Dissertations / Theses: 'Jurors'

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Hussey, Heather Joan Catriona. "Potential jurors' perceptions of child witnesses." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0151.

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This thesis describes research about potential jurors' beliefs about children as witnesses. Jurors' knowledge of memory, suggestibility and child sexual abuse was collected and analysed. The aim was to identify strengths or weaknesses in jurors' knowledge to further inform discussion on whether experts should provide evidence to jurors about children's memory, suggestibility and behaviour, in cases which involve child witnesses. This research showed that jurors from both Australia and America had correct beliefs about some characteristics of child witnesses, however they also had incorrect beliefs. The main areas where both Australian and American jurors' beliefs were incorrect was in the suggestibility and interrogation category, and the memory and ability to testify category; however both had some incorrect beliefs with respect to reactions to sexual abuse and disclosure about sexual abuse categories. These findings support the proposition that expert evidence would be beneficial in improving jurors' knowledge of child witnesses, particularly in the areas of children's suggestibility and responses to interrogation. Jurors' assessment of children's testimony is fundamental in some criminal cases, and therefore information obtained in this study has implications for any case where a child witness testifies.

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Kutys, Jennifer M. "Juror Decision Making: The Impact of Attractiveness and Socioeconomic Status on Criminal Sentencing and an Examination of Motivated Reasoning in Mock Jurors." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1340655235.

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DeFranco, Rachel. "Witness Uncertainty and Its Effect on Jurors' Decisions." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1355082776.

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Camilletti, Catherine Rieman. "Attorneys' and jurors' perceptions of juvenile offenders' culpability." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Hayes-Smith, Rebecca. "The CSI Effect jurors' perceptions and trial decisions /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024794.

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McDonald, Emily. "Understanding How Jurors Award Civil Damages: A Test of Affect Control Theory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4588/.

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This dissertation examines predictors of juror-determined damage awards among 377 juror eligible mock jurors. Citizens reporting for jury duty in a large metropolitan county on five days when the study was conducted were invited to participate. Scenarios were created that varied both case facts and witness emotion during trial testimony. Results indicate that Affect Control Theory can be applied to the situation of juror-determined damage awards and is helpful in scientifically explaining some of the variation of both compensatory and punitive damage awards.

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Trahan, Adam. "Don't shoot the messenger capital jurors' perceptions of attorneys /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380134.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Criminal Justice, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 14, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4866. Adviser: Marla R. Sandys.

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Parisi, Jeanine M. "Quantifying the effects of pretrial publicity on jurors' judgments." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1178345.

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The present study explored two main questions: Can jurors disregard pretrial publicity? And if jurors cannot disregard pretrial publicity, to what extent does it affect juror decision making? Participants (49 male and 71 female) listened to an audiotaped trial and were assigned to one of four conditions: They were either exposed to the critical evidence as PTP (PTP condition), as an admissible videotape (Video condition), as descriptive testimony given by a witness (Discussion condition), or they were not exposed to the critical evidence (Control condition). After hearing the audiotaped trial, participants were then asked to render a verdict in the case (guilty v. not guilty) on three different charges, rate their confidence in their verdicts, rate the probability of the defendant's guilt on each charge, make sentence recommendations, rate their confidence in their sentence recommendations, and report their attitudes about the defendant's character. Verdicts, sentence recommendations, and confidence judgments were not affected by pretrial publicity. However, results suggested that pretrial publicity may have an impact when judging the defendant's personality characteristics.
Department of Psychological Science

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Sicafuse, Lorie L. "Mock Jurors' Attributions and Attributional Processes in a Medical Malpractice Case| Examining the Influence of Plaintiff Weight, Juror Characteristics, and Deliberations." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3707907.

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Research suggests that most Americans harbor weight-related prejudices, which can translate into discrimination against the obese across a variety of contexts. Yet, little is known about how anti-fat bias may influence juror decisions in cases involving an obese trial participant. This study examined the main and interactive effects of plaintiff weight, deliberations, and individual differences on jurors’ decisions in a medical malpractice case. The Culpable Control Model (CCM) was used to ground the research and to help illuminate the attributional processes underlying mock jurors’ decisions.

