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Heeb, Alexis. "Violent crime, public perceptions and citizen security strategies in Colombia during the 1990s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9aa285b1-15e6-402f-a4e8-2f7322c9adc3.
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This research deals with the topic of violent crime in urban Colombia. Although many references are made to the conflict between the State, guerrilla groups and paramilitary organisations in rural areas, and to the problem of drug-cartels and illegal-drug production, the main aim of the thesis is to show recent trends in violent crime and discuss citizen security strategies followed during the decade of the 1990s. Chapter 1 focuses on urban homicides. In Colombia, 40 percent of the 25,000 annual homicides are committed in the ten largest cities. The cities of Medellin, Bogota and Cali account for almost 30 percent of this total. Although the victims are mainly young men from the poorest socio-economic levels, homicides are not necessarily correlated to the areas where the poor live. The probability of getting involved in a homicide, either as a victim or as victimiser, is significantly higher in places where access to economic resources is greater. Chapter 2 analyses the problem of kidnappings. The chapter looks at recent progresses in Colombian anti-kidnapping legislation and focuses on the authors, the victims and the riskzones where most cases take place. Although these crimes affect mainly the rich and the middle class, kidnappers have recently started to target victims from all social backgrounds. This strategy creates fear among citizens and permits kidnappers to extort more fees from people who could be at risk of being kidnapped. Chapter 3 looks at the issue of perception and fear of crime. This question provides a better understanding of the concept of risk and the subjectivity of decision-making when facing insecurity. If citizen security strategies have had little impact during the last decade, it has been partly because of poor levels of co-operation and communication with the population. The consequence of this has been an increasing perception of insecurity and distrust among citizens. Chapter 4 assesses citizen security strategies followed during the administrations of Presidents Gaviria (1990-1994), Samper (1994-1998) and Pastrana (1998-2002). The reforms implemented since the adoption of a new Constitution in 1991 have had important impacts on security strategies as they have given more discretionary powers to civilian authorities, especially at the municipal level. Larger cities like Bogotá, Cali and Medellin, implemented a series of successful programmes that have reduced the levels of violent crime, notably homicides. Other crimes, like kidnappings, have not decreased since the government has lacked a coherent strategy to combine its peace negotiations with insurgent organisations with its legitimate right to fight violent crime.
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Dávila-Suárez, Carlos-Mario. "La formation du contrôle juridictionnel de l’administration en droit colombien et l’influence du droit français : essai sur les obstacles à l’accès à la justice contentieuse-administrative et sur la protection effective des droits des administrés." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020004.
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Dans la doctrine colombienne experte en la matière, il existe un lieu commun consistant à affirmer que tant le droit administratif colombien comme le droit du contentieux-administratif proviennent du droit français ou, au moins, celui-ci y a eu une forte influence dans son élaboration. Il est cependant nécessaire d'analyser cette thèse afin de déterminer la portée d'une telle influence. C'est ce à quoi tentera de répondre cette étude qui a pour but d’expliquer et de montrer la formation et le développement du contrôle juridictionnel de l'administration en Colombie dès la fin du XIX siècle et au cours du XX. Ce qui nous amènera à aborder les emprunts faits par le juge administratif colombien -notamment à la doctrine administrative française de la fin du XIX et de la première moitié du XXe siècle- et le rôle même de la doctrine colombienne de l'époque. D'emblée, il faut écarter ce que l'on ne traitera pas dans ce travail : d'une part le côté institutionnel, c'est-à-dire l'instauration et la formation du Conseil d'État colombien en tant que tel. Ceci en raison des maints travaux ont été consacrés par les chercheurs dans la matière ; d'autre part, l'aspect politique ou idéologique, car, si elle clair que celui-ci a joué un rôle important, notamment grâce à l'Union républicaine des années 1910 qui a impulsé la mise en marche du Conseil d'Etat colombien, ce sujet reste en dehors de notre champ d'études. Ainsi, cette recherche sera centrée sur deux aspects : l'aspect formel comprenant l'idée d'un juge administratif indépendant du pouvoir exécutif, sa technique et sa méthode ; et l'aspect de fond basé sur les recours contentieux-administratifs et les types de procès contentieux. L'objectif global de ce travail est de contribuer à la structuration ainsi qu'à la systématisation de la jurisprudence du droit administratif colombien, afin de tenter de donner de la cohérence et de la sécurité juridique et dans la pratique judiciaire et dans l'enseignement du droitThe French origins of Colombian administrative law and administrative judicial procedure is a common place among Colombian jurists. They claimed a strong influence from French legal culture in South American countries. However, it is necessary to analyze this hypothesis to determine the scope of such an influence. The present study will attempt to provide an answer, explaining the formation and development of the judicial review of public administration in Colombia, between latest nineteenth century and the present times. This will allow us to study the judicial and scholars’ Colombian legal transplants from French administrative law doctrine of the latest nineteenth and earlies twentieth century. Thus, this research is focus in two aspects. First, the formal aspect linked with the concept of administrative-judges, independent from executive branch, its technique, structure, and methods. And second, the substantive aspect based on remedies and judicial procedure from administrative law (including nullity, nullity and restauration of the breeder's right, Judicial Review of Government Contracts Disputes, and direct reparation). The main objective of this work is to structure and systematize Colombian administrative law, identifying the serious problems of access to administrative justice and rights protection
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Guevara, Rivera Yenny Carolina. "Recrutement, indépendance et responsabilité des magistrats en Colombie : le cas de la Cour Suprême de Justice et du Conseil Supérieur de la Judicature." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD005.
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Ce travail de recherche a pour but d'apporter des éléments théoriques ainsi que pratiques au débat sur le causes et conséquences de la politisation des deux hauts tribunaux en Colombie, à fin d'enrichir la discussion. Concrètement, cette thèse doctorale analyse la manière dont les hauts juges sont élus et les conséquences les plus visibles de ces processus de sélection. A partir d'une analyse quantitative et qualitative, cette étude explore la façon dont l'autonomie de juges est conditionnée par le processus qu'ils suivent pour être élus. Pour conclure, cette thèse se penche aussi sur l'état actuel du bilan entre l'indépendance des juges et leur responsabilité vis-à-vis de leur fonctionThis researching work intends to provide theoretical and practical elements to enrich the debate about the causes and consequences of the politicization of two high tribunals in Colombia. In fact, this doctoral project analyses the way the election of the high judges is carried out and the respective consequences of these selection processes. Throughout a quantitative and qualitative analysis, we explore the way the autonomy of the judges is conditioned by their election process. Finally, the current state of the assessment between independence and responsibility of the judges is also tackled
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Pinzón, Salcedo Luis Arturo. "Exploring justice in professional mediation : a systemic intervention in Colombia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6913.
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This thesis explores how an action research approach based on a critical systemic perspective can benefit the practice of mediators in dealing with issues of justice during mediation processes. First, methodological reflections on critical systems thinking are presented, and a new development is proposed based on the ethics of Levinas. Also, a new synergy of methods and tools is developed. This brings together boundary critique, action science, statistics, system dynamics, alternative dispute resolution games, and interviewing. A description is then provided of how the methodology was used at a Colombian mediation centre. Here, the staff members and the author began the transformation of their professional mediation practice by reflecting on alternative perspectives on how they currently deal, and might deal in the future, with issues of justice. A critique was developed of several basic assumptions that are deeply ingrained in the mediation literature of the English speaking countries of the western world - in particular, that disputants are primarily concerned with their own private interests, and that mediation should therefore be considered successful if these interests are satisfied. In the mediation centre studied, most disputants prioritised justice principles over personal gain. Additionally, a new way of organising the interpretations of mediation presented in the literature is developed that can help mediation practitioners to be more conscious of the assumptions informing their professional practice. Finally, drawing upon both a literature review and the action research results, reflections are provided on the relevance of the notion of justice to mediation practice.
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Busacca, Justin. "Justice and reconciliation in Uribe's Colombia an opportunity for peace /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/501016819/viewonline.
