure, policy, and practices – and open space for debate on what can be considered as leadership for social justice. They also provide a useful starting point in exploring how leadership roles and practices can be improved to reverse injustices associated with the diversity of students based on race, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, and ability. Originality/value – What principals perceive may have a significant impact on the actions and practices for social justice. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into principals’ persecutions and perspectives on social justice as they may become norms and criteria that guide their actions.
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Friedland, Martin L., and Kent Roach. "Borderline Justice: Choosing Juries in the Two Niagaras." Israel Law Review 31, no. 1-3 (1997): 120–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700015260.
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This paper examines the use of juries in criminal cases in Canada and the United States. It is part of a larger study of the administration of criminal justice in Niagara County, Ontario and Niagara County, New York. The basic question examined is why persons accused of serious crimes in the United States usually select a jury, whereas persons in similar circumstances in Canada normally select trial by a judge alone. An investigation of this question will enable us to see some significant differences between the administration of criminal justice in the United States and Canada. It will also show how changes in specific procedural rules may affect other practices. There is a complex interplay between procedural rules. The paper concludes by showing that the widespread use of juries in the United States is consistent with the more populist grass-roots approach in American society which tends to distrust government, compared with the traditional respect for authority, including the authority of judges, in Canada.
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Le, Annie N. "Serious Games for Public Safety: How Gamified Education Can Teach Ontarians Emergency Preparedness." Frontiers in Education Technology 5, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fet.v5n4p1.
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According to the Canadian Emergencies act, a national emergency is an urgent, critical situation that threatens the health and safety of Canadians (Department of Justice of Canada, 2022). Emergencies can also take on many forms: pandemics, natural disasters, civil unrest, or armed conflict. Currently, the Provincial Emergency Response Plan implemented by the Chief of Emergency Management Ontario is the framework that keeps Ontarians safe, allowing for organizations and municipalities to organize disaster relief, send out emergency alerts, and educate Ontario residents on emergency preparedness (PERP, 2019). This paper explores how serious games can prepare the public for emergencies based on response frameworks currently in use in metropolitan Ontario, Canada (cities such as Toronto, Ottawa, and Hamilton). This example was selected because it represents modern urban settings that require response plans and provides a framework that can be used to elaborate on. This paper will present the positive features of serious game applications concerning public safety and emergency management education. Case studies of serious game applications currently used for public health and safety purposes will be examined. Serious games may be a useful instrument for public safety education to enhance existing emergency preparedness and public safety education frameworks.
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Goodwin-De Faria, Christine, and Voula Marinos. "Youth Understanding & Assertion of Legal Rights: Examining the Roles of Age and Power." International Journal of Children’s Rights 20, no. 3 (2012): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181812x652607.
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Young people are entitled to the same legal rights as adults. However past research has questioned the extent to which youth effectively understand their rights and perceive that they can assert them when necessary because of their development and power differences vis-à-vis adult criminal justice professionals. Young people’s understanding of their due process rights under theCanadian Charter of Rights and FreedomsandUnited Nations Convention on the Rights of the Childwere examined. Participants were fifty adolescents ranging in age from 13-17 who received a diversionary response by the Crown prosecutor or were sentenced by the court to probation in a courthouse in Toronto, Ontario. Results of semi-structured interviews conducted with youth indicated that while age plays some role, the lack of power experienced by youth vis-à-vis criminal justice professionals has the most bearing on the inability of youth to exercise their rights. Implications of the study are discussed.
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Singh, Rashmee D. "In Between the System and the Margins: Community Organizations, Mandatory Charging and Immigrant Victims of Abuse." Canadian Journal of Sociology 35, no. 1 (October 19, 2009): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs6786.
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The literature on mandatory charging and prosecution policies consistently finds that zero tolerance approaches to woman abuse often harm, rather than help, abused immigrant women. The unexpected removal of abusers triggers detrimental consequences if women are dependent on their partners for immigration status, financial assistance and linguistic support. The violence that immigrant women experience at the hands of the police and courts has led to repeated calls to shift the responsibility of women abuse from the criminal justice system to the community. However, accessing community supports may not be so straightforward either. For a variety of reasons, many abused immigrant women find silence less risky than disclosing abuse. These dilemmas highlight the importance of acquiring more insight into the mediating role that community organizations perform between the criminal justice system and immigrant communities. Accordingly, the following exploratory study offers a glimpse into the anti-violence work of immigrant community organizations in Toronto, Ontario.
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Chapman, Terry L. "From Punishment to Doing Good: Family Courts and Socialized Justice in Ontario, 1880–1940, Dorothy E. Chunn, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992, 43 + 195 pp." Canadian journal of law and society 8, no. 2 (1993): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100003276.
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McCallum, Margaret E. "Book Reviews : DOROTHY CHUNN, From Punishment to Doing Good: Family Courts and Socialized Justice in Ontario, 1880-1940. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992, 249 pp." Social & Legal Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096466399500400114.
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McGill, Shelley. "THE EVOLUTION OF SMALL CLAIMS COURT: RISING MONETARY LIMITS AND USE OF LEGAL REPRESENTATION." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v32i1.4520.
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Do higher small claims court monetary limits expand access to “simplified” justice or do they erode the character of the “People’s Court”? This paper reports the initial findings of a study of claims filed in the Toronto Small Claims Court in the two years before and after Ontario raised the Court’s monetary limit from $10,000 to $25,000. Claim values and distribution across the value range are significantly changed following the monetary limit increase while claim volume remains at pre-increase levels. Predictably, proportionate use of legal representation by plaintiffs and defendants also increases after the limit increase. Les limites pécuniaires plus élevées qui s’appliquent à la compétence de la Cour des petites créances ont-elles pour effet d’élargir l’accès à la justice « simplifiée » ou plutôt d’affaiblir le caractère populaire de cette « cour du peuple »? Ce document fait état des premiers résultats d’une étude des réclamations déposées à la Cour des petites créances de Toronto au cours des deux années qui ont précédé et suivi la date à laquelle l’Ontario a fait passer la limite pécuniaire de la compétence de la Cour de 10 000 $ à 25 000 $. Les valeurs des réclamations et leur répartition dans la fourchette de valeurs évoluent sensiblement après l’augmentation des limites pécuniaires, tandis que le volume des réclamations demeure semblable à celui qu’il était avant cette hausse. L’utilisation proportionnelle de représentants juridiques par les demandeurs et les défendeurs augmente également après l’accroissement des limites, ce qui était prévisible.
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Daiski, Isolde, Nancy Viva Davis Halifax, Gail J. Mitchell, and Andre Lyn. "Homelessness in the Suburbs: Engulfment in the Grotto of Poverty." Studies in Social Justice 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v6i1.1071.
