Journal articles: 'Jurisprudence, United States.: Oregon'

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Telesetsky, Anastasia. "Maritime Historic Rights in United States Jurisprudence." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 7, no. 2 (October 4, 2019): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340124.

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Abstract This article provides a review of the major “historic rights” cases in United States federal jurisprudence involving disputes between the United States and its constituent states. On the basis of these cases, the article describes the three step-approach taken by the judiciary in deciding whether there are cognizable “historic right” claims.

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Norvell, Lorelei L., and Scott A. Redhead. "Valdensiniaheterodoxa (Sclerotiniaceae) in the United States." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1981–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-253.

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The leaf-spot pathogen Valdensiniaheterodoxa Peyronel is reported for the first time from the United States (Idaho, Washington, and Oregon), based on the recovery of the anamorph. Scanning electron micrographs illustrate anamorphic propagules collected from economically significant ericaceous hosts Gaultheriashallon Pursh, Vacciniumalaskaense Howell, and Vacciniummembranaceum Douglas.

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Appelbaum, Paul S. "The Empirical Jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court." American Journal of Law & Medicine 13, no. 2-3 (1987): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009885880000839x.

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The age of empirical jurisprudence appears to be upon us. At both trial and appellate levels, empirical data are playing ever more prominent roles in civil and criminal adjudication. Expert witnesses were once confined to a narrow class of forensic scientists. Today psychologists, sociologists, statisticians, and other empirical researchers regularly testify in court. Lawyers aware of the value of using empirical argument hire expert witnesses to discuss and dispute vast bodies of data often generated precisely for the purpose of influencing legal decision-makers.Courts are continually being asked to settle broad issues of social policy, many of which turn on empirical analyses of the effects of actual and proposed statutes, regulations, and judicially-generated rules. As a result, the use of data-oriented arguments continues to grow. Scholars are looking for change in the traditional structures for regulating the introduction of data into evidence, and have proposed innovative procedures that recognize the potential contributions of empirical results.

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Bodansky, Daniel, and Curtis A. Bradley. "Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon." American Journal of International Law 100, no. 4 (October 2006): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000293000003195x.

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Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon, 126 S.Ct. 2669.United States Supreme Court, June 28, 2006.In Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon, a majority of the U.S. Supreme Court held that suppression of evidence is not an appropriate remedy for violations of Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and that U.S. states may apply their regular procedural default rules to bar claims brought under Article 36. The Court reached the latter conclusion despite contrary reasoning by the International Court of Justice (ICJ).Article 36(1)(b) of the Vienna Convention provides that when one party country arrests nationals of another party country, it shall inform the foreign nationals without delay that they have the right to have their consulate notified of the arrest, and to communicate with the consulate. Article 36(2) adds that these rights “shall be exercised in conformity with the laws and regulations of the receiving State, subject to the proviso, however, that the said laws and regulations must enable full effect to be given to the purposes for which the rights accorded under this Article are intended.” The United States ratified the Vienna Convention in 1969, along with a protocol to the Convention providing that disputes between nations arising under the treaty could be heard in the ICJ.

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El-Gholl, N. E., T. S. Schubert, S. E. Walker, and J. K. Stone. "Expanded Range of Cylindrocladium colhounii in the United States." Plant Disease 81, no. 11 (November 1997): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.11.1333d.

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Plant pathologists in Florida and Oregon have recently found Cylindrocladium colhounii for the first time on two new ornamental plant species. Brown, pinpoint leaf spots were observed on Callistemon rigidus (stiff bottlebrush) in a Florida nursery. C. colhounii was isolated consistently from these lesions. To confirm Koch's postulates, 25 ml of aconidial suspension at 96,000 conidia per ml was used to spray a 38.1-cm branch of C. rigidus. Plants were maintained in a moist chamber at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). Symptoms appeared within 3 days, and included brown, pinpoint spots (1 mm or less) occurring on both leaf surfaces, sunken blotches, and blight. The fungus was consistently reisolated from symptomatic tissue. In Oregon, the first detection of C. colhounii was from leaf spots on Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen) in a nursery. No proof of pathogenicity was done in Oregon on G. procumbens. C. colhounii has now been reported on 14 host genera in 10 families from Australia, India, Mauritius, South Africa, and the U.S. (FL, HI, LA, NC, OR, SC) (1–4). References: (1) P. W. Crous and M. J. Wingfield. Mycopathologia 122:45, 1993. (2) A. Peerally. Mycotaxon 40:323, 1991. (3) A. Y. Rossman. Mycol. Pap. No. 150, Commonw. Mycol. Inst., Kew, Surrey, England, 1983. (4) J. Y. Uchida and M. Aragaki. Plant Dis. 81:298, 1997.

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Parry, John T. "Ahmad and Others v. The United Kingdom (Eur. Ct. H.R.)." International Legal Materials 52, no. 2 (April 2013): 440–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.52.2.0440.

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In Ahmad and Others v. United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) upheld the extradition of several suspected terrorists to the United States, despite the possibility that if convicted, the suspects could face life sentences and imprisonment or both, in a “supermax” prison. This decision marks another important step in the development of the Court’s Article 3 extradition jurisprudence. It also illustrates the uneasy tension between that jurisprudence and the efforts of European states to cooperate with U.S. anti-terror initiatives.

