Journal articles on the topic 'Jury Victoria'
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Flynn, Asher, and Nicola Henry. "Disputing Consent: The Role of Jury Directions in Victoria." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 24, no. 2 (November 2012): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2012.12035953.
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Warner, Kate, Julia Davis, Caroline Spiranovic, Helen Cockburn, and Arie Freiberg. "Measuring jurors’ views on sentencing: Results from the second Australian jury sentencing study." Punishment & Society 19, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 180–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516660697.
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This paper presents the results of the Victorian Jury Sentencing Study which aimed to measure jurors’ views on sentencing. The study asked jurors who had returned a guilty verdict to propose a sentence for the offender, to comment on the sentence given by the judge in their case and to give their opinions on general sentencing levels for different offence types. A total of 987 jurors from 124 criminal trials in the County Court of Victoria participated in this mixed-method and multi-phased study in 2013–2015. The results are based on juror responses to the Stage One and Stage Two surveys and show that the views of judges and jurors are much more closely aligned than mass public opinion surveys would suggest.
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Histed, Elise. "The introduction and use of the grand jury in Victoria." Journal of Legal History 8, no. 2 (September 1987): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440368708530896.
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Byrne, Greg. "The High Court in Pell v The Queen: An ‘unreasonable’ review of the jury’s decision." Alternative Law Journal 45, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x20957779.
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In the recent case of Pell v The Queen, the High Court quashed the jury’s verdict and reversed the decision of the Court of Appeal (majority) in Victoria. This article analyses the High Court’s approach to determining the facts that were open to the jury and to determining whether the jury erred in finding Cardinal Pell guilty. The High Court’s decision raises important issues about the jury as Australia’s constitutional tribunal for deciding issues of fact, how appellate courts review a jury’s verdict, how juries and appellate courts make findings of fact, and the challenges of finding facts in historical sexual abuse cases.
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Wake, Nicola. "‘His home is his castle. And mine is a cage’: a new partial defence for primary victims who kill." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 66, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v66i2.148.
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This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Crimes Amendment (Abolition of Defensive Homicide) Act 2014 which had the effect of repealing the Australian state of Victoria’s only general ‘partial defence’ of defensive homicide, and replaced the existing statutory self-defence in murder/manslaughter provisions and general common law self-defence rules with a single test. The abolition of defensive homicide means there is now no general ‘partial defence’ to accommodate cases falling short of self-defence. The change is likely to mean that some primary victims will find themselves bereft of a defence. This is the experience in New Zealand where the Family Violence Death Review Committee recently recommended the reintroduction of a partial defence, postabolition of provocation in 2009. Primary victims in New Zealand are being convicted of murder and sentences are double those issued pre-2009. Both jurisdictions require that a new partial defence be introduced, and accordingly, an entirely new defence predicated on a fear of serious violence and several threshold filter mechanisms designed to accommodate the circumstances of primary victims is advanced herein. The proposed framework draws upon earlier recommendations of the Law Commission for England and Wales, and a comprehensive review of the operation of ss 54 and 55 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, but the novel framework rejects the paradoxical loss of self-control requirement and sexed normative standard operating within that jurisdiction. The recommendations are complemented by social framework evidence and mandatory jury directions, modelled on the law in Victoria. A novel interlocutory appeal procedure designed to prevent unnecessary appellate court litigation is also outlined. This bespoke model provides an appropriate via media and optimal solution to the problems faced by primary victims in Victoria and New Zealand.
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Warner, Kate, Julia Davis, Caroline Spiranovic, Helen Cockburn, and Arie Freiberg. "Why sentence? Comparing the views of jurors, judges and the legislature on the purposes of sentencing in Victoria, Australia." Criminology & Criminal Justice 19, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895817738557.
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In recent times, parliaments have introduced legislation directing judges to take defined purposes into account when sentencing. At the same time, judges and politicians also acknowledge that sentencing should vindicate the values of the community. This article compares the views on the purposes of sentencing of three major participants in the criminal justice system: legislators who pass sentencing statutes, judges who impose and justify sentences and jurors who represent the community. A total of 987 Australian jurors in the Victorian Jury Sentencing Study (2013–2015) were asked to sentence the offender in their trial and to choose the purpose that best justified the sentence. The judges’ sentencing remarks were coded and the results were compared with the jurors’ surveys. The research shows that, in this jurisdiction, the views of the judges, the jurors and the legislators are not always well aligned. Judges relied on general deterrence much more than jurors and jurors selected incapacitation as the primary purpose in only about a fifth of ‘serious offender’ cases where parliament has provided that community protection must be the principal purpose.
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Vickers, Jill. "The Personal is Indeed Political: Sex, Gender and the State." Canadian Journal of Political Science 50, no. 2 (June 2017): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423917000245.
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The scarcity of reviews of “gender and politics” books in disciplinary journals limits opportunities for “mainstream” political scientists to learn about the field. As chair of the jury to select the 2015 winner of APSA's Victoria Schuck prize for “the best book … on women and politics,” I realized that the field's size and diversity makes it hard to identify central themes, especially since feminist scholars are also active across the discipline's many fields and in the multidisciplinary enterprise of gender studies. In my CPSA presidential address (Vickers, 2015), I argued that although the “gender and politics” field has expanded greatly in its four-decade history, its impact on the discipline generally hasn't been transformative, since gender isn't being used as a key category of analysis in the discipline and the field's key theme that “the personal is political” isn't reflected in the discipline's main approaches, especially its dependence on a liberal conception of the private/public divide. This essay explores how the books reviewed use gender and this key theme in explaining contemporary political issues.
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Griffiths, Daniel, Luke Sheehan, Dennis Petrie, Caryn van Vreden, Peter Whiteford, and Alex Collie. "The health impacts of a 4-month long community-wide COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from a prospective longitudinal study in the state of Victoria, Australia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): e0266650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266650.