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This paper describes findings of a research inquiry into the lived experience of homelessness in Peel, a suburban region located in the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada. It is based on the data from a collaborative project undertaken by members of the Faculties of Health and Education of York University with two local community organizations. The dominant theme of the narratives was that suburban homelessness is similar to being engulfed in a grotto of poverty, isolated from the rest of the community and invisible to it. Once entrapped in the grotto, it is almost impossible to escape from it. There were four sub-themes: (a) falling into the grotto, (b) living/struggling in the grotto, (c) envisioning escape routes from the grotto, and (d) beauty, community and hope in the grotto. Following a discussion of the findings, researchers describe strategies to address homelessness through promotion of social justice for all.
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Murray, Collette. "Educating from Difference: Perspectives on Black Cultural Art Educators’ Experiences with Culturally Responsive Teaching." Canadian Journal of History 56, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 353–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.56-3-2021-0008.
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Since the 2009 Ontario Ministry’s Equity and Inclusive Education strategy called for the implementation of culturally responsive pedagogy across the board, the voice of the Black creative and content in arts curriculum remains invisible. This primary research centers on the perspectives of African, Caribbean, and Black artists called on for the first time to discuss the successes and challenges of teaching culturally responsive arts in diverse Ontario classrooms. This qualitative study uses critical race theory to examine their experiences of working in Greater Toronto schools and surrounding areas in Ontario, Canada. Using cultural arts from across the African diaspora as a tool, their artistic work is situated within culturally relevant pedagogy, which is an alternative approach to centering on identity, cultural frames of reference, and critical student learning. Yet, as these Black Canadian artists garner successful impacts from culturally responsive teaching in classroom space, they identify simultaneous challenges of institutional unpreparedness, anti-Black racism, cultural appropriation, and legitimizing their cultural artistry to school administration. Semi-structured interviews include rich narratives from artists specializing in contemporary and traditional expressions of orality, visual arts, dance, and drumming/percussion from the African diaspora. While navigating instances of unbelonging, recommendations are proposed to improve the understanding of the artists’ role and improve Canadian educational institutions’ relationship with Black creatives in inclusive education.
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Ho, Alfred Tat-Kei. "Book Review: Sandford Borins, Kenneth Kernaghan, David Brown, Nick Bontis, Perri 6, and Fred Thompson Digital State at the Leading Edge Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2007." American Review of Public Administration 40, no. 4 (June 13, 2010): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074009340006.
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Young, Michael G. "Book Review: Fyson, D. (2006). Magistrates, Police, and People: Everyday Criminal Justice in Quebec and Lower Canada, 1764—1837. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press. xx, 14, 467 pp." International Criminal Justice Review 18, no. 4 (December 2008): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567708323461.
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Lacbawan, Felicitas L., Karen E. Weck, Jeffrey A. Kant, Gerald L. Feldman, and Iris Schrijver. "Verification of Performance Specifications of a Molecular Test: Cystic Fibrosis Carrier Testing Using the Luminex Liquid Bead Array." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2010-0536-oa.
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Context.—The number of clinical laboratories introducing various molecular tests to their existing test menu is continuously increasing. Prior to offering a US Food and Drug Administration–approved test, it is necessary that performance characteristics of the test, as claimed by the company, are verified before the assay is implemented in a clinical laboratory. Objective.—To provide an example of the verification of a specific qualitative in vitro diagnostic test: cystic fibrosis carrier testing using the Luminex liquid bead array (Luminex Molecular Diagnostics, Inc, Toronto, Ontario). Design.—The approach used by an individual laboratory for verification of a US Food and Drug Administration–approved assay is described. Results.—Specific verification data are provided to highlight the stepwise verification approach undertaken by a clinical diagnostic laboratory. Conclusions.—Protocols for verification of in vitro diagnostic assays may vary between laboratories. However, all laboratories must verify several specific performance specifications prior to implementation of such assays for clinical use. We provide an example of an approach used for verifying performance of an assay for cystic fibrosis carrier screening.
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Wiseman, Nelson. "The Guardian: Perspectives on the Ministry of Finance of Ontario, Patrice Dutil, ed., Toronto: University of Toronto Press and The Institute of Public Administration of Canada, 2011, pp. xii, 364." Canadian Journal of Political Science 44, no. 4 (December 2011): 962–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000874.
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Chesterman, Michael. "Contempt: In the Common Law, but not the Civil Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 3 (July 1997): 521–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300060796.
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To allow Court orders to be disobeyed would be to tread the road towards anarchy. If the orders of the Court can be treated with disrespect, the whole administration of justice is brought into scorn. Daily, thousands of Canadians resort to our Courts for relief against the wrongful acts of others. If the remedies that Courts grant to correct those wrongs can be ignored, then there will be nothing left but for each person to take the law into his own hands. Loss of respect for the Courts will quickly result in the destruction of our society. [O'Leary J, in Canada Metal Co. Ltd v. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (1975) 48 DLR 3d 641, 669 (High Court of Ontario)]
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Stokes, Mary. "Dorothy E. Chunn, From Punishment to Doing Good: Family Courts and Socialized Justice in Ontario, 1880–1940, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992. Pp. x, 239. $45.00 (ISBN 0–8020–5993–7)." Law and History Review 12, no. 1 (1994): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073824800001138x.
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Miquelon, Dale. "A tribute to James "Jim" Stewart Pritchard, 1939-2015." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 25, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.490.
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Jim Pritchard, (BA, Carleton University; MA, University of Western Ontario; PhD, University of Toronto) was president of the Canadian Nautical Research Society/Société canadienne pour la recherche nautique from 2002 to 2005 and an active member of the executive council from 1996 until shortly before his untimely passing during the preparation of the present number of The Northern Mariner/Le marin du nord. He worked tirelessly for the journal – to ensure its survival during challenging times of transition, and, always, to keep its contents vital. His book reviews were numerous, the first appearing in volume I. He nurtured the highest standards of scholarship, invariably with good humour, good sense, and generosity. In recognition of Jim’s leadership, and his willing labours in the trenches of administration and peer review, the editors have gathered tributes from a few of his many friends – leaders in scholarship in their own right – whose lives and work he touched.
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Schumann, Rachel, and Carolyn Yule. "Unbreaking Bail?: Post-Antic Trends in Bail Outcomes." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 37, no. 1 (April 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2021.43.
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AbstractAddressing criticism that bail blurs the line between prevention and punishment, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously agreed “it is time to ensure that bail provisions are applied consistently and fairly” (R v Antic 2017 SCC 27, [2017] 1 SCR 509). Rather than reform bail, this decision simply reaffirmed the existing legal mandate: using the ladder principle, accused must be released with the fewest conditions necessary to prevent them from absconding, reoffending/interfering with the administration of justice, and/or bringing the criminal justice system into disrepute. We analyze 480 bail hearings in Ontario, Canada, that occurred pre- and post- the R v Antic decision. Our results reveal that justices are more attentive to the ladder principle post-Antic, such that more accused are released on their own recognizance than in the past. While post-Antic trends show a reduction in the use of certain behaviour-modifying conditions, bail supervision programs are used more frequently. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of Canada’s “broken bail system.”
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Schumann, Rachel, and Carolyn Yule. "Unbreaking Bail?: Post-Antic Trends in Bail Outcomes." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 37, no. 1 (April 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2021.43.
