Journal articles on the topic 'Jury Australia'
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1
Taylor, Greg. "The Grand Jury of South Australia." American Journal of Legal History 45, no. 4 (October 2001): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3185314.
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Anthony, Thalia, and Craig Longman. "Blinded by the White: A Comparative Analysis of Jury Challenges on Racial Grounds." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i3.419.
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Indigenous peoples in Australia, the United States and Canada are significantly overrepresented as defendants in criminal trials and yet vastly underrepresented on juries in criminal trials. This means that all-white juries mostly determine the guilt of Indigenous defendants or white defendants responsible for harming Indigenous victims. In this article, we explore cases in which Indigenous defendants have perceived that an all-white jury’s prejudice against Indigenous people would prevent them receiving a fair trial. It focuses on Indigenous defendants (often facing charges in relation to protesting against white racism) challenging the array of all-white juries. Across these cases, Australian courts rely on formal notions of fairness in jury selection to dismiss the Indigenous defendant’s perception of bias and foreclose an inquiry into the potential prejudices of white jurors. We compare the Australian judicial ‘colour-blindness’ towards all-white juries with that of the United States and Canada. We argue that the tendency for courts in the United States and Canada to question jurors on their biases provides useful lessons for Australian judiciaries, including in relation to the impending trials of Indigenous defendants in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, accused of committing crimes in response to white racist violence. Nonetheless, across all jurisdictions where there is a challenge to the array based on racial composition, courts consistently uphold all-white juries. We suggest that the judicial view of the racial neutrality of white jury selection misapprehends the substantive biases in jury selection and the injustice perceived by defendants in having a white jury adjudicate an alleged crime that is committed in circumstances involving protest against white prejudice.
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Israel, Mark. "Ethnic Bias in Jury Selection in Australia and New Zealand." International Journal of the Sociology of Law 26, no. 1 (March 1998): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijsl.1998.0057.
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Laver, Kate, Emmanuel Gnanamanickam, Craig Whitehead, Susan Kurrle, Megan Corlis, Julie Ratcliffe, Wendy Shulver, and Maria Crotty. "Introducing consumer directed care in residential care settings for older people in Australia: views of a citizens’ jury." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 23, no. 3 (March 9, 2018): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819618764223.
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Objectives Health services worldwide are increasingly adopting consumer directed care approaches. Traditionally, consumer directed care models have been implemented in home care services and there is little guidance as to how to implement them in residential care. This study used a citizens’ jury to elicit views of members of the public regarding consumer directed care in residential care. Methods A citizens’ jury involving 12 members of the public was held over two days in July 2016, exploring the question: For people with dementia living in residential care facilities, how do we enable increased personal decision making to ensure that care is based on their needs and preferences? Jury members were recruited through a market research company and selected to be broadly representative of the general public. Results The jury believed that person-centred care should be the foundation of care for all older people. They recommended that each person’s funding be split between core services (to ensure basic health, nutrition and hygiene needs are met) and discretionary services. Systems needed to be put into place to enable the transition to consumer directed care including care coordinators to assist in eliciting resident preferences, supports for proxy decision makers, and accreditation processes and risk management strategies to ensure that residents with significant cognitive impairment are not taken advantage of by goods and service providers. Transparency should be increased (perhaps using technologies) so that both the resident and nominated family members can be sure that the person is receiving what they have paid for. Conclusions The views of the jury (as representatives of the public) were that people in residential care should have more say regarding the way in which their care is provided and that a model of consumer directed care should be introduced. Policy makers should consider implementation of consumer directed care models that are economically viable and are associated with high levels of satisfaction among users.
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Zernetska, O. "William Wentworth – Democrat by Worldview, Australian Politician and Explorer by Calling." Problems of World History, no. 8 (March 14, 2019): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-8-10.
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The article is dedicated to William Charles Wentworth, the leading Australian political figure during the first half of the 19th century, whose lifelong work for self-government culminated in the NewSouth Wales in 1855. While detecting his life-long activity we come to the conclusion that he was an exceptionally talented men: explorer, author, gifted barrister (he graduated from CambridgeUniversity with honours), landowner, and statesman. In 1819 he published a book “Statistical, Нistorical, and Political Description of The Colony of New South Wales and Its Dependant Settlements in Van Diemen’s Land” which was the first book of Australia written by native-born Australian. The analyses of this outstanding magnum opus, written by a young man before his thirties, allow to state that his book did much to stimulate emigration to Australia. It was reissued in revised and enlarged editions in 1820 and 1824. It is found out that while returning to Australia, Wentworth as a gifted orator and excellent journalist became the colony’s leading political figure of the 1820s and 1830s, calling for the abolition of convicts’ transportation and establishing representative government, freedom of the press and trial by jury. It is disclosed how he struggled for the Legislative Council (Parliament) and new Constitution in 1840s and 1850s; how he made primary education for all children in the colony a reality and did his utmost to open Sydney University. In sum: this great son of Australia accomplished everything he planned for his native land.
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Kirby, Michael. "Are We All Nominalists Now?" Deakin Law Review 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2004): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2004vol9no2art254.
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Justice Michael Kirby, a judge of the High Court of Australia, sets out to explain the inescapably creative role involved in the work of the court in giving meaning to ambiguous constitutional and statutory words and common law concepts. Uninformed commentators might call judges performing such functions as "nominalists". But few, if any, Australian judges now adhere to constitutional interpretation according to notions of original intent. A "functional" approach is taken. This approach is illustrated by reference to recent cases on the word "alien" and the phrase "trial by jury" in the Australian Constitution. According to the author this is not a weakness but a strength of constitutional elaboration. Judges and lawyers, being concerned about justice under law, are never "on automatic pilot".
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Beard, Frank H., Julie Leask, and Peter B. McIntyre. "No Jab, No Pay and vaccine refusal in Australia: the jury is out." Medical Journal of Australia 206, no. 9 (May 2017): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja16.00944.
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Jamrozik, Euzebiusz. "No Jab, No Pay and vaccine refusal in Australia: the jury is out." Medical Journal of Australia 207, no. 9 (November 2017): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja17.00479.