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Objectives To determine health impacts during, and following, an extended community lockdown and COVID-19 outbreak in the Australian state of Victoria, compared with the rest of Australia. Methods A national cohort of 898 working-age Australians enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study, completing surveys before, during, and after a 112-day community lockdown in Victoria (8 July– 27 October 2020). Outcomes included psychological distress, mental and physical health, work, social interactions and finances. Regression models examined health changes during and following lockdown. Results The Victorian lockdown led to increased psychological distress. Health impacts coincided with greater social isolation and work loss. Following the extended lockdown, mental health, work and social interactions recovered to an extent whereby no significant long-lasting effects were identified in Victoria compared to the rest of Australia. Conclusion The Victorian community lockdown had adverse health consequences, which reversed upon release from lockdown. Governments should weigh all potential health impacts of lockdown. Services and programs to reduce the negative impacts of lockdown may include increases in mental health care, encouraging safe social interactions and supports to maintain employment relationships.
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McNair, Peter, and Stephen Duckett. "Funding Victoria's public hospitals: The casemix policy of 2000-2001." Australian Health Review 25, no. 1 (2002): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020072.
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On 1 July 1993 Victoria became the first Australian state to use casemix information to set budgets for its public hospitals commencing with casemix funding for inpatient services. Victoria's casemix funding approach now embracesinpatient, outpatient and rehabilitation services.
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Economou, Nick. "Victoria July to December 2020." Australian Journal of Politics & History 67, no. 2 (June 2021): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12771.
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Economou, Nick. "Victoria July to December 2016." Australian Journal of Politics & History 63, no. 2 (June 2017): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12356.
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Economou, Nick. "Victoria July to December 2017." Australian Journal of Politics & History 64, no. 2 (June 2018): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12470.
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Economou, Nick. "Victoria July to December 2018." Australian Journal of Politics & History 65, no. 2 (June 2019): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12578.
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Economou, Nick. "Victoria July to December 2019." Australian Journal of Politics & History 66, no. 2 (June 2020): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12684.
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Economou, Nick. "Victoria. July to December 2004." Australian Journal of Politics and History 51, no. 2 (June 2005): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.2005.374_3.x.
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Economou, Nick. "Victoria July to December 1997." Australian Journal of Politics and History 44, no. 2 (June 1998): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8497.00016.
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Economou, Nick. "Victoria July to December 2015." Australian Journal of Politics & History 62, no. 2 (June 2016): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12252.
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Flynn, Asher. "Sentence Indications for Indictable Offences: Increasing Court Efficiency at the Expense of Justice? A Response to the Victorian Legislation." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 42, no. 2 (August 2009): 244–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.42.2.244.
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In September 2007, the Victorian Sentencing Advisory Council released a report (2007c) recommending the introduction of sentence indications for indictable offences in Victoria's intermediate court. In response, on July 1, 2008, a legislated sentence indication process was implemented into Victoria's intermediate and Supreme Courts in s 23A of the Crimes (Criminal Trials) Act 1999 (Vic). This process is now governed by s 208-s 209 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2009 (Vic). Drawing upon national and international commentary and experiences with sentence indications, this article examines the potential benefits and disadvantages of the Victorian legislation, including its limited capacity to attract early guilty pleas and its potentially negative impact on victims and defendants. This article contends that the desire for court efficiency has led to the implementation of reforms across criminal justice systems that, while seeking to apply the benefits of reduced delays and early guilty pleas, ultimately prioritise efficiency gains above the interests of the public, victims and defendants. The Victorian Sentencing Advisory Council's proposal (2007c) and the subsequent provisions introducing an indictable indication scheme in s 208-s 209 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2009 (Vic), are used to inform this argument.
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Lin, Vivian, and Debra Gillick. "Does workforce regulation have the intended effect? The case of Chinese medicine practitioner registration." Australian Health Review 35, no. 4 (2011): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10869.
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The Chinese Medicine Registration Act was passed through Victorian parliament in 2000, based on policy research that suggested the need for statutory registration as a means for protecting public health and safety. This paper reports on the implementation and the effect of this policy. By examining registration, complaints and prosecution data from the Chinese Medicine Registration Board as well as comparing the complaints data between 2003 and 2007 across all Victorian registration boards, this paper considers the extent to which the policy research and the policy intent were justified. Based on the experience of the Chinese Medicine Registration Board, the paper points to issues that should be further considered as Chinese medicine moves into the national registration scheme in July 2012. What is known about the topic? Australian Federal, State and Territory governments’ criteria for regulation of health professions are aimed at protecting public health and safety. As such, the extent to which the profession poses a risk to the public is a key consideration for statutory registration. Chinese medicine practitioners have been registered in Victoria since 2002 based on theoretical analysis of the Governments’ criteria, which suggested Chinese medicine to be more risky than some of the currently registered professions. What is not known, however, is whether the research undertaken before policy adoption was predictive of the outcomes following registration. What does this paper add? Reviewing the number and sources of complaints made to the Chinese Medicine Registration Board as well as registration and prosecution data, the paper demonstrates that the policy objective of protecting public health and safety was warranted, and that there is a need for similar policy beyond Victoria. Using complaints handled by boards as a proxy measure for risk, comparative analysis of data from Victorian health professions registration boards between 2003 and 2007 shows that Chinese medicine is a high risk profession. What are the implications for practitioners? With Chinese medicine practitioners coming under the national registration scheme in July 2012, some of the difficulties associated with federalism will be overcome. Other aspects of the Victorian experience will be useful in informing implementation and likely effect of the national scheme. However, the model for health professional regulation remains essentially reactive. Although the management of complaints is an essential aspect of protecting public health and safety, ongoing review of complaints data should point to more proactive efforts to prevent their occurrence.