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Kirgis, Frederic L. "Zschernig v. Miller and the Breard Matter." American Journal of International Law 92, no. 4 (October 1998): 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998134.

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In 1968 the United States Supreme Court decided Zschernig v. Miller, a foreign relations case that has been characterized as unique. An Oregon probate statute provided for escheat of a decedent’s property in preference to a nonresident alien’s claim to inherit it unless the alien’s country (1) allowed United States citizens to inherit under similar circumstances, (2) allowed U.S. citizens to receive payment here of funds inherited there, and (3) gave foreign heirs the right to receive the proceeds of Oregon estates without confiscation. Residents of then East Germany, who were the heirs of an Oregon decedent, challenged the constitutionality of the statute. The Supreme Court struck down the statute, finding that Oregon probate and appellate judges were basing their decisions on “foreign policy attitudes, the freezing or thawing of the ‘cold war.’”

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ABEYTA, CARLOS, CHARLES A. KAYSNER, MARLEEN M. WEKELL, and ROBERT F. STOTT. "Incidence of Motile Aeromonads From United States West Coast Shellfish Growing Estuaries." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.10.849.

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The distribution of motile Aeromonas species in marine and tributary waters, sediment, and shellfish from 12 major estuarine areas in Washington, Oregon, and California with commercial or sport shellfish harvest was determined during the summer months. Aeromonas spp. were found in half of the total of 400 samples analyzed. Two enrichment broths, tryptic soy ampicillin broth (TSBA) and alkaline peptone water (APW), were compared for recovery of Aeromonas from Washington and Oregon samples. More Aeromonas were isolated using TSBA. For Washington and Oregon samples, recoveries using TSBA were 82 and 77% respectively compared to 31 and 50% using APW. For California samples, only APW was used with 28% samples positive. Of 767 isolates tested, 93.5% were positive for hemolysis, a trait reported to correlate with enterotoxin production and pathogenicity. Of the hemolysis positive strains, 59.5% were toxic to Y-1 adrenal cells.

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Post, A. R., J. C. Neal, A. Krings, B. R. Sosinski, and Q. Xiang. "New Zealand Bittercress (Cardamine corymbosa; Brassicaceae): New to the United States." Weed Technology 23, no. 4 (December 2009): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-09-017.1.

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New Zealand bittercress is reported as new to the United States. While collecting specimens to determine what Cardamine species occur in the nursery trade, New Zealand bittercress was discovered in a container nursery in Wilkes County, North Carolina. The nursery tracked the shipment of contaminated plants to a wholesale nursery in Washington County, Oregon. It was subsequently confirmed that New Zealand bittercress also occurs in a nursery in Clackamas County, Oregon, and has likely been distributed throughout the United States as a contaminant in container grown ornamental plants. Thus far there have been no reports of naturalized populations outside of container nursery crop production facilities.

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Ka‘ula, Leialoha, Jonathan Cruz, Natlie Dutro, Donna Ching, Kawehilani Wong, and Alexandra Malia Jackson. "Growing Kalo (Taro) in the Continental United States." Health Promotion Practice 24, no. 6 (October 25, 2023): 1083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15248399231190361.

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As an increasing number of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults move to the continental United States, the development and implementation of resources that promote access to cultural foods and support food sovereignty on the continent is crucial to perpetuate cultural practice and connection to the ʻāina (land that feeds). Kalo (taro) is an important cultural food central to Native Hawaiian identity. Native Hawaiians connect their genealogy as far back to the cultivation of kalo and the creation of kalo itself. In this practice note, we describe the creation of a māla kalo (cultivated field for taro) in Oregon by the Kaʻaha Lāhui O ʻOlekona Hawaiian Civic Club. An ongoing project over the past 3 years, the creation of a māla kalo exceeded expectations. Not only did the māla allow the cultivation of kalo outside of Hawaii, the māla became a place for the community to unite toward common goals of connecting with the land, promoting mental health, and creating a sense of place in their diaspora. This project indicates that not only is the creation of māla kalo in Oregon feasible, it may also be an important opportunity for the growing number of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders adults living on the continent to improve health outcomes through connections with cultural foods and practices.

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강경래. "Drug Court as a Therapeutic Jurisprudence in the United States." HUFS Law Review 37, no. 4 (November 2013): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17257/hufslr.2013.37.4.21.

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Machaj, Łukasz. "Symbolic communication as speech in united states supreme court jurisprudence." Wroclaw Review of Law, Administration & Economics 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wrlae-2013-0039.

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13

KATAGIRI, Shizuko. "Death with Dignity in State of Oregon,the United States." Contemporary Sociological Studies 27 (2014): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7129/hokkaidoshakai.27.55.

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14

Rees, Norman E., Robert W. Pemberton, Antonio Rizza, and Pasquale Pecora. "First Recovery of Oberea erythrocephala on the Leafy Spurge Complex in the United States." Weed Science 34, no. 3 (May 1986): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500067059.

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The beetle Oberea erythrocephala, whose larvae mine stems and roots of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. # EPHES), was introduced into Oregon, Montana, and Wyoming between 1980 and 1984. Although it was not recovered in Oregon and Wyoming, it became established at two of three release sites in Montana and appears to be accepting leafy spurge plants at a fourth.