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AbstractAddressing criticism that bail blurs the line between prevention and punishment, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously agreed “it is time to ensure that bail provisions are applied consistently and fairly” (R v Antic 2017 SCC 27, [2017] 1 SCR 509). Rather than reform bail, this decision simply reaffirmed the existing legal mandate: using the ladder principle, accused must be released with the fewest conditions necessary to prevent them from absconding, reoffending/interfering with the administration of justice, and/or bringing the criminal justice system into disrepute. We analyze 480 bail hearings in Ontario, Canada, that occurred pre- and post- the R v Antic decision. Our results reveal that justices are more attentive to the ladder principle post-Antic, such that more accused are released on their own recognizance than in the past. While post-Antic trends show a reduction in the use of certain behaviour-modifying conditions, bail supervision programs are used more frequently. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of Canada’s “broken bail system.”
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Zhu, Lisa M., Jennifer Stinson, Lori Palozzi, Kevin Weingarten, Mary-Ellen Hogan, Silvia Duong, Ricardo Carbajal, Fiona A. Campbell, and Anna Taddio. "Improvements in Pain Outcomes in a Canadian Pediatric Teaching Hospital Following Implementation of a Multifaceted, Knowledge Translation Initiative." Pain Research and Management 17, no. 3 (2012): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/586589.
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BACKGROUND: A previous audit performed at a tertiary/quaternary pediatric hospital in Toronto, Ontario, demonstrated suboptimal assessment and treatment of children’s pain. Knowledge translation (KT) initiatives (education, reminders, audit and feedback) were implemented to address identified care gaps; however, the impact is unknown.OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of KT initiatives on pain outcomes including process outcomes (eg, pain assessment and management practices) and clinical outcomes (eg, pain prevalence and intensity); and to benchmark additional pain practices, particularly opioid administration and painful procedures.METHODS: Medical records at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario) were reviewed on a single day in September 2007. Pain assessment and management practices, and pain prevalence and intensity in the preceding 24 h were recorded on a standardized data collection form. Where possible, pain outcomes were compared with previous audit results.RESULTS: Records of 265 inpatients were audited. Sixty-three per cent of children underwent a documented pain assessment compared with 27% in an audit conducted previously (P<0.01). Eighty-three per cent of children with documented pain received at least one pain management intervention. Overall, 51% of children received pharmacological therapy, and 15% received either a psychological or physical pain-relieving intervention. Of those assessed, 44% experienced pain in the previous 24 h versus 66% in the previous audit (P<0.01). Fewer children experienced severe pain compared with the first audit (8.7% versus 26.1%; P<0.01). One-third of children received opioids; 19% of these had no recorded pain assessment. Among 131 children who underwent a painful procedure, 21% had a concurrent pain assessment. Painful procedures were accompanied by a pain-relieving intervention in 12.5% of cases.CONCLUSIONS: Following KT initiatives, significant improvements in pain processes (pain assessment documentation and pain management interventions) and clinical outcomes (pain prevalence, pain intensity) were observed. Further improvements are recommended, specifically with respect to procedural pain practices and opioid utilization patterns.
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Rayner, Jennifer, Laura Muldoon, Imaan Bayoumi, Dale McMurchy, Kate Mulligan, and Wangari Tharao. "Delivering primary health care as envisioned." Journal of Integrated Care 26, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-02-2018-0014.
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PurposeFor over 40 years, Canadian and international bodies have endorsed comprehensive primary health care (PHC), yet very little work has been done to describe how services and programs are delivered within these organizations. Because health equity is now of greater interest to policy makers and the public, it is important to describe an evidence-informed framework for the delivery of integrated and equitable PHC. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a “Model of Health and Well-being” (MHWB) that provides a roadmap to the delivery of PHC in a successful network of community-governed PHC organizations in Ontario, Canada.Design/methodology/approachThe MHWB was developed through an iterative process that involved members of community-governed PHC organizations in Ontario and key stakeholders. This included literature review and consultation to ensure that the model was evidence informed and reflected actual practice.FindingsThe MHWB has three guiding principles: highest quality health and well-being for people and communities; health equity and social justice; and community vitality and belonging. In addition, there are eight attributes that describe how services are provided. There is a reasonable evidence base underpinning the all principles and attributes.Originality/valueAs comprehensive, equitable PHC organizations become increasingly recognized as critical parts of the health care system, it is important to have a means to describe their approach to care and the values that drive their care. The MHWB provides a blueprint for comprehensive PHC as delivered by over 100 Community Governed Primary Health Care (CGPHC) organizations in Ontario. All CGPHC organizations have endorsed, adopted and operationalized this model as a guide for optimum care delivery.
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Schinas, MSc, Anna, Shein Nanji, BSc, Kira Vorobej, MSc, Catherine Mills, MSc, Dawn Govier, BSc, and Beatrice Setnik, PhD. "Key characteristics and habits of the recreational opioid user." Journal of Opioid Management 15, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2019.0542.
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Objective: To identify key characteristics and habits of recreational opioid users.Design: The data were compiled from volunteers who participated in clinical studies at a contract research organization in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Interventions: Data were collected from 5,018 male and female recreational opioid users via telephone and face-to-face screening interviews. Five recreational opioid users participated in a live interview broadcast on the internet.Main outcome measures: Demographic data, recreational drug use history, routes of recreational drug administration, alcohol use, and smoking status. A subset of the demographic information and recreational drug use history was summarized separately using data collected between 2013 and 2016 from 114 recreational opioid users who were not dependent on opioids. Interview excerpts were included from five recreational opioid users who described their real-world experiences with drug abuse, including the impact of abuse-deterrent opioid formulations on their drug abuse behavior.Results: The preferred route of administration of opioids was oral (52 percent), followed by intranasal (36 percent), intravenous (10 percent), and buccal (chewing on a patch; 2 percent). Other substances used included nicotine, alcohol, and non-opioid psychoactive drugs (primarily cannabis). Oxycodone was the most frequently reported opioid of abuse.Conclusions: Recreational opioid users have distinct drug-related behaviors and preferences. Monitoring current trends and examining these behaviors is an important component to understand the potential safety risks associated with recreational opioid use.
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Polenz, Chanele K., Amanda S. Manoharan, Laura Sevick, Christina Marchand, Maha Hassan, Ronald L. Burkes, and Christine B. Brezden. "Time from surgery to first adjuvant chemotherapy: Experiences at two Toronto hospitals." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e17557-e17557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e17557.