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Macgregor, Paul. "Chinese Political Values in Colonial Victoria: Lowe Kong Meng and the Legacy of the July 1880 Election." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 135–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341257.
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AbstractLowe Kong Meng (Liu Guangming 劉光眀, 1831-1888),1 pre-eminent merchant and community leader of gold-rush Melbourne, was active in Australian politics, self-regarded as a British subject yet engaged with the Qing dynasty and was likely the first overseas Chinese awarded rank in the Chinese imperial service. Victoria’s mid-1880 election was a watershed: the immediate aftermath was the re-introduction of regulations penalising Chinese, after over 15 years of free immigration and no official discrimination. After the election it was claimed that Lowe Kong Meng persuaded Victoria’s Chinese to vote for the government, but was it in his interests to do so? This article examines the nature of Lowe Kong Meng’s engagement in European and Chinese political activity in the colony, as well as the extent of his leadership in Chinese colonial and diasporic life and explores how much he could have used that leadership to influence electoral outcomes. The article also examines how Lowe Kong Meng and the wider Chinese population of the colony brought changing political agendas to Victoria and developed these agendas through their colonial experiences.
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Ribonson, Priscilla, and Mark F. Gilheany. "Is there a role for podiatric surgeons in public hospitals? An audit of surgery to the great toe joint in Victoria, 1999–2003." Australian Health Review 33, no. 4 (2009): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090690.
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This project aimed to describe and compare the frequencies of procedures performed by podiatric surgeons and orthopaedic surgeons for elective surgery to the great toe joint, an area of identified clinical need. The objective was to determine whether podiatric surgeons in the Australian context possess a surgical skill set which can be utilised in the public health sector. The Medicare Benefits Schedule (Medicare Australia) was reviewed to identify all codes relating to great toe joint surgery and frequency data were obtained for the period July 1999 to June 2003. A separate audit of the activity of Victorian podiatric surgeons was conducted. During the 4 years in Victoria, the number of procedures performed on this joint by 152 orthopaedic surgeons was 5882. Two podiatric surgeons in Victoria performed 1260 operations on this joint over this period (17.6% of great toe joint surgery on average each year in the private sector). Utilising orthopaedic workforce figures and on a per-surgeon basis, during this period the podiatric surgeons performed this type of surgery between 2 and 16 times more often than the orthopaedic surgeons, and consideration should be given to using these skills in the public sector to address the growing demand.
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Bell, James, Henry Chan, Michael Chan, and Sungkon Moon. "COVID-19 and Construction: Impact Analysis on Construction Performance during Two Infection Waves in Victoria, Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052580.
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This research outlines the fluctuation in confirmed active cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as related to the changes in the Victoria state government’s rules and restrictions. Further, this study examines the impact of government restrictions on the performance of construction in Victoria, Australia. The data analyses in this paper identify the specific effects on industrial production, during the different lockdown stages, in three local construction companies. Companies were selected from different points along the supply chain. Company A is a supplier involved in the manufacturing of structural steel. Company B conducts logistics and procurement. Company C is a construction engineering business specializing in foundations. After reviewing relevant case studies and theories, data analyses were developed in collaboration with these companies. The results revealed that the impact of restrictions on the workers on individual construction projects was not significant. Stage 4 restrictions (Victoria’s highest lockdown level) significantly impacted overall income by limiting construction to only servicing essential infrastructure or essential businesses. The novel contribution of this study is the data analysis outcome for Victoria, where a high level of restrictions were experienced, such as curfew and enforced isolation at home, relative to other countries. In 2021 and 2022 (omicron variant dominated), Victoria was again at the brink of an infection wave, which showed a similar pattern to July 2020, and endured the world’s longest COVID-19 lockdown. The research findings contribute to the body of knowledge by providing empirical data analysis of each company, representing the economic impact of ordinary small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in construction.
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Rhind, S. G. "Reproductive demographics among brush-tailed phascogales (Phascogale tapoatafa) in south-western Australia." Wildlife Research 29, no. 3 (2002): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01013.
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Reproduction and population demographics were examined among wild brush-tailed phascogales in southern Western Australia. Data were gathered in a single region during 1992–97 from 387 individuals, 139 of whom were monitored by radio-telemetry. In contrast to Victorian phascogales, which all have eight teats, the Western Australian population contained females with six (30%), seven (21%), and eight (49%) teats (n = 72). Teat numbers varied between mothers and daughters/sisters, which appears unprecedented among dasyurids. The data strongly suggest that females try to raise as many young as they have teats. Population changes are as described for Victorian phascogales: complete male die-off occurs in July; some females survive to breed in a second year; and there is long-distance male dispersal and high philopatry by female offspring. Births occur from July to September, somewhat later and also less synchronised than among Victoria phascogales. Late breeding by females in one year suggests that sperm storage may be extensive in this species. Strong associations between the physical condition of females and rainfall suggest that these may influence between-year variation in birth times and sex-ratio bias in litters. Similarly, poor physical condition of young during drought may have underpinned atypical dispersal behaviour in males. Decreased teat numbers and smaller litter sizes indicate that phascogales from south-western Western Australia are reproductively adapted to relatively low food availability. However, this species experiences difficulty successfully breeding and rearing young under drought conditions.
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Zhou, Wenyu, Anthony Lin Zhang, Brian H. May, Vivian K. Lin, Anne-Louise Carlton, and Charlie Changli Xue. "The Victorian experience of transitional registration for Chinese Medicine practitioners and its implications for national registration." Australian Health Review 36, no. 1 (2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09861.