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15

Olsen, Jeff. "Improvements in Hazelnuts in the United States." HortScience 46, no. 3 (March 2011): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.3.343.

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In the mid-1980s, eastern filbert blight (EFB) fungus, Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, was discovered in Oregon's main hazelnut-producing region and now is present throughout the hazelnut-producing area. Oregon State University's (OSU) Hazelnut Breeding Program responded by developing EFB-resistant cultivars, the first of which was released in 2005. The breeding program has also selected for other beneficial traits such as uniform early nut maturation, larger kernel size, and improved kernel quality. A 2008 OSU economic study on the costs of establishing and producing hazelnuts showed that the EFB-resistant cultivars enhanced economic viability of orchards, increasing cumulative cash flow during the 12-year establishment period by $12,243 per hectare. Several completely resistant cultivars have been released from the OSU Hazelnut Breeding program, all of which have ‘Gasaway’ as a resistance source, which transmits a dominant allele at a single locus that provides resistance to EFB. Additional EFB-resistant genotypes have also been identified from a diversity of origins that are being integrated into the OSU breeding program to produce new cultivars expressing multiple sources of genetic resistance. Interest in growing hazelnuts is increasing in other parts of the United States; for example, the Arbor Day Foundation began the Hazelnut Research Project in 1996 in Nebraska. A Hybrid Hazelnut Consortium was formed to join the leading hazelnut researchers in the United States. The Consortium's goal is to create a world-leading research and breeding program to develop hazelnuts as a widely adapted, high-yielding, and low-input sustainable crop that is competitive with annual crops for food, feed, or bioenergy. At Rutgers University, there has been a program of breeding and research for hazelnuts for the eastern United States since 1996. The program currently has ≈11,000 hazelnut seedlings undergoing evaluation. The Rutgers program is also looking for winter-hardy genotypes. They have been working closely with OSU to assess the response of OSU hazelnut selections that are resistant to EFB in Oregon when they are exposed to EFB isolates collected from across the eastern United States. This work has demonstrated the need for cultivars to express multiple sources of resistance and has prompted quarantine on importation of hazelnut plants into Oregon from other states where EFB strains may differ. Rutgers is also searching for new sources of resistance to EFB from seedling populations from Europe with the goal of integrating these sources into American germplasm. More effective Integrated Pest Management for EFB-susceptible hazelnut cultivars has been developed by OSU scientists. They recommend a management program that integrates scouting for and pruning infected tissue, fungicidal sprays, and the use of more resistant cultivars. Advances in hazelnut fertilizer management have included descriptions of patterns of nitrogen uptake, distribution, and use using isotopically labeled nitrogen.

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Roth, Barry. "Range of Pristiloma crateris Pilsbry, 1946 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pristilomatidae) in the United States Pacific Northwest." Check List 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2015): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1571.

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Extensive holdings of Pristiloma snails in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection were evaluated and reidentified as necessary. The study confirmed the distinctness of Pristiloma crateris from other species and delineated a range in Pacific Northwest National Forests, primarily along the western and eastern slopes of the Cascade Range in Oregon.

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Tamanaha, Brian Z. "Sociological Jurisprudence Past and Present." Law & Social Inquiry 45, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 493–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.26.

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Through the mid-twentieth century, jurisprudents considered sociological jurisprudence to be one of the most influential theories of law in the United States. By end of the century, however, it had virtually disappeared. The publication of Roger Cotterrell’s Sociological Jurisprudence: Juristic Thought and Social Inquiry (2018) provides an occasion to examine what this theory of law was about, why it disappeared, and its prospects for revival. The topics covered in this essay are the circumstances surrounding the origin of sociological jurisprudence, the tenets of sociological jurisprudence, the successes of sociological jurisprudence, its relationship with sociology of law, its relationship with legal realism, its place in contemporary jurisprudence, and finally, the need to keep jurisprudence open.

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18

Cohn, Stuart R. "Mergers and Antitrust Regulation in the United States." Leiden Journal of International Law 1, no. 2 (November 1988): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000832.

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In his article on mergers and antitrust regulation in the United States, Professor Cohn describes the intricate relationship between the two concepts. Antitrust law is analyzed along the lines of the Sherman Act, the Clayton Act and the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act. Furthermore, Professor Cohn frequently refers to relevant jurisprudence in his efforts to clarify the present-day legal situation in the United States with respect to horizontal and vertical mergers. He concludes that merger law in the United States is an amalgam of state and federal law which does not account for a ‘unified set of rules governing mergers’.

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Ziegler, Stephen J. "Physician-Assisted Suicide and Criminal Prosecution: Are Physicians at Risk?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33, no. 2 (2005): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00499.x.

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The legalization of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) remains a hotly debated issue throughout the United States, and continues to capture the attention of government officials at both the state and federal levels. While the practice is currently legal in Oregon, some federal lawmakers and officials from the U.S. Department of Justice have attempted to outlaw that state's practice through legislation (e.g., the Pain Relief Promotion Act of 1999), or through a strained interpretation of the federal Controlled Substances Act. And while several citizen groups throughout the United States have attempted but failed to legalize PAS through popular initiative, several state lawmakers have succeeded in specifically outlawing the practice. Yet even though physician-assisted suicide (PAS) remains unlawful in every state except Oregon, there is ample evidence that American physicians throughout the United States have participated in PAS by providing their terminally ill patients with lethal prescriptions.