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Beard, Frank H., Julie Leask, and Peter B. McIntyre. "No Jab, No Pay and vaccine refusal in Australia: the jury is out." Medical Journal of Australia 207, no. 9 (November 2017): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja17.00566.
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Moretto, Nicole, Elizabeth Kendall, Jennifer Whitty, Joshua Byrnes, Andrew Hills, Louisa Gordon, Erika Turkstra, Paul Scuffham, and Tracy Comans. "Yes, The Government Should Tax Soft Drinks: Findings from a Citizens’ Jury in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2014): 2456–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110302456.
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Chirninov, Aldar. "Janus turns out to be one-faced: the judgment of the Russian Constitutional Court on the permissibility of examination of jurors in the light of foreign law." Sravnitel noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie 30, no. 2 (2021): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/1812-7126-2021-2-131-148.
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According to Article 56 of the Russian Code of Criminal Procedure, “a judge and a juror may not be examined as a witness about the circumstances of a criminal case which they have become aware of while participating in it”. The Russian Supreme Court has interpreted this rule as imposing a categorical prohibition to examine a juror even though the defense submits and tries to prove that jurors were not impartial due to the extraneous influence and unlawful threats that they confronted in a jury room. As a result, this approach, instead of ensuring the confidentiality of jury deliberations, has been rather used to preclude the discovery of procedural irregularities in reaching a verdict. In its judgment of 7 July 2020, the Russian Constitutional Court has softened this unreasonable restriction by ruling that jurors’ witness immunity is not absolute and appellate courts must use their testimony to establish facts relating to alleged attempts to place unlawful pressure on a jury by undermining the secrecy of jury deliberations. Based on a case file, including the petition that the author of this article drafted and filed to the Russian Constitutional Court, the article reconstructs the arguments invoked by the parties in the course of constitutional proceedings and assesses the approach taken by the Russian Constitutional Court to decide the case. In particular, the court has allowed examining jurors, but only with their consent. Having studied the experience of the countries where a jury system has been present for a long time, namely the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar, the author argues that a post-trial examination of jurors is a recognized way to ensure the right of a defendant to an impartial jury. Among other things, the foreign jurisdictions obligate a juror to inform a judge about attempts to unlawfully influence a jury, empowers a judge to determine if there are sufficient grounds for summoning jurors as witnesses, and sets standards of examination. However, none of these legal orders requires that a juror give consent for examination. Therefore, the article concludes that the integrity of jurors in Russia should be protected not by enabling them to testify before an appellate court at their discretion but by strengthening their legal immunity, which in turn will strike an optimal balance between competing constitutional values.
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Cordner, Stephen, and Noel Woodford. "In Australia the jury decides:the reliability and validity of expert evidence: a perspective from forensic pathology." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 52, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2020.1729414.
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Godulla, Alexander, Daniel Seibert, and Rosanna Planer. "Whose Pictures, Whose Reality? Lines of Tradition in the Development of Topics, Negativity, and Power in the Photojournalistic Competition World Press Photo." Journalism and Media 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 758–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2040045.
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Initially founded in 1955 as a platform for Dutch photojournalists to increase international exposure, the World Press Photo competition has grown into the most prestigious contest of photojournalism worldwide, making it an important arena for journalism research. Using qualitative and quantitative content analyses, this study examines all photos shown in the competitions from 1960 to 2020 (N = 11,789) considering the origin of jury members (N = 686), participants (N = 132,800), placements (N = 2347) and the Human Development Index (HDI) of the countries. The topics displayed on the photos, their degree of negativity, and potential power structures in the photos are analysed over time both in terms of continental and HDI-related differences. Significant results show that Africa, Asia, and South America are more frequently depicted by the topic conflict and characterised by negative images than continents with industrialised nations (Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America). Participating European countries have a significantly higher average number of jury members, participants, and placements than participating countries from Africa, Asia, and South America, which seems to account for a dominant Eurocentric view. Implications and critical discussions are summarized in three interim conclusions at the end of this extended paper.
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Mazinter, Luisa, Michael M. Goldman, and Jennifer Lindsey-Renton. "Cricket South Africa’s Protea Fire brand." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2016-0081.
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Subject area Marketing, Sports marketing and Social media marketing. Study level/applicability Graduate level. Case overview This case, based on field research and multiple secondary sources, documents the 12-month period since early 2014 during which Cricket South Africa (CSA) developed the Protea Fire brand for their national men’s cricket team, known as the Proteas. In mid-2014, Marc Jury, the Commercial and Marketing manager of CSA set up a project team to take the previously in-house Protea Fire brand public. With the 2015 Cricket World Cup in Australia and New Zealand less than a year away, Jury worked with a diverse project team of Proteas players, cricket brand managers and external consultants to build a public brand identity for the national team, to nurture greater fan affinity and to mobilize South Africans behind their team for the World Cup. The project team developed a range of Protea Fire multimedia content as the core of the campaign. These included video diaries, scripts which were written by the Proteas players themselves, player profile videos, motivational team-talk videos and good luck video messages featuring ordinary and famous South Africans. Having invested in creating this content, the project team faced the difficult task of allocating a limited media budget to broadcast and amplify the content. Another significant challenge was to ensure that the Proteas team values were authentically communicated across all content, including via the social media strategy using Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. As the World Cup tournament kicked off on February 14th 2015, South Africa was well placed to overcome their previous inability to reach a final, although Jury wondered whether another exit in the knockout round would weaken the strong and positive emotions the Protea Fire campaign had ignited. With the last two balls remaining in South Africa’s semi-final game against New Zealand on March 24th 2015, and the home team requiring just five runs to win, Jury joined 60 million South Africans hoping that Protea Fire was strong enough. The case concludes with South Africa losing the semi-final game and Jury turning his attention to how the #ProteaFire campaign should respond. Expected learning outcomes This study aimed to analyse the development of a sport team brand and a megaevent campaign; to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of a marketing campaign; and to consider appropriate brand responses to the team’s failure to deliver on expectations. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.
