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1
Kopsell, Dean A., J. Scott McElroy, Carl E. Sams, and David E. Kopsell. "Genetic Variation in Carotenoid Concentrations among Diploid and Amphidiploid Rapid-cycling Brassica Species." HortScience 42, no. 3 (June 2007): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.461.
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Vegetable crops can be significant sources of nutritionally important dietary carotenoids, and Brassica are sources that also exhibit antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. The family Brassicaceae contains a diverse group of plant species commercially important in many parts of the world. The six economically important Brassica species are closely related genetically. Three diploid species (B. nigra, B. rapa, B. oleracea) are the natural progenitors of the amphidiploid species (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata). The objective of this study was to characterize the accumulation of important dietary carotenoid pigments among the genetically related Brassica species. High-performance liquid chromatographic quantification revealed significant differences in carotenoid and chlorophyll pigment concentrations among the Brassica species. Brassica rapa accumulated the highest concentrations of antheraxanthin [0.79 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW)], lutein (8.89 mg/100 g FW), and zeaxanthin (0.75 mg/100 g FW). The highest concentrations of β-carotene (4.41 mg/100 g FW) and total chlorophyll (125.9 mg/100 g FW) were found in B. juncea. Brassica nigra accumulated the highest concentrations of 5,6-epoxylutein (0.41 mg/100 g FW) and violaxanthin (2.28 mg/100 g FW), whereas B. oleracea accumulated the highest concentrations of neoxanthin (2.10 mg/100 g FW). For many of the pigments analyzed, the amphidiploids B. carinata and B. napus accumulated significantly less carotenoid concentrations than the diploid species and B. juneca. Brassica convey unique health attributes when consumed in the diet. Identification of genetic relationships among the Brassica species would be beneficial information for improvement programs designed to increase carotenoid values.
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Kabnani, Jefri, Triati Lestari Salau, Iswanto Iswanto, and Luisa Lakapu. "WADITRA JUNGGA PADA MASYARAKAT KAMBERA, KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR." Tambur : Journal of Music Creation, Study and Performance 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52960/jt.v2i1.89.
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Penelitian ini mengkaji waditra Jungga pada masyarakat Kambera, kabupaten Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara, Timur. Etnomusikologi menjadi dasar teoritis dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jungga merupakan alat musik tradisional asal Sumba Timur yang dimainkan dengan cara dipetik. Jungga di Sumba ada beberapa macam yaitu jungga dua dawai, empat dawai dan enam dawai. Pada jungga enam senar berpola double string ‘setiap dawai rangkap’. Alat musik jungga Sumba Timur pertama kali masuk di daerah Kecamatan Kambera. Jungga merupakan alat musik yang melekat pada budaya Sumba yaitu marapu, sehingga jungga dikultuskan baik dari pembuatannya hingga cara, waktu dan tempat memainkannya. Representasi budaya masyarakat Sumba juga tergambar dalam syair lagu yang diiringi dengan jungga. Salah satu contoh lagu kerja panen Anda Mara ‘jalan yang benar’ menggambarkan budaya asli merapu dalam lagu dan iringan waditra jungga. Komunitas adat pada suku bangsa Sumba yang terdapat di Pulau Sumba yang dikenal dengan kepercayaan Marapu ini tersebar diseluruh wilayah Pulau Sumba.
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Park, Tae-Seon, Dong-Joo Min, Ji-Soo Park, and Jin-Sung Hong. "The N-Terminal Region of Cucumber Mosaic Virus 2a Protein Is Involved in the Systemic Infection in Brassica juncea." Plants 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2024): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13071001.
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Brassica juncea belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is used as both an oilseed and vegetable crop. As only a few studies have reported on the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in B. juncea, we conducted this study to provide a basic understanding of the B. juncea and CMV interactions. B. juncea-infecting CMV (CMV-Co6) and non-infecting CMV (CMV-Rs1) were used. To identify the determinants of systemic infection in B. juncea, we first constructed infectious clones of CMV-Co6 and CMV-Rs1 and used them as pseudo-recombinants. RNA2 of CMV was identified as an important determinant in B. juncea because B. juncea were systemically infected with RNA2-containing pseudo-recombinants; CMV-Co6, R/6/R, and R/6/6 were systemically infected B. juncea. Subsequently, the amino acids of the 2a and 2b proteins were compared, and a chimeric clone was constructed. The chimeric virus R/6Rns/R6cp, containing the C-terminal region of the 2a protein of CMV-Rs1, still infects B. juncea. It is the 2a protein that determines the systemic CMV infection in B. juncea, suggesting that conserved 160G and 214A may play a role in systemic CMV infection in B. juncea.
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Araujo, João Batista Silva, Mateus Cupertino Rodrigues, Luisa Bastos Rodrigues, Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos, and Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez. "Nitrogen fertilization of coffee: organic compost and Crotalaria juncea L." Revista Ceres 60, no. 6 (December 2013): 842–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2013000600013.
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Information concerning the response of coffee to organic fertilizers is scarce. This study evaluates the effect of different doses of compost and Crotalaria juncea L. on growth, production and nitrogen nutrition of coffee trees. The treatments consisted of compost at rates of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended fertilization, with or without the aerial part of C. juncea. C. juncea was grown with NH4-N (2% 15N) and applied to coffee. The use of C. juncea increased growth in height and diameter of the coffee canopy. In the first year, the percentage of N derived from C. juncea reached 8.5% at seven months and 4.1% at fifteen months after fertilization. In the second year, the percentage of N derived from C. juncea reached 17.9% N at the early harvest, five months after fertilization. Increased rates of compost increased pH , P , K , Ca , Mg , sum of bases , effective CEC, base saturation and organic matter and reduced potential acidity. 15N allowed the identification of the N contribution from C. juncea with percentage of leaf N derived from Crotalaria juncea from 9.2 to 17.9%.
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Rahayu, Sayekti Kurnia, Supriyadi Supriyadi, Supriyono Supriyono, Retno Wijayanti, Retno Bandriyati Arni Putri, and Retno Bandriyati Arni Putri. "Keanekaragaman serangga pengunjung bunga pada tanaman tumpang sari kedelai dengan tanaman orok-orok (Crotalaria juncea)." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 15, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.15.1.23.
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Tumbuhan berbunga dapat meningkatkan populasi serangga polinator, yang sekaligus berperan penting dalam meningkatkan hasil tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh tumpang sari Crotalaria juncea dengan kedelai terhadap keanekaragaman serangga pengunjung bunga dan polinator alami terhadap hasil kedelai. Penelitian dirancang pada petak tunggal, dengan perlakuan: tanpa C. juncea (kontrol), penanaman C. juncea mengelilingi lahan kedelai, penanaman C. juncea setiap 5 baris kedelai, dan penanaman C. juncea setiap 10 baris kedelai. Pengaruh polinator alami terhadap hasil kedelai diamati melalui penyungkupan tanaman dengan jaring serangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa penanaman C. juncea dapat meningkatkan keanekaragaman serangga pengunjung bunga. Indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi 2,37 tercatat pada petak penanaman C. juncea setiap 10 baris kedelai. Keanekaragaman serangga pengunjung bunga terbanyak, yaitu 18 spesies ditemukan pada perlakuan penanaman C. juncea setiap 5 baris kedelai. Serangga pengunjung bunga yang dominan adalah Coccinella transversalis, Apis mellifera, Xylocopa virginica, Megachile parientina, Megachile relativa, Ropalidia fasciata, dan Vespa sp. Polinator alami (tanpa sungkup) dapat meningkatkan jumlah polong 30,11%, jumlah biji 44,63%, dan berat biji per tanaman 15,44% sehingga berperanan penting pada hasil kedelai.
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Delić, Lidija. "Modeling potential of epic heroes: The case of the duke Momčilo." Kultura, no. 174-175 (2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2275037d.
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The Bulgarian hajduk (rebel) and later Byzantine despot and sebastokrator, the epic "Duke Momčilo", is a figure who left a big mark on South Slavic epic singing, among other things, as a fictional uncle of Marko Kraljević. He is one of the few people who remained in folklore memory for over six centuries. Biographical elements determined the later singing about this hero ("tall as a minaret"; death at the gates of a closed city), and key details of the established epic biography undoubtedly determined the range of Momchil՚s domains and his further appearance in epic patterns, mostly in Bulgaria.
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Gan, Y., S. S. Malhi, S. A. Brandt, and C. L. McDonald. "Assessment of seed shattering resistance and yield loss in five oilseed crops." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07028.