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SIM, KWAN KIAT. "Rethinking the mandatory/discretionary legislation distinction in WTO jurisprudence." World Trade Review 2, no. 1 (March 2003): 33–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745603001319.

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A WTO member state whose legislation is alleged to have infringed WTO rules often invokes the mandatory/discretionary distinction, which states that only legislation mandating actions inconsistent with WTO rules can be challenged; legislation merely granting the discretion to do so cannot be challenged. This article highlights the treatment of this distinction by the Panel and the Appellate Body in recent decisions, in particular, United States–Section 211 Omnibus Appropriation Act of 1998 (‘US–Section 211’), and United States – Countervailing Measures Concerning Certain Products from the European Communities (‘US–Countervailing Measures’). The reasoning and analysis in these cases extended beyond the characterization of the form of the legislation to an examination of the effect of the legislation, and may portend a reconsideration of the mandatory/discretionary distinction and a reformulation of the test for reviewing a state's legislation for WTO-compliance.

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Bell, Neil, Heather Stoven, James S. Owen, and James E. Altland. "Cold Hardiness of Grevillea in Western Oregon." HortTechnology 30, no. 1 (February 2020): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04377-19.

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A cold hardiness evaluation of 57 cultivars and species of grevillea (Grevillea) was conducted from 2011 to 2014 in Aurora, OR, to assess landscape suitability in the Pacific Northwest United States. Plants were established using irrigation in 2011, but they received no supplemental water, mineral nutrients, or pruning from 2012 to 2014. Plants were evaluated for injury in Mar. 2012 and Jan. 2014 after winter cold events with minimum temperatures of −4 and −13 °C, respectively. Damage, at least on some level, occurred on most selections following their first winter after planting in 2011. During Winter 2013, further damage to, or death of, 33 grevillea cultivars or species occurred. The grevillea that exhibited the least cold damage and the most promise for landscape use and further evaluation in the Pacific Northwest United States were ‘Poorinda Elegance’ hybrid grevillea, southern grevillea (G. australis), cultivars of juniper-leaf grevillea (G. juniperina) including Lava Cascade and Molonglo, and oval-leaf grevillea (G. miqueliana), all of which exhibited minor foliage damage.

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22

Zhai, Jun, Zhuo Ning, Ram Dahal, and Shaoyang Yang. "Wildfire Susceptibility of Land Use and Topographic Features in the Western United States: Implications for the Landscape Management." Forests 14, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040807.

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Understanding the role of land use type and topographic features in shaping wildfire regimes received much attention because of the intensification of wildfire activities. The intensifying wildfires in the western United States are a great concern both for the environment and society. We investigate the patterns of wildfire occurrence in the western United States at the landscape level by using 118 wildfires with areas greater than 405 ha in the study year of 2018. The selection ratios were calculated to measure fire preference with regard to land cover type, slope, and aspect. The results suggest that grasslands, steeper slopes, and south-facing aspects were more susceptible to wildfires in the western United States. Additionally, there were regional variations in wildfire susceptibility in Washington, Oregon, and California. The most wildfire-prone land cover type in Washington was mixed forests, whereas that in Oregon and California was grassland. The findings of this study improve the understanding of the role of land use changes and topographic features in shaping wildfire patterns in the western United States, providing insights for managing wildfire risks for forest management strategies at the landscape level.

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Meyer, M. D., and W. P. McCafferty. "Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of the far western United States. Part 2: Oregon." Transactions of the American Entomological Society 133, no. 1 & 2 (March 2007): 65–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2007)133[65:meotfw]2.0.co;2.

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Morgan, Leo D. "CONTRACT TRIAL OF THE UNITED STATES COAST-LINE BATTLE SHIP OREGON." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 8, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 439–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1896.tb00728.x.

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Campbell, John, Dan Donato, David Azuma, and Beverly Law. "Pyrogenic carbon emission from a large wildfire in Oregon, United States." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 112, G4 (December 2007): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007jg000451.

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Lillich, Richard B., and David J. Bederman. "Jurisprudence of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission: Iran Claims." American Journal of International Law 91, no. 3 (July 1997): 436–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2954182.

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The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (Commission or FCSC) was granted jurisdiction to determine the validity and amounts of certain claims by U.S. nationals against Iran by the Iran Claims Act and the 1990 Settlement Agreement (lump sum settlement) between the United States and Iran. The Iran Claims Act, a 1985 statute enacted in anticipation of the lump sum agreement settling U.S. “small claims” against Iran, required the Commission to apply: (1)the terms of any settlement agreement [lump sum settlement];(2)the relevant provisions of the Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria of January 19, 1981, giving consideration to interpretations thereof by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal; and(3)applicable principles of international law, justice, and equity.

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Craig, Morrie, G. Rottinghaus, K. Walker, and E. Ishikuro. "Comparison of ergovaline determinations between laboratories in the United States and Japan." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3144.