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Bird, Annie. "US foreign policy on transitional justice : case studies on Cambodia, Liberia and Colombia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/473/.
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The US has been involved in the majority of transitional justice measures established since the 1990s. This study explores this phenomenon by examining the forces that shape US foreign policy on transitional justice. It first investigates US influence on the evolution of the field, and then traces US involvement in three illustrative cases in order to establish what US involvement entails, why the US gets involved and how the US has impacted individual measures and the field as a whole. The cases include: the Khmer Rouge Tribunal in Cambodia; the trial of Liberian President Charles Taylor and the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission; and the Justice and Peace Process in Colombia. These cases represent different transitional justice measures, transition types and geographic regions – all key dimensions in the field. These measures were also all established in the 2000s, a period which reflects a different historical moment in the field’s evolution. The cases shed light on the actors who play a key role in the field – from presidential administrations to Congress to the State Department and others. The study is based on nearly 200 interviews and archival research undertaken in the US, The Hague, Cambodia, Liberia and Colombia, providing a strong basis on which to draw conclusions about US foreign policy on transitional justice.
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Valencia, Hernández Javier Gonzaga. "El derecho de acceso a la justicia ambiental y sus mecanismos de aplicación en Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/24617.
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Gomez-Isaza, Lina Maria. "Aboriginal people in a time of disorder : exploring indigenous interactions with justice in Colombia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27951.
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This study of law and aboriginal people in Colombia builds on the premise that law is a form of local knowledge and that state law is reshaped locally, producing outcomes unanticipated by the state itself. Comaroff’s (2001) idea of lawfare, in which the state uses a legal regime to erode local autonomy, reflects the current reality in Colombia, but this notion does not explain this situation entirely. My data come from interviews with aboriginal leaders, experience as a public servant and reading of academic and popular literature. This case study of the Justice and Peace Law of 2005 examines legal processes of the state and aboriginal communities’ public responses to the state and their own internal debates and processes. In the end, I was able to explore the intersection of the state and aboriginal people. Colombia’s unique violence, product of political struggles and economical interests, was supposed to disrupt society has, paradoxically, strengthened community ties. I have drawn three major conclusions to my argument. First, the passage of the JPL has inadvertently strengthened solidarity amongst the Embera – Chamí and other aboriginal groups. Second, this strengthening of solidarity has itself increased indigenous identity; and third, aboriginal justice practices have been transformed and solidified. This too has strengthened community cohesion.
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Iturralde, Manuel A. "Punishment and Authoritarian Liberalism : The Politics of Emergency Criminal Justice in Colombia (1984-2006)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499210.
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The continuousu seo f emergencym easuresb y Colombiang overnmentsi n the last decadesa, long with a complex combination of generalizedv iolence and social dislocation, has had a deep impact on the Colombian criminal justice system. Such a political tendency to enforce exceptional mechanisms and institutions to investigate, prosecute and sentence what governments and an emotive public opinion regard as dangerous criminals, has structured the Colombian emergency crin-dnal justice -a punitive system characterized by the hardening of criminal procedures and punishments, on the one hand, and the limitation of the human rights and legalg uaranteeso f thosep rosecuted,o n the other. The aim. of this dissertation is, to borrow Foucaules (1979) expression, to make a history of the present of Colombian emergency criminal justice. That is, critically to explain how it is currently structured and how it functions; how it came into being and how it has been shaped by the social, economic, cultural, and political transformations that late modernity has brought about. The normalization of emergency penality, together with the rise of conservatism and neoliberalism in the Colombian political and economic fields during the last three decades, have created a penal commonsentshea t encourages the hypertrophy of the penal state and the reduction of the social state. Thus, governments are mainly concerned with enhancing control mechanisms in order to provide security for markets and investment with the argument that only then can economic and social rights flourish. The normalization of emergency penality is by no means peculiar to the Colombian context, but is rather the manifestation, in rather extreme circumstances of violence, inequality, and social exclusion, of a global trend which I call authoritafian liberalism. that is, the intensive use of punishment to uphold neoliberalism.
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Lopez, Hernandez Melisa. "La diversité culturelle des peuples autochtones dans la jurisprudence constitionnelle colombienne : la reconstruction du paradigme de justice interculturelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAD012/document.
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Les conflits juridiques autour du multiculturalisme et de la justice ethnique sont aujourd’hui au centre des débats juridiques et philosophiques Dans ce contexte la Colombie et ses conflits ethniques sont particulièrement représentatifs de ces débats. Ce pays est défini par la Constitution de 1991 comme un État multiethnique et pluriculturel. Les peuples autochtones ont été également reconnus et des droits au regard de leur différence culturelle ont été inscrits dans ce texte normatif. Dans ce cadre politique et juridique, la Cour Constitutionnelle du pays a joué un rôle fondamental dans l’interprétation et la définition de ces nouveaux droits. Pour l’analyse de la jurisprudence et de ce que nous appelons ici le paradigme de la justice interculturelle, nous nous appuierons sur la distinction faite par la philosophe Nancy Fraser à propos de la justice sociale en tant que reconnaissance et redistribution. Cette distinction marquera donc l’analyse que nous portons sur la question, et nous aidera en même temps à essayer de combler un vide dans les études concernant cette population. Cette grille de lecture de la question autochtone nous autorisera à mettre en évidence les limites de la reconnaissance de la diversité culturelle quand il s’agit de la question économique, de l’intérêt général ou de la raison étatique. Cela nous permettra aussi d’évaluer la cohérence du paradigme de la justice interculturelle et de sa philosophie implicite. Cette approche de la décision du juge implique que l’on considère que la jurisprudence peut comporter un fort composant de philosophie politique, ou en d’autres termes, que la jurisprudence contient une ou plusieurs philosophies implicites. C’est donc cette philosophie implicite qui nous intéresse ici tout particulièrement de mettre en évidenceThe legal disputes around the multiculturalism and around the ethnic justice are at the heartof the legal and philosophic debates. In this matter Colombia today and its current ethnicconflicts are particularly significant of these debates. This country is ruled through the 1991Constitution as a multiethnic and multicultural State. Indigenous peoples have been alsorecognized as well and the rights tied to their cultural difference have been registered in thisnormative text. In this political and legal context, the Constitutional court of the countryplayed a fundamental role in the interpretation and the definition of these new rights. As faras the analysis of the jurisprudence and what we call here paradigm of the interculturaljustice are concerned, we shall rely on the distinction made by the philosopher Nancy Fraserabout the social justice as a redistribution and a recognition. This distinction will thus lead theanalysis which we develop about that subject, and will at the same time help us tryto complement in the studies concerning this population. This framework of interpretationof the autochthonous question will authorize us to highlight the limits of the recognition of thecultural diversity when it comes to the economic question, the general interest or the statereason. It will also allow us to estimate the consistency of the paradigm of the interculturaljustice and its implicit philosophy. This approach of the judge’s decision involves that weconsider that the jurisprudence can contain a strong bitof political philosophy, or in otherwords, that the jurisprudence contains one or several implicit philosophies. We are thusparticularly interested here in highlighting this implicit philosophy
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Cassayre, Yannou Aude. "Justice des cités, justice sous tutelle ? : la justice dans les cités grecques, de la formation des royaumes hellénistiques au legs d'Attale." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30050.
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Ce travail décrit l’évolution de la pratique judiciaire dans les cités grecques à l’époque hellénistique. La justice qui subit alors les répercussions de l’émergence des royaumes hellénistiques, se développe en devenant un secteur de plus en plus autonome et en acquérant peu à peu son propre langage juridique. Les procédures s’amplifient et montrent une spécialisation de l’ensemble du secteur juridique. L’application de ses sentences et la capacité de la justice à rester indépendante des intérêts particuliers sont au fondement de la politique des citésThis study describes the evolution of judicial practice during hellenistic times. Justice which undergoes the effects of the rise of hellenistic kingdoms, at the same time develops in becoming more and more autonomous and in acquiring progressively its proper judicial language. Proceedings grow and show how specialized the judicial sector has become. The application of sentences and the capacity of staying independent from private interests are the basis of cities policy
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Rojas, Herran Santiago. "Arbetsmotivation : En jämförelse mellan Sverige och Colombia." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30187.