College student mock jurors were presented with a photograph of either a normal weight or obese plaintiff and assigned to non-deliberating or deliberating conditions. After reading the case summary, non-deliberating jurors rendered case judgments independently and responded to a series of items designed to measure attributional processes in accordance with the CCM. Deliberating jurors also reviewed the case summary independently but then discussed the case in small groups; each group rendered case judgments as a jury. Following deliberations, jury group members were instructed to provide independent, “individual level” responses to the same series of items completed by the non-deliberating jurors. Several individual differences were assessed in the total sample, including belief in a just world (BJW), belief in the protestant work ethic (BPWE), and anti-fat attitudes (AFAs).

Results revealed no main effects of plaintiff weight on case-related judgments or on any of the measures of attributional processes. However, deliberations and several individual difference variables moderated the effects of plaintiff weight on the dependent variables. Contrary to expectations, deliberations appeared to exacerbate rather than attenuate the effects of anti-fat bias on jurors’ decisions. Compared to non-deliberating jurors, deliberating jurors were more likely to find the obese plaintiff responsible for the negative medical outcome and awarded fewer non-economic damages to the obese plaintiff. Numerous individual differences variables moderated the effects of plaintiff weight on the dependent variables, but BJW was the strongest, most consistent moderator. As expected, those with stronger just world beliefs were less likely to find the defendant liable and were overall more punitive toward the obese plaintiff than those with weaker beliefs. Analyses further indicated that jurors’ attributional processes were consistent with those proposed by the CCM, such that their initial reactions to the case and the plaintiff and defendant influenced their interpretation of attributional information and criteria, which in turn influenced their case decisions. Significant findings not directly tied to formally advanced hypotheses also emerged. Overall, deliberating jurors were more lenient toward the defendant than non-deliberating jurors. In addition, analyses revealed several main effects of individual difference variables on case judgments and attributional processes.

This research is limited in terms of verisimilitude and generalizability; yet, it also yields many significant findings that have thus far been undocumented in published studies. Both the contributions and limitations of this study illuminate exciting directions for future research. In particular, more research is needed to clarify how anti-fat bias may affect jurors’ in particular circumstances, how civil jurors’ decisions may be impacted by deliberations and individual differences more generally, and how the CCM can best be used to help understand decision-making in applied contexts.

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Mills, Kelly. "The gay panic defense and moral disengagement in mock jurors." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10109746.

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The purpose of this study was to examine moral disengagement strategies, such as dehumanization, responsibility displacement, and victim blame, in mock juror decision making in a case involving the gay panic defense. Mock jurors with high levels of moral disengagement were expected to find the defendant guilty of the lesser charge of manslaughter more often than mock jurors with low levels of moral disengagement. Mock jurors read one of two vignettes that outlined a murder case in which the defendant claimed he was provoked either by an unwanted homosexual advanced from the victim, or an attempted robbery and assault by the victim. They were then asked choose between the charges of manslaughter and murder for the defendant. It was hypothesized that the defendant using the gay panic defense would receive more findings of manslaughter than the defendant in the robbery and assault vignette. This hypothesis was not supported, as the defendant in the robbery and assault vignette received more verdicts finding him guilty of manslaughter than the defendant in the gay panic vignette. However, 57% of mock jurors still supported the use of the gay panic defense. Moral disengagement did not have a significant effect on mock juror decision making in either vignette. Mock jurors with high levels of victim blame found the defendant guilty of manslaughter more often than those with low levels of victim blame. Limitations of this study and implications for society and the legal system are discussed, and future directions for research are offered.

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Vander, Veen Sarah. "Mock jurors' attitudes toward aboriginal defendants: a symbolic racism approach /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2688.

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Kleinstuber, Ross. "The effects of religious affiliation on capital jurors' punitive beliefs and dispositions towards punishment." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 42 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338880841&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Burke, Tara Michele. "The impact of pretrial publicity on jurors, are there posttrial effects?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41410.pdf.

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Cordero, Ashley. "The Effect Of Evidence Regarding Juvenile Competency On Jurors' Subsequent Verdicts." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3709709.