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Quality assurance and quality control is the foundation of any diagnostic test. The two laboratories in the United States that use HPLC to quantitate endophyte toxins in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are Oregon State University (OSU) and University of Missouri (MU). Japan, the major importer of grass straw has six new laboratories that will test agricultural imports for endophyte toxins. A quality assurance program was set up between the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and the State of Oregon. The latter includes both OSU and the MU. All units are using an accurate crystalline standard and have exchanged "check" samples among themselves. To date OSU and MU have values that differ by 10%. OSU has identified a contaminating and coeluting peak as the cause of the differences. Both laboratories are changing to a Gemini column to rectify the differences. Japanese laboratories are in the process of evaluating their split check samples. Keywords: quality assurance, quality control, endophyte, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass

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Ommundsen, Reidar, and Knud S. Larsen. "Attitudes toward Illegal Immigration in Scandinavia and United States." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (June 1999): 1331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1331.

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531 undergraduate students ( M age = 23.4 yr.) from the universities of Copenhagen, Oslo, and Oregon State participated in a survey on attitudes toward illegal immigrants, radicalism–conservatism, Machiavellianism, and anomie. Also, a scale on relative optimism–pessimism, past, present, and future, was included. The range of coefficients alpha for the Attitudes Toward Illegal Immigration Scale was .92 to .93. Pearson product-moment correlations for the over-all sample were significant for these scores and on radicalism–conservatism, Machiavellianism, and anomie. Correlational and regression analysis identify radicalism–conservatism as a primary predictor. National sample differences are discussed.

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Lushnikova, Alexandra. "The right to euthanasia: the analysis of the United Kingdom and the United States jurisprudence." Sravnitel'noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie 117, no. 2 (2017): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/1812-7126-2017-2-106-120.

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Prospero, S., N. J. Grünwald, L. M. Winton, and E. M. Hansen. "Migration Patterns of the Emerging Plant Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum on the West Coast of the United States of America." Phytopathology® 99, no. 6 (June 2009): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-6-0739.

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Phytophthora ramorum (oomycetes) is the causal agent of sudden oak death and ramorum blight on trees, shrubs, and woody ornamentals in the forests of coastal California and southwestern Oregon and in nurseries of California, Oregon, and Washington. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of P. ramorum on the West Coast of the United States, focusing particularly on population differentiation potentially indicative of gene flow. In total, 576 isolates recovered from 2001 to 2005 were genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. Our analyses of genetic diversity and inferences of reproductive mode confirm previous results for the Oregon and California populations, with the strong majority of the genotypes belonging to the NA1 clonal lineage and showing no evidence for sexual reproduction. The high incidence of genotypes shared among populations and the lack of genetic structure among populations show that important large-scale, interpopulation genetic exchanges have occurred. This emphasizes the importance of human activity in shaping the current structure of the P. ramorum population on the West Coast of the United States.

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Ganzini, Linda. "Legalised Physician-Assisted Death in Oregon." QUT Law Review 16, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v16i1.623.

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In the United States, five states have legalised physician-assisted death (PAD), but most information and research comes from the state of Oregon, in which the practice has been legal since 1997. This law allows a physician to prescribe a lethal dosage of medicine to terminally ill, mentally competent residents, for the purposes of self-administration. Each year about 3 in 1000 deaths are from PAD and the patients most often have cancer or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Concerns that legalisation would undermine the development of palliative care and be disproportionately utilised by patients unable to access good end of life care have been unfounded.

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Simeon, James. "The Evolving Common Law Jurisprudence Combatting the Threat of Terrorism in the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada." Laws 8, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws8010005.

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Terrorism is a concept that defies a simple and straightforward legal definition. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that there is no Comprehensive Convention on Terrorism with a universally accepted definition of what constitutes “terrorism.” Consequently, States have devised their own definitions of what constitutes terrorism that are typically found in their criminal law. This raises the fundamental question of whether there is a convergence or divergence in jurisprudential trends on what constitutes terrorism among States? Presumably, a convergence in jurisprudential trends is more likely to contribute to combatting the threat of terrorism at the international and national levels. Accordingly, this article comparatively analyzes the definition of terrorism in three common law jurisdictions: the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. It finds that although there are a number of similarities in the definition of terrorism in these three States, they have significantly different definitions of what constitutes terrorism. The UK definition, ostensibly, has the broadest definition of terrorism of the three States. The US has, undoubtedly, the most unique, with separate definitions for “international terrorism” and “domestic terrorism.” Additionally, Canada has the most international definition of terrorism, drawing on 13 functional terrorism Conventions to define offenses such as hijacking, hostage taking, and bombing, etc. The second part of the article comparatively analyzes seven of the leading Supreme Court cases on terrorism in these three States. From the ratio or rationes decidendi in each of these cases, it draws out the twelve legal principles that underlie these judgements and finds that they are similar and overall consistent. The conclusion reached is that there is, at least in these three common law jurisdictions, an apparent convergence in jurisprudential trends in the law of terrorism. This augurs well for the development and emergence of a common definition of what constitutes terrorism at the international and transnational levels, as well as more rigorous and effective counter-terrorism laws and policies within and across States.

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Brewer, Matthew C., and Clifford F. Mass. "Simulation of Summer Diurnal Circulations over the Northwest United States." Weather and Forecasting 29, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 1208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-14-00018.1.