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e17557 Background: Optimal treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) includes the timely administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). While Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) guidelines advise that CRC patients receive their first AC no later than 8 weeks after surgical resection, new data suggests treatment should begin between 4 and 6 weeks. This retrospective study was performed to determine the treatment times and identify barriers at two Toronto hospitals: St. Michael’s Hospital (SMH) and Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH). Methods: Of all 797 patients diagnosed with CRC between January 1, 2005 and April 30, 2012 at SMH and MSH, 483 patients did not meet eligibility criteria. Thus, our sample population of 314 patients had stage II or III CRC, and received both surgical resection and AC at each respective hospital. Data collected included: time from surgery to first AC, patient demographics, and systemic/clinical barriers. Data was analyzed using statistical methods in Excel, assuming p-values <0.05 as significant. Results: The mean ageof the patients was 60.5 years (range 23 – 91); 55% were male and 72% had stage III disease; 75% (237/314) had colon cancer and 75% of AC was the FOLFOX regimen. The mean time from surgery to first AC was 57.4 days (sd = 16.8) or 8.2 weeks (range 4.1-18.7). Referral from surgeon averaged 20 days (sd=29.3). Time from medical oncology consult to first AC averaged 26.5 days (sd=30.8) including 23 days awaiting port-a-cath insertion. Post-operative medical complications affected 23.6% of patients. The presence of a complication was associated with delay in AC (10.6 days, p<0.001). An association between tumour site (eg. colon vs. locally advanced rectal cancer) and delay (p=0.0002) was also observed. Conclusions: Adherence to CCO guidelines can be optimized in CRC patients at SMH and MSH. The presence of a medical complication and tumour site are both factors associated with delays in AC treatment post-surgery. To improve the timeliness of care and achieve greater consistency between hospitals, rapid-cycle improvement of confounding barriers will be adopted.
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Marshall, Emily Gard, Mylaine Breton, Michael Green, Lynn Edwards, Caitlyn Ayn, Mélanie Ann Smithman, Shannon Ryan Carson, et al. "CUP study: protocol for a comparative analysis of centralised waitlist effectiveness, policies and innovations for connecting unattached patients to primary care providers." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e049686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049686.
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IntroductionAccess to a primary care provider is a key component of high-functioning healthcare systems. In Canada, 15% of patients do not have a regular primary care provider and are classified as ‘unattached’. In an effort to link unattached patients with a provider, seven Canadian provinces implemented centralised waitlists (CWLs). The effectiveness of CWLs in attaching patients to regular primary care providers is unknown. Factors influencing CWLs effectiveness, particularly across jurisdictional contexts, have yet to be confirmed.Methods and analysisA mixed methods case study will be conducted across three Canadian provinces: Ontario, Québec and Nova Scotia. Quantitatively, CWL data will be linked to administrative and provider billing data to assess the rates of patient attachment over time and delay of attachment, stratified by demographics and compared with select indicators of health service utilisation. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with policymakers, patients, and primary care providers to elicit narratives regarding the administration, use, and access of CWLs. An analysis of policy documents will be used to identify contextual factors affecting CWL effectiveness. Stakeholder dialogues will be facilitated to uncover causal pathways and identify strategies for improving patient attachment to primary care.Ethics and disseminationApproval to conduct this study has been granted in Ontario (Queens University Health Sciences and Affiliated Teaching Hospitals Research Ethics Board, file number 6028052; Western University Health Sciences Research Ethics Board, project 116591; University of Toronto Health Sciences Research Ethics Board, protocol number 40335), Québec (Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie, project number 2020–3446) and Nova Scotia (Nova Scotia Health Research Ethics Board, file number 1024979).
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Mc Donnell, Conor. "Opioid Medication Errors in Pediatric Practice: Four years’ Experience of Voluntary Safety Reporting." Pain Research and Management 16, no. 2 (2011): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/739359.
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BACKGROUND: Opioids are the most common source of drug error that leads to harm in pediatric hospitals.OBJECTIVE: To undertake a comprehensive review of experience with voluntary safety reports describing pediatric opioid medication errors at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario), and to characterize the specific opioids involved, severity and type of error described, hospital location and time of day that the error occurred.METHODS: All medication-related safety reports submitted to an anonymous, voluntary electronic safety reporting database in a university-affiliated pediatric hospital during the first four years of its use were examined. A database of opioid error reports was created for further analysis.RESULTS: A total of 5935 medication-related safety reports were collected, 507 of which described opioids. Morphine was the most frequently reported opioid, administration was the most frequently reported stage of the medication process (192 errors) and surgical wards were the location from which opioid error was most frequently reported (128 reports). Twenty-two reports described patient harm requiring urgent treatment and intervention. Errors with codeine or hydromorphone resulted in the most significant harm reported. A total of 162 reports described problems with inappropriate opioid disposal, missing opioids, or incorrect opioid counts and checks.CONCLUSIONS: Future opportunities for improvement in opioid safety should focus on morphine, opioid administration errors in general, the safe disposal of opioids in the hospital environment and the identification of pain as an adverse event.
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Maslove, Allan M. "The Guardian: Perspectives on the Ministry of Finance of Ontario Edited by PatriceDutil. Toronto: University of Toronto Press/Institute of Public Administration of Canada Series in Public Management and Governance, 2011. Pp. ix, 400, bibliographical refer." Canadian Public Administration 55, no. 1 (March 2012): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-7121.2012.00211.x.
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McIvor, RA, AR Rachlis, P. Berger, LR Lee Pack, and Charles K. Chan. "Risk Factors for BreakthroughPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia on Aerosol Pentamidine Prophylaxis." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2, no. 1 (1995): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/948507.
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OBJECTIVE: To identify baseline characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals on aerosol pentamidine forPneumocystis cariniiprophylaxis that are predictive of subsequent breakthroughPneumocystis cariniipneumonia (PCP).DESIGN: Nested case-control study assembled from a cohort of patients enrolled in the Toronto aerosol pentamidine program.METHODS: Subjects were selected from a cohort of HIV-infected individuals were enrolled in a community based aerosol pentamidine program between May 1989 and May 1992 in Toronto, Ontario. Cases - individuals who had breakthrough PCP - were matched with up to two controls enrolled in the same week. Risk factors examined for development of PCP for both primary and secondary prophylaxis included age, sex, smoking history, evidence of bronchospasm during aerosol pentamidine administration (fall of forced expiratory volume [FEV] 15% or more), administration of salbutamol before aerosol pentamidine, pulmonary function tests including lung volumes, flow rates and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. In the primary prophylaxis group, CD4 count at enrolment and in the secondary prophylaxis group, time from the most recent episode of PCP to enrolment for aerosol pentamidine and total time from the most recent episode of PCP to breakthrough PCP were examined as additional risk factors.RESULTS: A total or 1344 patients we re enrolled in the aerosol pentamidine program, 78% for primary prophylaxis and 22% for secondary prophylaxis. At the time of census at the end or 1992 there had been 96 episodes or breakthrough PCP, 5% on primary prophylaxis and 14.5% on secondary prophylaxis. In the primary prophylaxis group, enrolment CD4 count was significantly lower in the cases developing breakthrough PCP: 116±74 compared with 175±85 cells/mm3in the control group (P=0.001). There was no difference in any other variable. In the secondary prophylaxis group, time from the most recent episode of PCP to initiation of aerosol pentamidine therapy was longer in the cases developing breakthrough PCP: mean delay 6.1±6.6 months compared with 3.1±2.1 in controls (P=0.02). There was no difference in the other variables examined.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support immune augmentation for patients receiving aerosol pentamidine for primary prophylaxis, and aerosol pentamidine should be recommenced as soon as possible following an episode of PCP, for secondary prophylaxis.