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Background. Statutory registration of Chinese Medicine (CM) practitioners was introduced in Victoria in 2000. The application assessment process for those who were granted registration during the transitional period (2002–04) was resource intensive, as little was known about their age, education, practice and language proficiency. This study offers insights that may be useful for the planning of national registration to commence in 2012. Methods. Data were extracted from registration application forms submitted to the Chinese Medicine Registration Board of Victoria (CMRB) between 2002 and 2004, using pre-defined data collection forms. Results. In 2006, 639 ‘grandparented’ Victorian CM practitioners had been registered, with a median age of 44 years old (range 23–86). There was a higher proportion of younger female, English-speaking, acupuncturists v. a higher proportion of older male, non-English-speaking, Chinese herbalists. There were few CM practitioners in rural areas, particularly herbalists. More than one-third of practitioners had obtained qualifications overseas and almost half of these practitioners provided no evidence of past study in professional issues and medical ethics. Conclusions. Ageing, diversity in qualifications and training, English proficiency, and level of study in professional issues and medical ethics represent major challenges for the implementation of CM national registration in 2012. What is known about the topic? Statutory registration of Chinese Medicine (CM) practitioners was introduced in the state of Victoria in 2000. The process of registering practitioners during the transitional period was resource intensive, because of the diverse background of the workforce. In May 2009, Health Ministers of all States and Territories and the Commonwealth agreed to include the CM profession, from 1 July 2012, in the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for the health professions. What does this paper add? This paper, based on data from the registration application forms submitted to the Chinese Medicine Registration Board of Victoria (CMRB) between 2002 and 2004, provides a demographic and geographic profile of the 639 Victorian CM practitioners grandparented under the transitional arrangements of the Chinese Medicine Registration Act 2000. This study offers insights that may be useful for the planning of national registration for the Chinese Medicine profession. What are the implications for practitioners? With the introduction of national registration for the CM profession, this study provides critical data for developing effective strategies to implement the grandparenting process in all states and territories in Australia. Particularly, data collected in this study will help to deal with assessing knowledge in ethics and the healthcare system, biomedical sciences and language proficiency as part of the assessment process for a substantial number of applicants during the national registration of CM practitioners.
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Ore, Timothy. "Variations in heart failure hospitalisation rates by socioeconomic status, Victoria, Australia." Journal of Epidemiological Research 2, no. 1 (October 15, 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jer.v2n1p47.
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This paper analyses variations in heart failure (HF) hospitalisation rates by community socioeconomic status (SES) in Victoria,from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2014. The data was taken from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset, the Australian Bureauof Statistics’ Estimated Resident Population and Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage and the Victorian PopulationHealth Survey. There were over 38,000 HF hospitalisations over the period. The age-standardised HF rates per 10,000 populationvaried inversely (r = -0.362, p<.01) with SES across 79 Local Government Areas (LGA). The coefficient of variation for HFhospitalisation rates was 0.35 and 0.14 for all admissions, indicating that HF hospitalisations have a greater variation by LGA.Communities with high HF rates also had high rates of current smokers (r = 0.24), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (r= 0.57), renal failure (r = 0.54), diabetes (r = 0.24), musculoskeletal malignant neoplasms (r = 0.35) and Disability SupportPension recipients (r = 0.38). The average 30-day HF readmission rate was 25.5%, the second highest of all admission categories.The HF readmission rates also varied inversely (r = -0.38, p<.01) with SES. Investigating variations in HF by SES may uncovermodifiable pathways. Given the high readmission rates, comorbidities and population ageing, there is a case for improving healthoutcomes for HF patients.
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Clay, Fiona J., and Joan Ozanne-Smith. "Private hospital insurance status among a state-wide injured population." Australian Health Review 30, no. 2 (2006): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah060252.
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Injury is a leading cause of inpatient hospital episodes. Over a 4-year period (1997?2000) the Australian Government introduced measures to support the private health insurance industry by providing incentives for people to take up private health insurance (PHI) in order to take the pressure off public hospitals. This study examined the levels of PHI for moderately and severely injured people in Victoria as a way of determining the effectiveness of government incentives. The method involved an analysis of all Victorian public and private hospital injury admissions between July 2000 and June 2003. We found that people with injuries, either unintentional or intentional, had lower levels of PHI than state norms. While numbers of injured patients occupying private hospital beds initially increased, levels then dropped below the levels before the introduction of the incentives. The burden of injury is substantial and suggests that incentives need to be targeted towards at-risk groups.
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Slamowicz, Ron, Bircan Erbas, Vijaya Sundararajan, and Shyamali Dharmage. "Predictors of readmission after elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery." Australian Health Review 32, no. 4 (2008): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080677.
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Objective: We sought to examine potential predictors of readmission after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Design/setting: We analysed routinely collected data of CABG patients who have used the public hospital system of Victoria, Australia from July 1998 to June 2003. In total, 6627 patients were selected by linking records of elective surgery waiting time data (Elective Surgery Information System), emergency department data (Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset) and hospital discharge data (Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset). Measurements: The outcome measures were 7- day, 30-day and 6-month readmissions. Possible predictors included were age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index, waiting times, length of stay in the hospital, and frequency of emergency department (ED) visits before CABG surgery. Results: 7.1%, 15.2%, and 32.3% of the study population were readmitted at 7 days, 30 days and 6 months respectively. In a multivariable regression model Charlson comorbidity index was associated with 30-day (OR=1.18; 95% CI 1.11-1.24; P<0.01) and 6-month readmission (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.15- 1.26; P<0.01). Multiple ED visits were associated with 7 day (OR=1.75; 95% CI 1.28?2.38; P<0.01), 30 day (OR=1.53; 95% CI 1.22-1.93; P<0.01) and 6 month (OR=1.80; 95% CI 1.49-2.18; P<0.01) readmission. Waiting time was not a statistically significant predictor of readmission.
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Doherty, Zakary, Rebecca Kippen, David Bevan, Graeme Duke, Sharon Williams, Andrew Wilson, and David Pilcher. "Long-term outcomes of hospital survivors following an ICU stay: A multi-centre retrospective cohort study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): e0266038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266038.