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Med en ökad globalisering finns det företag som etablerar sig i många olika länder. När företag etablerar sig i andra länder behöver de ta hänsyn till olika kulturella och socioekonomiska aspekter. Denna kvantitativa studie undersöker skillnader i motivationsfaktorer hos respondenter i Sverige och Colombia. I Colombia svarade 167 respondenter och i den svenska enkäten svarade 64 respondenter. Resultatet visar att det finns markanta skillnader i motivationsfaktorer. Det finns motivations skillnader mellan de olika länderna och det finns även skillnader i jämförelse med olika socioekonomiska grupper.With increased globalization, there are companies that establish themselves in many different countries. When companies establish themselves in other countries, they need to consider different cultural and socio-economic aspects. This quantitative study examines differences in motivational factors among respondents in Sweden and Colombia. In Colombia, 167 respondents answered, and in the Swedish questionnaire, 64 respondents answered. The result shows that there are differences in motivation factors. There are motivational differences between the different countries and there are also differences in comparison with different socio-economic groups.
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Berthier, Laurent. "La qualité de la justice." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/aa99ed65-735a-40f5-8a8c-172ee3c087cb/blobholder:0/2011LIMO1001.pdf.
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La qualité constitue un standard désormais inévitable au sein des services publics. Elle implique une nouvelle appréciation de ces derniers et porte en elle un ensemble de dispositifs techniques destinés à améliorer la prestation proposée. Son application au sein du service public de la justice est toutefois plus difficile à concevoir et en cela novatrice, dès lors que la justice se démarque des services publics ordinaires, par des principes d'organisation et de fonctionnement qui apparaissent, selon une première lecture, plutôt incompatibles avec les idées que sous-tend la qualité, comme la performance ou la productivité. Cependant, en tant que valeur, la qualité constitue un nouveau prisme à travers lequel peut être redécouverte la justice dans son ensemble : l'indépendance de la justice en sortira revisitée, la relation avec les usagers également, ces derniers aspirant à davantage de compréhension et de transparence dans le fonctionnement de la justice, tant administrative que judiciaire. S'y immisçant progressivement, la qualité peut alors servir d'instrumernt garantissant une progression constante du système judiciaire. Elle est alors source d'innovation, développe une culture managériale et offre des solutions face à l'accroissement exponentiel du contentieux. La qualité n'est pourtant pas une panacée dès lors qu'elle rime trop souvent avec productivité ; l' approche économique de la qualité ne semble donc pas convenir à la sphère judiciaire dès lors que le juge, nécessairement indépendant, est pourtant contraint d'être performant. La qualité montre ici ses limites et doit s'adapter aux spécificités organisationnelles et fonctionnelles d'un service public régalienQuality constitutes a standard which will henceforth become inevitable within public services. It implies a new appreciation of these services and carries within a system of technical structures intended to improve the performance of what is on offer. Its application within the public service of justice is however more difficult to imagine and requires, as a result, a new approach. From that point on , justice is distinguished from ordinary public services by the principles organization and operation, which appear, on the first sight, rather incompatible with the ideas which underlie quality, like performance or productivity. However, as far as value is concerned, quality constitutes a new prism through which one can rediscover justice in its entirety : the independance of justice will emerge in a new light, as will its relationship with its users, who will aspire to a better understanding and clarity into how justice oprates, both administratively and as a dispenser of justice. By progressively intervening here, quality can thus serve as an instrument which guarantees a constant progression within the justice system. It is thus a source of innovation, develops a managerial culture and offers solutions when faced ith the exponential growth of litigation. Quality is not, nevertheless, a panacea from the moment that it rhymes too often with productivity ; the economic approach to quality would not appear to suit the sphere of justice from the time thet the judge, who is necessarily independent, is nevertheless constrained to be effective. Quality demonstrates its limits here, and must adapt to the organizational and functional specificity of a regal public service
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Simon, Thomas. "Grundherrschaft und Vogtei : eine Strukturanalyse spätmittelalterlicher und frühneuzeitlicher Herrschaftsbildung /." Frankfurt am Main : V. Klostermann, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37621351r.
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Lu, Terence Zimin. "And justice for all? : Aversive homoprejudice in criminal justice decisions /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19744.pdf.
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Figari, Layús Rosario. "The role of transitional justice in the midst of ongoing armed conflicts : the case of Colombia." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4250/.
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Between 2002 and 2006 the Colombian government of Álvaro Uribe counted with great international support to hand a demobilization process of right-wing paramilitary groups, along with the implementation of transitional justice policies such as penal prosecutions and the creation of a National Commission for Reparation and Reconciliation (NCRR) to address justice, truth and reparation for victims of paramilitary violence. The demobilization process began when in 2002 the United Self Defence Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, AUC) agreed to participate in a government-sponsored demobilization process. Paramilitary groups were responsible for the vast majority of human rights violations for a period of over 30 years. The government designed a special legal framework that envisaged great leniency for paramilitaries who committed serious crimes and reparations for victims of paramilitary violence. More than 30,000 paramilitaries have demobilized under this process between January 2003 and August 2006. Law 975, also known as the “Justice and Peace Law”, and Decree 128 have served as the legal framework for the demobilization and prosecutions of paramilitaries. It has offered the prospect of reduced sentences to demobilized paramilitaries who committed crimes against humanity in exchange for full confessions of crimes, restitution for illegally obtained assets, the release of child soldiers, the release of kidnapped victims and has also provided reparations for victims of paramilitary violence.