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Kastanias, Patti, Sue Gowans, Paul S. Tumber, Kianda Snaith, and Sandra Robinson. "Patient-Controlled Oral Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Management Following Total Knee Replacement." Pain Research and Management 15, no. 1 (2010): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/528092.
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PURPOSE: To investigate whether patient-controlled oral analgesia (PCOA) used by individuals receiving a total knee replacement could reduce pain, increase patient satisfaction, reduce opioid use and/or reduce opioid side effects when compared with traditional nurse (RN)-administered oral analgesia.METHODS: Patients who underwent an elective total knee replacement at a quaternary care centre (Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario) were randomly assigned to either PCOA or RN-administered short-acting oral opioids on postoperative day 2. Subjects in the RN group called the RN to receive their prescribed short-acting opioid. Subjects in the PCOA group kept a single dose of their prescribed oral opioid at their bedside and took this dose when they felt they needed it, to a maximum of one dose every 2 h. Study outcomes, collected on postoperative day 2, included pain (measured by the Brief Pain Inventory – Short Form), patient satisfaction (measured by the Pain Outcome Questionnaire Satisfaction sub-scale – component II), opioid use (oral morphine equivalents), opioid side effects (nausea, pruritis and/or constipation) and knee measures (maximum passive knee flexion and pain at maximum passive knee flexion, performed on the operative knee).RESULTS: Study outcomes were analyzed twice. First, for a subset of 73 subjects who remained in their randomly assigned group (PCOA group, n=36; RN group, n=37), randomized analyses were performed. Second, for the larger sample of 88 subjects who were categorized by their actual method of receiving oral opioids (PCOA group, n=41; RN group, n=47), as-treated analyses were performed. There were no differences in study outcomes between the PCOA and RN groups in either analysis.CONCLUSION: PCOA was not superior to RN administration on study outcomes. However, PCOA did not increase opioid use or pain. PCOA remains an important element in the patient-centred care facility.
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Lewis, Elyse O’C, and Don MacKenzie. "UberHOP in Seattle." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2650, no. 1 (January 2017): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2650-12.
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UberHOP is a commute-focused interpretation of the Uber suite of transportation services, with the goal of reducing personal vehicle commute trips. The service first launched in Seattle, Washington, and Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in December 2015 and expanded to Manila, Philippines, in early 2016. UberHOP is similar to vanpooling with fixed pickup and drop-off locations in the primary commute direction during peak hours, but it leverages Uber’s ridesourcing platform to replace fixed departure schedules with riders matched in real time. This paper reports on an intercept survey (83% response rate) to understand who rode, how they traveled to the pickup location, why they rode, and what modes UberHOP was replacing for all 11 UberHOP routes in Seattle during the morning and evening commute periods. In addition, detailed trip and total rider count data were collected during the survey administration process. The results show that many UberHOP riders made UberHOP their primary form of commute mode. Unlike standard ridesourcing services, UberHOP riders predominantly replaced public transportation modes rather than personal vehicles. UberHOP services were canceled in Seattle in August 2016. However, with larger rider densities per trip, the UberHOP model can be profitable, and it is reasonable to expect that Uber or others will resurrect a similar service in the future.
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Tanaka, Tomohiro, Eberhard L. Renner, Nazia Selzner, George Therapondos, and Leslie B. Lilly. "One Year of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Plus Tenofovir Therapy is Safe and Effective in Preventing Recurrent Hepatitis B Infection Post-Liver Transplantation." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 28, no. 1 (2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/839014.
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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) given in combination with a nucleos(t)ide analogue has reduced the rate of recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection following liver transplantation (LT); however, the most effective protocol remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in combination with one year of low-dose HBIG.METHODS: Twenty-four adults who underwent LT for HBV-related liver disease at the University Health Network (Toronto, Ontario) and received TDF (± lamivudine) and one year of HBIG to prevent recurrent HBV infection from June 2005 to June 2011 were evaluated.RESULTS: The median length of follow-up post-LT was 29.1 months. Three patients died during the follow-up period. Patient survival was 100% and 84.1% at one and five years, respectively. None of the patients developed recurrent HBV infection. No significant adverse event was observed due to TDF administration; renal function pre- and post-LT were also acceptably preserved.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that a short, finite course of low-dose HBIG combined with maintenance of long-term TDF staring before LT is cost-effective and safe. However, further prospective study involving a larger patient cohort with a longer followup period is required to confirm the results.
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Abodeely, John, Ken Cole, Janna Graham, Ayanna Hudson, and Carmen Mörsch. "Responding to “Why the Arts Don't Do Anything: Toward a New Vision for Cultural Production in Education”." Harvard Educational Review 83, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.83.3.24407v6563122080.
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In the spring of 2013, the Harvard Educational Review (HER) published a special issue entitled Expanding Our Vision for the Arts in Education (Vol. 83, No. 1). Following a variety of forward-looking essays and arts learner reflections concerning the potential of the arts in education, the issue concluded with a provocative scholarly article, “Why the Arts Don't Do Anything: Toward a New Vision for Cultural Production in Education,” written by Rubén A. Gaztambide-Fernández, an associate professor in the Department of Curriculum, Teaching, and Learning at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto. In this piece, Gaztambide-Fernández makes the case that advocacy for arts education is trapped within a “rhetoric of effects” because the arts, as we conceive of them in educational environments today, rely too heavily on instrumental and intrinsic outcomes while only shallowly embodying a commitment to, or a consideration of, cultural practice. Gaztambide-Fernández further argues that what counts as “the arts” is based on traditional, Eurocentric, hierarchical notions of aesthetic experience. According to him, this discursive positioning of the arts within traditional Eurocentric power structures complicates arts teaching and learning for arts educators, especially those committed to issues of social justice. As an alternative, he suggests discursively repositioning the arts within a “rhetoric of cultural production,” positing that such a discursive shift would reconceptualize arts education as experiences that produce culture.
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Dallas, Shannon, Stanley E. Read, Susan King, Gideon Koren, and Reina Bendayan. "Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Zidovudine and Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole in HIV-1 Infected Children." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 11, no. 5 (2000): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/640718.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the antimicrobial agent trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) on the pharmacokinetic properties of the antiretroviral drug zidovudine (ZDV).DESIGN: This single dose, open label, crossover study involved the oral administration of ZDV (150 mg/m2) alone and in combination with oral TMP/SMX (2.5 mg/kg) on two separate occasions. Serial blood samples (0 to 8 h) were collected, and concentrations of ZDV and its glucuronide metabolite were quantified using a radioimmunoassay. ZDV pharmacokinetics were determined by noncompartmental analysis.PATIENTS AND SETTING: Six HIV-1 infected children aged four months to five years were recruited from the HIV clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario. Only three patients completed both study phases and were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis.MAIN RESULTS: With TMP/SMX therapy, no statistically significant changes were observed in ZDV pharmacokinetic parameters. However, there was a trend towards increased ZDV half-life and area under the concentration versus time curve, as well as decreased apparent oral clearance. Similarly, a trend towards an increased half-life of the ZDV-glucuronide metabolite was also observed.CONCLUSION: The changes in ZDV pharmacokinetics in the presence of TMP/SMX did not reach statistical significance, most likely due to the limited number of patients involved. Despite the limited data, a possible interaction between ZDV and TMP/SMX in young HIV-1 infected children should be considered, and patients may require close clinical monitoring.