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Background The focus of much Intensive Care research has been on short-term survival, which has demonstrated clear improvements over time. Less work has investigated long-term survival, and its correlates. This study describes long-term survival and identifies factors associated with time to death, in patients who initially survived an Intensive Care admission in Victoria, Australia. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients discharged alive from hospital following admission to all Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in the state of Victoria, Australia between July 2007 and June 2018. Using the Victorian Death Registry, we determined survival of patients beyond hospital discharge. Comparisons between age matched cohorts of the general population were made. Cox regression was employed to investigate factors associated with long-term survival. Results A total of 130,775 patients from 23 ICUs were included (median follow-up 3.6 years post-discharge). At 1-year post-discharge, survival was 90% compared to the age-matched cohort of 98%. All sub-groups had worse long-term survival than their age-matched general population cohort, apart from elderly patients admitted following cardiac surgery who had better or equal survival. Multiple demographic, socio-economic, diagnostic, acute and chronic illness factors were associated with long-term survival. Conclusions Australian patients admitted to ICU who survive to discharge have worse long-term survival than the general population, except for the elderly admitted to ICU following cardiac surgery. These findings may assist during goal-of-care discussions with patients during an ICU admission.
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Casentini, Marco. "Recensione: Russel, Victoria & Murphy-Judy, Kathryn (2020). Teaching language online. Routledge." Ripensare l’insegnamento delle lingue straniere a partire dall’esperienza della didattica a distanza 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/376905x.14.255.
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IT La presente recensione mira ad offrire una valutazione critica del volume Teaching Language Online di Victoria Russel e Kathryn Murphy-Judy. Nella prima parte della recensione viene introdotto l’argomento generale trattato dal libro, descrivendone brevemente i contenuti di ogni capitolo. Nella seconda parte si fornisce una descrizione dei contenuti in prospettiva critica, evidenziandone i punti di forza e le eventuali criticità. Parole chiave: DIDATTICA DELLE LINGUE, INSEGNAMENTO ON-LINE, ADDIE EN This review aims to offer a critical evaluation of the book, Teaching Language Online, by Victoria Russel and Kathryn Murphy- Judy. In the first section of the review, the general topic of the book is discussed, and a brief description of the contents of each chapter is offered. The second section consists of a description of its contents through a critical perspective highlighting its strengths as well as its weaknesses. Key words: LANGUAGE TEACHING, REMOTE TEACHING, ADDIE ES Esta reseña tiene como objetivo ofrecer una valoración crítica del volumen Teaching Language Online, de las autoras Victoria Russel y Kathryn Murphy-Judy. En la primera parte de la reseña se trata el tema general del libro y se ofrece una breve descripción del contenido de cada capítulo. En la segunda parte se lleva a cabo una descripción de los contenidos desde un punto de vista crítico, y se destacan tanto sus puntos fuertes como sus puntos débiles. Palabras clave: ENSEÑANZA DE LENGUAS, ENSEÑANZA REMOTA, ADDIE
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Casentini, Marco. "Recensione: Russel, Victoria & Murphy-Judy, Kathryn (2020). Teaching language online. Routledge." Ripensare l’insegnamento delle lingue straniere a partire dall’esperienza della didattica a distanza 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.14.255.
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IT La presente recensione mira ad offrire una valutazione critica del volume Teaching Language Online di Victoria Russel e Kathryn Murphy-Judy. Nella prima parte della recensione viene introdotto l’argomento generale trattato dal libro, descrivendone brevemente i contenuti di ogni capitolo. Nella seconda parte si fornisce una descrizione dei contenuti in prospettiva critica, evidenziandone i punti di forza e le eventuali criticità. Parole chiave: DIDATTICA DELLE LINGUE, INSEGNAMENTO ON-LINE, ADDIE EN This review aims to offer a critical evaluation of the book, Teaching Language Online, by Victoria Russel and Kathryn Murphy- Judy. In the first section of the review, the general topic of the book is discussed, and a brief description of the contents of each chapter is offered. The second section consists of a description of its contents through a critical perspective highlighting its strengths as well as its weaknesses. Key words: LANGUAGE TEACHING, REMOTE TEACHING, ADDIE ES Esta reseña tiene como objetivo ofrecer una valoración crítica del volumen Teaching Language Online, de las autoras Victoria Russel y Kathryn Murphy-Judy. En la primera parte de la reseña se trata el tema general del libro y se ofrece una breve descripción del contenido de cada capítulo. En la segunda parte se lleva a cabo una descripción de los contenidos desde un punto de vista crítico, y se destacan tanto sus puntos fuertes como sus puntos débiles. Palabras clave: ENSEÑANZA DE LENGUAS, ENSEÑANZA REMOTA, ADDIE
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Straus, Lawrence Guy. "Victoria Cabrera Valdes, July 29, 1951-October 29, 2004, Q.E.P.D." Journal of Anthropological Research 60, no. 4 (December 2004): 635–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.60.4.3631177.
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Hanly, Conor. "Summary Jurisdiction and the Decline of Criminal Jury Trial in Victorian England." Journal of Legal History 42, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 278–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440365.2021.1996032.
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Webb, Caroline. "‘I’ll be judge, I’ll be jury’: ‘Tail’-Telling, Imperialism and the Other in Alice in Wonderland." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2010vol20no2art1142.
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The review and analysis of Lewis Carroll's Alice - both 'Alice in Wonderland' and 'Through the Looking-Glass' are discussed. Alice portrays a child immersed in Victorian cultural perceptions of race and in contemporary English attitudes to the Other.
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Podlubne, Judith. "Victoria Ocampo." Políticas de la Memoria, no. 17 (December 31, 2017): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47195/17.49.