The Colombian demobilization process presents an atypical case of transitional justice. Many observers have even questioned whether Colombia can be considered a case of transitional justice. Transitional justice measures are often taken up after the change of an authoritarian regime or at a post-conflict stage. However, the particularity of the Colombian case is that transitional justice policies were introduced while the conflict still raged. In this sense, the Colombian case expresses one of the key elements to be addressed which is the tension between offering incentives to perpetrators to disarm and demobilize to prevent future crimes and providing an adequate response to the human rights violations perpetrated throughout the course of an internal conflict. In particular, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes require a fine balance between the immunity guarantees offered to ex-combatants and the sought of accountability for their crimes. International law provides the legal framework defining the rights to justice, truth and reparations for victims and the corresponding obligations of the State, but the peace negotiations and conflicted political structures do not always allow for the
fulfillment of those rights. Thus, the aim of this article is to analyze what kind of transition may be occurring in Colombia by focusing on the role that transitional justice mechanisms may play in political negotiations between the Colombian government and paramilitary groups. In particular, it seeks to address to what extent such processes contribute to or hinder the achievement of the balance between peacebuilding and accountability, and thus facilitate a real transitional process.Zwischen 2002 und 2006 hat die kolumbianische Regierung von Álvaro Uribe einen Demobilisierungsprozess von paramilitärischen Gruppen und der Implementierung von Transitional Justice-Mechanismen durchgeführt als einem politischen Versuch, Frieden in Kolumbien durchzusetzen. Der Demobilisierungsprozess wurde durch einen sondergesetzlichen Rahmen geregelt: durch das Gesetz 782, das Dekret 128 und das Gesetz 975. Insbesondere das Gesetz 975 aus dem Jahr 2005, auch bekannt als das „Gesetz für Gerechtigkeit und Frieden“ (Ley de Justicia y Paz), bietet Strafmilderung für angeklagte Mitglieder illegaler Gruppen, die Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit und Mord begangen haben. Um diese Strafmilderung in Anspruch nehmen zu können, sind die angeklagten Ex-Kombattanten im Gegenzug aufgefordert, Informationen über ihre ehemalige Gruppe zu erteilen und illegal angeeignete Güter auszuhändigen. Um den Demobilisierungsprozess im Einklang mit Transitional Justice-Prinzipien umzusetzen, wurden eine Vielzahl von Institutionen eingerichtet: acht Sondergerichtskammern, eine Sondereinheit der Staatsanwaltschaft (Unidad Nacional de Fiscalia para la Justicia y la Paz), ein staatlicher Fonds für Entschädigung (Fondo de Reparación) und eine Nationale Kommission für Wiedergutmachung und Versöhnung (Comisión Nacional de Reparación und Reconciliación). In Kolumbien herrscht seit mehr als 40 Jahren ein bewaffneter Konflikt. Es ist der längste bewaffnete Konflikt in der westlichen Welt. An diesem Konflikt sind der Staat, die rechtsgerichteten Paramilitärs und linksgerichtete Guerillagruppen beteiligt. Bis heute hat der Staat in weiten Teilen des Landes de facto kein Gewaltmonopol über einige Gebiete, die stattdessen von der Guerilla oder den Paramilitärs beherrscht werden. Die paramilitarischen Gruppen sind für die überwiegende Zahl von Menschenrechtsverletzungen seit mehr als 30 Jahren verantwortlich. Als Folge wurden tausende Bauernfamilien von ihrem Land vertrieben. Kolumbien steht mit drei Millionen Binnenvertriebenen nach dem Sudan weltweit an zweiter Stelle. Neben Bauern sind auch andere Gruppen Opfer des Konflikts, vor allem Afro-Kolumbianer, Frauen, Gewerkschaftsfunktionäre, Menschenrechtsverteidiger und Journalisten. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzungen für einen Übergang von Konflikt- zu Frieden, dass der Staat die Garantie der Nicht-Wiederholung der vorausgegangenen Verbrechen und die Stärkung der demokratischen Bürgerrechte sicherstellt. In diesem Zusammenhang sind Transitional Justice-Instrumente, wie u. a. Strafverfolgungen und Amnestie, Wahrheits- und Versöhnungskommissionen, Wiedergutmachungen und Demobilisierungsprozesse zu sehen, die im Rahmen von Übergangsprozessen eingesetzt werden. Sie verfolgen das Ziel, die Vergangenheit eines gewaltsamen Konfliktes oder Regimes aufzuarbeiten, um so den Übergang zu einer nachhaltig friedlichen demokratischen Gesellschaftsordnung zu ermöglichen. Einerseits wird mit Hilfe von Transitional Justice-Instrumenten versucht, Gerechtigkeit und Entschädigung für die Opfer herzustellen. Andererseits sollen die angeklagten Täter mit Hilfe von Amnestie und Wiedereingliederungsprogrammen in die Gesellschaft reintegriert werden. So steht die Anwendung dieser Instrumente einem Dilemma zwischen Frieden und Gerechtigkeit, Verantwortlichkeit und Straflosigkeit, Strafe und Vergeben gegenüber. Diese Arbeit evaluiert die Umsetzung des Demobilisierungsprozesses, die gerichtlichen Prozesse und die Wiedergutmachungspolitik. Wichtig ist es zu analysieren, ob der Demobilisierungsprozess der paramilitärischen Gruppen einen Übergang von Krieg zu Frieden zum Ergebnis hat. Ein Übergang sollte die Erfüllung der oben erwähnten Bedingungen – Ausübung des legitimen Gewaltmonopols durch den Staat, Garantie der Nicht-Wiederholung von Gewaltverbrechen und die Stärkung von Bürgerrechten – bedeuten.
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Diab, Robert. "Terrorism and the administration of justice in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32370.
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This thesis explores ways in which perspectives in Canada on the administration of justice
have shifted after September 11, 2001, in criminal and administrative law. The
introductory chapter sets out the general context of my thesis, including a discussion of
the development of due process and constitutional rights, and a brief comparison between
American, British and Canadian legislative responses to 9 /11. Chapter 2 concerns the
context, in which the Canadian Anti-terrorism Act (2001) was drafted, the government's
understanding of its purpose and function, and critical reception of the Act. In the face of
considerable skepticism, the government (and a minority of sympathetic figures) insisted
upon the consistency of the Act with the Canadian Charier of Rights and Freedoms, and argued
that it struck a balance between individual and communal interests in a new yet
appropriate fashion. Chapter 3 focuses on judicial responses to anti-terror legislation,
including provisions dealings with 'security certificate' detentions; the deportation of
terrorist suspects to face the risk of torture; and provisions of the Anti- terrorism Act. The
cases suggest a general tendency to justify or rationalize departures, from traditional
notions of due process, constitutionalism and 'fundamental justice' (in section 7 of the
Charter) as appropriate, balanced, and normal. Chapter 4 addresses the problem of
accountability of law enforcement and intelligence agencies in light of the post-9/11
amendments to the Canada Evidence Act that significantly expand the scope of state secrecy
and privilege in 'national security' matters.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Ho, Vivian Wei Wun. "How should restorative justice be applied to the Hong Kong criminal justice system?" access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21324244a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, City University of Hong Kong, School of Law. Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 20, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Niesing, Eva. "Nation Branding Practices in Latin America. A Diagnosis of Brazil, Chile and Colombia." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/bce/niesing_e/.
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In the globalized world of today a well-elaborated, long-term oriented nation branding strategy which includes the government, the public and the private sector as well as the nation´s citizens themselves can help nations to improve and to better control their nation image. Nation branding activities increase the countries´ competitiveness in the global marketplace and help to foster the tourism arrivals, inward foreign direct investment flows and exports as well as they help to attract talented workforce and students.
Despite its growing importance, most Latin American countries still have not engaged enough in the area of nation branding and mostly only focus their activities on the tourism promotion. The region´s countries have a good image regarding soft factors such as their people and tourism attractions but have a weak image regarding their products, services and investment opportunities. Brazil has a relatively good nation image in many dimensions but still has not developed an extensive nation branding strategy. Chile and Colombia are among the Latin American countries which have started to conduct more complete and advanced nation branding activities. Although such advances can be observed, there is still a lot of improvement potential in the nation branding practices of Latin American countries.
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Stahlkopf, Christina. "Rhetoric or reality? : restorative justice in the youth justice system in England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c00ef572-167f-4f91-91a1-5687d26972f4.
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This thesis explores the recent introduction of restorative justice into the youth justice system in England. It examines the historical and political context from which current youth justice policies have emerged and aims to evaluate how this new system is functioning 'on the ground' several years after being implemented. Specifically, the primary aim of the research is to investigate final warnings and referral orders. The findings are based on an in-depth study of one Youth Offending Team (YOT). The research adopted a predominantly qualitative, case study based method utilizing techniques of observation, informal conversations, formal interviews with the young offenders and their supporters as well as with authority figures who are amongst those responsible for policy and practice in the youth justice system. The substantive chapters of this thesis focus on the delivery of final warnings, referral order panel meetings, victim participation, and the structural, cultural and political influences on YOT practice. This research concludes that at present, restorative practices in England are seriously compromised. However, simply because these programmes experience difficulties, they should not necessarily be considered a failure. The present failures in practice are not related to the philosophical foundation of these programmes or even to the way in which they have been set up. Rather, the current shortcomings in practice are due mostly to a failure of implementation on the part of the YOT. The final warning and referral order programmes, if improved, have the potential to become an effective first encounter with the criminal justice system and to impact positively on many first time offenders.
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Lhuillier, Julien. "La bonne administration de la Justice pénale en Europe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0157.