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Historically, juveniles have been viewed by society as less mature and less blameworthy than adults (Scott & Grisso, 1997). Since its inception, the juvenile justice system has taken on a parenting role for juveniles and has attempted to rehabilitate juvenile offenders instead of punishing them. However, during the 1980s and 1990s, as a result of a perceived increase in violent juvenile offending, American society began to treat juveniles as adults based on the severity of their crimes (Grisso, 1997). The current study examined whether evidence regarding a juvenile’s competence to stand trial and crime committed have an effect on potential jurors’ verdicts of guilty or not guilty. This study also examined the participants’ perceptions of a juvenile’s level of responsibility based on evidence regarding competency and crime outcome. Participants consisted of members of the general public who were jury-eligible. Participants received one of four randomly assigned vignettes varying only by competency to stand trial (not mentioned, incompetent and restored, or competent) and outcome of crime (death or serious injury). After reading a given vignette, participants were asked whether they would find the juvenile guilty or not guilty. They were also asked to rate the juvenile’s level of responsibility on a scale of 1 (not at all responsible) to 5 (very responsible). This study found that a juvenile’s competence to stand trial and the results of the crime committed (injury versus death) have no effect on potential jurors’ verdicts of guilty or not guilty. The results did suggest that the participants’ perceptions of a juvenile’s level of responsibility based on evidence impacts a verdict of guilty versus not guilty. Further, a competent juvenile who was found guilty of an offense resulting in death was found highly responsible for the act. In contrast, a juvenile who was not competent and was found not guilty of an offense resulting in death was perceived to be less responsible.

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Ammar, Farah N. "The "CSI effect" on jurors, criminals and the American court system." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1057.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

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Blackwell, Young Julie Anne. "Factors affecting the performance of witnesses and jurors in the courtroom." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273941.

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Curley, Lee John. "Is the jury still out? : the decision making processes of jurors." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1254168.

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The current thesis aimed to identify the process through which jurors reach their decisions, and to investigate the factors that may make the trial by jury process unfair for the individuals involved in criminal trials (i.e., the defendant, the prosecution and the defence). An initial literature review highlighted that two separate threshold models may be able to explain the processes (i.e., both rational and intuitive) through which jurors reach their decisions: 1) the Diffusion Threshold Model and 2) the Counter Threshold Model. The first study investigated which model of juror decision making was appropriate. In this quasi-experiment, 60 participants took part, and made verdicts (of Guilty, Not Guilty and Not Proven) over nine vignettes. Participants were asked to rate the evidence as either Guilty, Not Guilty or Not Proven, and to state how likely (from 1-100) they thought it was that the defendant was guilty. After all the evidence had been presented, participants were asked to give a verdict. Then, participants were asked to state the last piece of evidence they needed to reach said verdict (symbolising the threshold). The results suggested that the Diffusion Threshold Model best explained the decision processes of jurors. The second study investigated if the reaching of a threshold caused confirmation bias and/or evidence distortion to occur, and if information interaction allowed said threshold to be reached. Each of the 108 participants listened to one vignette, which contained an opening statement, eight pieces of evidence (four prosecution and four defence) and two closing statements (one prosecution and one defence). Participants were asked to state their perceived likelihood of guilt in regard to the defendant after each piece of evidence. After all the evidence had been presented, participants were asked to give a verdict and to state the last piece of evidence they needed to give said verdict (symbolising the threshold). The results showed that information integration occurred throughout a trial, but the reaching of a threshold promoted confirmation bias. The third study looked to investigate potential factors that may have an impact on juror perceptions of guilt and the verdicts given by jurors. In this study, 128 participants listened to two vignettes. The vignettes were manipulated, and counterbalanced, for both the anchor (strong versus weak initial piece of evidence) and number of verdicts available (two-verdicts were available or three-verdicts were available with the additional Not Proven verdict) factors. Participants also completed the Pre-trial juror bias questionnaire (PJAQ), which allowed participants to be categorised according to their bias. The results highlighted that pre-trial biases did have an impact on the belief of guilt given, and that jurors in a three-verdict system were less likely to give a Not Guilty verdict in comparison to jurors in a two-verdict system. The findings in the current thesis have suggested that the Diffusion Threshold Model can adequately explain the process through which jurors reach their decisions, that individuals integrate information until they reach an appropriate threshold, that the reaching of a threshold can promote confirmation bias, and that extra-legal factors, such as pre-trial biases, can have an impact on juror perceptions of guilt. The results also highlighted that certain factors (i.e., thresholds that promote confirmation bias) may make the trial by jury process unfair for individuals (i.e., the defendant) who are involved in a criminal trial.

