Academic literature on the topic 'Julien (Firm : Paris, France)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Julien (Firm : Paris, France)"

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Serina, Florent. "C. G. JUNG’S ENCOUNTER WITH HIS FRENCH READERS. THE PARIS LECTURE (MAY 1934)." Phanes: Journal For Jung History, no. 1 (November 19, 2018): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32724/phanes.2018.serina.

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This article recounts a little-known episode in C. G. Jung’s life and in the history of analytical psychology: Jung’s visit to Paris in the spring of 1934 at the invitation of the Paris Analytical Psychology Club (named ‘Le Gros Caillou’), a stay marked by a lecture on the ‘hypothesis of the collective unconscious’ held in a private setting and preceded by an evening spent in Daniel Halévy’s literary salon with some readers and critics. KEYWORDS collective unconscious; France; Julien Green; Daniel Halévy; Lucien Lévy-Bruhl; Ernest Seillière.
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Trindade-Chadeau, Angélica. "Julien Damon, Questions sociales et questions urbaines, Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 2010, 384 p., 20 €." Agora débats/jeunesses N° 59, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/agora.059.0122b.

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Lavoie, Jean-Jacques. "Les partis religieux en Israël Julien Bauer Coll. «Que sais-je?» Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1991. 126 p." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 21, no. 3 (September 1992): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842989202100334.

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Shamshur, Oleh. "Ukraine–France: Contemporary Cooperation." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-31.

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In 2014, in the course of the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine consciously opted for European values. Thus, cooperation with one of the founding member states of the EU bears strategic importance. The author believes that the the interaction between the two countries is based on ancient relations between France and Ukraine. Apart from political relations, France and Ukraine are bound by creative endeavours of many artists. After celebrating the 25th anniversary since the establishment of diplomatic relations between our countries, the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine and France opened an exhibition dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the foundation of Ukrainian diplomatic service. The author stresses that France was the first Western state with which Ukraine signed the 1991 Interstate Agreement on Mutual Understanding and Cooperation. Moreover, it was in Paris where the Charter of Paris for a New Europe was signed, the document which allowed Ukraine to join the CSCE as a full-fledged member. Taking into account the current development in the east of Ukraine, the author underscores that France and Germany were the initiators of the Normandy Format negotiations. France consistently supports the territorial integrity of Ukraine, while not recognising the annexation of Crimea and takes a firm stand towards Russia. The author mentions the establishment of the France-Ukraine friendship group, headed by Valerie For-Muntean. Apart from political cooperation, economic ties between the two states are also gaining momentum. Nowadays, Ukraine is examining modern initiatives of France in ecology, energy efficiency, etc. The article outlines the interation of the two states in the educational sphere. France is encouraging numerous riveting projects intercultural projects displaying the best specimens of modern Ukrainian art. New intercultural contacts are also gaining ground. The author highlights the main events held at the culture and information centre of the Embassy and reports about the multidisciplinary festival Week-End a l’Est – Kyiv. Yet another recent development has been the inauguration of the web platform Nouvelle Ukraine, whose aim is to raise awareness about Ukraine in France, contribute to the positive image of the country, and build economic and cultural contacts. According to the author, the cooperation of Ukraine and France is only beginning to gain momentum and has infinite potential. Keywords: France, Ukraine, the EU, France-Ukraine friendship group, Ukrainian-French ties.
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Barry, Catherine. "Comptes rendus / Reviews of books: Les Juifs hassidiques Julien Bauer Coll. «Que sais-je?», 2830 Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1994. 128 p." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 24, no. 4 (December 1995): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842989502400410.

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Cœuré, Sophie. "Julien CHUZEVILLE, Un court moment révolutionnaire. La création du Parti communiste en France (1915-1924) , Paris, Libertalia, « Ceux d’en bas », 2017, 536 p." Le Mouvement Social 272, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): XVIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lms.272.0159r.

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Sarfati, Hedva. "Questions sociales : analyses anglo-saxonnes – Socialement incorrect ?, Par Julien Damon, Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 2009, 240 p., ISBN 978-2-13-957918-9." Relations industrielles 66, no. 1 (2011): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005115ar.

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Courty, Guillaume. "Boelaert (Julien), Michon (Sébastien), Ollion (Étienne) – Métier : député. Enquête sur la professionnalisation de la politique en France . – Paris, Raisons d’agir, 2017, 152 p. Figures." Revue française de science politique Vol. 67, no. 6 (February 23, 2018): III. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.676.1215c.