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Etudier l'administration de la Justice et l'évaluation de sa qualité, sous l'angle d'unecomparaison européenne, c'est en quelque sorte anticiper ce que pourrait être la Justice indépendante et démocratique du 21ème siècle. En initiant les démarches comparatives sur ce thème, le Conseil de l'Europe - et plus exactement la Commission européenne pour l?efficacité de la Justice (CEPEJ) - a mis en place un cadre d'évaluation et un réseau de tribunaux référents efficace, qui lui donnentaujourd'hui une longueur d'avance sur les travaux entrepris par ailleurs. La diversité des systèmes judiciaires du Conseil de l'Europe, par son ampleur, offre des possibilités de comparaisons élargies, permettant la mise en évidence de groupes d'Etats comparables et d'indicateurs de qualité nombreux et pertinents.En Europe, citoyens et classe politique brocardent fréquemment les circonstances dans lesquelles la justice est rendue. Mais, ce n'est plus comme autrefois la décision rendue pour telle ou telle affaire qui est le plus souvent dénigrée, c'est en fait la gestion du problème par l'ensemble de la chaîne judiciaire qui est remise en cause. Les indicateurs quantitatifs se multiplient, au risque de nuire à la qualité de la justice rendue. Pour répondre aux attentes nouvelles des citoyens sans mettre en péril l'indépendance et la qualité de la Justice, les Etats d'Europe doivent eux-mêmes évoluer et installer la question de l'administration de la Justice au coeur du débat public. Dans la première partie de l'étude, la recherche d'une bonne administration de laJustice permet de mettre en évidence certains indicateurs de qualité relatifs aux différentes formes d'indépendance et de transparence de la Justice. Elle permet aussi de s'interroger sur la nouvelle place de l'usager durant le procès et sur l'attente qui lui est imposée pour traiter son affaire. Il en ressort en définitive que le souci de bonne administration joue un grand rôle dans l'indépendance organique et déontologique, tant lors de la sélection et de la nomination des magistrats que de leur entrée en fonction et de l'exercice de celle-ci. Les différents niveaux considérés, institutionnel, fonctionnel et personnel, témoignent de possiblesévolutions, y compris en France où le pouvoir exécutif joue encore un rôle important. D'autres réformes, visant à rendre l'administration de la Justice plus proches de l'usager sont également souhaitables : en favorisant la concertation et l'échange avec les usagers et les 8 partenaires des juridictions, il deviendra plus aisé de définir la place de l'usager, de répondre à ses préoccupations et de rendre son attente véritablement utile.Dans la seconde partie de l'étude, la recherche d'une bonne administration de laJustice permet de mettre en évidence de nombreux indicateurs quantitatifs et qualitatifs relevant par exemple des moyens de la Justice, de la gestion des flux, du coût et de la qualité des procédures. Le dernier titre de l'étude élabore une synthèse ainsi qu'un outil à l'usage des praticiens. Il replace les principaux indicateurs relevés au cours de l'étude au sein de divers domaines d'évaluation et indique pour chaque indicateur les méthodes d'évaluation qui paraissent être les plus appropriées. L'intérêt et le caractère novateur de cette recherche résident dans la comparaison des différents modèles judiciaires, sans se limiter à une approche purement conceptuelle, « architecturale », de l'administration de la Justice, mais en y incluant largement les critères qualitatifs et quantitatifs dégagés au sein des Working Groups des organisations internationales. La bonne administration de la Justice n'est pas seulement la justice rendue, quantifiée par les rapports d'activité des juridictions, mais également la capacité du système à faire accepter et respecter, aussi bien dans les milieux judiciaires que dans l'opinion publique, les critères de bonne justice qui ont été dégagés par le droit européenIn a European comparative perspective, a study of administration of Justice andassessment of its quality means to anticipate what an independent and democratic Justice should be in the XXIst century. By carrying out comparative exercises in this field, the Council of Europe - and namely the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice - has created an assessment framework and an efficient network of pilot courts, which put the Commission's endeavors ahead of any similar works done by other organizations. The diversity of judicial systems that make part of the Council of Europe offers large possibilities for comparison, which allow sampling and categorizing of different States and elaboration of relevant quality indicators. In Europe, citizens and political classes criticize the circumstances under which Justice is rendered. However, in contrast with the past, the critique does not target specific decisions rendered in a particular case, but more so the administration of the case by the entire chain of the judicial mechanism. Quality indicators are proliferating, at risk of hindering the quality of Justice rendered. In order to give an adequate reply to new demands of the citizens, without infringing independence and quality of Justice, the European States should themselves assessthe quality of Justice administration and put this issue in the heart of the public debate. In the First part of the Study, the quest for fair administration of justice allows to identify certain quality indicators relating to different forms of independence and transparency of Justice. Also, it raises the question of the new place that should be conferred to the user of Justice during the process and the timeframes to which his case is subjected. The study shows that, in the end, the quest for fair administration of Justice has a great role to play in ensuring structural and ethical independence during selection and appointment of magistrates, as wellas during their entering into function and their exercise thereof. The different levelsconsidered - institutional, functional and personal - allow projecting possible ways ofevolution of the matter in Europe, including in France where the executive power still plays an important role. Reforms aiming at making Justice closer to the user are recommended: by promoting exchange between users and different partners of jurisdictions, it will become easier to define the place of the users within the Justice system, to provide an adequate 11 remedy to their problems and to make useful the time that they spent awaiting a decision on their case.In the Second part of the Study, the quest for fair administration of Justice allows to identify multiple qualitative and quantitative indicators, which relate to the case flow, to the costs, to the quality of the procedures, as well as to the financial means allocated to Justice. The last title of the study provides a synthesis and a tool for practical use: it applies the previously identified indicators to different fields of assessment and designates to every indicator the most pertinent assessment methods. The interest and the novelty of the present research reside in the comparison of the different Justice models, going beyond a purely conceptual, -architectural - approach of Justice administration and exploiting qualitative and quantitative criteria elaborated by Working Groups of international organizations. Fair administration of Justice is not only the Justice rendered and quantified by courts' activity reports. It also reflects the capacity of the Justice system to make accept and respect - by the judiciary, as well as by the public opinion - the common European criteria of "fair justice"
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潘靄恩 and Oi-yan Vivien Poon. "Natural justice: an analysis of the student review process in the University of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964825.
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Mestrot, Michèle. "Action associative et justice pénale." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D027.
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On assiste actuellement a un développement sans précédent de l'intervention des associations dans l'administration de la justice pénale. Les effets de l'interaction entre associations et justice peuvent être différemment analyses. Les associations, en s'emparant de la gestion des conflits auparavant dévolus a l'état, pensent modifier le schéma étatique du droit de punir. A l'inverse, leur incorporation au service public est de nature a les transformer en simples instruments de l'administration. Le constat final est néanmoins plus nuance. Certes, les associations subissent inexorablement une institutionnalisation progressive mais elles conservent néanmoins une spécificité par rapport au secteur public. Enfin, sans remettre en cause la nature étatique de la justice répressive, elles provoquent et réussissent même un changement institutionnel qui pare la justice pénale d'une nouvelle légitimitéWe are presently facing an imprecedented increase of the associations' interference into the penal justice administration. The effects of the interaction between associations and justice can be differently analysed. The associations, when taking hold of the conflicts' management formely devolved on the state power, expect that they can alter the static diagram of the punishment power. On the other hand, their insertion into the public service could tend to transform them into mere administration's tools. The final report is nevertheless more qualified. Of course, the associations suffer unieldingly a progressive institutionalisation but they nevertheless keep a specificity in relation with the public administration. As last, although not arguing about the static nature of the repressive justice, they cause and even carry out an institutional evolution which adorns the penal justice with a new legitimity
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Isokun, M. I. "Administration of justice : a study of the Nigerian systems of justice in Bendel State, Nigeria." Thesis, Swansea University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637378.
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Ghulam, Shakil Ahmed Ghulam Gadir. "Distributive justice vs. procedural justice: Perceptions of fairness of Saudi Arabian civil service employees in their performance appraisal system." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186110.
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This study uses the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice to examine Saudi Arabian civil service employees' determinants of fairness in their performance appraisal system. A survey of 400 civil service employees in different public sector agencies in two major cities of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh and Jeddah, was conducted. Seven hypotheses were proposed and tested. The composite dependent variable was the "Perceived satisfaction and fairness of the performance appraisal system." Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Multiple regressions and T-tests analyses were used to analyze the gathered data. The study found that perceptions of fairness among Saudi civil service employees an their performance appraisal system were strongly related to four procedural justice factors: (1) feedback received from the performance evaluation process helped to identify strengths and weaknesses of employees' performance, (2) the extent to which performance appraisal was used for setting goals for future performance, (3) participation in goal setting, and (4) whether the performance appraisal was used for determining training needs. These findings provide strong support for procedural justice theories. Moreover, this study found that cultural values may not be a significant factor in explaining Saudi civil service employees' reaction to their performance appraisal system. Finally, findings of this study have important implications for multinational companies and their consultants.