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Aunque es quizás la escritora argentina más retratada del siglo XX, no hay fotos de Victoria Ocampo durante el último tramo de su vida. Celosa de las inigualables imágenes de juventud y madurez que le procuraron los pintores de moda del smart set europeo y los más destacados fotógrafos contemporáneos, Ocampo se resistió sistemáticamente a ser retratada en el final. Cuenta Sara Facio que a comienzos de los años setenta le pidió en varias oportunidades que le permitiera tomarle algunas fotos, a lo que Ocampo se negó de un modo categórico e implacable hasta el último día. Admiradora de su obra literaria, la fotógrafa lamentó especialmente que no aceptara participar de Retratos y autorretratos, el primer libro de escritores que publicó, junto a Alicia D’ Amico, en 1973. Aun cuando el proyecto del libro debió resultarle atractivo —las fotos se publicarían precedidas por la reproducción de la firma y de un texto autobiográfico de cada uno de los escritores invitados— Ocampo, que para ese momento superaba ya los ochenta años, se mantuvo inflexible en su resolución de no integrar la antología. “[…] no creo ser [mal educada] al decirle que por nada de este mundo me dejaría fotografiar.” “Persiste mi repugnancia a dejarme fotografiar”, le escribía a Sara Facio, mientras con humor le sugería que, en lugar de su imagen, utilizaran la de un busto que le había hecho un escultor alemán, especialista en animales.[1] Para excusarse de esa negativa y sobre todo para que Facio no creyera que se trataba de una decisión arbitraria y circunstancial, tomada simplemente en su contra, solía mencionarle los nombres de muchos otros fotógrafos muy conocidos a los que se había negado antes. “Hoy detesto que me fotografíen. Veo una cámara apuntándome y me dan ganas de pegar. […] Te juro que me revienta que quieran fotografiarme. Mirá mis fotos anteriores y ¡abstenete!”.[2] La situación la irritaba sobremanera. Su cólera era la respuesta espontánea a un requerimiento que amenazaba resentir las intenciones y propósitos que habían impulsado su carrera literaria desde el comienzo. Como Florentina Ituarte, la hermana de su bisabuela que al envejecer mandó a descolgar todos los espejos de su casa, Ocampo quería preservar la imagen que había tenido hasta determinada edad. Sabía desde la desaparición de Steerforth, el amigo de David Cooperfield, que lo que la muerte tiene de “más devastador es que comienza antes de llegar, en plena vida”.[3] Fiel a la creencia de los autobiógrafos tradicionales, confiaba en las posibilidades retóricas y gráficas de conjurar sus efectos, dejando establecido cómo se la debería recordar en adelante.
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Ekegren, Christina L., Ben Beck, Pamela M. Simpson, and Belinda J. Gabbe. "Ten-Year Incidence of Sport and Recreation Injuries Resulting in Major Trauma or Death in Victoria, Australia, 2005-2015." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 232596711875750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118757502.
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Background: Sports injuries that result in major trauma or death are associated with significant health care burden and societal costs. An understanding of changes in injury trends, and their drivers, is needed to implement policy aimed at risk reduction and injury prevention. To date, population-level reporting has not been available regarding trends in serious sport and recreation injuries anywhere in Australia over such an extended period, nor have any studies of this length captured comprehensive, long-term data on all sports-related major trauma internationally. Purpose: To describe the incidence of sport and active recreation injuries resulting in major trauma or death over a 10-year period (July 2005 to June 2015) in the state of Victoria, Australia. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: All sport and active recreation–related major trauma cases and deaths in Victoria, Australia, over a 10-year period were extracted from the population-level Victorian State Trauma Registry and the National Coroners Information System. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine trends in the incidence of sport and active recreation–related major trauma and death. Results: The 10-year study period entailed 2847 nonfatal major trauma cases and 614 deaths (including 96 in-hospital deaths). The highest frequencies of major trauma cases and deaths were in cycling, motor sports, and equestrian activities. The participation-adjusted major trauma and death rate was 12.2 per 100,000 participants per year over the study period. An 8% increase was noted in the rate of nonfatal major trauma (incident rate ratio [IRR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.10; P < .001) and a 7% decrease in the death rate (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.97; P < .001). Significant increases were found in the rates of major trauma (including deaths) in equestrian activities, motor sports, and cycling. Conclusion: The death rate from sport and active recreation decreased by more than half over the course of 10 years in Victoria, while the rate of nonfatal major trauma almost doubled. This increase is largely attributable to equestrian activities, motor sports, and cycling. Study findings highlight the need to prioritize investments in the prevention of trauma in these activities.
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O'Connor, Jacinda A., Benjamin J. Henley, Matthew T. Brookhouse, and Kathryn J. Allen. "Ring-width and blue-light chronologies of Podocarpus lawrencei from southeastern mainland Australia reveal a regional climate signal." Climate of the Past 18, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2567-2022.
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Abstract. High-resolution palaeoclimate proxies are fundamental to our understanding of the diverse climatic history of the Australian mainland, particularly given the deficiency in instrumental datasets spanning more than a century. Annually resolved, tree-ring-based proxies play a unique role in addressing limitations in our knowledge of interannual to multi-decadal temperature and hydroclimatic variability prior to the instrumental period. Here we present cross-dated ring-width (RW) and minimum blue-intensity (BI) chronologies spanning 70 years (1929–1998) for Podocarpus lawrencei Hook.f., the Australian mainland's only alpine conifer, based on nine full-disc cross-sections from Mount Loch in the Victorian Alps. Correlations with climate variables from observation stations and gridded data across the 1929–1998 period reveal a significant positive relationship between RW and mean monthly maximum temperatures in winter throughout central Victoria (r=0.62, p<0.001) and a significant negative correlation to winter precipitation (r=-0.51, p<0.001). We also found significant negative correlations between RW and monthly snow depth at Spencer Creek in New South Wales (r=-0.60, p<0.001). Of the assessed BI parameters, delta blue intensity (ΔBI; the difference between early- and late-wood BI) displayed the greatest sensitivity to climate, with robust spatial correlations with mean October to December maximum and minimum monthly temperatures (r=-0.43, p<0.001; r=-0.51, p<0.001) and July precipitation (r=0.44, p<0.001), across large areas of northern Victoria. These promising findings highlight the utility of this species for future work. With the very limited availability of suitable long-lived and cross-datable species on the Australian mainland, these results have significant implications for advancing high-resolution palaeoclimate science in southeastern Australia and for improving our understanding of past climate in the region.