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Baillargeon, Taïka. "DAMON, Julien et PAQUOT, Thierry (2014) Les 100 mots de la ville. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 128 p. (ISBN 978-2-13-063211-5)." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 58, no. 165 (2014): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033020ar.

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Filion, Pierre. "DAMON, Julien (dir.) (2008) Vivre en ville : Observatoire mondial des modes de vie urbains. Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 251 p. (ISBN 978-2-13-056884-1)." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 53, no. 148 (2009): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038151ar.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Julien (Firm : Paris, France)"

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Menou, Hervé. "La prise de possession de l'espace et la projection vers l'avenir dans l'oeuvre de Julien Gracq." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120103.

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Un regard sur l'ensemble de l'oeuvre gracquienne est désormais possible. Prenant acte du fait que J. Gracq cesse d'écrire des textes de fiction à partir de 1970, on peut définir les caractéristiques de l'investissement du moi et les lignes de force de l'imaginaire en prenant en compte les versants romanesques, poétiques, critiques, autobiographiques. Pour cerner avec précision les modalités d'écriture du moi gracquien, il est nécessaire d'étudier la façon avec laquelle l'écrivain se situe par rapport à la littérature et la figure emblématique d'A. Breton. L'écriture gracquienne n'ignore pas, comme dans l'autobiographie traditionnelle, les fliations entendues au sens strict du terme, ou celles plus proprement littéraires, construites ou imaginées. Le texte gracquien propose un modèle du souvenir assez classique mais son auteur n'entreprend à aucun moment le récit complet de sa vie intime, il offre, par le jeu de l'écriture fragmentaire, une image littéraire et parfois ambiguë du moi. Ce travail de composition littéraire trouve sa pleine signification dans une relation intime au temps et à l'espace ; tout d'abord dans les représentations de l'enfance présentées comme de véritables mythes personnels, d'autre part, l'écriture autobiographique gracquienne est très fortement tributaire d'un rapport à l'histoire. L'étude de la relation du moi à l'espace met à jour des données nouvelles : l'espace urbain, au premier chef la ville de Nantes, offre des possibilités de projections imaginaires constantes dans l'oeuvre qui sont aisément repérables depuis un Beau ténébreux. En cheminant dans la vie et la littérature, Gracq accorde une importance croissante aux représentations du moi et de la ville, mettant ainsi à jour le rapport de l'intimité aux grands thèmes de prédilection de l'oeuvre
It is now possible to have a global vision of gracq's works. As julien gracq stopped writing fiction after 1970, the features of the investment of the self and the main axes of the imaginary can be defined by taking into account the novelistic, poetic, critical, autobiographical aspects. In order to throughly understand the writing modes of the gracq self, it is necessary to study the writer's relationship towards literature and andre breton's emblematic figure. Like in traditional autobiographies, gracqian writing neither dismisses the filiations in the strict sense of the word nor the more literary ones, built and imagined. Gracqian writing proposes a somewhat classical pattern of memory, but the author never undertakes to make a complete narration of his private life; by means of a fragmentary style of writing, he offers a literary, sometimes ambiguous image of the self. This work of literary composition finds its full meaning in an intimate relation to time and space, first of all in the representations of childhood presented as true personal myths. On the other hand, gracqian autobiographical writing is extremely dependent on history. Studying the relation of the self to space reveals new data: the urban space, first of all the city of nantes, offers possibilities of imaginary projections, always present in the works, that have been easy to identify since un beau tenebreux. Strolling in life and literature, gracq grants growing importance to the representations of the self and the town, thus bringing to light the relation of privacy to the main favorite themes of his works
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Coursiéras, Cécile. "Poliet et Chausson (1901-1971). Ascension et déclin d'une grande entreprise cimentière française." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040072.