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Use of appropriate harvest management can minimize the yield loss of crucifer crops due to seed and pod shattering. This study determined the difference among five canola/mustard species in the degree of resistance to seed shattering and yield losses. Sinapis alba yellow mustard AC Base, Brassica juncea canola Amulet, Brassica juncea mustard Cutlass, Brassica rapa canola Hysyn, and Brassica napus canola InVigor 2663 were grown at Star City, Scott and Swift Current, SK, from 2004 to 2006. Seed yield was highest for napus canola (2146 kg ha-1), followed by juncea mustard (1971 kg ha-1) and juncea and rapa canola, while alba mustard (1547 kg ha-1) was the lowest. Straight combining compared with swathing resulted in 13% greater seed yield for juncea canola and juncea mustard, and 7% greater for rapa canola, while napus canola did not show yield difference between the two operation regimes. Under high shattering conditions, juncea mustard shed about 400 pods m-2, significantly greater than the four other species. Rapa canola had the lowest number of shed pods. Juncea mustard and napus canola had largest yield loss (about 7% of the total seed yield) during straight combining, followed by alba mustard (5%), and rapa and juncea canola (< 4%). Selection of shattering resistant species and use of straight combining can minimize seed yield losses in the production of crucifer oilseed crops. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, swathing, straight–combine
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Gerber, G. H. "Suitability of Brassica juncea (Brassicaceae) as a host plant for oviposition for Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-053.
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The suitability of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern as a host plant for oviposition for Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) was measured by comparing egg laying on five experimental lines or cultivars of this species with that on B. napus L. (cv. AC Excel, a suitable host) in no-choice or choice tests during a 14-d period in the greenhouse and field. Egg laying was measured indirectly by counting newly hatched nymphs emerging from the plants. The numbers of nymphs emerging from B. juncea (cv. Cutlass) and four experimental lines of B. juncea were about two to ten times lower than from B. napus, indicating that L. lineolaris females lay fewer than half as many eggs on the former species than on the latter species and that B. juncea as a species is a poor host plant for oviposition. The inflorescence was the preferred region of the plant for oviposition on B. napus but not on B. juncea. The numbers of nymphs emerging from the inflorescence of B. juncea (cv. Cutlass) were 8.4 times lower than from the inflorescence of B. napus, indicating that the differences in oviposition on these species were due to the presence of an antixenosis-type of plant resistance factor(s) in the inflorescence of B. juncea. Key words: Insecta, Miridae, Lygus lineolaris, oviposition, resistance, Brassica juncea, B. napus
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Tavares, W. S., I. Cruz, R. B. Silva, M. L. C. Figueiredo, F. S. Ramalho, J. E. Serrão, and J. C. Zanuncio. "Soil organisms associated to the weed suppressant Crotalaria juncea (fabaceae) and its importance as a refuge for natural enemies." Planta Daninha 29, no. 3 (September 2011): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582011000300001.
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Soil organisms play an important role in organic crops of Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) and are associated with the natural conservation of the environment. The present study was aimed to investigate the population of soil organisms in the organic culture of C. juncea, as well as its importance as a refuge for natural enemies. Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Diabrotica sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Lagria villosa (Coleoptera: Lagriidae), Melanotus sp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Nephilidae), Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Myrmicidae), Phyllophaga sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), Procornitermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae), Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) were identified in C. juncea. The organisms that were found during a 3-month period in 144 trenches in C. juncea were pest species (84.47%) and natural enemies (15.53%) as well. Natural enemies had an average of 11.89 individuals per 1.08 m³ of soil cultivated with C. juncea. The abundance of organisms in the pod stage (5.49%) of C. juncea was lower than that in the vegetative (83.50%) and flowering (11.01%) stages. Crotalaria juncea plants can be used as part of a crop system for Integrated Pest Management.
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SANDOVAL-ORTEGA, MANUEL HIGINIO. "Taxonomy of Bouteloua juncea and Bouteloua triaena, two species confused for more than a century." Phytotaxa 612, no. 3 (September 6, 2023): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.3.2.
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The genus Bouteloua is native to America and is one of the most important groups in North America grasslands. Bouteloua juncea is one of the only two species of this genus endemic to the Antilles. However, B. juncea has erroneously been reported for Mexico due to a confusion between this species and B. triaena. The objective of this work was to review the nomenclature of B. juncea and B. triaena to clarify the origin of the confusion between both taxa. The names Dinebra cristata, Triaena racemosa and Triathera gracilis are lectotypified, a morphological description and a distribution map of Bouteloua juncea are presented, and taxonomic comments are provided on Bouteloua juncea and B. triaena to clarify the origin of the confusion between these two taxa.
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Sinurat, Theresia Geraldin, and Nigar Pandrianto. "Pembentukan Personal Branding Content Creator Melalui Media Sosial." Koneksi 7, no. 2 (October 5, 2023): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/kn.v7i2.21361.
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TikTok is one of the social media platforms preferred by the public. Social media has given rise to a new profession called content creator. They can unintentionally or intentionally form personal branding and create public perceptions. Researchers chose one of TikTok's content creators, Junita Eka Pertiwi, with the account name @jntexs. In her content, Junita discusses horror films, cases, tips and tricks about everyday life. Researchers analysed the personal branding carried out by Junita on social media platforms. he results showed that content creators have applied eleven personal branding criteria based on Hubert K. Rampersad's concept, namely authenticity, integrity, consistency, specialisation, authority, privilege, relevance, visibility, persistence, good deeds, and performance. Junita also brings out her character through a slogan. Media sosial TikTok merupakan salah satu platform media sosial yang disukai oleh masyarakat. Media sosial telah memunculkan adanya profesi baru yang disebut content creator atau pembuat konten. Mereka dapat secara tidak sengaja maupun sengaja membentuk personal branding dan menimbulkan persepsi masyarakat. Peneliti memilih salah satu content creator TikTok, Junita Eka Pertiwi dengan nama akun @jntexs. Dalam kontennya, Junita membahas tentang film horor, kasus, tips dan trik seputar kehidupan sehari-hari. Peneliti menganalisa personal branding yang dilakukan oleh Junita dalam platform media sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa content creator telah menerapkan sebelas kriteria personal branding berdasarkan konsep Hubert K. Rampersad yaitu keotentikan, integritas, konsistensi, spesialisasi, otoritas, keistimewaan, relevan, visibilitas, kegigihan, perbuatan baik, dan kinerja. Junita juga memunculkan karakter melalui slogan.
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Francescato, E., M. Tindo, S. Turillazzi, and A. Dejean. "Nest and brood recognition inBelonogaster juncea juncea(Hymenoptera Vespidae)." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 6, sup1 (January 1994): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.1994.10721973.
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Mir, Zahoor Ahmad, Sajad Ali, Anshika Tyagi, Prashant Yadav, N. Chandrashekar, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Saleh Alansi, and Anita Grover. "Comparative Analysis of Powdery Mildew Disease Resistance and Susceptibility in Brassica Coenospecies." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041033.
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Erysiphe cruciferarum, a causative agent of powdery mildew disease, has emerged as a serious threat in Brassica juncea and its closely related species. To date, no resistant cultivars have been identified in Brassica species against powdery mildew. Here, we used histopathological, biochemical, and molecular approaches to elucidate the powdery mildew disease progression and host responses in three Brassica cenospecies, namely B. juncea, Camelina sativa, and Sinapis alba. Based on the results of disease progression, S. alba was found to be extremely resistant to powdery mildew infection, whereas B. juncea and C. sativa were highly vulnerable. In addition, the disease spread rate to uninfected parts was comparatively higher in B. juncea and C. sativa. Histopathological results revealed more pathogen-induced cell death in B. juncea and C. sativa compared to S. alba. We also examined the role of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in B. juncea, C. sativa, and S. alba after powdery mildew infection. Based on our findings, the enzyme activity of SOD, POD, and CAT was relatively higher in S. alba then that of B. juncea and C. sativa after powdery mildew infection. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression levels of salicylic acid (SA) signature genes, including pathogenesis-related protein viz., PR1, PR2, and PR5 in B. juncea, C. sativa, and S. alba after E. cruciferarum infection. Based on our findings, the expression levels of SA marker genes PR1, PR2, and PR5 increased in all three species after infection. However, the fold change was relatively higher in S. alba than in B. juncea and C. sativa. In future, further studies are required to identify the potential candidates in S. alba that are involved in powdery mildew disease resistance.
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Kaur, Parwinder, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Host Range and Phylogenetic Relationships of Albugo candida from Cruciferous Hosts in Western Australia, with Special Reference to Brassica juncea." Plant Disease 95, no. 6 (June 2011): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0765.