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Anaf, Julia, Fran Baum, and Matthew Fisher. "A citizens’ jury on regulation of McDonald's products and operations in Australia in response to a corporate health impact assessment." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 42, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12769.
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Chesterman, Michael. "OJ and the Dingo: How Media Publicity Relating to Criminal Cases Tried by Jury Is Dealt with in Australia and America." American Journal of Comparative Law 45, no. 1 (1997): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840961.
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Pettinato, Tammy R. "A Jury of Whose Peers? The Cultural Politics of Juries in Australia. Edited by Kate Auty and Sandy Toussaint. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press, 2004. Pp. ix, 174. ISBN 1-920694-17-X. US$35.00." International Journal of Legal Information 35, no. 1 (2007): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500002079.
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Jaric, Ljubica. "Contemporary skill migration in Australia." Stanovnistvo 39, no. 1-4 (2001): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0104157j.
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Immigration has always been a key of the Australian social and economic development. Australia administers separate Migration and Humanitarian Programs. The Migration Program has two streams: Family and Skill. The smaller Special Eligibility stream includes groups such as former Australian citizens and former residents who have maintained ties with Australia. The Skill stream of Australia's Migration Program is specifically designed to target migrants who have skills or outstanding abilities that will contribute to the Australian economy. The migration to Australia of people with qualifications and relevant work experience can help to address skill shortages in Australia and enhance the size, skill level and productivity of the Australian labour force. Skilled migrants were mainly employed in managerial, administrative, professional or paraprofessional occupations or as traders. Permanent movement represents the major element of net overseas migration. Australia has experienced not only permanent influx of skilled but longterm movement as an affect of globalisation of business, the creation of international labour and education markets and cheaper travel. The level of longterm movements is strongly influenced by both domestic and international conditions of development, particularly economic conditions. More Australians are going overseas to work and study and foreigners are coming to Australia in larger numbers for the same reasons. Skill migration in FRY is mostly correlated with the economic situation in the country. Skill stream from FRY to Australia has been significantly increased since 1990. In the Australian official statistics separate data for the FRY has been available since July 1998. Prior to July 1998. FRY component was substantial proportion of total Former Yugoslav Republics. Estimated Serbian skill stream is around 4500 people.
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Warner, Kate, Julia Davis, Caroline Spiranovic, Helen Cockburn, and Arie Freiberg. "Why sentence? Comparing the views of jurors, judges and the legislature on the purposes of sentencing in Victoria, Australia." Criminology & Criminal Justice 19, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895817738557.
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In recent times, parliaments have introduced legislation directing judges to take defined purposes into account when sentencing. At the same time, judges and politicians also acknowledge that sentencing should vindicate the values of the community. This article compares the views on the purposes of sentencing of three major participants in the criminal justice system: legislators who pass sentencing statutes, judges who impose and justify sentences and jurors who represent the community. A total of 987 Australian jurors in the Victorian Jury Sentencing Study (2013–2015) were asked to sentence the offender in their trial and to choose the purpose that best justified the sentence. The judges’ sentencing remarks were coded and the results were compared with the jurors’ surveys. The research shows that, in this jurisdiction, the views of the judges, the jurors and the legislators are not always well aligned. Judges relied on general deterrence much more than jurors and jurors selected incapacitation as the primary purpose in only about a fifth of ‘serious offender’ cases where parliament has provided that community protection must be the principal purpose.
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Hope, Cat, Nat Grant, Gabriella Smart, and Tristen Parr. "TOWARDS THE SUMMERS NIGHT: A MENTORING PROJECT FOR AUSTRALIAN COMPOSERS IDENTIFYING AS WOMEN." Tempo 74, no. 292 (March 6, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298219001177.
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AbstractThe Summers Night Project is an ongoing composer-mentoring programme established in 2018 by musicians Cat Hope and Gabriella Smart, with the support of the Perth-based new music organisation Tura New Music. The project aims to support and mentor emerging Australian female and gender minority composers to create new compositions for performance, with the aim of growing the gender diversity of composers in music programmes across Australia. Three composers were chosen from a national call for submissions, and works were performed by an ensemble consisting of members from the Decibel and Soundstream new music ensembles. Three new works were workshopped, recorded then performed on a short tour of Perth, Adelaide and Melbourne, Australia in July 2018. The project takes its name and inspiration from Australian feminist Anne Summers, author of the ground-breaking examination of women in Australia's history Damned Whores and God's Police (1975) and was inspired by her 2017 Women's Manifesto. This article examines the rationale for such a project, the processes and results of the project itself, and plans for its future.
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Downie, Jocelyn. "Permitting Voluntary Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Law Reform Pathways for Common Law Jurisdictions." QUT Law Review 16, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v16i1.613.
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<p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">End of life law and policy reform is the subject of much discussion around the world. This paper explores the pathways to permissive legal regimes that have been tried in various common law jurisdictions. These include legislation, prosecutorial charging guidelines, court challenges, jury nullification, the exercise of prosecutorial discretion in the absence of offence-specific charging guidelines, and the exercise of judicial discretion in sentencing. In this paper, I describe these pathways as taken (or attempted) in five common law jurisdictions (USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada) and reflect briefly on lessons that can be drawn from the recent experiences with law reform in Canada. Through its bird’s eye view, it highlights the remarkable number and variable nature of past attempts at law reform and suggests a shifting tide. It debunks some common myths that have either limited or stymied reform in the past. Finally, it illuminates jurisdictional similarities and differences and lessons learned by those who have gone before so as to inform choices about pathways to pursue for those who will seek to advance a law reform agenda in the future.</span></em></p>
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Lipovsky, Caroline. "Storytelling in legal settings." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.40.1.05lip.