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L’industrie cimentière française possède une influence internationale considérable. L’entreprise Lafarge est aujourd’hui le numéro un mondial du ciment. Ses concurrents français sont tout aussi performants. On peut citer Vicat, entreprise familiale, ou la société Ciment Français, filiale du groupe Heidelberg-Italcementi. Ciments Français est une entreprise héritière du groupe Poliet et Chausson. En 1971, suite au rachat de la branche cimentière de Poliet et Chausson par Ciments Français, les départements des ciments des deux groupes fusionnent. Puis, Poliet et Chausson est transformée en société holding de distribution de matériaux de construction sous le nom de Poliet S.A. Elle est rachetée par Saint Gobain en 1996 et son nom disparaît. La firme a pourtant été la première entreprise française de ciment en 1930. C’est la monographie de cette entreprise que s’attache à retranscrire cette thèse. L’histoire de Poliet et Chausson au cours du XXe siècle est tortueuse. Par un effet d’aubaine, cette entreprise parisienne de matériaux de construction, profite de l’invention du marché du ciment pour devenir l’un des plus grands producteurs de ciment français au cours des années 1930. Sa trajectoire est parallèle à celle de l’entreprise Lafarge. Elle en diffère cependant par bien des points. Émaillée d’embûches, elle oscille entre des moments de succès considérables et des périodes plus troublées. Entre industrialisation et désindustrialisation, l’histoire de Poliet et Chausson s’écrit dans l’ombre de son concurrent plus brillant, Lafarge. Comment expliquer la réussite de l’un et la disparition de l’autre ?
The French cement industry has considerable international influence. Lafarge is now the world's largest cement company. Its French competitors are equally performing. These include Vicat, a family business, or Ciment Français, a subsidiary of the Italcementi group. Ciments Français is a company inheriting from the group Poliet and Chausson. In 1971, following the purchase of the cement sector of Poliet and Chausson by Ciments Français, the cement departments of the two groups merged. Then Poliet and Chausson was transformed into a holding company for the distribution of building materials under the name Poliet S.A. It was bought by Saint Gobain in 1996 and its name disappeared. The firm was, however, the first French cement company in 1930. This thesis attempts to transcribe the monography of Poliet and Chausson. The history of Poliet and Chausson during the twentieth century is tortuous. Through a windfall effect, this Parisian company of building materials, profits from the invention of the cement market to become one of the largest producers of French cement in the 1930s. Its trajectory is parallel to that of the Lafarge company. However, it differs in many aspects. It is fraught with obstacles, and oscillates between moments of considerable success and more troubled periods. Between industrialization and desindustrialization, the story of Poliet and Chausson is written in the shadow of its brighter competitor, Lafarge. How can we explain the success of the one and the disappearance of the other?
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Coursiéras, Cécile. "Poliet et Chausson (1901-1971). Ascension et déclin d'une grande entreprise cimentière française." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040072.

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L’industrie cimentière française possède une influence internationale considérable. L’entreprise Lafarge est aujourd’hui le numéro un mondial du ciment. Ses concurrents français sont tout aussi performants. On peut citer Vicat, entreprise familiale, ou la société Ciment Français, filiale du groupe Heidelberg-Italcementi. Ciments Français est une entreprise héritière du groupe Poliet et Chausson. En 1971, suite au rachat de la branche cimentière de Poliet et Chausson par Ciments Français, les départements des ciments des deux groupes fusionnent. Puis, Poliet et Chausson est transformée en société holding de distribution de matériaux de construction sous le nom de Poliet S.A. Elle est rachetée par Saint Gobain en 1996 et son nom disparaît. La firme a pourtant été la première entreprise française de ciment en 1930. C’est la monographie de cette entreprise que s’attache à retranscrire cette thèse. L’histoire de Poliet et Chausson au cours du XXe siècle est tortueuse. Par un effet d’aubaine, cette entreprise parisienne de matériaux de construction, profite de l’invention du marché du ciment pour devenir l’un des plus grands producteurs de ciment français au cours des années 1930. Sa trajectoire est parallèle à celle de l’entreprise Lafarge. Elle en diffère cependant par bien des points. Émaillée d’embûches, elle oscille entre des moments de succès considérables et des périodes plus troublées. Entre industrialisation et désindustrialisation, l’histoire de Poliet et Chausson s’écrit dans l’ombre de son concurrent plus brillant, Lafarge. Comment expliquer la réussite de l’un et la disparition de l’autre ?
The French cement industry has considerable international influence. Lafarge is now the world's largest cement company. Its French competitors are equally performing. These include Vicat, a family business, or Ciment Français, a subsidiary of the Italcementi group. Ciments Français is a company inheriting from the group Poliet and Chausson. In 1971, following the purchase of the cement sector of Poliet and Chausson by Ciments Français, the cement departments of the two groups merged. Then Poliet and Chausson was transformed into a holding company for the distribution of building materials under the name Poliet S.A. It was bought by Saint Gobain in 1996 and its name disappeared. The firm was, however, the first French cement company in 1930. This thesis attempts to transcribe the monography of Poliet and Chausson. The history of Poliet and Chausson during the twentieth century is tortuous. Through a windfall effect, this Parisian company of building materials, profits from the invention of the cement market to become one of the largest producers of French cement in the 1930s. Its trajectory is parallel to that of the Lafarge company. However, it differs in many aspects. It is fraught with obstacles, and oscillates between moments of considerable success and more troubled periods. Between industrialization and desindustrialization, the story of Poliet and Chausson is written in the shadow of its brighter competitor, Lafarge. How can we explain the success of the one and the disappearance of the other?
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Noordhuis-Fairfax, Sarina. "Field | Guide: John Berger and the diagrammatic exploration of place." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154278.