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White rust, caused by Albugo candida, is a serious pathogen of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) worldwide and poses a potential hazard to the presently developing canola-quality B. juncea industry in Australia. Nine isolates of A. candida, representing strains collected from B. juncea, B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. tournefortii, Raphanus raphanistrum, R. sativa, Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Sisymbrium irio, from different locations in Western Australia (W.A.), were tested on cruciferous host differentials to characterize their pathogenicity. In particular, these studies were aimed to determine the hazard to the newly emerging B. juncea industry in Australia from races or pathotypes of A. candida present. Pathogenicity tests with appropriate differentials demonstrated the presence in W.A. of a unique strain from B. rapa that did not show characteristics of either race 7A or 7V and clearly is a distinct new pathogenic strain within race 7. Different strains collected from W.A. differed in their host range, with the strains from B. tournefortii and S. irio being highly host specific, failing to be pathogenic on any other differentials. B. tournefortii was host to a strain attacking B. juncea and E. vesicaria subsp. sativa. The strain from R. raphanistrum showed a relatively wide host range among the differentials tested. B. tournefortii, C. bursa-pastoris, R. raphanistrum, and S. irio are common weeds within grain belt and horticultural regions in Australia. The B. oleracea isolate (race 9) was pathogenic to B. juncea ‘Vulcan’ whereas the isolate from B. juncea (race 2V) was not pathogenic on B. oleracea. Similarly, the strain from C. bursa pastoris (race 4) was pathogenic on B. juncea Vulcan but the B. juncea strain was not pathogenic on C. bursa pastoris. In contrast, the strain from R. sativus (race 1) was pathogenic on B. juncea and the B. juncea strain was also pathogenic on R. sativus. Field isolates from B. rapa, B. tournefortii, E. vesicaria subsp. sativa, and S. irio were all nonpathogenic on B. juncea. Isolates from B. juncea and R. raphanistrum were pathogenic on B. napus (FAN 189). For the nine A. candida isolates from W.A., complete rDNA internal transcribed spacer region nucleotide sequence analysis showed a nucleotide identity range of 72.4 to 100% in comparison with previous Australian collections of A. candida and those previously reported in Europe and Asia. The B. tournefortii isolate of A. candida from W.A. formed a distinct clade on its own, with an identity range of 77.4 to 80.5% compared with the other isolates. Isolates from R. raphanistrum and R. sativus from W.A. were least similar to the other isolates, with a nucleotide identity similarity of only 72.4%. Characterization of the races of A. candida in Western Australia adds to the current knowledge regarding the diversity of this pathogen, allows choice of Brassica spp. or cultivars with resistance to races across different regions, and highlights the particular cruciferous weeds involved in pathogen inoculum carryover between successive cruciferous crops, particularly B. juncea crops.
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Rahayu, Yekti Sri, Tatik Wardiyati, and Moch Dawam Maghfoer. "Pengaruh sistem monokultur dan tumpangsari antara sayuran dan Crotalaria juncea L. terhadap akumulasi Pb, biomassa, dan hasil tanaman." AGROMIX 12, no. 2 (September 21, 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v12i2.2583.
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Intercropping system that involves planting multispecies between accumulator plants and cultivated plants is a way to improve the phytoextraction of heavy metals in agricultural land simultaneously. However, how the effect of accumulator plants on the growth and yield of cultivated plants has not been widely studied. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of vegetables intercropped with accumulator plants from the legume group, namely Crotalaria juncea L. The study was carried out using a randomized block design with one factor, namely Chinese vegetable monoculture (P1), bean vegetable monoculture (P2), and accumulator plant monoculture. Crotalaria juncea L. (P3), an intercropping system between Chinese cabbage and Crotalaria juncea L. (P4; and an intercropping system of beans and Crotalaria juncea L (P5). The results showed that in Chinese cabbage, monoculture planting produced biomass and crop yields. per plant and per plot was higher than the crops grown by intercropping. In the bean crop, monoculture and intercropping systems did not provide differences in biomass yield and fruit yield per plant and per plot. Crotalaria juncea L, which was grown in monoculture produced plant biomass and the yield of the stove per square is higher gi compared to those planted by intercropping. Crotalaria juncea L. intercropped with Chinese cabbage was able to accumulate more Pb in the roots, while Crotalaria juncea intercropped with chickpeas accumulated higher Pb in the stems. Crotalaria juncea plants grown in monoculture accumulated higher Pb than those intercropped with vegetables, so further research is needed to test the effective removal of Pb using other cropping systems.
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Amari, Taoufik, Aymen Souid, Rim Ghabriche, Mauro Porrini, Stanley Lutts, Gian Attilio Sacchi, Chedly Abdelly, and Tahar Ghnaya. "Why Does the Halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Better Tolerate Ni Toxicity than Brassica juncea: Implication of Antioxidant Defense Systems." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030312.
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The implication of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative systems in response to Ni was evaluated in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum in comparison with the metal tolerant glycophyte species Brassica juncea. Seedlings of both species were hydroponically subjected during 21 days to 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM NiCl2. Growth parameters showed that the halophyte M. crystallinum was more tolerant to Ni than B. juncea. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased to a higher extent in B. juncea than in M. crystallinum. Antioxidant enzymesactivities were differently affected by Ni in both species. Nickel increased shoot superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in B. juncea, whereas these activities were reduced in M. crystallinum when exposed to metal stress. The root SOD, APX and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased upon Ni treatments for both species. The content of non-enzymatic antioxidative molecules such as glutathione, non-protein thiols and proline increased in Ni-treated plants, except for GSH content in the shoot of B. juncea. Based on the oxidative balance, our findings confirm the higher tolerance of the halophyte M. crystallinum to Ni-induced oxidative stress comparatively to B. juncea. We suggest that M. crystallinum is able to overcome the produced ROS using the non-enzymatic system, while Ni-induced oxidative stress was more acute in B. juncea, leading this species to mainly use the enzymatic system to protect against reactive oxygen species.
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Iqbal, M. C. M., S. R. Weerakoon, H. D. N. Geethanjalie, P. K. D. Peiris, and O. V. D. S. J. Weerasena. "Changes in the fatty acids in seeds of interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and Brassica juncea." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 5 (2011): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09324.
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Mustard (Brassica juncea) accessions from Sri Lanka have a fatty acid profile (FAP) dominated by the undesired erucic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to develop B. juncea lines with canola-quality FAP, carrying reduced erucic acid (<1%) and increased oleic acid (>50%). To improve the FAP, B. juncea accessions were hybridised with spring-type canola (B. napus) varieties grown in Australia. Interspecific crosses between three B. napus cultivars (♂) and B. juncea accessions (♀) gave crossability of 50–65%. Embryo culturing on Lichter medium overcame post-germination barriers to obtain F1 plants. Culturing of ovules 21 days after pollination was successful and embryos were independent of hormones in the culture medium and directly developed into plants. Seeds of interspecific hybrids had a FAP different from parental values, particularly for oleic and erucic acids. The low oleic acid (13%) in B. juncea increased to 23–26% in hybrids and high erucic acid in B. juncea (41%) declined to 21–23% in hybrids. Linoleic and linolenic acids showed little variation from parental values. FAP of F1 hybrids shifted towards that of canola quality. The F2 seeds had zero erucic acid and high oleic acid similar to or exceeding the canola parent. Successful interspecific hybridisation of B. juncea and B. napus was confirmed by altered FAP and molecular markers. Embryo rescue in interspecific hybrids of B. juncea and B. napus is a simple, powerful biotechnological tool to increase genetic diversity and transcend species barriers to transfer desired genes, between the species. By implementing a crossing strategy, there is a potential to improve the FAP of Sri Lankan mustard towards the canola type.
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Tan, Piaopiao, Chaozhen Zeng, Chang Wan, Zhe Liu, Xujie Dong, Jiqing Peng, Haiyan Lin, Mei Li, Zhixiang Liu, and Mingli Yan. "Metabolic Profiles of Brassica juncea Roots in Response to Cadmium Stress." Metabolites 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11060383.
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Brassica juncea has great application potential in phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil because of its excellent Cd accumulating and high biomass. In this study, we compared the effects of Cd under 48 h and 7 d stress in roots of Brassica juncea using metabolite profiling. The results showed that many metabolic pathways and metabolites in Brassica juncea roots were altered significantly in response to Cd stress. We found that significant differences in levels of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and indoles were induced by Cd stress at different times, which played a pivotal role in the adaptation of Brassica juncea roots to Cd stress. Meanwhile, Brassica juncea roots could resist 48 h Cd stress by regulating the biosynthesis of amino acids, linoleic acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporters, arginine biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism; however, they regulated alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporters, and linoleic acid metabolism to resist 7 d Cd stress. A metabolomic expedition to the response of Brassica juncea to Cd stress will help to comprehend its tolerance and accumulation mechanisms of Cd.