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Abstract During the summer, strong surface heating combines with the terrain and land–water contrasts of the northwest United States to create a complex array of diurnal circulations. Though observational and modeling studies have described some of these circulations, advances in high-resolution numerical modeling allow for a more comprehensive and three-dimensional examination. To simulate typical summer conditions over the Pacific Northwest, 3-hourly Global Forecast System (GFS) model output for July and August 2009–11 was used to initialize and provide boundary conditions for a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model run. To ensure the realism of the simulation, it was compared to observations from a collection of days representing typical summer conditions. Generally, it was found that the simulated diurnal wind, relative humidity, and temperature were close to the observations. It is shown that regional diurnal circulations over the Pacific Northwest occur on a number of interacting scales, ranging from upslope/downslope winds on local terrain features to larger-scale circulations such as between the Pacific Ocean and the western Oregon and Washington interiors. Such multiscale diurnal circulations occur concurrently, with the interactions producing complex structures, several of which are described in this paper. Wind speeds in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and downstream of the major Cascade Mountain gaps reach maxima between 2100 and 2400 local daylight time (LDT), while most other areas have peak winds earlier in the day. Localized nocturnal low-level wind maxima are described, including one over the northern Willamette Valley and another over the high plateau of eastern Oregon.

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Behuniak-Long, Susan. "Justice Sandra Day O'Connor and the Power or Maternal Legal Thinking." Review of Politics 54, no. 3 (1992): 417–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500018246.

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Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman on the United States Supreme Court, has been criticized by some for failing to bring a woman's perspective to the Court, and by others for acting too much like the stereotypical woman who cannot make up her mind. Both criticisms overlook the possibility that O'Connor's impact as a female is derived from the fact that she is promulgating a very specific jurisprudence—that of the feminine. However, it is in employing this jurisprudence that she undermines the potential for both a feminist jurisprudence and for a cohesive conservative bloc on the Court.

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Meier, Mike. "Criteria Relating to Eligibility for ‘Asylum’ and ‘Withholding of Deportation’ in the United States." Leiden Journal of International Law 2, no. 1 (May 1989): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001072.

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This article deals with recent developments in the United States' refugee legislation and policies. After an examination of the relevant procedural aspects, the author discusses several concepts and criteria that play an important role in the decision whether an alien will be granted asylum in the United States. Despite recent jurisprudence, the related concepts of ‘wellfounded fear’ and ‘clear probability’ of persecution remain vague and illdefined. Thus, according to the author, it is doubtful whether the present standards of United States refugee law contribute to the protection of truly politically persecuted. Besides, the concept of ‘safe haven’ should not replace the concept of ‘firm resettlement’.

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McElfish, Pearl A., Rachel S. Purvis, Sheldon Riklon, and Seiji Yamada. "Compact of Free Association Migrants and Health Insurance Policies: Barriers and Solutions to Improve Health Equity." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 56 (January 2019): 004695801989478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958019894784.

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This commentary outlines the health insurance disparities of Compact of Free Association (COFA) migrants living in the United States. Compact of Free Association migrants are citizens of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau who can live, work, and study in the United States without a visa. Compact of Free Association migrants make up a significant proportion of the rapidly growing Pacific Islander population in the United States. This article describes the historical and current relationships between the United States and the Compact nations and examines national policy barriers constraining health insurance access for COFA migrants. In addition, the commentary describes the state-level health policies of Arkansas, Hawai’i, and Oregon, which are the states where the majority of COFA migrants reside. Finally, policy recommendations are provided to improve health equity for COFA migrants.

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Behrman, Robert W. "Equal or Effective Representation: Redistricting Jurisprudence in Canada and the United States." American Journal of Legal History 51, no. 2 (April 2011): 277–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/51.2.277.

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Rushdi, Ahmed I., Vasile Ersek, Alan C. Mix, and Peter U. Clark. "Controls on dripwater chemistry of Oregon Caves National Monument, northwestern United States." Journal of Hydrology 557 (February 2018): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.12.006.

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Mijangos González, Javier. "La doctrina de la Drittwirkung der Grundrechte en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 20 (July 1, 2007): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.20.2007.6772.

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Through a study of the jurisprudence of the region over the last twenty years, it becomes possible to see that the CIDH has constructed an entire theory about the applicability of fundamental rights in relations between individuals in Latin America. Through this theory it has addressed the most important social problems in contemporary Latin American history, thus contributing to the transition to democracy for many countries in the region. The study will analyze the stages that the jurisprudence of the CIDH has passed through and which have led to the current criteria that this organization uses. The first stage consists of a series of rulings whose common denominator is the analysis of the obligation of respect and vigilance for fundamental rights by the states listed in article 1.1 of the American Convention on Human Rights. This principle, which is ever-present in its jurisprudence, brings the Inter-American Court to approaches that are similar to those proposed by the United States doctrine of state action, as it makes use of a good number of rulings made by the Supreme Court of the United States between 1960 and 1980. In the second stage, the importance originally placed on determining the characteristics of the agent who committed the violation of fundamental rights is replaced by a series of approaches in which the nature of the actual violation itself becomes the focus. In this phase, the Inter-American Court establishes the idea that the fundamental rights listed in the Convention are erga omnes obligations that are imposed not only in relation to the power of the State but also with respect to the actions of third-party individuals. Finally, the third stage in the evolution of the court’s jurisprudence is represented by the most pertinent case in this matter: Opinión Consultiva 18/03, requested by the United Mexican States regarding the legal status of immigrants. This resolution, which has established a trend up until today, definitively establishes the direct effectiveness of the fundamental rights in relations between individuals.