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Moore, William H. (William Harold) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Effects of nullification instruction and testimony type on mock jurors' decisions." Ottawa, 1995.

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Davis, John Patrick. "When jurors ignore the law and the evidence to do justice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9031.

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Albertson, Stephanie Lynn Miller. "The influence of jurors' race on perceptions of complex scientific evidence." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 189 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885755771&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Adrian, Robin Leslie. "Trust in courtroom participants: A question of bias in prospective jurors." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/814.

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Ranieri, Andrea. "The effects of sports team allegiance on jurors' perceptions of a defendant." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/606.

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This study examined the relationship between levels of sports team identification and sentence leniency. It was hypothesized that sharing the same sports team affiliation with the defendant would create bias in the form of juror leniency, and that highly identified fans would show more bias than lower identified fans. A case description of a hit and run accident, in which the defendant was described as a Tampa Bay Buccaneers fan, was read by 220 participants. Results showed a significant difference in recommended sentence length and levels of sympathy between the three groups (High Identity, Low Identity, & No Identity). However, contrary to the original hypothesis, participants who were highly identified with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers recommended a significantly longer sentence for the defendant and were less sympathetic than participants who had lower identification to the Buccaneers and those who had no Buccaneer identification. This paper discusses the relation of this finding with the Reverse Attractive Leniency Effect, as well as the Same-Sex Penalty Effect.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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Nelson, Sally. "Directing jurors in England and Wales : the effect of narrativisation on comprehension." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56293/.

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This thesis reports the first empirical study to specifically measure and attempt to improve the comprehensibility of jury instructions in England and Wales. While a wealth of research has established that the majority of American jurors substantially misunderstand the crucial legal instructions they are given by the judge at the end of a trial, to date there has not been any comparable rigorous testing of jury instructions in England and Wales and we do not have a clear picture of how well they are understood. It is unwise to extrapolate the findings from American jury trials because the instruction methods are very different: in the English summing-up, English judges not only instruct the jury on the law but also review the evidence, and judges may, if they wish, both integrate their legal instructions with the specific evidence in the case and 'narrativise' the language of their instructions. 102 mock jurors drawn from the community were tested for their ability to recognise, recall and apply eleven legal instructions given in a summing up at the end of a rape trial simulation. They were randomly assigned to receive one of three summings up, which systematically differed in their degree of narrativisation: one based on model instructions published by the Judicial Studies Board; a second that integrated evidence from the case into the instructions; and a third that further narrativised the integrated instructions by applyign discourse features previously hypothesised as having a narrativising function. The thesis, then examines both the comprehensibility of legal instructions within the English summing up and the effect on comprehension of narrativising those intructions. A highly persuasive pattern of results occurred: increasing levels of narrativisation increased juorors' understanding of the instructions, and specifically aided jurors' ability to apply the law to the evidence in the case. Discussing the results in terms of Accommodation Theory and the Cognitive Story Model, the thesis concludes that a judge may better guide jurors through the categories of the law by accommodating the narrative approach that jurors bring to their role.

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Stoots-Fonberg, Chasity Anne. "Misguided Instructions: Do Jurors Accurately Understand the Law in Death Penalty Trials?" [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0220103-232646/unrestricted/Stoots-FondbergC040303f.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0220103-232646. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

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Blanchard, David K. "The effects of negligence and causation information on jurors' determination of liability." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4199.

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This study investigated the effect of arguments for and against defendant's behavior being negligent and for and against defendant's behavior being a cause of damages to the plaintiff. The findings were (a) that negligence arguments affected negligence ratings, causation ratings, and verdicts and (b) that causation arguments affected none of the measures.

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Sheppard, Colleen E. "Victim impact statements and perceived victim race/ethnicity effects of juror background characteristics /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3237.

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Thesis (M.A,)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 107. Thesis director: Jon B. Gould. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Justice, Law and Crime Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-106). Also issued in print.