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Habib, Muhammad, and Aris Fauzan. "Implikasi Hukum Kata Junāha Dalam Khuluk dan Rujuk (Studi pada Q.S. Al-Baqarah : 229 – 230 dalam Tafsir Al Qurthubi)." Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 17, no. 6 (November 20, 2023): 4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v17i6.2805.
Full textAbstract:
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna kata Junāha dan implikasi hukumnya dalam urusan khuluk dan rujuk yang terdapat dalam QS Al-Baqarah Ayat 229 –230. tentang penafsiran Al-Qur'an. Penelitian kepustakaan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan kritis. Temuan dalam artikel ini adalah: Pertama, kata Junāha dalam kasus khuluk menjelaskan bahwa perempuan dapat menebus dirinya dengan mengembalikan sejumlah mahar yang telah diterimanya. Kedua, kata Junāha dalam konteks rujukan menjelaskan bahwa laki-laki dan perempuan yang telah bercerai diperbolehkan kembali ke rumah tangganya sebelum masa iddahnya berakhir. Ketiga, baik dalam perkara khuluk maupun rujukan, pelaksanaan kata Junāha sangat ditentukan oleh nilai-nilai kepantasan yang berlaku di masyarakat (al 'urf).
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Ferreira, Alexandre Cunha de Barcellos, and Fernando Mendes Lamas. "Espécies vegetais para cobertura do solo: influência sobre plantas daninhas e a produtividade do algodoeiro em sistema plantio direto." Revista Ceres 57, no. 6 (December 2010): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2010000600013.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção, a persistência e os efeitos de coberturas vegetais sobre as plantas daninhas e a produtividade do algodoeiro em sistema plantio direto. Os tratamentos consistiram das espécies de cobertura: milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown), Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard, sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), capim-pé-de-galinha (Eleusine coracana L. Gaerth), Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), P. glaucum + C. juncea, P. glaucum + C. spectabilis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea, B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis, S. bicolor + C. juncea, S. bicolor + C. spectabilis, E. coracana + C. juncea, E. coracana + C. spectabilis, A. strigosa + R. sativus, P. glaucum + R. sativus e pousio. As espécies foram semeadas no final do verão, após a colheita de soja, e o algodoeiro BRS 269-Buriti, nove meses após. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As espécies B. ruziziensis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea, B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis e P. glaucum + R. sativus produziram mais de 6,8 t ha-1 de biomassa seca. A palhada produzida pela B. ruziziensis garantiu boa cobertura do solo durante o ciclo do algodoeiro. A biomassa seca de B. ruziziensis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea e B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis reduziu a infestação de plantas daninhas até a época de semeadura do algodão e durante os estádios iniciais de seu desenvolvimento. Palhas de R. sativus e A. strigosa, solteiras e consorciadas, interferiram negativamente na produtividade do algodoeiro.
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Kjellström, C. "Comparative growth analysis of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea under Swedish conditions." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-102.
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Indian cultivars of Brassica juncea were tested in field experiments at the research farm of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, to determine their agronomic performance under Swedish climatic conditions. In this study, production and development of a B. juncea cultivar of Indian origin and a Swedish B. napus cultivar were compared in a growth analysis during 1987–1990. Plants were harvested at approximately weekly intervals from emergence to maturity, and separated into leaves, stems, pods and seeds. Area indices of leaves, stems and pods were calculated, and dry weight of each plant component was determined. On an average of 4 yr, the total growing period was similar for both cultivars, 107 d or ca. 1030 growing degree days (GDD), with an earlier onset and a shorter duration of flowering for B. juncea. Dry weights of all vegetative plant components, especially stems, reached higher maximum levels in the highly branched B. juncea cultivar than in the B. napus cultivar. By the end of the flowering stage, B. napus had accumulated a significantly higher percentage of final total dry matter than B. juncea. After flowering, the crop growth rate was significantly higher in B. juncea, 0.54 g m−2 GDD−1, than in B. napus. Seed yield level was similar in both species, and in year 1990 ca. 2.2 t ha−1 was harvested. Key words: Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, growth analysis, area index
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Silva, Andréia Cristina da, Edson Kiyoharu Hirata, and Patrícia Andréa Monquero. "Produção de palha e supressão de plantas daninhas por plantas de cobertura, no plantio direto do tomateiro." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 1 (January 2009): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000100004.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de palha, a capacidade de supressão de plantas daninhas e o efeito de plantas de cobertura do solo na produtividade do tomateiro rasteiro (Lycopersicon esculentum), em plantio direto. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: Crotalaria juncea, Stizolobium aterrimum, Pennisetum glaucum, C. juncea + P. glaucum, C. juncea + S. aterrimum, P. glaucum + S. aterrimum, plantas espontâneas e sem cobertura vegetal. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A produtividade do tomateiro não foi influenciada pelas culturas de cobertura. C. juncea apresentou maior competitividade que P. glaucum, quando semeados em consórcio, com maior acúmulo de matéria seca (63%). A espécie S. aterrimum apresentou desenvolvimento inicial lento e foi pouco competitiva em solos com elevada infestação de plantas daninhas. P. glaucum e C. juncea isoladas e consorciadas entre si ou com S. aterrimum produziram acima de 20 Mg ha-1 de matéria seca e reduziram a emergência e acúmulo de matéria seca de plantas daninhas, na cultura do tomateiro rasteiro.
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Muhammad, Aslam P., Rawal Pinkey, C. Ramesh, and G. Chaitra. "Evaluation of Antidiarrheal properties of ethanol extract of Brassica juncea in experimental animals." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 2-S (April 15, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2-s.4615.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-diarrheal potentials of ethanol extract of Brassica juncea in albino rats.
Materials and methods: The defatted powder of whole plant of Brassica juncea subjected to extraction using ethanol in soxhlet apparatus. The acute oral toxicity was studied for ethanol extract according to OECD guidelines 425. The antidiarrheal properties of ethanol extracts was assessed against castor oil induced diarrhea, magnesium sulfate induced diarrhea and charcoal passage test in albino wistar rats.
Results: The ethanol extract of Brassica juncea has effectively reversed diarrhea. The extract at higher dose 400mg/kg shows significant reduction the number of feces against castor oil induced and MgSO4 induced diarrhea. In charcoal passage test, higher dose of ethanol extract also shown significant reduction in the distance travelled.
Conclusion: The result obtained establish the efficiency of ethanol extract of Brassica juncea as antidiarrheal agent
Keywords: Brassica juncea, castor oil, magnesium sulphate, charcoal passage test.
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Sharma, Arti, Ritika Sharma, Rohit Arora, Saroj Arora, Bikram Singh, and Upendra Sharma. "Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Eruca sativa and Brassica juncea Seeds by UPLC-DAD and UPLC-ESI-QTOF." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 9 (September 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200927.
Full textAbstract:
Eruca sativa and Brassica juncea belong to the Brassicaceae family and have been used traditionally for the treatment of cancer and various cardiovascular ailments. A rapid and simple ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of erucin, allyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate in E. sativa and B. juncea oil. Eruca sativa oil contains erucin (28.93%), allyl isothiocyanate (0.06%) and benzyl isothiocyanate (0.70%). Identification of other secondary metabolites in E. sativa and B. juncea oil and aqueous methanolic extracts were also carried out using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization-quadrupole time of flight (UPLC-ESI-QTOF). The UPLC-ESI-QTOF based study leads to the identification of ten compounds in B. juncea oil and three compounds in E. sativa oil. The UPLC-ESI-QTOF analysis of aqueous methanolic extracts of E. sativa and B. juncea leads to the identification of eight and nine compounds, respectively.
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Yang, Jinghua, Dongyuan Liu, Xiaowu Wang, Changmian Ji, Feng Cheng, Baoning Liu, Zhongyuan Hu, et al. "The genome sequence of allopolyploid Brassica juncea and analysis of differential homoeolog gene expression influencing selection." Nature Genetics 48, no. 10 (September 5, 2016): 1225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3657.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Brassica genus encompasses three diploid and three allopolyploid genomes, but a clear understanding of the evolution of agriculturally important traits via polyploidy is lacking. We assembled an allopolyploid Brassica juncea genome by shotgun and single-molecule reads integrated to genomic and genetic maps. We discovered that the A subgenomes of B. juncea and Brassica napus each had independent origins. Results suggested that A subgenomes of B. juncea were of monophyletic origin and evolved into vegetable-use and oil-use subvarieties. Homoeolog expression dominance occurs between subgenomes of allopolyploid B. juncea, in which differentially expressed genes display more selection potential than neutral genes. Homoeolog expression dominance in B. juncea has facilitated selection of glucosinolate and lipid metabolism genes in subvarieties used as vegetables and for oil production. These homoeolog expression dominance relationships among Brassicaceae genomes have contributed to selection response, predicting the directional effects of selection in a polyploid crop genome.