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Joos, Thad H. "EFFICACY OF FREQUENT NEBULIZED IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE ADDED TO FREQUENT HIGH-DOSE ALBUTEROL THERAPY IN SEVERE CHILDHOOD ASTHMA." Pediatrics 98, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.2.342.
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Purpose of the Study. High-dose nebulized albuterol has become the standard of treatment for the severely wheezing asthmatic child. The role, dose, and frequency of administration of ipratropium bromide in this same group of children requires further definition. Methods. From the Emergency Department of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 120 children 5 to 17 years of age with severe asthma as determined by a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of less than 50% predicted normal were equally divided and entered into a double-blinded, placebo-controlled treatment protocol. All groups received 0.15 mg albuterol/kg/dose nebulized every 20 minutes χ3. Group 1 had 250 µg of ipratropium bromide added to each treatment. Group 2 had the same amount of ipratropium bromide added to only the initial aerosol with a like amount of saline added to aerosols 2 and 3. Group 3 had only saline added to each aerosol. No corticosteroids were administered to any patient in the first hour. The entire cohort was meticulously monitored for oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, accessory muscle use, cyanosis, wheezing and pulmonary function test parameters by a skilled research nurse. Results. As expected, all patients improved to a degree but those with the lowest FEV1s who were treated with ipratropium in each aerosol responded the best and were admitted to the hospital less frequently. No serious untoward side effects were observed in any patient. Reviewer's Comment. I feel the article is a must read for all physicians caring for acutely wheezing asthmatic children.
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Van Limbergen, Johan, Jennifer Haskett, Anne M. Griffiths, Jeff Critch, Hien Huynh, Najma Ahmed, Jennifer C. deBruyn, et al. "Toward Enteral Nutrition in the Treatment of Pediatric Crohn Disease in Canada: A Workshop to Identify Barriers and Enablers." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 29, no. 7 (2015): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/509497.
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The treatment armamentarium in pediatric Crohn disease (CD) is very similar to adult-onset CD with the notable exception of the use of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN [the administration of a liquid formula diet while excluding normal diet]), which is used more frequently by pediatric gastroenterologists to induce remission. In pediatric CD, EEN is now recommended by the pediatric committee of the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition as a first-choice agent to induce remission, with remission rates in pediatric studies consistently >75%. To chart and address enablers and barriers of use of EEN in Canada, a workshop was held in September 2014 in Toronto (Ontario), inviting pediatric gastroenterologists, nurses and dietitians from most Canadian pediatric IBD centres as well as international faculty from the United States and Europe with particular research and clinical expertise in the dietary management of pediatric CD. Workshop participants ranked the exclusivity of enteral nutrition; the health care resources; and cost implications as the top three barriers to its use. Conversely, key enablers mentioned included: standardization and sharing of protocols for use of enteral nutrition; ensuring sufficient dietetic resources; and reducing the cost of EEN to the family (including advocacy for reimbursement by provincial ministries of health and private insurance companies). Herein, the authors report on the discussions during this workshop and list strategies to enhance the use of EEN as a treatment option in the treatment of pediatric CD in Canada.
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Aquilina, Edwin Charles. "Urban sustainability and public awareness: The role of the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy in Canada." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426217.
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The author, Co-Chair, Urban Sustainability Task Force of the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, and Special Advisor to the Mayor of the City of Ottawa, is a former senior public servant and international consultant with extensive experience in public administration, policy formulation and program management relating to economic and regional growth, infrastructure development, social development as well as urban planning and conservation. With degrees in International Affairs from Carleton College in Minnesota and Political Science and Economics from Columbia University, he also holds Certificates in Russian Studies from Columbia University and in Military and Strategic Studies from the National Defense College in Kingston, Ontario. Mr Aquilina had a long career in the federal public service which included appointments to the Civil Service Commission, the Prime Minister's Office and the Privy Council Office. He served as Assistant-Deputy Minister in the Departments of Regional Economic Expansion, Secretary of State and Finance. He also occupied the positions of Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Board, General Manager of the National Capital Commission and Chair of the Task Force on Decentralization of Government Operations. As a consultant, he provided senior advice to the governmentof Lebanon on public service reform and headed a task force in Ethiopia on public finance reform. He was also a senior member of two missions from Canada to the governments of Benin and Haiti. The text that follows is an edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Kidd, Sean, and Kwame McKenzie. "Social entrepreneurship and services for marginalized groups." Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 7, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eihsc-03-2013-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the usefulness of the social entrepreneurship (SE) framework in highlighting effective models of service development and practice in mental health equity. Design/methodology/approach – Using a rigorous SE search process and a multiple case study design, core themes underlying the effectiveness of five services in Toronto, Canada for transgender, Aboriginal, immigrant, refugee, and homeless populations were determined. Findings – It was found that the SE construct is highly applicable in the context of services addressing mental health inequities. In the analysis five core themes emerged that characterized the development of these organizations: the personal investment of leaders within a social justice framework; a very active period of clarifying values and mission, engaging partners, and establishing structure; applying a highly innovative approach; maintaining focus, keeping current, and exceeding expectations; and acting more as a service working from within a community than a service for a community. Practical implications – These findings may have utility as a guide for individuals early in their trajectories of SE in the area of mental health equity and as a tool that can be used by decision maker “champions” to better identify and support SE endeavours. Originality/value – In a context characterized by increasing attention given to models of SE in health equity, this study is the first to directly examine applicability to mental health equity.
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Sangster, Joan. "The Legal and Medical Regulation of Nineteenth Century WomenPETTICOATS AND PREJUDICES: WOMEN AND LAW IN NINETEENTH CENTURY CANADA. Constance Backhouse. Toronto: Women’s Press, 1991.FROM PUNISHMENT TO DOING GOOD: FAMILY COURTS AND SOCIALIZED JUSTICE IN ONTARIO, 1880-1940. Dorothy Chunn. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.THE NATURE OF THEIR BODIES: WOMEN AND THEIR DOCTORS IN VICTORIAN CANADA. Wendy Mitchin-son. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991.MARGARET MCWILLIAMS, AN INTERWAR FEMINIST. Mary Kinnear. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1991." Journal of Canadian Studies 28, no. 1 (February 1993): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.28.1.199.