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Raacke, John David. "Improving use of statistical information by jurors by reducing confusion of the inverse." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/112.

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Adams, Christine M. Shea. "The Death Penalty Attitudes Scale can capital trial jurors be chosen more fairly? /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338887131&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Cunningham, Lori Ann. "Jurors' evaluations of the effect of clothing on the credibility of female attorneys." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063600/.

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Heinsohn, Brian D. "Effects of pleading the fifth amendment on juridic decisions." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045623.

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This study examined the effects that a defendant's pleading of the fifth amendment during a criminal trial had on simulated juror's decisions regarding verdict, likelihood of guilt, certainty of guilt, sentence severity, and perceptions of the defendant's character. One hundred fifty-five undergraduate psychology students read one of three versions of a transcript, based on a trial of a man charged with theft, in which the defendant did not plead the fifth (control), plead the fifth, or plead the fifth possibly for reasons other than hiding involvement in the crime (i.e. having an affair). Results showed that the two fifth amendment conditions found the defendant to be more likely guilty than the control condition. Also, a factor analysis suggested that an honest and a relaxed dimension best described the defendant's character. In addition, it was discovered that perceptions of the defendant's honesty mediated the effects of perceived likelihood of guilt.
Department of Psychological Science

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Casteel, Richard C. "Quantifying participation while examining situational and personality variables in a jury deliberation /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-1/casteelr/richardcasteel.html.

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Schmersal, Larissa Angelique. "Pre-existing attitides about the legal system the thirteenth juror? /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Higgins, Jededia. "Effects of Cinema on Juror Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5563.

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Previous research has demonstrated how different forms of media, such as news, television, and music, can affect an individual's perceptions and attitudes. However, little research exists on how these effects may have an impact in the courtroom beyond pre-trial publicity. This could pose a threat to the constitutional right of a fair trial; and understanding this threat may be vital to impartiality in the trial process. Using cultivation theory and the CSI effect as a theoretical basis, this study examined how attitudes toward, and perceptions about, mock trial vignettes were affected by exposure to entertainment media in the form of film. A posttest only, randomized experimental design was employed. One-hundred-fifty-nine participants were recruited through social media based on their eligibility for jury duty and were then exposed to (a) a film about crime, (b) a neutral film about the human body, or (c) no film and then presented with 3 criminal trial scenarios and asked to rate their perceptions about the defendant, the severity of the crime, and the defendant's guilt. The vignettes produced 3 separate scores for each participant and the resulting data were analyzed using 3 separate one-way ANOVAs. Results of the study failed to show significant effects. This study may assist future researchers investigating this phenomenon by providing insight into the dimensional limitations of this phenomenon. For the everyday media consumer, this research contributes to the body of knowledge that helps to keep people informed of the many ways media can influence an individual's perceptions, attitudes, and ultimately, their decisions, which is vital to reducing the impact of biases created by an uncontrolled flow of selective, and at times inaccurate, information.

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Warner, Todd C. "The impact of trivial details and interrogation pressure on jurors' evaluations of retracted confessions." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1365526.

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The present study examined jurors' evaluations of retracted confessions as a function of the amount of trivial detail within the confession and level of interrogation pressure. Participants in the experimental conditions read a transcript of a murder trial involving a suspect who confessed in a high-pressure or low-pressure situation and provided either a high or low amount of detail. A no-confession control version, in which the suspect denied all allegations against him, was also included in the study. Although one analysis suggested that a high-amount of detail within the confession might make it more likely that jurors would give higher estimates of guilt, it did not lead jurors to give more guilty verdicts. In contrast to previous findings, the presence of a confession did not make it more likely that a juror would render a guilty verdict or give higher estimates of guilt, as no difference was found between the experimental groups and the control group.
Department of Psychological Science

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Bransgrove, Jennifer. "The influence of expert testimony on potential jurors' perceptions of young children's testimonial credibility /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17042.pdf.

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Danielsen, Erin Michelle. "Predicting jurors' decisions : the effects of repeated expression and forewarning in civil voir dire." FIU Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2713.