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De Oliveira, Mauro Wagner, Rajan Bhatt, Dalmo de Freitas Santos, Vitória Regina Viana Dos Santos, Reinaldo de Alencar Paes, Glauber José de Castro Gava, and Gino Francisco De Lima Neto. "Ciclagem de nutrientes pela crotalária juncea e taxa de crescimento e produção de forragem pela cana-de-açúcar RB867515." Caderno Pedagógico 21, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 770–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv21n1-040.
Full textAbstract:
No presente estudo foram avaliadas, na cana-de-açúcar de ano e meio, a ciclagem de nutrientes pela crotalária juncea, o estado nutricional e a produção de forragem pela variedade RB867515. No início da primavera, o solo foi arado, gradeado e subsolado, semeando-se a seguir a crotalária juncea. Em fevereiro do ano subsequente a semeadura, a crotalária juncea foi incorporada ao solo, sulcando-se o terreno para o plantio da RB867515. A adubação verde com crotalária juncea nas áreas de implantação da RB867515 resultou em melhorias das propriedades física, químicas e biológicas do solo. Os elementos mais reciclados pela crotalária juncea foram o nitrogênio e o potássio, com valores médios de 319 e 245 kg por hectare, respectivamente. A RB867515 estava com teores de nutrientes na folha +3 considerados adequados. No sistema de produção adotado, a RB867515 teve alta produtividade, com acúmulo de forragem ultrapassando 160 t de matéria natural por hectare, cerca de 50 t de matéria seca por hectare.
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Thomsen, Tamara. "SYNTHESIS OF AN AMPHIDIPLOID BRASSICA SPECIES." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1116c—1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1116c.
Full textAbstract:
Stock species of Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra were crossed with the intention of synthesizing the amphidiploid species Brassica juncea. Of the stock species, a diploid and a tetraploid were given of both the B. rapa (Aaa and Aaaaa) and the B. nigra (Bbb and Bbbbb). However the identity of these was concealed, and they were presented as 1A 1, 1A2, 1A3, and 1A4. The objective of this experiment was not only to synthesize the species B. juncea (Abaabbb), but to determine the identity of 1A1, 1A2, 1A3, and 1A4 as to which of these were the diploid and tetraploid species, and to test the synthesized B. juncea by crossing it with the natural, male sterile B. juncea.
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Kashin, Alexandr, Ivan Schanzer, Tatyana Kritskaya, and Alena ParkhomenkO. "Phylogenetic relationships between Chondrilla L. species in European Russia based on plastid DNA sequencing." BIO Web of Conferences 11 (2018): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181100021.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the genetic diversity in 54 populations of 9 Chondrilla species (C. acantholepis, C. ambigua, C. brevirostris, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea, C. laticoronata, C. latifolia, and C. pauciflora) in European Russia. Plastid DNA segments trnT–trnF are selected as markers. Reconstruction of evolutionary networks based on the principle of maximum parsimony reveals that the sample is divided into four groups, where group 1 is C. ambigua, 2 – C. brevirostris, 3 – C. laticoronata, 4 – C. acantholepis, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea, and C. latifolia. The findings show that C. acantholepis, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea and C. latifolia are to be treated as synonyms under the name of C. juncea.
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Arena, Katia, Francesco Cacciola, Laura Dugo, Paola Dugo, and Luigi Mondello. "Determination of the Metabolite Content of Brassica juncea Cultivars Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled with a Photodiode Array and Mass Spectrometry Detection." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051235.
Full textAbstract:
Plant-based foods are characterized by significant amounts of bioactive molecules with desirable health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family consists of 350 genera; among them, Brassica is the most important one, which includes some crops and species of great worldwide economic importance. In this work, the metabolite content of three different cultivars of Brassica juncea, namely ISCI Top, “Broad-leaf,” and ISCI 99, was determined using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection. The analyses were carried out under reversed-phase conditions in both dimensions, using a combination of a 250-mm microbore cyano column and a 50-mm RP-Amide column in the first and second dimension (2D), respectively. A multi (three-step) segmented-in-fraction gradient for the 2D separation was advantageously investigated here for the first time, leading to the identification of 37 metabolites. In terms of resolving power, orthogonality values ranged from 62% to 69%, whereas the corrected peak capacity values were the highest for B. juncea ISCI Top (639), followed by B. juncea “Broad-leaf” (502). Regarding quantification, B. juncea cv. “Broad-leaf” presented the highest flavonoid content (1962.61 mg/kg) followed by B. juncea cv. ISCI Top (1002.03 mg/kg) and B. juncea cv. ISCI 99 (211.37 mg/kg).
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Costa, Dora dos Santos, Carla Caroline Amaral Da Silva, Ida Carolina Neves Direito, and Cristiane Pimentel Victório. "In vitro development of green manures: phytotoxicity and remediation of 2,4-D / Desenvolvimento in vitro de adubos verdes: fitotoxicidade e remediação de 2,4-D." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 5 (May 25, 2022): 40551–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n5-507.
Full textAbstract:
Evaluation of phytoremediation capacity under aseptic, controlled conditions can be achieved with the use of plant tissue cultures as a model, eliminating interference from the physical environment. Herein, we developed an in vitro culture protocol for green manures of Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis and Canavalia ensiformis, each of which contributes to a sustainable cropping system. In particular, we studied their behavior in the presence of the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Disinfection of C. juncea seeds was efficient, and plantlets presented the best development of roots, stem and leaves. Thus, subsequent experiments were conducted only with C. juncea. For 2,4-D tolerance tests, C. juncea seedlings were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid media under the following concentrations of 2,4-D: 0 (control), 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 for a 30-day period. After this period, MS culture media for C. juncea was analyzed by HPLC for quantification of residual 2,4-D. C. juncea development was observed to be sensitive to 2,4-D toxicity; however it was observed 2,4-D reduction in the media. Nonetheless, field assays are still necessary to evaluate the feasibility of using it as a phytoremediator, as well as determine the influence of environmental and plant density variables on 2,4-D absorption capacity from soil.
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Shen, Shulin, Yunshan Tang, Chao Zhang, Nengwen Yin, Yuanyi Mao, Fujun Sun, Si Chen, et al. "Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Provide Insight into Seed Coat Color in Brassica juncea." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137215.
Full textAbstract:
The allotetraploid species Brassica juncea (mustard) is grown worldwide as oilseed and vegetable crops; the yellow seed-color trait is particularly important for oilseed crops. Here, to examine the factors affecting seed coat color, we performed a metabolic and transcriptomic analysis of yellow- and dark-seeded B. juncea seeds. In this study, we identified 236 compounds, including 31 phenolic acids, 47 flavonoids, 17 glucosinolates, 38 lipids, 69 other hydroxycinnamic acid compounds, and 34 novel unknown compounds. Of these, 36 compounds (especially epicatechin and its derivatives) accumulated significantly different levels during the development of yellow- and dark-seeded B. juncea. In addition, the transcript levels of BjuDFR, BjuANS,BjuBAN, BjuTT8, and BjuTT19 were closely associated with changes to epicatechin and its derivatives during seed development, implicating this pathway in the seed coat color determinant in B. juncea. Furthermore, we found numerous variations of sequences in the TT8A genes that may be associated with the stability of seed coat color in B. rapa, B. napus, and B. juncea, which might have undergone functional differentiation during polyploidization in the Brassica species. The results provide valuable information for understanding the accumulation of metabolites in the seed coat color of B. juncea and lay a foundation for exploring the underlying mechanism.
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Axelsson, T., C. M. Bowman, A. G. Sharpe, D. J. Lydiate, and U. Lagercrantz. "Amphidiploid Brassica juncea contains conserved progenitor genomes." Genome 43, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g00-026.