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Norman, FI, and L. Mumford. "Studies on the Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio, in Victoria." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850263.
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Details are presented of gonad parameters and reproductive status, body measurements, moult, and food taken by purple swamphens collected in the Gippsland Lakes area between July 1971 and July 1973. Information from other studies is also discussed. Plant material (76% estimated average volume) dominated gizzard contents, particularly when inorganic material (23%) was discounted, and animal remains (c. 1%) were found in only 51 of the 234 gizzards with food examined. Mostly semi-aquatic plants were eaten, predominantly from Gramineae (59%), Cyperaceae (17%) and Hydrocharitaceae (11%), and Phragrnites australzs was the main species identified. The proportion of roots, rhizomes and tubers in gizzards increased in autumn samples. Monthly variations in the grit content of gizzards were significant; males (which were larger than females) held more large-sized fragments than females, and there was a moderate negative correlation between hard seeds and grit. Ovarian follicles were generally largest between July and November and seminiferous tubule diameters in males increased from June and July to reach a maximum from September to November; sperm were present from July to November. There were no simple correlations between gonad parameters and local rainfall in the preceding 30 days. The presence of a bursa of Fabricius did not successfully exclude reproductively active birds, but male swamphens with cloaca1 papillae and no bursa had larger testes than those with a bursa but no papillae. Colour scores for bill and tarsus showed some seasonal variation in subsamples of males and females. Management of wetlands for this species must take account of its requirement for a relatively restricted range of food types.
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Larcombe, Wendy, Bianca Fileborn, Anastasia Powell, Nicola Henry, and Natalia Hanley. "Reforming the Legal Definition of Rape in Victoria - What Do Stakeholders Think?" QUT Law Review 15, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v15i2.635.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><em><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Internationally and in Australia, rape law reforms in recent decades have had mixed outcomes. As a result, when the Victorian government began consulting on another round of major reforms in this area, the authors designed a qualitative research project to investigate whether a proposed change to the definition of rape is likely to clarify and simplify the law, as intended. This article draws on a series of semi-structured interviews with stakeholders who have extensive practice- or research-based expertise in criminal justice processing of rape cases. We analyse their perceptions and interpretations of a proposed definition of rape, which would require an absence of ‘reasonable belief’ in consent, and explore potential impacts and limits of this reform. Given that the investigated reform proposal has now been adopted, and will come into effect in July 2015, our findings provide unique insight into stakeholders’ expectations of this latest reform of rape law in Victoria. Our findings suggest that this reform, like a number of its predecessors, may struggle to achieve its policy objectives. </span></em></p>
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Smith, Erin C., Frederick M. Burkle, Paul F. Holman, Justin M. Dunlop, and Frank L. Archer. "Lessons from the Front Lines: The Prehospital Experience of the 2009 Novel H1N1 Outbreak in Victoria, Australia." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, S2 (December 2009): S154—S159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181be8250.
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ABSTRACTThe H1N1 (swine influenza) 2009 outbreak in Victoria, Australia, provided a unique opportunity to review the prehospital response to a public health emergency. As part of Ambulance Victoria’s response to the outbreak, relevant emergency response plans and pandemic plans were instigated, focused efforts were aimed at encouraging the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and additional questions were included in the call-taking script for telephone triage of emergency calls to identify potential cases of H1N1 from the point of call. As a result, paramedics were alerted to all potential cases of H1N1 influenza or any patient who met the current case definition before their arrival on the scene and were advised to use appropriate PPE. During the period of May 1 to July 2, Ambulance Victoria telephone triaged 1598 calls relating to H1N1 (1228 in metropolitan areas and 243 in rural areas) and managed 127 calls via a referral service that provides specific telephone triage for potential H1N1 influenza cases based on the national call-taking script. The referral service determines whether a patient requires an emergency ambulance or can be diverted to other resources such as flu clinics. Key lessons learned during the H1N1 outbreak include a focused need for continued education and communication regarding infection control and the appropriate use of PPE. Current guidelines regarding PPE use are adequate for use during an outbreak of infectious disease. Compliance with PPE needs to be addressed through the use of intra-agency communications and regular information updates early in the progress of the outbreak. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3(Suppl 2):S154–S159)
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Palmer, Sir Geoffrey. "Evolution of a Legal System." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 31, no. 1 (April 3, 2000): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v31i1.5964.
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Gray, Shannon Elise, Belinda J. Gabbe, and Alex Collie. "Work absence due to compensable RTCs in Victoria, Australia." Injury Prevention 26, no. 1 (December 15, 2018): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043019.