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Montoya, Benítez Andrés. "A proposal for universal access to basic telecommunications services in Colombia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0022/MQ50951.pdf.
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L'Haroual, Mohamed. "Les enjeux de la justice marocaine." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10018.
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Thème brulant d'actualité et priorité nationale les enjeux de la justice marocaine ne peuvent être saisis qu'à la lueur du passé. Avant le protectorat occidental l'identité et l'esprit de tolérance de la justice s'exprimaient par le biais de son droit et de ses institutions judiciaires à caractère religieux. Le protectorat a brisé cette harmonie en découpant le territoire en plusieurs zones soumises à des institutions et à des droits européens différents coexistant avec le droit et les structures locales préexistantes. Le premier enjeu de la justice marocaine lors de l'indépendance a été de s'affranchir peu à peu de cette jungle juridique et judiciaire. Y est-elle parvenue ? C'est l'objet de la première partie. A l'heure actuelle la justice est confrontée à de nouvelles difficultés. Elle doit consolider son indépendance, devenir plus accessible, efficace et sociale, et enfin plus compétitive dans le contexte international et européen. Les efforts déjà réalisés sont-ils concluants ? La deuxième partie tente de répondre à cette questionIt is a burning topical theme and a national priority. This challenge to the Moroccan justice cannot be understood if we don’t shed a historical light on it. In fact, before the occidental protectorate, the identity and tolerance spirit of justice were expressed through its religious law and juridical institutions. The Protectorate broke this harmony by cutting the territory into several zones under different institutions and European rights that coexisted with the pre-existing law and local structures. The first challenge of the Moroccan justice during independence was to gradually overcome this legal and juridical jungle. Has it succeeded or not shall be the object of the first part. In the mean time, justice is facing new difficulties. It must consolidate its independence, becomes more accessible, efficient, social and finally more competitive in the international and European context. The efforts made so far are they conclusive? The second part will attempt to answer this question
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Xiang, Fang. "Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters between Hong Kong and the Mainland." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3370854X.
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Kam, Chun-keung. "The jury system : is it an ideal way to deal with complex serious crimes? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22032046.
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Guilfoyle, Michael Hoag 1946. "Indians and criminal justice administration: The failure of the criminal justice system for the American Indian." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291683.
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The criminal justice administration has failed the American Indian. Since the usurpation of traditional tribal criminal justice management by the local, state, and federal criminal justice systems, the impacts of Indian crime have become epidemic. The American Indian has the highest arrest rates, alcohol-related crime, violent-related crime, and conviction rates of any group in the United States. Indians are 15% less likely to receive deferred sentences, and 15% less likely to receive parole. In addition, the Indian offender has the highest recidivism rate of any ethnic group in the United State. This paper discusses the problems of Indians in the criminal justice system at the adult and juvenile level. As recommendations it stresses the empowering of the Indian community, the greater autonomy of tribal courts, the concepts of alternative sentencing programs for Indian offenders, treatment as justice, and the idea that Indian people can take charge of this problem and do a better job in addressing their relatives.
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De, Sousa Linck Valéria. "Nouvelles stratégies en politiques criminelles : l’expérience brésilienne." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100143.
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Les nouvelles stratégies de répression et de prévention de la criminalité sont soumises à des multiples contraintes nationales et internationales dans un contexte de reconnaissance de nouveaux droits, d’accroissement des inégalités, de nouvelles manifestations de la criminalité, de nouvelles demandes de participation, de changement du rôle de l’Etat, d’urgence, d’efficacité gestionnaire, de flexibilité et de complexité. À partir de la recherche d’une nouvelle conformation de la justice pénale face aux droits de l’Homme, selon les contraintes normatives et les exigences pragmatiques liées au contexte de globalisation, on avance vers l’ambition d’une justice restaurative en matière pénale, comme complément ou alternative au modèle traditionnel de justice pénale – où s’inscrit l’avènement d’une justice consensuelle, négociée ou réparatrice. Concilier l’efficacité des systèmes de justice pénale, la garantie des droits des individus (accusés, victimes et tout membre de la société) et l’ambition d’une justice restaurative en matière pénale est devenu le grand défi des systèmes de justice en temps d’incertitudes. Ce défi concerne tout particulièrement le ministère public, qui est au cœur des mutations des systèmes de justice pénale, qui correspondent aux nouvelles stratégies en matière des politiques criminelles répressives et réparatrices. Face aux multiples transformations en cours, le rôle du ministère public doit être repensé en fonction d’une justice pénale en profond changement, du passage d’un ordre imposée à une justice consensuelle, un phénomène qui atteint les systèmes aussi bien brésilien que françaisThe new strategies in criminal policy for crime control and prevention are subject to several national and international restrictions in a context of recognition of new rights, increased illegalities, new forms of crime, new demands for social participation, changes in the role of the State, urgency, managerial effectiveness, flexibility, reflexivity and complexity. Under the normative constraints and practice demands of the current scenario of globalization, the new changes in criminal justice systems vis-à-vis human rights have evolved to a search for a restorative justice approach to criminal matters as a complement or an alternative to a traditional justice practices – hence the emergency of a consensual, bargained and restorative justice model, to combine the effectiveness of the criminal justice systems, the protection of individual rights (those of offenders, victims and the community) and the implementation of a restorative justice model in criminal matters has become the great challenge of justice systems in times of insecurity, danger and uncertainty. This challenge involves particularly the prosecution service, which has been at the heart of such changes in criminal justice as new strategies in crime control and reparative policies have arisen. In view of so many changes, the role of prosecutor’s office must be reexamined in light of the ongoing paradigm shift in criminal justice from an imposed order towards a consensual approach, a phenomenon that has reached both the Brazilian and the French criminal justice systems
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Cox, Alexandra. "Young people's responses to juvenile justice interventions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610224.
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Magaldi, Serna Jalil. "La légitimité du contrôle diffus dans le système colombien de justice constitutionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0112/document.
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Le système de justice constitutionnelle colombien est caractérisé par la richesse des moyens de protection de la constitution qu’il consacre. D’une part, il comprend un contrôle concentré dont la légitimité démocratique n’est guère questionnable au regard de son ouverture à la participation des citoyens et de son incidence autant sur la protection abstraite des droits fondamentaux que le sur contrôle des poids et contrepoids institutionnels. D’autre part, il existe un contrôle diffus qui, bien qu’il soit entré en vigueur au même moment que le contrôle concentré, n’a pas été véritablement au centre de la pensée juridique classique en Colombie. Il a fait l’objet d’un traitement très léger par la doctrine, la jurisprudence et la formation universitaire des juristes. En revanche, la culture juridique majoritaire, fortement « légicentriste », a conduit à des craintes autour de son utilisation qui se sont maintenues jusqu’à nos jours, malgré la transformation du droit impliquée par la Constitution de 1991. De plus, les contrôles diffus et concentré ne sont pas nés de manière coordonnée, la fonction de chacun n’étant pas délimitée. Tout au contraire, les dispositions qui les consacrent dans la Charte constitutionnelle octroient une portée très large au deux. Ainsi, l’étude s’achève-t-elle en proposant une conception du contrôle diffus qui interagisse de manière harmonieuse avec le contrôle concentré, afin de régler autant les inconstitutionnalités abstraites que concrètes. La thèse analyse donc quel a été - et quel devrait être - la place du contrôle diffus dans le système de justice constitutionnelle colombien en recourant à diverses méthodes de sciences socialesThe Colombian judicial review system is characterized by its wealth of methods of control. On the one hand, it has a concentrated control that reduces the democratic objection, comparatively speaking, because of the aperture to participation in its procedure and its impact both on the abstract protection of fundamental rights and on the control of respect for the checks and balances system. On the other hand, there is a diffuse control that, despite having entered into force at the same time as the concentrated control, has not been at the center of Colombian legal thought. In effect, its doctrinal and jurisprudential treatment has been scarce and superficial in the training of lawyers and judges. This is explained by a strongly exegetical law culture in which the idea of the non-application of rules was seen as a direct affront. Thus, fears were raised about the use of this mechanism that remain presently, despite the transformation of the concept of law as a result of the constitution of 1991. Indeed, the diffuse and concentrated controls were not conceived in a coordinated way, delimiting the function of each. In fact, the provisions that establish them tend to grant a very broad scope to both of them. Finally, this study proposes a concept of diffuse control that must interact harmoniously with concentrated control to restrain abstract and concrete unconstitutionalities. This thesis then ultimately analyzes the role diffuse control has had in (and should have in) the Colombian system of judicial review through various methodologies of the social sciences
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Wyvekens, Anne. "L'insertion locale de la justice pénale." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10015.