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Abstract A number of linguistic studies on courtroom discourse deal with witness examinations, however counsels’ opening statements have been given relatively little attention. Drawing on the analysis of a Crown Prosecutor’s opening statement in a murder trial held at the Supreme Court of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and using the Systemic Functional Linguistics framework (Halliday 1994), this study highlights the ways in which the prosecutor constructs his narrative of the crime in his opening statement in order to persuade the jurors of his views. Specifically, the analysis highlights the ways in which the narrative is made persuasive through its specific rhetorical organization and over-specification of orientational information, as well as more credible through quotations from participants with personal experience in the related events. It also shows the ways in which the prosecutor seeks to engage the jurors through his use of second-person pronouns, as well as his differentiated use of the crime participants’ names. Finally, this study highlights the dialogic and heteroglossic characteristics of the adversarial legal process, in that it both refers to what was previously stated and tries to anticipate the response of the jury, whose voice comes as the last word through their verdict.
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Laughren, Pat. "Debating Australian Documentary Production Policy: Some Practitioner Perspectives." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900112.
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On 1 July 2008, Screen Australia commenced operation as the main Australian government agency supporting the screen production industry. This article considers some of the policy issues and challenges identified by the ‘community of practitioners’ as facing Australian documentary production at the time of the formation of that ‘super-agency’ from the merger of its three predecessor organisations — the Australian Film Commission, the Film Finance Corporation and Film Australia. The article proceeds by sketching the history of documentary production in Australia and identifying the bases of its financial and regulatory supports. It also surveys recent debate in the documentary sector and attempts to contextualise the themes of those discussions within the history of the Australian documentary.
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Hush, Noel S., and Leo Radom. "David Parker Craig AO FAA. 23 December 1919—1 July 2015." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 64 (August 30, 2017): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0017.
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David Craig was an outstanding Australian theoretical chemist whose academic life oscillated between Australia (University of Sydney and Australian National University (ANU)) and the UK (University College London). The Craig Building of the Research School of Chemistry of the ANU was named in his honour in 1995. He was President of the Australian Academy of Science from 1990 to 1994, and the Academy's David Craig Medal, which recognizes outstanding contributions to chemistry research, was inaugurated in his honour. His best-known research is in the fields of quantum theory and spectroscopy of aromatic molecules, molecular crystals, quantum electrodynamics and chirality.
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Hemming, Andrew. "When is a Code a Code?" Deakin Law Review 15, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2010vol15no1art117.
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<p>This paper will develop the proposition that criminal codes in Australia are misnamed because they fail the fundamental test for a code of comprehensively stating the criminal law in one statute. This contention applies to all codes from the Griffith Codes of Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory to the more recently minted Criminal Code 1995 (Cth). The reason for such failure is that all the codes are too sparsely written, and, due to inadequate definitional detail or statement of the appropriate tests to be applied, judges are required to have recourse to the common law to ‘fill in the blanks’ left by the code. It is here argued that a code needs to be structured with the objective of keeping statutory interpretation within the four corners of the code. Bland injunctions that recourse to the common law is permissible only when the meaning is uncertain or where a prior technical meaning existed are wholly inadequate.<br />The paper sets out a series of examples which cover both offences and defences (such as causation and provocation) and which are intended to demonstrate the appropriate level of detail required to meet the conventional definition of a true code without sacrificing clarity. These examples should be viewed as templates for use in a variety of contexts, supporting the proposition that clarity, not confusion, can result from more detailed drafting. Drafting of this kind, which is directed at incorporating the relevant tests that the legislature accepts as appropriate, reduces reliance on secondary material such as second reading speeches. Secondly, it firmly tilts the legislature-judiciary ‘partnership’ in favour of the legislature (as a true code should) leaving the judiciary to explain the tests to the jury rather than to select which tests are appropriate. In this way at least consistency within a code, rather than uniformity across codes, can be promoted.</p>
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Ivie, Stan D. "Learning Styles: Humpty Dumpty revisited." Articles 44, no. 2 (February 2, 2010): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039031ar.
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Abstract What is a learning style? No one seems to know for sure. The language used by learning style theorists is filled with ambiguities. Price (2004) maintains that “learning style is often used as a metaphor for considering the range of individual differences in learning” (p. 681). Is learning style merely a fanciful metaphor or is it the wave of the future? The research offers mixed results. “Effects on improved test scores with testing conditions matched to student style have been published, but,” Curry (1990) adds, “there are also studies showing no discernible effect attributable to learning style variation” (p. 54). How many distinct learning style models are there? The Coffield (2004) team identified 71 different learning style models, which they subdivided into 13 major and 58 minor models. One of the most popular learning style models comes from Rita and Kenneth Dunn. They have developed an eclectic model featuring 21 (23) different variables that influence a person’s learning style. These variables run all the way from light and temperature to whether the person is analytic or global in his or her thinking. Rita Dunn says about the movement: “I want to convert the world” (Kortland, 2007, p. 8). And well she may. The Dunns’ model is used in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, and a number of other countries. Is learning style a panacea or a placebo? The jury is still out on that question.
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McDonald, Peter. "International migration and employment growth in Australia, 2011–2016." Australian Population Studies 1, no. 1 (November 19, 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v1i1.8.
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Background: Immigration to Australia pre 1995 was largely low skilled. Recessions led to competition between low-skilled domestic workers and new immigrants and subsequent cuts in migration intakes. Historical changes in birth rates, increased participation in tertiary education, increasing numbers retiring and the relatively rapid restructuring of the skill level of labour demand combined to produce a skilled labour supply crisis in Australia from the mid-1990s. The permanent and temporary skilled migration policies established by the Australian Government from 1995 played an important role in meeting that labour demand, especially in the boom years of the first decade of the 21st century.
Aims: This paper examines the impact of immigration on employment in Australia subsequent to the global financial crisis (GFC) for the five-year period from July 2011 to July 2016.
Data and methods: Data for the paper are sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The paper uses survival methods to decompose the growth in employment in Australia in the five-year period from 2011 to 2016: (1) change in age and sex distribution in the absence of migration; (2) changes in employment participation rates by age and sex; (3) net migration by age and sex.
Results: Immigration in response to strong labour demand has continued post GFC. From July 2011 to July 2016, employment in Australia increased by 738,800. Immigrants accounted for 613,400 of the total increase, population growth 98,900 and changes in employment participation only 26,500. Migration has had a very large effect on the age structure of employment with most new immigrant workers (595,300) being under 55 years.