Full textAbstract:
To perform a detailed study of genome evolution in the natural Brassica amphidiploid B. juncea, we have constructed two linkage maps based on RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) markers; one generated from a cross between a resynthesized B. juncea (a chromosome doubled interspecific B. rapa × B. nigra hybrid) and a natural B. juncea cultivar, the other from a cross between two B. juncea cultivars. By using a common cultivar in both crosses, the two maps could be unambiguously integrated. All loci exhibited disomic inheritance of parental alleles in the natural × resynthesized cross, showing that B. rapa chromosomes paired exclusively with their A-genome homologues in B. juncea and that B. nigra chromosomes likewise paired with their B-genome homologues. The maps derived from the two crosses were also perfectly collinear. Furthermore, these maps were collinear with maps of the diploid progenitor species (B. nigra and B. rapa) produced using the same set of RFLP probes. These data indicate that the genome of B. juncea has remained essentially unchanged since polyploid formation. Our observations appear to refute the suggestion that the formation of polyploid genomes is accompanied by rapid change in genome structure.Key words: RFLP, comparative mapping, Brassica rapa, Brassica nigra, genome evolution.
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Tang, Bing, Bao-Hui Zhang, Chuan-Yuan Mo, Wen-Yuan Fu, Wei Yang, Qing-Qing Wang, Ning Ao, et al. "Comparative Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanisms Underlying the Glucosinolate Metabolic Response in Leaf Brassica juncea L. under Cold Stress." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071922.
Full textAbstract:
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are not only a unique flavor substance from leaf B. juncea but also a major secondary metabolite produced in response to abiotic stresses. Cold stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses in leaf B. juncea; however, the metabolic response pattern of GSLs in leaf B. juncea under cold stress has not yet been reported. In the present study, we analyzed the GSLs content of leaf B. juncea under cold stress and found that it increased and subsequently decreased. According to RNA-seq data, genes related to the synthesis of aliphatic GSLs were significantly upregulated following 24 h of cold stress; genes related to the synthesis of indole GSLs were significantly upregulated following 48 h of cold stress; and BjBGLU25 and BjBGLU27 were significantly upregulated. Further analysis of the correlation between transcription factors and GSLs content revealed that MYB, ERF, IQD, and bHLH may be involved in regulating the GSLs response pattern in leaf B. juncea under cold stress. In particular, an unreported transcription factor, BjMYBS3 (BjuVA05G33250), was found to play a possible role in the synthesis of aliphatic GSLs. And the external application of GSLs increased the ability of leaf B. juncea to cope with cold stress.
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Sarita sharma, Dr Sarita Sharma. "Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas guguanensis, izolirana iz območja rudnikov, pomaga pri zeleni sanaciji kadmija z Brassica juncea: obetaven okoljski trajnostni pristop." Acta Biologica Slovenica 67, no. 1 (June 7, 2024): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.67.1.18608.
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The aim of this study was to investigate how metal-tolerant rhizobacteria isolated from the mine area and landfill site influence the phytoremediation efficacy of B. juncea plants in metal-contaminated soils. Out of four cadmium-tolerant rhizobacteria, isolate SMHMZ4 showed the promising phytoextraction efficacy of B. juncea. Isolate SMHMZ4 was identified as Pseudomonas guguanensis and submitted to NCBI GenBank under accession number MZ145097. These rhizobia were reported for the first time to support metal-Cd phytoremediation using B. juncea. Compared with the non-inoculated control, SHMMZ4 treatment significantly improved the germination of B. juncea seeds and increased soluble heavy metals in soil by 7.78 times. Growth and health parameters, pigment and metal accumulation in roots and shoots of isolate SHMMZ4 inoculated B. juncea grown in individual soil contaminated with 94.95 μg g-1 CdCl2 were significantly increased. Pot experiments showed that SHMMZ4 could transfer heavy metals from soil to roots, from roots to shoots and the values of translocation coefficient, bioconcentration coefficient, and bioaccumulation coefficient were 1.28, 1.22, and 1.72, respectively, which were significantly higher than the non-inoculated control. In the present study it is demonstrated that the amendments of rhizobacteria to B. juncea is believed to be a more promising method for green remediation of cadmium.
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CAMBAÚVA, VINÍCIUS, FÁBIO TIRABOSCHI LEAL, and LEANDRO BORGES LEMOS. "CRESCIMENTO, PRODUTIVIDADE E PALHADA DE MILHO EXCLUSIVO E CONSORCIADO COM CROTALÁRIAS EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 18, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v18n1p99-111.
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RESUMO – A escolha da espécie de crotalária associada ao adequado espaçamento entrelinhas de milho possibilitao retorno econômico com o cereal e os benefícios dos adubos verdes. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar ocrescimento e desempenho agronômico do milho, a quantidade e o acúmulo de nitrogênio na palhada provenientesdos sistemas de cultivo de milho exclusivo e consorciado com Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis e Crotalariaochroleuca e a mistura dessas espécies (“mix”). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, emesquemas de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por dois espaçamentosentrelinhas de milho: 0,45 e 0,90 m. As subparcelas foram compostas por cinco sistemas de cultivo: milho exclusivo;milho + C. juncea; milho + C. spectabilis; milho + C. ochroleuca; milho + “mix” (C. juncea, C. spectabilis e C.ochroleuca). O consórcio com a C. juncea reduz a produtividade do cereal. No entanto, sua utilização no “mix” éviável. Os espaçamentos de 0,45 e 0,90 m não influenciam o crescimento e a produtividade do milho, e a palhada dossistemas de cultivo. Os consórcios com crotalárias proporcionam maior quantidade de palhada em comparação aomilho exclusivo, embora o acúmulo de nitrogênio não seja alterado.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, adubos verdes.GROWTH, YIELD AND STRAW OF EXCLUSIVE AND INTERCROPPED MAIZEWITH CROTALARIAS IN DIFFERENT ROW SPACINGSABSTRACT - The choice of the crotalaria species associated to the adequate maize row spacing allows the economicreturn with the cereal and the benefits of the green fertilizers. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate thegrowth and agronomic performance of maize, the amount and nitrogen accumulation in the straw from the exclusiveand intercropped systems of maize with Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria ochroleuca, andthe mixture of these species (“mix”). A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The plotswere composed of two maize row spacings, 0.45 and 0.90 m. The subplots were constituted of five systems: exclusivemaize; maize + C. juncea; maize + C. spectabilis; maize + C. ochroleuca; maize + “mix” (C. juncea, C. spectabilis andC. ochroleuca). The consortium with C. juncea reduced cereal productivity. However, its use in the “mix” is feasible.Rows spacings of 0.90 and 0.45 m did not affect maize growth and yield, and straw of systems. The consortium withcrotalaria provided more straw compared to exclusive maize, although the N accumulation did not change.Keywords: Zea mays L., Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, green manure crops.
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Schelfhout, C. J., R. Snowdon, W. A. Cowling, and J. M. Wroth. "Tracing B-genome chromatin in Brassica napus × B. juncea interspecific progeny." Genome 49, no. 11 (November 2006): 1490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-103.
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We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques to demonstrate the presence of Brassica B-genome chromosomes and putative B-genome introgressions in B. napus × B. juncea interspecific progeny. The B-genome - specific repeat sequence pBNBH35 was used to generate PCR products and FISH probes. The highest frequencies of viable progeny were obtained when B. napus was the maternal parent of the interspecific hybrid and the first backcross. B-genome - positive PCR assays were found in 34/51 fertile F2 progeny (67%), which was more than double the proportion found in fertile BC1 progeny. Four B-genome - positive F2-derived families and 1 BC1-derived family were fixed or segregating for B. juncea morphology in the F4 and BC1S2, respectively, but in only 2 of these families did B. juncea-type plants exhibit B. juncea chromosome count (2n = 36) and typical B-genome FISH signals on 16 chromosomes. The remaining B. juncea-type plants had B. napus chromosome count (2n = 38) and no B-genome FISH signals, except for 1 exceptional F4-derived line that exhibited isolated and weak B-genome FISH signals on 11 chromosomes and typical A-genome FISH signals. B. juncea morphology was associated with B-genome - positive PCR signals but not necessarily with 16 intact B-genome chromosomes as detected by FISH. B-genome chromosomes tend to be eliminated during selfing or backcrossing after crossing B. juncea with B. napus, and selection of lines containing B-genome chromatin during early generations would be promoted by use of this B-genome repetitive marker.
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Tindo, M., and A. Dejean. "Dominance hierarchy in colonies of Belonogaster juncea juncea (Vespidae, Polistinae)." Insectes Sociaux 47, no. 2 (May 2000): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00001695.
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Schelfhout, C. J., J. M. Wroth, G. Yan, and W. A. Cowling. "Enhancement of genetic diversity in canola-quality Brassica napus and B. juncea by interspecific hybridisation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 10 (2008): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07425.