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Au carrefour de la nouvelle politique francaise de prevention de la delinquance et de la modernisation de l'institution judiciaire la justice penale est invitee a s'ouvrir sur son environnement local. Utilisant une double demarche - etude historico-juridique et analyse du discours des magistrats - , la these vise a montrer les origines, les difficultes et les multiples implications possibles de cette "insertion locale de la justice penale"At the cross-roads of the latest french policy of crime preventio and of the modernization of the judicial institution, penal justice is invited to open up to its local environnement. Using a twofold approach - historical and juridical study as well as the speach analysis of magistrates -, this thesis aims to shows the origins, difficulties and multiple possible implications of this "local integration of the penal justice"
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Isaacs, Nthabiseng Rosalind Bertha. "Child justice: an analysis of the development of child justice reform in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020094.
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This dissertation addresses the developments of child justice in Botswana. The first ever child justice that was established is discussed with the aim to understand the influence it had on Botswana with regard to the nature of the proceedings and the founding principles of child justice and its application in the courts. International Conventions that have a bearing on the rights of children in Botswana, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child are discussed. The measures that are currently in place for the protection of children who are in conflict with the law are examined with particular emphasis on those children that are arrested and detained. A comparison is drawn between the Children’s Act CAP [28:04] OF 1981, the Children’s Act 8 of 2009 and the South African Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 and the differences between the systems are highlighted. The provisions of the 2009 Act pertaining to children in conflict with the law are discussed in depth and shortfalls of the 2009 Children’s Act are identified. Diversion, as a form of correctional action, is discussed in light of international conventions. The provisions regarding the diversion of child offenders in the Child Justice Act are interrogated. Trial procedures under the 2009 Children’s Act are discussed and compared to those in South Africa including measures in place for the sentencing child offenders in both Botswana and South Africa. After an analysis of the international conventions, legislation and case law, the conclusion is reached that there is a commitment in Botswana towards the protectionand realization of children’s rights especially those who are in conflict with the law. It is recommended in the conclusions that Botswana import some provisions of the Child Justice Act into domestic legislation in order to comprehensively address the plight of children in trouble with the law so as to strive towards maximum compliance with conventions that Botswana has signed.
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Lam, Po-wan Debora. "Gender-bias in Hong Kong juvenile justice system." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575539.
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Bernal-Bermudez, Laura. "The power of business and the power of people : understanding remedy and business accountability for human rights violations, Colombia 1970-2014." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f211a449-8222-4fbb-8a53-07abc6add43c.
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The questions of business involvement in human rights violations in countries facing civil conflict, as well as access to remedy and accountability for these violations have generated a considerable amount of attention from academia and practitioners. While most theoretical efforts on access to remedy and accountability have focused on identifying the obstacles to access to justice, these do not explain the unlikely case of Colombia, where despite all structural obstacles being present (e.g. armed conflict, corruption), the country has positioned itself as a leader in the region in terms of judicialisation and convictions of economic actors for their complicity with grave human rights violations committed in the course of the 50 year internal armed conflict. This thesis is a theory building and theory-testing project that looks for alternative explanations to the outcomes registered in Colombia, focusing on the agents involved in these cases and how the variation in the power of the people (claimants) and the power of businesses (defendants) explains access to justice. This thesis uses the most comprehensive datasets in existence of business involvement in human rights violations (the Corporations and Human Rights Database and the Corporate Accountability and Transitional Justice Database) to present a novel and much needed systematic analysis to identify the factors explaining why and when remedy and accountability is possible. The results of the study suggest that the variations in the power of people and the power of business do offer a plausible alternative explanation to the unlikely case of Colombia. The Colombia data analyzed in this thesis suggests that while an increase in the power of the people (through the support of global actors and political opportunities) is necessary to secure judicialisation and remedy, these results are only possible when they face an economic actor with reduced veto power.
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Mourad, Mohammed. "L' indépendance de la justice au Maroc : contribution à l'étude du service public de la justice au Maroc." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D013.
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Gabriano, Gina. "The Determinants of Federal Spending for the Administration of Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279395/.
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This study develops and empirically tests a model of the determinants of federal spending for crime-fighting policies. An inter-disciplinary approach to building the model is utilized that merges ideas from budgeting, policy analysis and criminology. Four factors hypothesized to impact federal spending for the administration of justice are operationalized as eight variables and tested using ordinary least squares regression analysis on time series data. The factors hypothesized to impact federal spending in this area are economic constraints imposed on government spending, the ideological makeup of Congress and the president, the actual crime rate, and the public's attitude toward crime. Five of the eight variables demonstrated statistical significance at the.10 level or better.
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Berry, Didier Nibogora. "The right to reparations in the context of transitional justice: lessons for Burundi from South Africa, Chile, Peru and Colombia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4501_1360923367.
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Drawing lessons from South Africa, Chile, Peru and Colombia, the study seeks to contribute to the debate around reparations in a society where the likelihood of prosecutions against suspected perpetrators is limited.
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Donley, Ryan Michelle. "Girls in the juvenile justice system." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=775.
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Kouchanou, Balbine Léa Modukpé. "Les rapports entre la justice étatique et la justice arbitrale : Etude comparative France-OHADA." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0011.
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L’arbitrage est un moyen de gestion de litige apprécié et privilégié par les acteurs du commerce international. Son bon fonctionnement dépend de la justice étatique. Ces deux appareils doivent entretenir un rapport tantôt fusionnel et tantôt concurrentiel. Le déroulement de cette relation peut réciproquement susciter des complications et de la méfiance. En France comme dans plusieurs autres États de l’Afrique subsaharienne, le juge étatique est le collaborateur de l’arbitre malgré l’envergure de leurs rapports. Ces États reconnaissent à la justice étatique son pouvoir explicite et implicite durant l’arbitrage. La présente recherche et étude aborde la mise en œuvre des compétences respectives attribuées à l’arbitre et au juge durant l’arbitrage. Afin d’accentuer et de pérenniser le bon déroulement de l’arbitrage en France et en Afrique francophone, cette étude s’est attardée sur la question de l’arbitrabilité et du développement économique. Après avoir énuméré des réalités freinant la floraison durable de l’arbitrage en Afrique, quelques solutions sont proposées pour le préserver de tout dysfonctionnementArbitration has been used to resolving cases appreciated by international trade actors. However, well-functioning depends upon state justice. Both devices should have maintain a fusional and competitive relationship. The unfolding of this relationship can reciprocally bring complications and mistrust. State judge is referee’s collaborator despite the spacing of reports in France and several other states in sub-Saharan Africa. These states recognize the explicit and implicit power of state justice during arbitration. This study approaches courts assigned to the arbitrator and judge during their challenge. In order to accentuate and sustain the smooth running of arbitration in France and Francophone Africa, this research has been focused on the issue of economic development. After listing realities hindering the flowering of arbitration in this part of Africa, some solutions have been proposed to preserve this method of dispute resolution of dysfunction
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Chan, Pui-yi. "The juvenile justice system in Hong Kong helpful or punitive? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975240.