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To help lawyers uncover jurors’ attitudes and predict verdict, litigation experts recommend that attorneys encourage jurors to repeatedly express their attitudes during voir dire. While social cognitive literature has established that repeated expression of attitudes increases accessibility and behavior predictability, the persuasive twist on the method exercised in trials deserves empirical investigation. Only one study has examined the use of repeated expression within a legal context with the results finding that the tactic increased accessibility, but did not influence the attitude verdict relationship. This dissertation reexamines the ability of civil attitudes to predict verdict in a civil trial and investigates the use of repeated expression as a persuasive tactic utilized by both parties (Plaintiff and Defense) within a civil voir dire in an attempt to increase attitudinal strength, via accessibility, and change attitudes to better predict verdict. This project also explores potential moderators, repetition by the opposing party and the use o f a forewarning, to determine their ability to counter the effects of repeated expression on attitudes and verdict.

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Martire, Kristy Anne Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Helping jurors to evaluate eyewitness identifications: the role of expert evidence and judicial instruction." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40801.

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Psychologists, legal practitioners and scholars share the knowledge that honest eyewitnesses can err in their attempts to identify the perpetrator of a crime. This thesis reports an experimental investigation of the extent to which expert evidence and judicial instruction can improve juror ability to discriminate between accurate and inaccurate identifications. Special attention is also paid to the logic of inferences which have been made by psychologists regarding the efficacy of expert evidence, and compares methodologies adopting direct measures of participant Sensitivity to Eyewitness Accuracy (SEA) with those that can only indirectly assess this construct. Study 1 surveys the knowledge and opinions of legal professionals regarding eyewitness identification issues (n = 35), showing that respondents expressed doubts that judicial instructions would exert an effect equivalent to that of eyewitness expert evidence. Accordingly, Experiments 1 to 4 (Experiment 1, n = 104; Experiment 2, n = 238; Experiment 3, n = 228; Experiment 4, n = 297) were conducted to directly assess the relative impacts of judicial instruction and expert evidence on participant juror SEA. The methodology utilised in these investigations incorporated the testimony of real eyewitnesses to a staged crime scenario in order to assess the impact of instruction on juror ability to discriminate between known accurate and known inaccurate eyewitnesses. Overall, little evidence was found to support the notion that expert evidence is more effective than judicial instruction, as no significant association was identified between instruction type and SEA. This result was found to hold irrespective of the objective quality of the expert?s testimony (accurate or erroneous). In light of the results from Experiments 1 to 4, Experiment 5 was designed to investigate why the experts were not able to improve the discrimination accuracy of the jurors. This study focused on the extent to which participants of varying levels of expertise could correctly classify eyewitness accuracy. The results of Experiment 5 (n = 145) suggest that experts were no better able to discriminate between accurate and inaccurate eyewitnesses than novice laypeople. Overall, the evidence reported in this thesis raises serious questions regarding the utility of eyewitness expertise in the completion of eyewitness discrimination tasks.

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Drescher, L. Hailey. "Connecting the Circuit: Analyzing Jurors' Cognitive Gaps and Damage Awards in Patent Infringement Trials." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271808/.

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Patent litigation is notorious for the technicality of evidence and the rhetoric of experts. Citizens selected to serve on the jury have no specialized training and have rarely been exposed to the technology or the patent process. This study provides insight into the field of jury decision-making in complex patent cases by analyzing the cognitive gaps and the tactics used by jurors to minimize them. Additionally, the study examines the justifications for the damage awards jurors provide. This analysis focused on jurors engaged in mock trial patent deliberations. The story model and sensemaking theory serve as the theoretical framework of this research and provide a structure for support and a lens for analysis. The results indicate that jurors rely on three distinct and dichotomous topologies when navigating cognitive gaps. Searching for answers either individually or as a group, relying on lists or stories, and turning to facts or emotions, jurors navigate through their uncertainty. Through the line-by-line analysis of mock jury transcriptions, three continuums regarding damage justifications emerged. Jury members found themselves navigating uncertainty versus certainty, rationality versus irrationality, and facts versus emotions. The theoretical implications broaden the story model to include cognitive gaps in all phases and increase the model's efficacy in patent litigation through the addition of a fourth phase. This study also confirms and enhances the use of sensemaking to describe the jury decision-making process. The results of this study should be applied practically to the field of patent litigation. Results should be used to create a user-friendly environment where the high stakes of litigation demand increased juror understanding and are critical to justice.