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Clarysse, Liana B., and Shannon A. Moore. "Silencing Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Analysis of Canadian Educational, Legal and Administrative Practice." International Journal of Law and Public Administration 2, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijlpa.v2i1.4157.
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As a result of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (or TRCC, 2015a, 2015b), calls to action concerning education and law reform have been made. Currently, there is an increase in reconciliation discourse in law, healthcare and education policy, curricula and pedagogy. In Canada, efforts to decolonize institutional structures compel scholars and activists to highlight the imperative of critical analysis of identity and place in answering the calls to action. Although it was developed by the Ministry of Education for the province of Ontario, more than a decade ago, prior to the TRCC, the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Education Policy Framework continues to inform policy and administrative procedures. Informed by Indigenous knowledge systems embedded in restorative justice and peace-building practices, this paper presents a critical analysis of the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Education Policy Framework (2007) and finds evidence resembling discursive settler-colonial patterns of Indigenous erasure through the practice of silencing Indigenous participation and voice. Through this critical analysis, several themes emerged including colonialism, survivance, patriarchy, self-identification, notions of education, assessment, and “us versus them” binary narratives. In response, this paper argues for a trans-systemic and transdisciplinary approach to the critical analysis of discursive patterns of silencing and erasure in policy, law reform, and administrative processes. Further, through deepening interpretations and understandings of Indigenous theory and knowledge systems, it may be possible for settler-colonial stakeholders to more acutely discern the impact of settler-colonialism embedded in education, policy, administration, and legal discourses. These findings have implications for educators and administrators as well as administrative, law and policy reform.
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Sossin, Lorne, and Zimra Yetnikoff. "I CAN SEE CLEARLY NOW: VIDEOCONFERENCE HEARINGS AND THE LEGAL LIMIT ON HOW TRIBUNALS ALLOCATE RESOURCES." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 25, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v25i2.4614.
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Videoconferencing has generated ambivalence in the legal community.Some have heralded its promise of unprecedented access to justice,especially for geographically remote communities. Others, however, havequestioned whether videoconferencing undermines fairness. The authorsexplore the implications of videoconferencing through the case studyof the Ontario Landlord and Tenant Tribunal, which is one of thebusiest adjudicative bodies in Canada. This analysis highlights concernsboth with videoconferencing in principle and in practice. While suchconcerns traditionally have been the province of public administration,the authors argue that a tribunal’s allocation of resources and thesuffi ciency of its budget are also core concerns of administrative law.Administrative law reaches beyond conventional doctrines of proceduralfairness on the one hand and substantive rationality on the other. Howthe legislature structures and funds decision-making bodies is not just amatter of political preference but also of legal suffi ciency. The commonlaw, the Charter of Rights, and unwritten constitutional principles suchas the rule of law and access to justice all provide potential constraintsboth on governments and tribunals as to the organization and conductof adjudicative hearings, especially in settings like the Landlord andTenant Tribunal, where the rights of vulnerable people are at stake.While a challenge to the videoconferencing practices of the Landlordand Tenant Tribunal has yet to be brought, the authors conclude thateventually the intersection of tribunal resources with the fairness andreasonableness of that tribunal’s decision-making will reach the courts.How the courts resolve these challenges may represent the next frontierof administrative law.La vidéoconférence a suscité de l’ambivalence au sein de la communautéjuridique. Certains ont proclamé sa promesse d’un accès sansprécédent à la justice, surtout pour les communautés géographiquementéloignées. D’autres, cependant, ont soulevé la question à savoir si lavidéoconférence mine l’équité. Les auteurs explorent les conséquencesde l’utilisation de la vidéoconférence en faisant une étude de cas duTribunal du logement de l’Ontario, un des organismes juridictionnelsles plus occupés au Canada. Cette analyse met en lumière despréoccupations en rapport avec la vidéoconférence en principe et enpratique. Quoique de telles préoccupations ont traditionnellement été du ressort de l’administration publique, les auteurs soutiennent quel’allocation des ressources par un tribunal et la suffi sance de son budgetsont également des préoccupations centrales du droit administratif.Le droit administratif va au delà des doctrines conventionnellesd’équité procédurale d’une part et de la rationalité substantive d’autrepart. La façon dont le législateur organise et fi nance les organismesdécideurs n’est pas simplement question de préférence politique maisaussi de suffi sance légale. Le common law, la Charte des droits etles principes constitutionnels non écrits tels que l’autorité de la loiet l’accès à la justice imposent tous des contraintes potentielles auxgouvernements et aux tribunaux quant à l’organisation d’audiencesadjudicatives et la façon de les mener, surtout dans un cadre tel que leTribunal du logement de l’Ontario, où sont en jeu les droits de gensvulnérables. Quoique les pratiques de vidéoconférence du Tribunaldu logement de l’Ontario n’aient pas encore été contestées, les auteursconcluent qu’éventuellement la conjoncture des ressources du tribunalet de l’équité et l’aspect raisonnable du processus de décision de cetribunal va parvenir à la cour. La façon dont les cours règleront cescontestations pourrait devenir le prochain domaine d’exploration dudroit administratif.*
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Darani, Shaheen, Kiran Patel, Laura Hayos, Tanya Connors, Faisal Islam, Anika Saiva, and Sandy Simpson. "Education for corrections officers to better meet the mental health needs of inmates." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S132—S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.379.
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AimsIn Canada, there has been an increase in the rate of incarceration of individuals with mental health diagnoses. Overrepresentation of individuals with psychiatric diagnoses in correctional settings is well-established. Front-line officers play a central role in dealing with mental health struggles of inmates. Nonetheless, the training that officers receive is often considered inadequate. To address this gap, the goal of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate a mental health training for correctional officers at the Toronto South Detention Centre (TSDC) and Vanier Centre for Women (VCW) in Ontario, Canada.MethodA needs assessment was undertaken among officers at the TSDC. In response to needs identified, a one-day course was delivered to officers (n = 57) at the TSDC and VCW (n = 41). The curriculum included mental health awareness; assessment of risk; communicating with inmates in distress; and self-care. Live simulations provided the opportunity for participants to identify signs of mental illness, assess risk, and respond strategically to de-escalate situations. Participants’ knowledge and confidence in their ability to identify and assist individuals with these problems was established using pre and post measures. Participant satisfaction was also measured via a survey. A three-month follow-up administration was used to determine maintenance of gains. Focus groups at nine months were conducted to understand participants’ needs, learning, and impact of training.ResultThe results were promising, with 92% and 88% of participants at TSDC and Vanier Centre for Women respectively expressing satisfaction and 62% and 68% at TSDC and Vanier Centre for Women respectively stating they intended to change practices. Analyses of change in knowledge and confidence scores pre to post-training showed statistically significant improvement in all areas measured. Three-month follow-up at TSDC showed 75% of respondents have applied what they learned from the training to a “moderate or great extent”. Focus group themes showed improved attitudes and ability to identify behaviours related to inmate mental health struggles and interest in further training to support officers’ mental health.ConclusionThis study shows that training informed by officer learning needs can help them better meet the mental health needs of inmates. Training can improve attitudes toward inmates presenting with mental health issues. Training that is interactive and provides skills practice can have sustained impact on practice. Further training should integrate self-care to support officers' mental health.