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Squires, Richard L. "Pteropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Tertiary formations of Washington and Oregon." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 4 (July 1989): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019673.

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Praehyalocylis cretacea (Blanckenhorn, 1889), a pteropod previously known only from upper Eocene to middle Miocene strata in Europe and Turkey, is reported for the first time in similar age rocks in the northwestern United States. Of the 238 specimens, most occur as molds and casts in concretions in deep-water deposits from the Keasey Formation in Oregon, and from the Quimper Sandstone, Blakeley Formation, Pysht Formation, and Astoria Formation of Washington. Praehyalocylis has not been reported previously from the Western Hemisphere.Clio berglundi n. sp. and C. goederti n. sp. are reported from upper Oligocene to lower Miocene rocks in Washington. Eleven specimens were found mostly as internal molds in concretions in deep-water deposits of the Lincoln Creek, Pysht, and Astoria Formations of Washington. Cenozoic species of Clio have not been reported previously from the West Coast of the United States.

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NOGUEIRA, LIA, JOEL MICHALSKI, THOMAS L. MARSH, and VICKI McCRACKEN. "WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF WASHINGTON WHEAT BREEDING PROGRAMS." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 47, no. 2 (January 29, 2015): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2014.7.

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AbstractWe calculate the welfare effects of the Washington State University (WSU) wheat breeding programs for producers and consumers in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and the United States, and for importers of U.S. wheat. We develop a partial equilibrium multiregion, multiproduct, multivariety trade model for wheat that provides consumer, producer, and total surplus for each wheat class and region. Our results provide evidence suggesting that WSU wheat breeding programs have increased welfare for the state of Washington, the United States, and importers of U.S. wheat.

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Coffey, Ger. "An exploration of ECtHR jurisprudence governing the administration of release processes for life and long-term sentence prisoners: Perspectives from the United Kingdom." New Journal of European Criminal Law 12, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 594–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20322844211061551.

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The purpose of the research themes examined in this article is to contribute to the ongoing debate pertaining to substantive criminal laws and procedures governing sentence reviews of prolonged detention for life and long-term sentence prisoners in accordance with Article 5(4) ECHR. The incompatibility of whole life irreducible sentences with Article 3 ECHR is examined through the lens of the ECtHR judgment in Vinter, Moore and Bamber v United Kingdom. The analyses of ECtHR jurisprudence is heavily skewed towards the administration of indeterminate life, and by analogy long-term determinate sentences, in the United Kingdom which is an outlier jurisdiction in a European context given that, in conjunction with Turkey, it accounts for the majority of persons serving life sentences. The article focuses on pertinent ECHR provisions and associated ECtHR jurisprudence, with perspectives from the United Kingdom on their implementation as a case study. While key themes are disinterred from the ECtHR’s jurisprudence that will presumably inform sentence review procedures in European states, a broader analysis of release systems operative in a European context is beyond the scope of the article.

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SHEAR, WILLIAM A., and RODNEY L. CRAWFORD. "Cave millipedes of the United States. XVI. Two new species from Oregon Caves National Monument, Oregon (Chordeumatida, Conotylidae and Caseyidae)." Zootaxa 4674, no. 5 (September 27, 2019): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.6.

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Two new species of millipedes are described from Oregon Caves National Monument, Josephine County, Oregon, USA: Taiyutyla caseophila, n. sp. (Conotylidae), a troglophile; and Opiona catorycha, n. sp. (Caseyidae), a troglobiont found in at least one other cave in the region. We also provide a brief discussion of the invertebrate biodiversity of Oregon Cave.

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Khan, Bushra. "JUDICIAL REVIEW OF COUNTER-TERROR LEGISLATION: THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT AND THE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.907.

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Since the attacks of 9/11, terrorism has emerged as a serious concern for national security. Both the United States and Pakistan have and continue to experience the scourge of terrorism and strive to grapple with it in a manner that is compliant with their constitution. Consequently, the counter-terrorism measures put in place by both states have been put to review by the highest constitutional courts of the states. This work attempts to analyze the jurisprudence of the United States Supreme court and the Supreme Court of Pakistan and examines whether the former has impacted the interpretation of the latter. Keywords: Judicial Review, Judiciary, Terrorism, Legislation

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Bekker, Pieter, and Robert van de Poll. "Unlocking the Arctic’s Resources Equitably: Using a Law-and-Science Approach to Fix the Beaufort Sea Boundary." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 35, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 163–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-23441076.