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IntroductionRTC burden is commonly measured using fatality or hospitalisation statistics. However, non-fatal and less severe injuries contribute substantial economic and human costs, including work absence. In Victoria, Australia, two major compensation systems provide income support to employed people injured in RTCs; workers’ compensation (if RTC occurred during work) and an RTC-specific compensation system. This study aimed to describe the number and rate of episodes of work absence due to compensable RTC and determine factors associated with work-related RTC resulting in work absence.MethodsAdministrative data for working-age people (15–65 years) with accepted compensation claims between 1 July 2003 and 30 June 2013 were extracted from Victoria’s Compensation Research Database and analysed. Injured people receiving at least one day of income support were retained. Rate calculations used Victoria’s labour force as the denominator and negative binomial regression determined any time-based trend changes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine odds of the RTC being work-related.ResultsThere were 40 677 claims made by workers with an RTC injury that consequently missed work, averaging 4068 claims per year at a rate of 12.9 per 100 000 working population. Work-related cases contributed 17.4% (N=7061). Males, older adults and RTCs involving heavy vehicles, buses, trains and trams had higher odds of a work-related RTC resulting in work absence. More severe injuries tended not to be work-related.ConclusionsWork absence due to RTC injury constitutes a substantial burden, and this measure could provide a valuable addition to conventional RTC statistics.
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O’Hara, Catherine, and Matteo Augello. "Exhibition Reviews." Film, Fashion & Consumption 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ffc_00007_5.
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Fashion and Feminism, Ulster Museum, Belfast, 22 June 2018–2 June 2019Christian Dior: Designer of Dreams, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, February–September 2019; Christian Dior: Couturier Du Rêve, Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, July 2017–January 2018
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WAPOLE, BRYAN. "The first national meeting of emergency medicine doctors JULY 1981 MELBOURNE: VICTORIA." Emergency Medicine 3 (August 26, 2009): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1991.tb00730.x.
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Hawkins, Stanley. "Obituary: Professor Dame Ingrid Victoria Allen (30 July 1932 – 21 April 2020)." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 26, no. 9 (July 9, 2020): 1006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458520935730.
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Graham, Annette. "Post-prison Mortality: Unnatural Death Among People Released from Victorian Prisons Between January 1990 and December 1999." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 36, no. 1 (April 2003): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.1.94.
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The extent and nature of unnatural death among people who were released from Victorian prisons between January 1990 and December 1999 were examined. A total of 820 men and women released during that period were identified as having died unnatural deaths while not imprisoned prior to July 2000. The rate of unnatural deaths among Victorian ex-prisoners was double the 1996/1997 Victorian rate of deaths in prison custody.The unnatural death rate of ex-prisoners was 10 times that found in the general Victorian population. Risk of unnatural death was greatest during the weeks immediately following release and greater among those who had previous imprisonments. Over half of the unnatural deaths were heroin-related deaths. Ex-prisoner heroin-related deaths accounted for at least 25% of all the Victorian heroin-related deaths.
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Olson, Storrs L. "Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Preying on Maritime Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus, on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i4.359.
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At 1053 hours on 23 July 2006 a Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, was observed in flight transporting in its talons a live Maritime Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus, at South Harbour (46°52'01.7"N, 60°26'45.8"W), Cape Breton Island, Victoria County, Nova Scotia.
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Forsyth, Anthony. "Industrial legislation in Australia in 2016." Journal of Industrial Relations 59, no. 3 (May 22, 2017): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185617693876.
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After three years of trying, the Coalition Government finally succeeded in obtaining passage of several key workplace reform statutes in 2016. This followed the outcome of the federal election held on 2 July, delivering the Government a differently composed Senate and a new opportunity to secure support for its legislative program. This review article explains key aspects of the industrial legislation passed by federal Parliament in 2016, including statutes abolishing the specialist road transport industry tribunal, re-establishing the Howard-era regulator for the construction industry, and setting up a new agency to enforce enhanced governance and accountability standards for registered unions and employer organisations. Legislative amendments aimed at resolving the long-running bargaining dispute in Victoria’s Country Fire Authority are also considered, along with the Government’s muted response to the 2015 Productivity Commission review of the workplace relations framework. The article then examines developments at state level, including a major rewrite of Queensland’s industrial legislation, structural changes in New South Wales, and proposed changes to long service leave and the labour hire sector in Victoria. It concludes by noting the irony that just as the federal Government has tasted some success after a long legislative ‘dry spell’, its labour law reform agenda appears limited and piecemeal.
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Hamilton, Jo. "Can You Hear the Colour?" ITNOW 64, no. 3 (August 19, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/combul/bwac103.
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Abstract The paper, ‘Can you hear the colour? Designing virtual worlds for synaesthetic and multimodal experiences’ by Victoria Wright and Genovefa Kefalidou published in Interacting with Computers (July 2022), explores the use of immersive technologies to explore the senses used in an ordinary world in multifaceted, extraordinary ways.
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Watt, Graeme M., and Joan Ozanne-Smith. "Trends in public hospital injury admission rates, Victoria, July 1987 to June 1993." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 20, no. 4 (August 1996): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1996.tb01052.x.
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Vanderkelen, Inne, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig, and Wim Thiery. "Modelling the water balance of Lake Victoria (East Africa) – Part 1: Observational analysis." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 10 (October 25, 2018): 5509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5509-2018.
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Abstract. Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and one of the two major sources of the Nile river. The water level of Lake Victoria is determined by its water balance, consisting of precipitation on the lake, evaporation from the lake, inflow from tributary rivers and lake outflow, controlled by two hydropower dams. Due to a scarcity of in situ observations, previous estimates of individual water balance terms are characterized by substantial uncertainties, which means that the water balance is often not closed independently. In this first part of a two-paper series, we present a water balance model for Lake Victoria, using state-of-the-art remote sensing observations, high-resolution reanalysis downscaling and outflow values recorded at the dam. The uncalibrated computation of the individual water balance terms yields lake level fluctuations that closely match the levels retrieved from satellite altimetry. Precipitation is the main cause of seasonal and interannual lake level fluctuations, and on average causes the lake level to rise from May to July and to fall from August to December. Finally, our results indicate that the 2004–2005 drop in lake level can be about half attributed to a drought in the Lake Victoria Basin and about half to an enhanced outflow, highlighting the sensitivity of the lake level to human operations at the outflow dam.