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Reciprocal crosses were made between Brassica napus cv. Mystic (canola) and B. juncea JN29 (near canola quality). The F1 hybrids were selfed and backcrossed in all possible combinations to parent plants. The greatest number of selfed fertile progeny were obtained when Mystic was the maternal parent, and its F1 was most successful in backcrosses to Mystic or JN29 as maternal or paternal parent. The predominant morphological type of fertile progeny was B. napus, but several B. juncea morphological types occurred in F2 and BC1-derived lines. F2 : 3 and BC1S0 : 1 progeny showed transgressive segregation for agronomic and seed quality traits in two contrasting field environments. Several of the B. juncea-type progeny had improved seed quality (lower total seed glucosinolates and higher % oleic acid) over the B. juncea parent. Selfing of interspecific hybrids between canola-quality B. napus and B. juncea has the potential to greatly enhance genetic diversity in canola-quality progeny of both species, without the loss of donor alleles that normally occurs with repeated backcrossing.
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Kapoor, Singh, Kaur, Bhardwaj, Zheng, and Sharma. "Modulation of the Functional Components of Growth, Photosynthesis, and Anti-Oxidant Stress Markers in Cadmium Exposed Brassica juncea L." Plants 8, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8080260.
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Abstract: Heavy metals (including Cadmium) are being entered into the environment through various sources and cause toxicity to plants. Response of Brassica juncea L. var. RLC-1 was evaluated after exposing them to different concentration of cadmium (Cd) for seven days. Seeds of B. juncea were treated with different concentrations of Cd like 0.2–0.6 mM for 7 days, allowing them to grow in Petri-dishes, and seedlings were examined for different physiological responses. Following exposure to Cd, in the seedlings of B. juncea, growth parameters (root and shoot length), stress markers (lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content), secondary metabolites, photosynthetic pigments, and ion analysis, were estimated along with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. We observed a significant reduction in root and shoot length after Cd treatment as compared to control seedlings. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents were increased accompanied by enhanced Cd uptake. Activities of antioxidative enzymes were also significantly altered following Cd exposure to the seedlings of B. juncea. Conclusively, we suggest that Cd exposure to the seedlings triggered an induction of several defense responses in B. juncea including major metabolites.
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Lecheva, Ivanka, and Anna Karova. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CHONDRILLA JUNCEA L. (ASTERACEAE) (Literature Review)." Agricultural sciences 1, no. 2 (2009): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2009.02.001.
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Zlatanović-Marković, Valentina. "Anthropological aspects of the characters' identity in a novel "Impure blood" by Bora Stanković." Glasnik Antropoloskog drustva Srbije 56, no. 1-2 (2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gads56-28382.
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In light that the novel "Impure Blood" by Borisav Stanković covers the events, family and social relations, in the defined area, a small-town in the south of Serbia, at specific time, from 1850 to 1900, so make it possibly to research the aspects of human life as the central point of the turmoil of that time and that space. In interpretations of the parts from the novel "Impure Blood", the writer's attitude towards individual human fates in social situations in Vranje, after liberation from the Turks, can be seen. The anthropological aspect of the problem issue is addressed to the main figures (Effendi-Mita and Landlord /"Gazda"/ Marko) of the social communities given in the novel, urban and rural, but also to their descendants. In this novel, Bora Stanković described a series of tragic fates of the characters who were often in disgrace of unwritten rules of their background and inherited patterns of manners. Bora's characters experienced a drama of identity due to the collapse of merchant families that had a prominent and privileged place in the small-town, but also because of the collision with new times that spreading rural families into town. This led to the mixing of two worlds in which money began to determine social relations and to disrupt self-reliance of personality. Therefore, all these circumstances further complicate the role of an unfinished man looking for his identity, confirming or denying the personal need and experience of ancestors. Stanković's characters are in deep discord with themselves and others, and as such they proved incapable and weak to struggle for their own identity. The paper is also dealing with possible reasons for such choice of the characters.
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SMITH, SARAH, and DONALD W. SCHAFFNER. "Evaluation of a Predictive Model for Clostridium perfringens Growth during Cooling." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 1133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1133.
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Proper temperature control is essential in minimizing Clostridium perfringens germination, growth, and toxin production. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service offers two options for the cooling of meat products: follow a standard time-temperature schedule or validate that alternative cooling regimes result in no more than a 1-log CFU/g increase of C. perfringens and no growth of Clostridium botulinum. The Juneja 1999 model for C. perfringens growth during cooling may be helpful in determining whether the C. perfringens performance standard has been achieved, but this model has not been extensively validated. The objective of this study was to validate the Juneja 1999 model under a variety of temperature situations. The Juneja 1999 model for C. perfringens growth during cooling is fail safe when low (<1 log CFU/ml) or high (>3 log CFU/ml) observed increases occur during exponential cooling. The Juneja 1999 model consistently underpredicted growth at intermediate observed increases (1 to 3 log CFU/ml). The Juneja 1999 model also underpredicted growth whenever exponential cooling took place at two different rates in the first and second portions of the cooling process. This error may be due to faster than predicted growth of C. perfringens cells during cooling or to an inaccuracy in the Juneja 1999 model.
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Cvetković, Raisa. "Duhovna smrt kao individualizovana sudbina likova u pripovetkama A. P. Čehova i Laze K. Lazarevića." Obrazovanje i vaspitanje 18, no. 20 (2023): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/obrvas18-47988.
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Glavni predmet istraživanja ove studije bio je da ispitamo duhovnu smrt junaka, percipiranu kao temu i individualizovanu sudbinu likova u pripovetkama A. P. Čehova i Laze K. Lazarevića. U uvodnom delu studije ukazujemo na to, da se u tesnoj vezi sa pojmom duhovne smrti junaka nalaze medicinska, filozofska i književna tumačenja tanatologije i tanatoloških motiva. U središnjem delu rada najpre je objašnjen pojam duhovne smrti kao neizlečivo stanje neuroza, depresije, stresova i posttraumatskih stanja, koji doprinose nastanku poremećaja depersonalizacije, derealizacije i hronične depresije. Drugi deo središnjeg dela rada daje uvid u konkretne primere junaka za koje se može vezati pojam duhovne smrti u pripovetkama Čehova i Lazarevića. U završnom delu ukazano je na sličnosti i razlike u pripovedačkom postupku dvojice autora, kada je tema duhovne smrti kao sudbina junaka u pitanju.
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Li, C. X., K. Sivasithamparam, G. Walton, P. Salisbury, W. Burton, Surinder S. Banga, Shashi Banga, et al. "Expression and relationships of resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) at cotyledonary, seedling, and flowering stages in Brassica juncea germplasm from Australia, China, and India." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 3 (2007): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06237.
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White rust (Albugo candida) is a highly destructive disease of oilseed Brassicas such as Brassica juncea and B. rapa. Most commercial B. juncea or B. rapa varieties are highly susceptible and yield losses from combined infection of leaves and inflorescences can be up to 20% or 60% in Australia and India, respectively. In Australia, canola-quality B. juncea has been developed to extend oilseed Brassica production into lower rainfall areas, with the first commercial B. juncea canola-quality variety planned for release in 2006. It is essential to identify useful sources of host resistance in B. juncea as breeding and/or selection of material for resistance is the most cost-effective method of delivering control for farmers. Three experiments were undertaken under controlled-environmental conditions to identify the best methods of characterising host resistance and to identify sources of resistance in B. juncea germplasm from Australia, China, and India. Forty-four B. juncea genotypes, viz. 22 from India, 12 from Australia, and 10 from China, were tested. Four Chinese genotypes (CBJ-001, CBJ-002, CBJ-003, CBJ-004) and one Australian genotype (JR049) consistently showed high resistance to A. candida across the different plant growth stages against a pathotype prevailing in Australia. Similarly, the most susceptible genotypes (viz. Indian genotypes RH781, RL1359, RH819) were extremely susceptible irrespective of the plant growth stage. Overall, although disease severity on cotyledons and leaves at the different growth stages was significantly and positively correlated, there was, however, no significant correlation between the number of stagheads and any of the other disease parameters measured. Our study demonstrates that controlled-environmental conditions are suitable for rapid identification of resistant genotypes and that genotypes with high levels of resistance can be reliably identified at the cotyledonary, seedling, or flowering stages.
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Mazzola, Mark, Jack Brown, Antonio D. Izzo, and Michael F. Cohen. "Mechanism of Action and Efficacy of Seed Meal-Induced Pathogen Suppression Differ in a Brassicaceae Species and Time-Dependent Manner." Phytopathology® 97, no. 4 (April 2007): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-4-0454.