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Positioned between writing and drawing, the diagram is proposed by John Berger as an alternative strategy for articulating encounters with landscape. A diagrammatic approach offers a schematic vocabulary that can compress time and offer a spatial reading of information. Situated within the contemporary field of direct data visualisation, my practice-led research interprets Berger’s ‘Field’ essay as a guide to producing four field | studies within a suburban park in Canberra. My seasonal investigations demonstrate how applying the conventions of the pictorial list, dot-distribution map, routing diagram and colour-wheel reveals subtle ecological and biographical narratives.
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Books on the topic "Julien (Firm : Paris, France)"

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(Firm), RFR. RFR: 4, rue d'Enghien, 75010 Paris, France. Paris?]: [RFR?], 2005.

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Didier, Bondue, ed. Weber: Chronologie d'un logo fédérateur = Chronology of a unifying logo. Paris: Somogy, 2004.

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Kim, Seonwook. Once upon a time, in Paris-- _ecdm / France. Edited by ECDM (Architectural firm : Paris, France). Seoul: DAMDI, 2011.

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Blin, Pascale. Ed, architectes producteurs. Paris: A Tempera éditions, 1991.

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Cerval, Marguerite de. Marchak. Paris: Regard, 2006.

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France) Hermès (Firm : Paris. "Fushigi no kuni, Erumesu e no tabi" ten: Hermès un voyage au pays des merveilles. [Tokyo, Japan]: Seibu Hyakkaten, 1997.

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Coleno, Nadine. Le carré Hermès. Paris: Editions du Regard, 2009.

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Michael, Gunther Thomas, Thézy Marie de, and Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris., eds. Alliance photo, agence photographique 1934-1940: Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris, Hôtel de Lamoignon, 27 octobre 1988-9 janvier 1989. [Paris]: La Bibliothèque, 1988.

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Rocca, Federico. Hermès: L'avventura del lusso. Torino: Lindau, 2011.

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Blanckaert, Christian. Luxe. Paris: Cherche midi, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Julien (Firm : Paris, France)"

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Chadeau, Emmanuel. "Mass Retailing: A Last Chance for the Family Firm in France, 1945-90?" In Management And Business In Britain And France, 52–71. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198289401.003.0003.

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Abstract The emergence of mass retailing was a comparatively late development in France. At the end of the 1940s it accounted for only 8 per cent of retailing, and 7 per cent of food products. Forty years later, the figures were about 45 and 55 per cent respectively, while the volume of domestic final consumption had increased fourfold.1 At the beginning of the process, organized retailing prevailed only in Paris or in provincial cities where large department stores had been established between the reign of Napoleon III (1852-70) and the outbreak of the First World War, and in some less urbanized districts in the provinces, where pioneers had created a few chains of food shops (especially between 1890 and 1920), or set up co operatives accessible to affiliated semi-independent shopkeepers (be tween 1925 and 1939). But at the end of the 1980s 22.5 per cent of retailing was controlled by chains of supermarkets and hypermarkets ( ‘giant stores ‘) located for the most part in the suburbs and at main crossroads, while city-centre retailing experienced a major transformation.2 This tremendous change emerged from two processes: on the one hand a real revolution in consumption habits; and on the other an ‘Americani zation ‘ of the French ‘way of life ‘.
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Hoffman, Philip T., Gilles Postel-Vinay, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal. "The Diffusion of Banks." In Dark Matter Credit, 149–75. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182179.003.0007.