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Zheng, Xi. "Reforming injustices within the criminal justice system in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR18856.
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Umana, Camilo. "Impunity:In the Search of a Socio-Legal Concept. Elucidations from a State Crime Case Study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36916.
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In the contemporary world, the fight against impunity has become a fundamental political claim, a social goal and a main concern for human rights movements. However, it is unclear how we can delimit this fight, what are its aims and, ultimately, the remedies it proposes to overcome impunity. The academic studies and human rights mechanisms referring to this issue are not sufficiently clarifying. They often lack clear theoretical distinctions and stable empirical observations. Moreover, in social discourses impunity is employed with extremely vague connotations. This research addresses this lacuna, offering a conceptualization and characterization of impunity from a socio-legal perspective. With this purpose in mind, this work develops an analysis of impunity through the study of a particular kind of criminality. The study of state crime provides a prolific perspective for the analysis of the phenomenon of impunity, allowing to visualize the constitution of different blockages against the autonomous operation of the criminal justice. Particularly, this research studies an event of enforced disappearance initiated at the siege of the Colombian Palace of Justice in 1985, through a reconstruction focused on the perspective of the victims using a combination of qualitative methods. This field work, alongside different explorations of the sociological, human rights and criminological state of art of impunity, provides a sociological reflection on the concept of impunity. In the end, taking into account the problematization of the concept and its uses in social discourses, this work proposes a conceptualization apt for overcoming the vagueness of the definition of impunity as well as allowing a delimitation of the fight against it, leaving space for possible innovations on the penal rationality and possibly reinforcing a human rights agenda, concerned with the escalation of repression through punishment and committed with the restoration of social links and the victims’ rights.
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Sivasubramaniam, Diane Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Trust and power-distance: cross-cultural issues in juvenile justice conferencing." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23404.
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Conferencing is a Restorative Justice practice operating in juvenile justice systems in Australia. Some conferences are convened by police, despite research demonstrating that ethnic minority youth often view police as biased or untrustworthy. Justice research in evaluative legal procedures indicates that perceived third party bias and outcomes delivered by a third party affect fairness judgments. Many disputants regard conferences as more fair than court. However, psychological mechanisms underlying fairness judgments in conferences, where offenders participate in outcome decisions, have not been directly investigated. This research program examined the effects of outcome and perceived convenor bias on procedural and distributive justice ratings in conferencing. Past research indicates that people high and low on Hofstede??s power-distance dimension differ in their emphases on outcome and third party bias when forming fairness judgments. This thesis investigated whether power-distance moderated the interactive effect of trust and outcome on fairness judgments in conferences. Study 1 established power-distance variation in a university sample, and similarity with a community sample on perceived police bias. Study 2 confirmed that high power-distance people who consider police biased against them may nonetheless choose to participate in police-convened conferences. Studies 3 and 4 extended previous research examining interactive effects of trust and outcome on justice judgments in evaluative procedures, investigating whether power-distance moderated this effect. No significant effects of power-distance and trust emerged, but the findings demonstrated the importance of outcome fairness (correspondence between outcomes and beliefs) in determining procedural justice. Studies 5, 6 and 7 extended this investigation to conferencing procedures. Studies 6 and 7 employed a computer-simulation, allowing participants to interact with a conference transcript and select outcomes, thereby investigating the effects of trust and power-distance on outcome choice, as well as the effects of trust, power-distance, and outcome on justice evaluations. Studies 5 and 6 were unsuccessful in manipulating bias by varying convenor identity (police versus civilian). Study 7 successfully manipulated bias according to convenor behaviour and revealed that third party bias in conferencing affected outcome choices but not fairness judgments. Results are discussed in terms of implications for culturally-relevant police practices, procedural justice theory and conferencing policy.
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Lubin, Cheryl Beth. "Courting the stage law, drama, and the performance of law /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1621833951&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Steels, Brian. "Declared guilty, a never-ending story: an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self." Thesis, Steels, Brian (2005) Declared guilty, a never-ending story: an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/323/.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the experience of people who have been publicly declared guilty. It retells the narratives of offenders from the point of arrest through to conviction and, where relevant, imprisonment and release. The experiences of close relatives are also explored and provide an important part of the thesis. These accounts are set against the institutional context of the criminal justice system and a systemic account of police, courts, prisons and community corrections is provided. The main aim of the study is to investigate and document the impact of the criminal justice process on offenders' sense of 'self'.
At a theoretical level, the study is informed by symbolic interactionism, particularly the work of Erving Goffman. This enables the development of insights into issues such as loss, shame, humiliation and loss of self. The asymmetrical power relationship in which these feelings are engendered and maintained is emphasised. At the same time, the study records the level and types of resistance among the subjects of the criminal justice system.
The findings are significant for our sociological understandings of the impact of being declared guilty, for they suggest that the criminal justice process per se contributes to a severely damaged self, and that the subjective experience of 'being found guilty' starts at the moment of arrest and persists well after sentencing as subjects try to re-integrate into the community with a record of conviction.
The study also suggests that these processes are not passively absorbed by subjects. As well as describing feelings of shame and loss, those participating in the research talked about the unfairness of the system, their preparedness to resist in numerous ways, and of their longing for an older, better life in which their sense of self was undamaged.
The study concludes by arguing that profound change to the culture of the criminal justice system is needed if rehabilitation is to be successful. In this context it emphasises the importance of accountable and transparent human services concerned with the human and civil rights of offenders, court diversion schemes, alternatives to custody, and the practical application of restorative and therapeutic justice.
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Steels, Brian. "Declared guilty, a never-ending story : an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self /." Steels, Brian (2005) Declared guilty, a never-ending story: an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/323/.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the experience of people who have been publicly declared guilty. It retells the narratives of offenders from the point of arrest through to conviction and, where relevant, imprisonment and release. The experiences of close relatives are also explored and provide an important part of the thesis. These accounts are set against the institutional context of the criminal justice system and a systemic account of police, courts, prisons and community corrections is provided. The main aim of the study is to investigate and document the impact of the criminal justice process on offenders' sense of 'self'.
At a theoretical level, the study is informed by symbolic interactionism, particularly the work of Erving Goffman. This enables the development of insights into issues such as loss, shame, humiliation and loss of self. The asymmetrical power relationship in which these feelings are engendered and maintained is emphasised. At the same time, the study records the level and types of resistance among the subjects of the criminal justice system.
The findings are significant for our sociological understandings of the impact of being declared guilty, for they suggest that the criminal justice process per se contributes to a severely damaged self, and that the subjective experience of 'being found guilty' starts at the moment of arrest and persists well after sentencing as subjects try to re-integrate into the community with a record of conviction.
The study also suggests that these processes are not passively absorbed by subjects. As well as describing feelings of shame and loss, those participating in the research talked about the unfairness of the system, their preparedness to resist in numerous ways, and of their longing for an older, better life in which their sense of self was undamaged.
The study concludes by arguing that profound change to the culture of the criminal justice system is needed if rehabilitation is to be successful. In this context it emphasises the importance of accountable and transparent human services concerned with the human and civil rights of offenders, court diversion schemes, alternatives to custody, and the practical application of restorative and therapeutic justice.
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Eskauriatza, Javier Sebastian. "Does the 'jus post bellum' help practitioners to identify the law on transitional criminal justice in post-conflict Colombia?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8604/.
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Post-conflict law is an area of law that is a composite of a number of different legal categories. The fragmented nature of post-conflict law leads to a lack of clarity in relation to a number of different issue areas. These have been discussed under the rubric of ‘the jus post bellum’ concept which has attracted a considerable amount of attention from international lawyers. Its proponents argue that it is useful in terms of clarifying the law as it applies during transitions. Several theories of the jus post bellum can be identified. This thesis evaluates the practical and theoretical application of two jus post bellum theories in relation to child soldier perpetrators in transitional criminal justice in post-conflict Colombia.