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Acheson, William. "Presidential Address: Doctoral Theses and the Discipline of History in Canada, 1967 and 1985." Historical Papers 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030944ar.
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Abstract A comparison of doctoral theses in progress in 1967 and 1985 reveals a number of trends in historical studies in Canadian universities during the past two decades. In 1967, 58 per cent of all doctoral candidates chose topics in Canadian history and the largest number ― fully 36 per cent of all candidates ― were writing theses at the University of Toronto, which offered the broadest range of fields of any Canadian university. Much smaller programmes existed at McGill and the University of Western Ontario; aside from these three institutions, no other university in English-speaking Canada enrolled more than four students. Two-thirds of all francophone candidates were enrolled at Université Laval, where only five candidates were writing on topics other than Canadian history. The political process led the field of interest in all fields of study, while social history of the Annales school held little interest for either linguistic group. More than half the dissertations in Canadian fields were supervised by only eight senior scholars. By 1985, marked changes in this pattern were evident. The number of active doctoral candidates had increased from 236 in 1967 to 294, and Canadian history was the field of choice for 72 per cent. Doctoral programmes and hence supervision had decentralized in anglophone Canada, however, and the University of Toronto's dominance had been challenged by Queen's and York; specialized programmes of some size existed at a much larger number of institutions. Among francophone schools, enrollment had doubled and Laval had achieved a situation rivalling Toronto's in 1967. Laval and the Université de Montréal now had the largest doctoral programmes in the country. In terms of topic, policy and administration had replaced the political process as the subject of choice for both language groups; economic history experienced a modest degree of growth, while the history of ideas retained its traditional level of interest. Social history had become much more popular in both linguistic groups, while less European history was being studied. These developments pose both problems and possibilities for the profession as a whole. Doctoral studies have been enriched by the diversity of interests, but the potential for academic sectarian strife is troubling. The need now is for syntheses and paradigms which will permit the findings of subdisciplines to be integrated into a broader and more sensitive understanding of the past.
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King, Alyson E. "Universities and AcademicsTAKING STOCK: CANADIAN STUDIES IN THE NINETIES. David Cameron (Montreal: Association for Canadian Studies, 1996) 238 pp.GEORGE GRANT: SELECTED LETTERS. Edited with an introduction by William Christian (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996) 402 pp.GEORGE GRANT AND THE SUBVERSION OF MODERNITY: ART. PHILOSOPHY, POLITICS, RELIGION, AND EDUCATION. Edited by Arthur Davis (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996) 346 pp.THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANADA: 50 YEARS OF NATIONAL ACTIVITY BY THE SOCIAL SCIENCE FEDERATION OF CANADA. Donald Fisher (Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier Press, 1991) 115 pp.THE POLITICS OF COLLEGIALITY: RETRENCHMENT STRATEGIES IN CANADIAN UNIVERSITIES. Cynthia Hardy (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996) 232 pp.SOCIAL CRITICISM: THE UNSOLVED RIDDLE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND OTHER ESSAYS. Stephen Leacock. Edited and introduced by Alan Bowker (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996) 145 pp.WORKING IN ENGLISH: HISTORY, INSTITUTION, RESOURCES. Heather Murray (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996) 253 pp.OUTSIDE THE LINES: ISSUES IN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. Liora Salter and Alison Hearn (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996) 212 pp." Journal of Canadian Studies 33, no. 3 (August 1998): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.33.3.170.
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Murphy, Ana Alvarez, L. Michael Kettel, Arlene J. Morales, Veronica Roberts, Tim Parmley, and Samuel S. C. Yen. "Endometrial effects of long-term low-dose administration of RU486**Supported by San Diego Reproductive Medicine Educational and Research Foundation, San Diego, California and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, New York, New York.††Presented in part at the 48th Annual Meeting of Society of Gynecologic Investigation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, March 31 to April 3, 1993." Fertility and Sterility 63, no. 4 (April 1995): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57478-0.
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Crête, Raymonde. "L'enquête publique et les critères de contrôle judiciaire des fonctions exercées par les enquêteurs." Les Cahiers de droit 19, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 643–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042260ar.
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The public inquiry has long been used to gather information of concern to the State in order that the best decisions may be made according to the information thereby obtained. The Quebec legislator has, therefore, foreseen the need for different laws or particular provisions that would enable the government to make use of this procedure. Among these we find the laws governing commissions of inquiry, police, municipal commissions, coroners and arson investigations. The public often follows closely the proceedings of such inquiries, which, consequently, become a means of informing, educating, and establishing a dialogue with, the public. However, certain public inquiries, such as the Quebec Commission of Inquiry on Organized Crime, the commission of inquiry on freedom of unionization and the Keable Commission, run the risk of affecting the rights of citizens, namely those summoned to appear during such hearings as well as those whose names appear in the testimony given. Hence, some individuals may see their reputations tarnished because of facts brought to light during the inquiry, lose their jobs as a result of commission recommendations or many later have to face either civil or criminal prosecution. It is, therefore, important that such persons be given access to the courts, in order to either challenge the jurisdiction of the commission or demand that the inquiry respect the rules of natural justice. In this area, judicial review depends on the characterization of the method of operation of the public inquiry as a whole, i.e. as the exercise by the commissioners of a recommendatory power, or of interlocutory decisions taken during the course of the inquiry. Depending on the judicial or administrative nature of the activity concerned, the courts will decide whether or not to exercise their superintending and reforming powers. Thus, the courts will intervene only if the function exercised is of a judicial nature. In this regard, the courts deem that an administrative body exercises a judicial function, on the one hand when it determines the rights of individuals and, on the other, when such a body has a duty to act judicially. Apart from some rare exceptions, the courts have ruled that the exercise of the power of inquiry generally does not trench on the rights of citizens and that such a power is therefore administrative in nature. At present, the issue as to whether the inquiry determines the rights of individuals is considered by the courts in the light of either one of two theories, which can be labelled the binary and global theories. Supporters of the binary theory feel that the inquiry and the decisions which may proceed therefrom represent two quite distinct stages and the interference with the rights of individuals can only occur when a decision is made. We find an illustration of this reasoning in, among others cases, Guay v. Lafleur and St-John v. Fraser. Proponents of the second theory are agreed that the decision is an integral part of the inquiry process and that interference with rights occurs at the inquiry level itself. This argument is exemplified adequately by the judgement in Saulnier v. Quebec Police Commission. This paper also examines the characterization of interlocutory decisions made by a commission in the course of its proceedings. In this respect, the courts feel that coercive powers are of a judicial nature, while decisions concerning the administration of evidence are seen as administrative. A study of the abundant jurisprudence in this area leads us to conclude that the Quebec legislator should provide for a specific recourse, similar to that existing presently in Ontario, which would allow citizens access to the courts to challenge decisions made by commissions of inquiry.