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Abstract This article analyses the unresolved maritime boundary situated in Arctic waters in the Beaufort Sea, between Canada and the United States through an integrated law-and-science approach incorporating new imagery technology. Resolving the Canada-United States disagreement over the Beaufort Sea boundary based on modern geo-scientific technology and the three-step delimitation methodology developed in the jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals could serve as a catalyst for the peaceful and equitable resolution of all other unresolved boundaries in the Arctic Ocean. This includes the boundaries involving Russia, which can claim more than 40 per cent of the Arctic shoreline. Given that the United States is not a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, this article focuses on mechanisms available to Canada and the United States under general international law and by applying ‘best law’ and ‘best science’.

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Petrov, Alexandr. "The Struggle for Oregon in the Last Third of the Eighteenth – First Quarter of the Nineteenth Century." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640025911-0.

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In the article, the authors examine the circumstances of the rivalry for Oregon in the 1770s and the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Historians of Russian America and those who study early US history have paid little attention to this issue, at a time when it was in Oregon that the rivalry between Britain, Russia, France and the United States for possession of the new colonies was ignited. The Spanish, who established their colonies in America in the six-teenth century, laid claim to the entire west coast. The English paid very close attention to the Oregon coast between 30° and 60° N, starting with the expeditions of James Cook and George Vancouver. The French became interested in the region in 1785–1788 during the ex-pedition of the Comte de Lapérouse. Russia, with its colonies in Alaska and the Aleutian Is-lands, pursued a measured and cautious policy. Spain, confident that the territories belonged to her by the right of discovery, had very limited forces for their development. The principal rivals for Oregon territory in the 1820-s were Great Britain and the United States. The article is draws on the latest archival finds. The authors draw on an extensive, inter alia, recent do-mestic and foreign historiography. The methodology used in writing the article is based on the achievements of modern historical scholarship. The article is the first in a series of intended further publications by the authors on the study of the struggle for Oregon and the US West Coast.

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Neeraj, R. S. "A Defining Act: How TPP Rules Are Undermining WTO Jurisprudence." Journal of World Trade 53, Issue 1 (February 1, 2019): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2019008.

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Despite the withdrawal of United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) agreement, the TPP continues to remain relevant as it carries the potential to shape future bilateral and multilateral negotiations on trade issues. This article argues against the suitability of TPP rules for future negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) as these rules undermine, if not directly contradict, WTO’s treaty provisions as interpreted by its adjudicating bodies. The article elaborates three instances where TPP rules are in direct conflict with WTO jurisprudence. Moreover, TPP disciplines on these three areas incorporate the arguments that were advanced by the United States (US) in disputes at the WTO and were rejected by its adjudicating bodies. This shines fresh light on the ‘norm enterpreneuring’ role of the US within the TPP and also demonstrates how TPP rules reconstruct the meaning of WTO’s treaty provisions in a manner that is most suitable for the parochial interests of the US.

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MARSHALL, CHRISTOPHER J. "Two new species of rain beetle (Coleoptera: Pleocomidae: Pleocoma Le Conte, 1856) in the Pacific Northwest of the United State of America." Zootaxa 4471, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.12.

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A newly discovered population of rain beetles from south central Washington, United States of America is described as Pleocoma laker Marshall, new species. The only other species known from Washington, P. crinita Linsley, 1938, is restricted to include only populations north of the Columbia River. Rain beetles from Oregon, previously considered as P. crinita, are recognized as a distinct species: Pleocoma callisto Marshall, new species. A key to the identification of all described rain beetles in Oregon and Washington is provided.

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Richards, Thomas. "“Farewell to America”." Pacific Historical Review 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 114–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2017.86.1.114.

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Historians have long tethered American overland migration to U.S. westward expansion, and they have presumed that Americans who left U.S. borders for Oregon and California in the early 1840s desired—and even assumed—that the United States would soon conquer the Far West. This article examines the words and actions of western migrants before U.S. expansion in 1846. It argues that, in fact, migrants left U.S. borders because their economic prospects were poor in the United States and thus that most migrants cared little whether the United States conquered the West in the near future. Indeed, some of the more ambitious migrants were even hostile to U.S. expansion, for they longed for a western republic of their own. Ultimately, Americans who traveled west did not ascribe to the idea of the United States’ Manifest Destiny but instead were seeking their own individual destinies.

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Takeda, F., B. C. Strik, and J. R. Clark. "Flower Bud Organogenesis and Development in Blackberry Cultivars." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 682g—683. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.682g.

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Western trailing blackberries (e.g., `Boysen' and `Marion') are grown in Oregon. USDA-released semi-erect thornless blackberries (e.g., `Chester Thornless') and erect, thorny blackberries (e.g., `Cherokee') from Arkansas are grown across the United States from the mid-Atlantic coast region to Oregon. Flower bud development in several blackberry cultivars growing at three sites (Arkansas, Oregon, and West Virginia) was studied. In buds of `Boysen' and `Marion' blackberries from Oregon, sepal primordia were first observed in September and November, respectively. Further floral bud development continued into January. Sepal development in `Cherokee' buds occurred in November in Oregon and in December in Arkansas. At all subsequent sampling dates, the development was more advanced in Oregon than in Arkansas. Buds of `Chester Thornless' blackberry from all three sites remained undifferentiated until spring. Preliminary findings indicated that the time of flower bud initiation varied considerably among the cultivars examined. The results suggest that floral bud development in blackberry, once initiated, is continuous, but periods of low temperature can arrest bud development.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Jurisprudence, United States.: Oregon'

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