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The effect of seed meals derived from Brassica juncea, B. napus, or Sinapis alba on suppression of soilborne pathogens inciting replant disease of apple was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Regardless of plant source, seed meal amendment significantly improved apple growth in all orchard soils; however, relative differences in pathogen suppression were observed. All seed meals suppressed root infection by native Rhizoctonia spp. and an introduced isolate of Rhizoctonia solani AG-5, though B. juncea seed meal often generated a lower level of disease control relative to other seed meal types. When introduction of the pathogen was delayed until 4 to 8 weeks post seed meal amendment, disease suppression was associated with proliferation of resident Streptomyces spp. and not qualitative or quantitative attributes of seed meal glucosinolate content. Using the same experimental system, when soils were pasteurized prior to pathogen infestation, control of R. solani was eliminated regardless of seed meal type. In the case of B. juncea seed meal amendment, the mechanism of R. solani suppression varied in a temporal manner, which initially was associated with the generation of allylisothiocyanate and was not affected by soil pasteurization. Among those tested, only B. juncea seed meal did not stimulate orchard soil populations of Pythium spp. and infection of apple roots by these oomycetes. Although application of B. napus seed meal alone consistently induced an increase in Pythium spp. populations, no significant increase in Pythium spp. populations was observed in response to a composite B. juncea and B. napus seed meal amendment. Suppression of soil populations and root infestation by Pratylenchus spp. was dependent upon seed meal type, with only B. juncea providing sustained nematode control. Collectively, these studies suggest that use of a composite B. juncea and B. napus seed meal mixture can provide superior control of the pathogen complex inciting apple replant disease relative to either seed meal used alone.
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He, Jing, Xiaohong He, Pingan Chang, Huaizhong Jiang, Daping Gong, and Quan Sun. "Genome-wide identification and characterization of TCP family genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida." PeerJ 8 (May 14, 2020): e9130. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9130.
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Background Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/proliferating cell factors (TCPs) are plant-specific transcription factors widely involved in leaf development, flowering, shoot branching, the circadian rhythm, hormone signaling, and stress responses. However, the TCP function in Brassica juncea var. tumida, the tumorous stem mustard, has not yet been reported. This study identified and characterized the entire TCP family members in B. juncea var. tumida. Methods We identified 62 BjTCP genes from the B. juncea var. tumida genome and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, protein motifs, chromosome location, and expression profile in different tissues. Results Of the 62 BjTCP genes we identified in B. juncea var. tumida, containing 34 class I and 28 class II subfamily members, 61 were distributed on 18 chromosomes. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that the same clade genes displayed a similar exon/intron gene structure and conserved motifs. Cis-acting element results showed that the same clade genes also had a similar cis-acting element; however, subtle differences implied a different regulatory pathway. The BjTCP18s members were low-expressed in Dayejie strains and the unswelling stage of Yonganxiaoye strains. Treatment with gibberellin (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) showed that GA and SA affect the expression levels of multiple TCP genes. Conclusion We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP gene family of B. juncea var. tumida. Our results have provided valuable information for understanding the classification and functions of TCP genes in B. juncea var. tumida.
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Ying, Rongrong, Bing Xia, Xiaowen Zeng, Rongliang Qiu, Yetao Tang, and Zhewei Hu. "Adsorption of Cadmium by Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr in Pot Experiment." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010429.
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Heavy metal pollution in farmland threatens human life. It is not clear whether crops can adsorb heavy metals. In this study, the cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Chinese cabbage Brassica pekinensis (cv. Xiaoza-56) and the known Cd-accumulator Brassica juncea in hydroponics and pot experiment were investigated. Furthermore, we evaluated their potential on the phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil. The hydroponics with 1–50 μM Cd concentrations showed that both B. juncea and B. pekinensis had high Cd accumulation and tolerance with translocation factor closed to 1 at Cd levels < 25 μM. The pot study conducted with 5 to 100 mg Cd kg−1 soil indicated that B. juncea showed less tolerance and accumulation to Cd than B. pekinensis, especially at higher Cd levels. The bioconcentration factor was much higher than 1 in both B. juncea and B. pekinensis grown in <40 mg Cd kg−1 soil without showing biomass reduction. In the model evaluation, the ability of B. juncea and B. pekinensis to reduce the initial soil Cd concentration of 20 and 5 mg kg−1 to specific targets with a lower or higher biomass of 4 or 20 t ha−1, respectively. The above results indicate that B. juncea and B. pekinensis (cv. Xiaoza-56), which the latter is a better candidate for Cd phytoextraction in moderated Cd-contaminated soil. The results provide a reference for Cd pollution control.
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Costa, M. A., W. S. Tavares, A. I. A. Pereira, I. Cruz, J. E. Serrão, and J. C. Zanuncio. "Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on organically grown Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae)." Planta Daninha 30, no. 3 (September 2012): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582012000300001.
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Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae can avoid foraging on plants of Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) after the issuance of floral buds, when the prey of Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) incorporate toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from this plant. This reduces the predation and favors increasing the number of adults and eggs of this defoliator on crops of this plant. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate some biological and ecological aspects of C. externa and U. ornatrix on the organic crop of C. juncea in the EMBRAPA Maize and Sorghum in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Chrysoperla externa and U. ornatrix were more abundant in the vegetative and flowering stages of C. juncea, respectively, with caterpillars of this defoliator feeding on leaves and seeds of this plant. The duration of the stages/instars, survival, lifetime fecundity, and oviposition showed that the branches of C. juncea are a suitable food for U. ornatrix. The abundance of adults and larvae of C. externa was lower in the flowering and pods stages of C. juncea, respectively, when the postures of U. ornatrix are present, probably due to the toxicity of the eggs of this prey to this predator. During these stages, C. externa may be reared with alternative hosts, and when the crops of C. juncea are scarce, an artificial diet should be used for rearing this defoliator in the laboratory for biological research and the development of biological control tactics.
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LOVE, H. K., G. RAKOW, J. P. RANEY, and R. K. DOWNEY. "DEVELOPMENT OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE MUSTARD." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-049.
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The objective of this study was to develop low glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.). This was accomplished through an interspecific cross between an Indian type 3-butenyl glucosinolate containing B. juncea selection and a "Bronowski-gene(s)" containing low glucosinolate B. campestris L. followed by backcrossing to the B. juncea parent. Seed of BC1F2 plants, and selected plants of BC1F3 and BC1F4 generations were analyzed for glucosinolate content by gas chromatography. Total aliphatic glucosinolate contents of individual BC1F2 plants ranged from 57 to 204 μmol g−1 meal. A single BC1F3 plant grown from the BC1F2 plant with the lowest glucosinolate content, identified as 1058, was found to contain less than 1 μmol g−1 meal of total aliphatic glucosinolates. The glucosinolate content in individual plants of the BC1F4 generation of plant 1058 ranged from 0.8 to 2.9 μmol g−1 meal. Field grown progeny of 1058 at three locations in 1987 and at one location in 1988 in Saskatchewan contained less than 10 μmol g−1 meal of total aliphatic glucosinolates. Therefore, the low glucosinolate characteristic of selection 1058 can be considered genetically stable. Progeny of plant 1058 had plant morphology and seed coat reticulation of B. juncea, but poor fertility (< 5 seeds per pod). The development of this low glucosinolate plant is an achievement that should allow the breeding of canola quality oilseed B. juncea mustard.Key words: Mustard, glucosinolate, Brassica juncea, interspecific cross
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Bell, J. M., and G. Rakow. "Trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid in oil-extracted meals from seeds of several Brassica species and of Sinapis alba." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas96-061.
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A total of 124 seed samples representing strains and cultivars of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, B. carinata, and Sinapis alba were selected for assays of trypsin inhibitor (TI) and phytic acid (PA). On an oil-extracted basis the TI values ranged from 1.26 to 5.31 units g−1. Values for B. napus ranked highest (3.58, 3.61) and B. juncea lowest (1.26, 1.39, 1.56) (P < 0.05). In a comparison of PA in three cultivars (B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea), the cultivars differed in PA contents (2.52, 2.94, 2,70, respectively), there were no year-to-year differences over 4 yr (2.56, 2.67 2.68 vs. 2.96) but there were significant location effects (2.12, 2.21 vs. 3.04, 3.42). In a set of 10 cultivars replicated themes, B. juncea PA contents (3.35–3.91) exceeded those of B. napus (2.92, 3.06), and B. carinata (2.72, 3.15) Sinapis alba had the lowest value (2.49). Bronowski (B. napus), the gene source of all low glucosinolate cultivars, contained the most TI (5.31 units g−1) and the least PA (1.93%). Key words: Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, Brassica, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, Sinapis alba