Conclusions: Research indicates that immigration provides major benefits to the Australian economy. However, as strong labour demand is likely to sustain migration at relatively high levels in coming years, it is incumbent upon governments to plan for the effects of rapid population growth on infrastructure and resources.
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Breed, William, John Hatch, Colin Rogers, William Brooker, Andrew Breed, Maria Marklund, Harry Roberts, and Martin Breed. "Bolivar Wastewater Treatment Plant provides an important habitat for South Australian ducks and waders." Australian Field Ornithology 37 (2020): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo37190199.
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The populations of South Australian duck and wader species have recently decreased considerably, but their abundance at Bolivar Wastewater Treatment Plant in metropolitan Adelaide is poorly known. To help assess the importance of this site for ducks and waders, we made 25 trips to Bolivar between December 2018 and July 2020, during most of which time south-eastern Australia was experiencing a long dry period. On each trip, we observed between 11 and 26 species of ducks and waders, with a mean total of 9804 (range 2437–15,653) individuals per trip. At times, we observed several thousand Pink-eared Ducks Malacorhynchus membranaceus, Grey Teal Anas gracilis, and Australian Shelducks Tadorna tadornoides, with occasionally up to 1200 Blue-billed Ducks Oxyura australis and 2000 Hardheads Aythya australis. Several wader species that largely breed in Australia’s semi-arid and arid zones were also observed, including occasionally >1000 Red-necked Avocets Recurvirostra novaehollandiae. Five species of waders that breed in the Northern Hemisphere were also recorded fairly regularly in the summer of both 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, including up to ~2000 Sharp-tailed Sandpipers Calidris acuminata, 2000 Red-necked Stints C. ruficollis and 150 Curlew Sandpipers C. ferruginea. These observations indicate that this wastewater treatment plant is a critically important refuge site for several species of ducks and waders. Every effort should thus be made to maintain this site for the conservation of these species in the future.
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Bleaney, Brebis. "Sir Mark (Marcus Laurence Elwin) Oliphant, A.C., K.B.E. 8 October 1901 – 14 July 2000." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 47 (January 2001): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2001.0022.
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Marcus Oliphant was a gifted physics student from the University of Adelaide who came to work with Rutherford in Cambridge for his doctorate. In 1937 he became Poynting Professor of Physics at the University of Birmingham, where he promoted the development of centimetre–wave research for radar and was active in connection with the atomic bomb. He returned to Australia in 1950 as Professor of the Physics of Ionized Gases in Canberra, but his efforts there to achieve a thermonuclear reaction were unsuccessful. He became the founding President of the Australian Academy of Sciences, received a knighthood in 1959 and was appointed Governor of Southern Australia in 1972.
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Shaughnessy, Peter D., Catherine M. Kemper, David Stemmer, and Jane McKenzie. "Records of vagrant fur seals (family Otariidae) in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 2 (2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13038.
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Two fur seal species breed on the southern coast of Australia: the Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and the New Zealand fur seal (A. forsteri). Two other species are vagrants: the subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis) and the Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella). We document records of vagrant fur seals in South Australia from 1982 to 2012 based primarily on records from the South Australian Museum. There were 86 subantarctic fur seals: 49 specimens and 37 sightings. Most (77%) were recorded from July to October and 83% of all records were juveniles. All but two specimens were collected between July and November. Sightings were prevalent during the same period, but there were also nine sightings during summer (December–February), several of healthy-looking adults. Notable concentrations were near Victor Harbor, on Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Likely sources of subantarctic fur seals seen in South Australia are Macquarie and Amsterdam Islands in the South Indian Ocean, ~2700 km south-east and 5200 km west of SA, respectively. There were two sightings of Antarctic fur seals, both of adults, on Kangaroo Island at New Zealand fur seal breeding colonies. Records of this species for continental Australia and nearby islands are infrequent.
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Lunney, Daniel. "Future dilemmas for argumentative conservation biologists." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 3 (2002): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020145.
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PACIFIC, meaning tending to make peace or conciliatory, is hardly a word that one associates with Harry Recher, the editor of Pacific Conservation Biology. Argumentative is far nearer the mark, and for good reason. He is tired, as he said forcefully to many friends in July this year, of the absolute futility of trying to get people and governments to wake up and change. At the time he uttered those words in July 2002 he had just returned from a trip to north-west Australia. Once you reach the cattle country, he said, it is clear that the intent of pastoralists is to convert the entire landscape into a vast paddock void of shrubs and other life forms bar introduced grass species and cattle. He also declared that what is happening to the Western Australian pastoral zone equals the destruction occurring in Queensland through land clearing. Thus in a few sentences Recher has put his finger on the central issues of environmental degradation in Australia as identified in both the Biodiversity State of the Environment Report 2001 (Williams et al. 2001) and the CSIRO Report Future Dilemmas: Options to 2050 for Australia's population, technology, resources and environment by Barney Foran and Franzi Poldy, which was launched by the Immigration Minister on 6 November 2002 (www.cse.csiro.au/futuredilemmas).
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Bobis, Janette. "International Update: a National Australian Statement on Mathematics." Arithmetic Teacher 40, no. 8 (April 1993): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.40.8.0486.
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A National Statement on Mathematics for Australian Schools (Australian Education Council and the Curriculum Corporation 1991) wa released in July 1991. This document is the result of a collaborative project whose recommendations are to be implemented by the State and Territory Government education systems in Australia. It does not prescribe a panicularcurriculum but supplies a framework around which system and schools in the proces of planning can structure their mathematic curriculum.
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Mulcock, Jane, and Natalie Lloyd. "Human-Animal Studies in Australia: Current Directions." Society & Animals 15, no. 1 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x169306.