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This chapter challenges the claim that the spread of banks in France was delayed by the lack of an appropriate legal structure. Even if one acknowledges that Paris did not make the corporate form available soon enough, there were still other feasible forms of organization that could have done the trick. In France, a bank could be open and operate as a sole proprietorship, a partnership, a limited partnership, or even a limited partnership with tradable shares. Furthermore, the demand for the limited liability version of the joint stock firm was in any case low. Therefore, the lack of a joint stock limited liability firm was not a constraint that limited the creation of banks.
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Adelson, Robert. "Founding a workshop." In Erard, 9–18. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197565315.003.0003.

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Having obtained a crucial royal protection that allowed them to compete freely with their Parisian rivals, the Erard brothers concentrated on enlarging their workshop in order to meet the growing demand for their pianos—not only in Paris, but throughout France. The firm hired numerous skilled workers from German-speaking Europe, enticing them by offering a good salary and a stable contract. The success of the Erard firm depended on recruiting, training, and supervising their numerous employees, and stocking their workshops with great quantities of specialised raw materials for instrument manufacture. The Erards developed relationships with musical instrument dealers, musicians, and music teachers as an important way to extend their instrument-building empire across Europe.
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Sherry, Vincent. "Wyndham Lewis: L’Entre Deux Guerres." In Ezra Pound, Wyndham Lewis, and Radical Modernism, 91–139. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076936.003.0004.

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Abstract To purge “the bad effects of English education,” Wyndham Lewis set out in 1902, at the age of nineteen, to finish his schooling on continental ground. For six years he followed his instincts along the Franco-German axis we traced in the first chapter. In Munich (1902), he briefly entered a sphere already shaping the debates between the proponents of empathy and abstraction, Theodor Lipps and Wilhelm Worringer most prominently. He would return to the city for six months in 1906, two years before the publication of Worringer’s Abstraktion und Einfühlung. Yet the richest intellectual environment would prove to be Paris, where he arrived in 1903 and lived for most of the next five years. A singular, fiercely solitary figure, he moved on the distant fringes of Gertrude Stein’s circles. He attended the lectures of Henri Bergson at the College de France, including the sequence on comedy. Passing through the meetings of the ultraconservative Action Francaise, where he met Charles Maurras, he became “familiar,” his biographer Jeffrey Meyers avers, “with the work of contemporary French thinkers: Georges Sorel, Julien Benda, Charles Peguy, and Remy de Gourmont.”
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Garben, Sacha. "Article 189 TFEU." In The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.304.

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For a long time, space policy was pursued outside the EU framework either by MS individually or through independent cooperation structures, such as the European Space Agency (ESA). The intergovernmental ESA Convention was signed in Paris on 30 May 1975 by Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the UK and entered into force on 30 October 1980. While the EU’s involvement in space activities had been developing already since the 1980s, with the establishment of the Galileo and Copernicus space programmes at the turn of the millennium, these activities were only given a firm footing in the EU primary law by the ToL’s introduction of Article 189 TFEU.
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Pujol, Anton, and Anton Pujol. "Adapting Bolaño’s 2666 for the Stage: Rigola (2007), Falls (2016), and Gosselin (2016)." In Daring Adaptations, Creative Failures and Experimental Performances in Iberian Theatre, 159–74. Liverpool University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781802078015.003.0010.

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“Madness is contagious” ponders Amalfitano, one of the many characters in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666, posthumously published in 2004. Indeed, madness is one of the many recurrent motifs that are woven into the very thick fabric of the novel; and, as the reader is about to discover, madness spreads easily once it is unleashed. It might have affected Àlex Rigola and his collaborator Pablo Ley because they decided to adapt it for the stage. Such a feat would be considered an act of pure madness for anyone who has read the monumental work. Bolaño’s five-part, thousand page plus novel is a confusing, verbose, palimpsestic, disturbing and tangential opus. However, Rigola and Ley successfully, both artistically and commercially, achieved the unconceivable in a five hour-long production. More surprisingly, two more theatrical adaptations of the novel opened in 2016: in Chicago at the Goodman Theatre directed by Robert Falls and adapted by Seth Bockley and in France (Festival d’Avignon and Paris) adapted and directed by Julien Gosselin. For this chapter, having seen the three productions and after reviewing the different ways Bolaño’s novel was adapted, the author inquires into the nature of modern theatrical adaptation based on the creative desire of these three prominent directors to adapt Bolaño’s magnum opus.
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Hitt, Michael A., Jeffrey S. Harrison, and R. Duane Ireland. "Achieving Integration and Synergy." In Mergers and Acquisitions, 81–102. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195112856.003.0006.