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Groebe, Matthew Elliot. "Behavioral mimicry in the courtroom: Predicting jurors' verdict preference from nonconscious mimicry of attorneys." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1384364661.

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Kopacki, Christopher. "EXAMINING THE CSI EFFECT AND THE INFLUENCE OF FORENSIC CRIME TELEVISION ON FUTURE JURORS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3178.

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This dissertation examines the relationship exposure to forensic crime television has on a potential juror’s willingness to find a suspect guilty when presented with a case involving only circumstantial and eyewitness evidence. This study also looks at a potential juror’s expectation of forensic evidence being presented at trial based upon this exposure. To better understand these relationships, the study utilized social constructionism as the theoretical framework. To collect data, an original survey instrument that included either a violent or non-violent crime scenario was developed. Reponses from 1572 undergraduate students were analyzed to better understand what might influence their willingness to find a suspect guilty and their expectation of forensic evidence being presented at trial. The results indicate that viewership of forensic crime television does not significantly influence a potential juror’s decision to find a suspect guilty or not guilty. After controlling for viewership, it appears that the number of justice-based classes completed by the potential juror does influence their decision to find the suspect guilty. The analysis also shows that gender and the type of scenario (violent versus non-violent) may influence a juror’s willingness to find a suspect guilty. It does not appear that there is a correlation between a juror’s willingness to find a suspect guilty and their expectation of forensic evidence being presented at trial.

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Singer, Julie A. "Jurors' emotional reactions to juvenile and adult crime the impact on attributions and sentencing /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3307579.

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Binder, Dana M. "The relationship between need for cognition, argument strength, and the persuasiveness of courtroom technology." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1225129721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Denver, Megan. "Are capital jurors willing to serve again? investigating race and perceptions of procedural fairness in the deliberation room /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 55 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885480891&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Kaufman, Ilana A. "Jury nullification and racism, the effect of nullification instructions and racial prejudice on jurors' verdicts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30947.pdf.

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Weeks, Stephanie Wright. "Mock Jurors' Ratings of Mitigating Value in Capital Mitigation: Role of Impairment and Defendant Effort." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20020402-151255.

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Applying attribution theory to capital sentencing decisions, it was hypothesized that temporal location of mitigation (suggesting defendant impairment) and level of defendant effort would affect mock jurors' ratings of mitigating value and subsequent life v. death votes. This was tested experimentally in a 2 (type of mitigation: proximal v. remote-chronic) x 2 (defendant effort: high v. low) design with 240 university psychology students. Two sentencing scenarios were nested within each level of type of mitigation. Thus, participants received one of eight sentencing scenarios. Participants rated the evidence on a variety of dimensions, including perceived defendant impairment, effort and responsibility. They also assigned mitigating value to the circumstances presented in the scenarios and indicated a final penalty vote (life in prison or death). Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that outcomes were affected by whether the mitigation had a recent or distant onset, but they were not affected by the level of defendant effort. The mitigating value rating was a significant predictor of the vote for life, as more mitigating value was associated with an increased likelihood of voting for life. Supplementary analyses indicated that perceived impairment was a significant mediator of the relationship between mitigating value and the vote for life. When controlling for perceptions of impairment, the predictive power of mitigating value was diminished. These results support previous qualitative and exploratory experimental research concerning the efficacy of capital mitigation.

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Fletcher, Bevan J. "The effects of defendant physical attractiveness upon the sentencing of mock jurors differing in authoritarianism /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SSPS/09sspsf612.pdf.

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Evans, Jacqueline. "Jurors' evaluations of victim and bystander eyewitness identification reliability across different crimes and intoxication levels." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3157.

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Cotrone, Erin Elizabeth. "The Guilty But Mentally Ill Verdict: Assessing the Impact of Informing Jurors of Verdict Consequences." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6486.