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AbstractIn 2004, Natalie Lloyd and Jane Mulcock initiated the Australian Animals & Society Study Group, a network of social science, humanities and arts scholars that quickly grew to include more than 100 participants. In July 2005, about 50 participants attended the group's 4-day inaugural conference at the University of Western Australia, Perth. Papers in this issue emerged from the conference. They exemplify the Australian academy's work in the fields of History, Population Health, Sociology, Geography, and English and address strong themes: human-equine relationships; management of native and introduced animals; and relationships with other domestic, nonhuman animals—from cats and dogs to cattle. Human-Animal Studies is an expanding field in Australia. However, many scholars, due to funding and teaching concerns, focus their primary research in different domains. All authors in this issue—excepting one—are new scholars in their respective fields. The papers represent the diversity and innovation of recent Australian research on human-animal interactions. The authors look at both past and present, then anticipate future challenges in building an effective network to expand this field of study in Australia.
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Catanzariti, Joseph, and Simon Brown. "Major Tribunal Decisions in 2009." Journal of Industrial Relations 52, no. 3 (June 2010): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185610365628.
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The year 2009 has seen significant change in Australian industrial relations, in particular, the repeal of the Workplace Relations Act 1996 and its replacement with Labor’s Fair Work Act 2009. From 1 July 2009, a new industrial tribunal, Fair Work Australia, replaced the Australian Industrial Relations Commission. The decisions issued by Fair Work Australia (FWA) since 1 July 2009 have put the provisions of the Fair Work Act into practice and perspective. This article focuses on those decisions which have dealt with enterprise bargaining and the agreement-making process under the Fair Work Act. Those cases demonstrate that the new agreement-making process is procedurally complex, and that FWA lacks discretion to approve enterprise agreements notwithstanding some procedural irregularity. FWA’s lack of discretion in determining whether an enterprise agreement has been ‘genuinely agreed to’ is inconsistent with the discretion reposed in FWA in other matters, including in determining whether an applicant for a protected action ballot order has been ‘genuinely trying to reach an agreement’.
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Richardson, James K. "Percy Rollo Brett OBE (1923–2022)." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 10, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v10n3.628.
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Percy Rollo Brett OBE (11 November 1923 to 8 August 2022) was a highly respected head of the PMG/APO (later Telecom Australia/Telstra) Research Laboratories between 1964 and 1975. He was promoted to Head of Planning for Telecom Australia in July 1975, and then State Manager, Victoria for that organization in 1980–1983. Rollo’s achievements as Director of the Research Laboratories included building links with Australian universities to strengthen the Laboratories’ expertise in longer term research, and masterminding the Laboratories’ move from six different sites in central Melbourne to a single site, in purpose-designed buildings in Clayton, opposite Monash University’s main campus. In the early 1970s, he used the expertise he gained as Chairman of the Telecommunications and Electronics Standards Committee of the Standards Association of Australia to lead the Australian Post Office’s conversion of all its standards to metric. Upon retirement in 1983 he was awarded the OBE.
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Garratt, J. R., E. K. Webb, and S. McCarthy. "Charles Henry Brian Priestley. 8 July 1915 — 18 May 1998." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 57 (January 2011): 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2011.0015.
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Charles Henry Brian Priestley was born and educated in England. After completing the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge, he joined the Meteorological Office in 1939. For the next seven years he was engaged mostly in wartime work, including a two-year spell in Canada (1941–43) and three years with the Meteorological Office upper-air unit at Dunstable, UK (1943–46). In 1946, aged 31 years, he took up an Australian appointment with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (later to become the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)) to establish and develop a group to undertake research in meteorological physics. Thereafter he was based in Melbourne, Australia, with his career in the CSIRO extending to 1977. Priestley’s own early research focused on large-scale atmospheric systems, including substantial work on global-scale transport, and later on small-scale atmospheric convection and heat transfer, in which he established some significant results. He had a leading role in the development of the atmospheric sciences in Australia, and was strongly involved in international meteorology.
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Peach, Elizabeth, Chris Lemoh, Mark Stoove, Paul Agius, Carol El Hayek, Nasra Higgins, and Margaret Hellard. "Aiming for 90–90–90 – the importance of understanding the risk factors for HIV exposure and advanced HIV infection in migrant populations and other groups who do not report male-to-male sex." Sexual Health 15, no. 5 (2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17192.
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Background In Australia, new HIV diagnoses increasingly occur among people who do not report male-to-male sex. Among migrants, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection before migration. Similarly, among Australian-born people, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection in-country. There is a need to better understand the epidemiology of HIV in people who do not report male-to-male sex. Methods: Victorian public health surveillance data were used to classify migrants as having likely acquired HIV before or after arrival to Australia using a CD4 cell count decline method to estimate date of infection. Place of exposure for Australian-born people was estimated based on self-report. Factors associated with place of HIV acquisition, advanced infection and newly acquired infection were explored among migrants and among Australian-born people. Results: Between July 1996 and June 2014, there were 821 new non-MSM HIV diagnoses. Most (58%) were migrants, and of these, half (54%) were estimated to have acquired HIV before migration. Among Australian-born people, 27% reported exposure likely occurring abroad; the majority of these were men who reported exposure in South-East Asia. Advanced infection was common in migrants (45%) and Australian-born people (35%). Among migrants, birth in South-East Asia was associated with increased odds of advanced infection. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential vulnerability of migrants after arrival in Australia, especially those from South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and that of Australian-born men travelling to these regions. Public health practice must be strengthened to meet prevention needs of these populations in line with Australian policy.
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Dowling, Ross K. "Institute of Australian geographers annual conference, university of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, 29 June–3 July 1998." Tourism Geographies 1, no. 1 (February 1999): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616689908721302.
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Grose, Michael R., James S. Risbey, Aurel F. Moise, Stacey Osbrough, Craig Heady, Louise Wilson, and Tim Erwin. "Constraints on Southern Australian Rainfall Change Based on Atmospheric Circulation in CMIP5 Simulations." Journal of Climate 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0142.1.