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Abstract Based in Paris, France, Alcatel is the world’s fourth largest telecommunications manufacturer. Operating in over 130 countries, Alcatel provides “complete solutions and services to operators, service providers, enterprises and consumers, ranging from backbone networks to user terminals.”1 Until recently, the firm had a relatively small presence in the United States. Because of this market’s growth potential, Alcatel executives chose to execute a corporate-level strategy that requires the company to develop a more prominent position in the United States. Acquisitions are a principal means through which this objective is to be reached. Analysts believe that this strategy demonstrates Alcatel’s desire to leverage its current core competencies with closely controlled technologies and to be able to build products in its own facilitates that it had been purchasing from other networking companies.2
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Lukes, Igor. "Dangerous Relations: Beneš and Stalin in Hitler’s Shadow, 1933-1935." In Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler, 33–66. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195102666.003.0002.

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Abstract Edvard Benes had no illusion that his country could rely on its own strength alone. He fully shared Masaryk’s view that Czechoslovakia needed an ally on which it could always depend. That role was to belong to Paris. In the early 1920s France was the most important, and the mightiest, European power, and policymakers in Prague should have been delighted by clear signals that the French were ready to sign a diplomatic treaty with Czechoslovakia that would contain a firm military component. Others would have gladly seized the opportunity to tie their fate to that of the French superpower. But Masaryk and Benes saw that there were problems. They wanted French protection, but they were not at all eager for Czechoslovakia to become a pawn in a French militaristic scheme against Germany; they feared that Paris intended for Prague to play the role of a needle that was to cause discomfort, if not pain, in Berlin. This made no sense to them. After all, Czechoslovakia enjoyed good political relations with Weimar Germany in the early 1920s, and the two countries had strong economic ties as well. Masaryk and Benes saw no reason to sacrifice this situation in order to diminish French fears of German revenge. Moreover, Prague was worried that an agreement with Paris directed against Germany would only drive Berlin closer to Hungary, the source, from Prague’s perspective, of real danger. Although Germany had no claim on Czechoslovak territory, Hungary did.
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Wyss, Marco. "The Franco-Ivorian Cooperation Agreements." In Postcolonial Security, 62–90. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843023.003.0003.

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Félix Houphouët-Boigny’s plans to develop his country within the French Community were shattered when in late 1959 the Community came to an early end. In response, and in order to burnish his African nationalist and leadership credentials, he refused to remain in a ‘renovated’ Community and to enter into cooperation agreements with Paris prior to independence. This strongly irritated Charles de Gaulle, who wanted to retain France’s sphere of influence in Africa and was concerned that Houphouët-Boigny’s example could lead to challenges from other former colonies. But the Ivorian leader, flanked by his allies from the Council of the Entente, stood firm, and Côte d’Ivoire became independent in summer 1960. Moreover, he succeeded in forcing de Gaulle to abandon his plans for a common French-led defence in francophone Africa, and obtained from France bespoke defence and military assistance agreements for the Entente in spring 1961.
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Israel, Jonathan. "The Separation of Identities: The Twelve Years Truce." In The Dutch Republic, 399–420. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198730729.003.0017.

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Abstract Despite spectacular economic success since 1590, the United Provinces, as Oldenbarnevelt explained in 1606 in a letter to the Dutch envoy in Paris, had, since 1598, experienced serious problems in meeting the escalating cost of the war against Spain: ‘within the country matters are now proceeding with extreme difficulty, but we dare not raise taxation in the towns and villages any higher for fear of disturbances’.1 Holland’s Advocate added that ‘more than half of the inhabitants in the towns and countryside are inclined towards peace and ... should there be any further reverses, the rest will not remain firm, especially since the provinces have been stripped of all business, prosperity, and most of their navigation, by the [peace treaties] of France and England’. Here Oldenbarnevelt was referring to the increased impact of the Spanish embargoes on the Dutch economy, and diversion of traffic away from the Republic, since the revival of commerce between England and Spain following the treaty of 1604.
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