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In response to public opposition to the insanity defense, the Guilty But Mentally Ill(GBMI) verdict was enacted with the intention of limiting the number of insanity acquittals and alleviating the public’s concerns. Prior research suggests, however, that many jurors are making verdict decisions with limited knowledge of the dispositional consequences of the GBMI and NGRI verdicts. Further, jurors may erroneously assume that the GBMI verdict is a compromise between a NGRI and guilty verdict, which mitigates punishment. In reality, the dispositional consequences of a GBMI verdict are equivalent to or more restrictive than a guilty verdict. The current study examined the impact of informing jurors of the dispositional consequences of the GBMI and NGRI verdicts. In addition, it explores whether mock jurors’ attitudes toward the insanity defense, individuals with mental illness, and perceptions of the defendant’s dangerousness strengthens or attenuates the impact of informing mock jurors of dispositional consequences. Participants (N = 488) read a case summary of an apparently mentally ill male defendant charged with first-degree murder. Half of the participants were informed of the dispositional consequences of GBMI and NGRI verdicts, while the other half of participants received no such information. Then, they were asked to choose individual verdicts and complete a questionnaire that assessed attitudes toward the insanity defense, attitudes toward individuals with mental illness, and perceptions of the defendant’s dangerousness. Results indicate that informing participants of dispositional consequences of the GBMI and NGRI verdicts increases the likelihood that the NGRI verdict is selected over the GBMI verdict. In addition, participants who had more favorable attitudes toward the insanity defense and perceived the defendant as less dangerous selected the NGRI verdict over the GBMI verdict at an even higher rate when they were informed of dispositional consequences. The implications for educating jurors in trials that include the GBMI verdict option are discussed.

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Hastings, Patricia. "The impact of complainant sexual history evidence on jurors' decision processes in a sexual assault trial." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq27296.pdf.

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OLIVEIRA, AMANDA ALVES. "INTERFERENCE OF MEDIA ANIMUS JURORS IN DECISIONS BY THE JURY: A CASE STUDY OF ELIZA SAMUDIO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34392@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A interferência da mídia no animus dos jurados em decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal do Júri é nítida, principalmente por ter como juízes o próprio povo. Um dos casos mais emblemáticos é o caso Eliza Samúdio, em que uma jovem teria sido assassinada brutalmente a mando do pai do próprio filho, um jogador de futebol famoso. Atuando em tempos e com discursos diferentes, mídia e judiciário seguiram seus caminhos. Caso complexo, repleto de enigmas e o envolvimento de uma pessoa famosa no meio popular apresentou-se perfeito à imprensa por concentrar em si os três assuntos que mais prendem a atenção popular: o crime, esporte e sexo. Além do enigma: onde estariam os restos mortais da jovem? Dia a dia, momento a momento, a imprensa seguia os passos do inquérito policial e do processo penal com o intuito de passar a notícia e com isso perceber os seus lucros, sendo notório que essa cobertura privilegiou a fase de inquérito e do julgamento, sempre enfatizando a personalidade de Bruno Fernandes como fora dos padrões normais. A mídia assim, autoafirmava como autoridade moralizadora, utilizando da narrativa para tanto. Ao fim, viu-se a ratificação de um veredicto já proferido pela mídia muito tempo antes do julgamento, tendo em vista o populismo penal midiático em que Bruno Fernandes fora condenado à reprimenda maior do que no direito se admitiria, principalmente porque o julgamento pelo Tribunal do Júri é feito através do povo, que confirmou o que escutou durante quase três anos.
The interference in the media animus of jurors in decisions made by court s jury is clear, mainly because the judges were their people. One of the most emblematic cases is the Eliza Samúdio, where a young woman had been brutally murdered at the behest of the father of his own son, a famous soccer player. Acting upon different times and speeches, media and judicial branches went their ways. Complex case replete with enigma and the involvement of a famous person in the popular medium presented the perfect press to focus itself on three issues that mostly catches the popular attention, being crime, sport, sex. Besides the enigma: where were the remains of the young woman? Day by day, moment by moment the press followed the steps of the police investigation and criminal procedure in order to pass the news and thus realize their profits, being clear that this coverage favored the stage press inquiries and judgment, always emphasizing the personality of Bruno Fernandes and outside the normal range. The media so, self claimed authority as moralizing, using the narrative to do so. At the end, found itself ratification of a verdict already delivered by the media long before the trial, in view of the penal populism media where Bruno Fernandes was sentenced to reprimand larger than the right would admit, mainly because the trial by jury is made through the people, which confirmed that heard for almost three years.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jurors'

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