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Atmospheric circulation change is likely to be the dominant driver of multidecadal rainfall trends in the midlatitudes with climate change this century. This study examines circulation features relevant to southern Australian rainfall in January and July and explores emergent constraints suggested by the intermodel spread and their impact on the resulting rainfall projection in the CMIP5 ensemble. The authors find relationships between models’ bias and projected change for four features in July, each with suggestions for constraining forced change. The features are the strength of the subtropical jet over Australia, the frequency of blocked days in eastern Australia, the longitude of the peak blocking frequency east of Australia, and the latitude of the storm track within the polar front branch of the split jet. Rejecting models where the bias suggests either the direction or magnitude of change in the features is implausible produces a constraint on the projected rainfall reduction for southern Australia. For RCP8.5 by the end of the century the constrained projections are for a reduction of at least 5% in July (with models showing increase or little change being rejected). Rejecting these models in the January projections, with the assumption the bias affects the entire simulation, leads to a rejection of wet and dry outliers.
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Taylor, Andrew, and Peter I. Macreadie. "Transforming Australia's approach to decommissioning research." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20074.
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In 2018, Australian oil and gas (O&G) operators committed funds to a collaborative approach to research to improve the evidence base for O&G decommissioning decisions. This followed an unsuccessful bid to establish a cooperative research centre for decommissioning. Modelled on the INSITE North Sea program, the National Decommissioning Research Initiative (NDRI) was established for an initial period of 3 years, until July 2022, with funding of $3.4 million. Research is focused on understanding the impact that full removal or in situ decommissioning may have on the marine environment. The program is supported by Woodside Energy, Santos Limited, BHP, Chevron Australia, ExxonMobil, Shell Australia and Vermilion Oil and Gas Australia and managed by National Energy Resources Australia. This study describes the establishment of the NDRI and expected future developments.
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Yang, Xingchuan, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yikun Yang, and Hao Fan. "Long-term multi-source data analysis about the characteristics of aerosol optical properties and types over Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 5 (March 15, 2021): 3803–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3803-2021.
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Abstract. The spatiotemporal distributions of aerosol optical properties and major aerosol types, along with the vertical distribution of major aerosol types over Australia, are investigated based on multi-year Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations at nine sites, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and back-trajectory analysis from the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT). During the observation period from 2001–2020, the annual aerosol optical depth (AOD) at most sites showed increasing trends (0.002–0.029 yr−1), except for that at three sites, Canberra, Jabiru, and Lake Argyle, which showed decreasing trends (−0.004 to −0.014 yr−1). In contrast, the annual Ångström exponent (AE) showed decreasing tendencies at most sites (−0.045 to −0.005 yr−1). The results showed strong seasonal variations in AOD, with high values in the austral spring and summer and relatively low values in the austral fall and winter, and weak seasonal variations in AE, with the highest mean values in the austral spring at most sites. Monthly average AOD increases from August to December or the following January and decreases during March–July. Spatially, the MODIS AOD showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, with high values appearing over the Australian tropical savanna regions, Lake Eyre Basin, and southeastern regions of Australia, while low values appeared over the arid regions in western Australia. MERRA-2 showed that carbonaceous aerosol over northern Australia, dust over central Australia, sulfate over densely populated northwestern and southeastern Australia, and sea salt over Australian coastal regions are the major types of atmospheric aerosols. The nine ground-based AERONET sites over Australia showed that the mixed type of aerosols (biomass burning and dust) is dominant in all seasons. Moreover, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) showed that polluted dust is the dominant aerosol type detected at heights 0.5–5 km over the Australian continent during all seasons. The results suggested that Australian aerosol has similar source characteristics due to the regional transport over Australia, especially for biomass burning and dust aerosols. However, the dust-prone characteristic of aerosol is more prominent over central Australia, while the biomass-burning-prone characteristic of aerosol is more prominent in northern Australia.
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Wood, Tamara, and Jane McAdam. "III. Australian Asylum Policy all at Sea: An analysis of Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship and the Australia–Malaysia Arrangement." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 61, no. 1 (January 2012): 274–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589311000662.
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On 25 July 2011, the governments of Australia and Malaysia announced that they had entered into an ‘Arrangement’ for the transfer of asylum seekers.1 Its stated aim was to deter asylum seekers from travelling by boat to Australia by providing that the next 800 asylum seekers to arrive unlawfully would be transferred to Malaysia in exchange for the resettlement of 4,000 UNHCR-approved refugees living there.2 The joint media release by the Australian Prime Minister and Minister for Immigration lauded it as a ‘groundbreaking arrangement’ that demonstrated ‘the resolve of Australia and Malaysia to break the people smugglers’ business model, stop them profiting from human misery, and stop people risking their lives at sea’.3 The success of the Arrangement relied on Malaysia being perceived as an inhospitable host country for asylum seekers, with the Australian Government emphasising that it provided ‘the best course of action to make sure that we sent the maximum message of deterrence’.4 The Government also made clear that those transferred to Malaysia would ‘go to the back of the [asylum] queue’.5
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Rojahn, Madeleine, and Erin Hawley. "The politics of animal rights activism: A frame analysis of the 2019 national direct action." Australian Journalism Review 43, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00080_7.
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This article analyses news coverage of the 2019 animal rights direct action in Australia. A combination of frame and discourse analysis was applied to 39 news texts published between 1 April 2019 and 25 July 2019 across three news outlets ‐ the ABC, Hobart’s Mercury and The Australian. Our analysis paid particular attention to the inclusion of sources, and we found that elite sources dominated the news coverage, resulting in a replication of the very power imbalance that the activists were struggling against. We also found that language choices resulted in the construction of the direct action as threatening, harmful and ‘un-Australian’. Our study shows that Australian news coverage of animal rights activism often marginalizes activist viewpoints, promoting a sense of division rather than diversity. While it is relatively easy for animal rights activists in Australia to gain mainstream news attention, these activists face powerful ideological barriers when attempting to raise awareness of their cause because the news media tends to obscure rather than open the pathway to a constructive public discussion on the issue of animal welfare.
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Morley, G. L., J. H. Matthews, I. Verpetinske, and G. A. Thom. "A Comparative Study Examining the Management of Bowen’s Disease in the United Kingdom and Australia." Dermatology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/421460.
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Background and Aim. The optimum management of Bowen’s Disease (BD) is undefined. A review of current practice is required to allow the development of best practice guidelines.Methods. All BD cases, diagnosed in one UK centre and one Australian centre over a year (1 July 2012–30 June 2013), were analysed retrospectively. Patients with BD were identified from histopathology reports and their medical records were analysed to collect demographic data, site of lesion, and treatment used.Results. The treatment of 155 lesions from the UK centre and 151 lesions from the Australian centre was analysed. At both centres BD was most frequently observed on the face: UK had 70 (45%) lesions and Australia had 83 (55%) lesions (P=0.08). The greatest number of lesions was managed by the plastic surgery department in the UK centre, 72 (46%), and the dermatology department in the Australian centre, 121 (80%). The most common therapy was surgical excision at both centres.Conclusions. In both UK and Australia, BD arises on sun-exposed sites and was most commonly treated with surgical excision despite a lack of robust evidence-based guidelines.
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HILLMAN, WENDY. "Grey Nomads travelling in Queensland, Australia: social and health needs." Ageing and Society 33, no. 4 (April 12, 2012): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12000116.
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ABSTRACTAt any time of the year, and particularly in the colder months of the southern part of the Australian continent, many caravans and mobile homes can be seen on the roads of northern Australia, and Queensland, in particular. Mainly during June, July, August and September, Grey Nomads frequent the northern half of Australia, to escape the colder climate of southern Australia. The term Grey Nomad is applied to the section of the older Australian population who use their retirement years as a time to experience travel once freed from the constraints of work and family commitments. This paper draws on research conducted about the health and social needs of Grey Nomads holidaying in a Central Queensland, Australia, coastal location. Open-ended, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 20 participants. Contingency plans concerning wellness, wellbeing and medical conditions all formed a part of the Grey Nomads’ daily existence while travelling. Many important and lasting friendships and social support networks were formed during the journeying and sojourning phases of the travel. Many of the Grey Nomads interviewed felt the need to keep in contact with home, even though they willingly chose to leave it, and to be ‘away’. Just as the Grey Nomad cohort have concerns and solutions about their health and related issues, so too, they have concerns for social networks and family connectedness while travelling in Australia.
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Ge, Xin Janet. "Did the Introduction of Carbon Tax in Australia Affect Housing Affordability?" Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.840.
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The Australian carbon pricing scheme (carbon tax) was introduced and became effective on 01 July 2012. The introduction of the carbon tax immediately increases the cost of electricity to a number of industries such as manufacturing and construction. Households were also affected as a result of these costs been passed through the supply chain of the affected industries. The carbon tax policy was introduced to addresses greenhouse emissions and energy consumption in Australia. However, the carbon tax policy may have introduced a number of economic risk factors to the Australian housing market, in particular the impact of housing affordability.
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Gunst, Andrew. "Carbon pollution (greenhouse gas) measurement and reporting." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09042.
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Carbon reporting and emissions trading in Australia—both of which, in 2007, seemed unlikely—came into effect with the implementation of mandatory data reporting from July 2008 (Australia) and January 2010 (USA); the onus lies with emitting corporations to determine whether they must report. At the time of writing it is also likely that Australia and the USA will join Europe in placing a price on carbon by 2013. The background to the Australian regulations will be explored in this paper, along with comparisons made to regulations in other jurisdictions, including the new reporting scheme in the USA. To date, much of the public discussion in these countries has centred on the financial aspects of a carbon tax or emissions trading scheme; however, significant challenges exist in identifying and quantifying the emissions that the financial community seeks to trade, and business community understanding of the details of greenhouse emissions is not strong. Case studies from the Australian oil and gas and related industries will be used to explain counter-intuitive aspects of greenhouse gas emissions and their regulation, and to illustrate challenges in emissions measurement and reporting.
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McAllister, Ian. "Australia: 11 July—Consolidating the Hawke Ascendancy." Government and Opposition 22, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1988.tb00066.x.
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ON 11 JULY 1987 THE AUSTRALIAN LABOR PARTY (ALP) WAS returned, with an increased majority, to an unprecedented third term in federal government. The election result was doubly remarkable. First, the ALP has traditionally been unable to gain more than two terms in office. Schisms and factional conflict have generally ruined Labor's chances of a third period in office, as in 1949, when Ben Chifley failed to gain a third term, and in 1975, when the same fate befell Gough Whitlam, following a constitutional crisis. Secondly, the party retained office during a period of economic crisis unprecedented in Australia's modern history, a crisis which might have been expected to sweep the opposition Liberal–National coalition to power.
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Brodie, Donald. "THE KIRKI INCIDENT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-201.
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ABSTRACT In the early hours of Sunday, July 21, 1991, the laden tanker Kirki was approaching the Australian coast in heavy weather when the bow section broke away from the main structure and sank. The vessel was on passage from the Middle East to Australia loaded with light crude oil. Fire was seen to break out forward, and the master transmitted a Mayday signal, which resulted in a successful rescue by the Australian authorities. At the time of the incident, the vessel was some 55 miles off the coast of Western Australia. The initial loss of oil and the threat of severe pollution of the coastline required the activation of the Australian National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil and its associated state and oil industry plans. This paper details the actions taken, addresses the lessons learned by the authorities and agencies involved, and lists the recommendations arising out of the actions taken to respond to the pollution aspects of the incident. It does not deal in detail with the distress and rescue details, but touches only on those areas that provide background to the subsequent pollution response.
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Purse, Kevin. "Workplace Health and Safety Deregulation in South Australia." Journal of Industrial Relations 41, no. 3 (September 1999): 468–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569904100307.
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In July 1998 the Soutb Australian goverment released a Discussion Paper concern ing the future of occupational bealth and safety regulation in South Australia. In examining the paradigm shift proposed in the Discussion Paper, this paper highlights the importance of workplace health and safety as public polig issues in Australia and seeks to locate the Discussion Paper within the broader context of deregulatory changes in the administration of occupational health and safety legislation that have occurred in South Australia in recent years. It identifies several fundamental flaws in the proposals put forward for change and suggests that the major problem with tbe regulation of occupational health and safety in South Australia is the failure to effectively administer the legislation. The paper also advances a number of proposals designed to achieve greater compliance with the legislation. It concludes that the major proposals contained in the Discussion Paper are unlikely to find widespread practical expression.