Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Juifs – Liban – 20e siècle'
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Damberger, Nathan. "« La tendre mère » : la formation identitaire des Juifs du Liban. Le rôle de l’Alliance Israélite Universelle au XXe siècle (1943-1975)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL048.
Full textThis thesis deals with the history of Lebanon’s Jewish community, in particular from the end of the French mandate period in 1943 and the creation of State of Israel in 1948 to its disintegration and dispersion in the aftermath of the 1967 Six-Day War. I will demonstrate the crucial place the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), the community’s main educational institution, occupies in the identity formation of its former members to this day. Based on our archival work and interviews conducted in today’s Lebanese-Jewish diaspora world-wide, I argue that the AIU in Lebanon was not only a primary agent of socialization but more importantly an institution that reinforced the notion of belonging to a distinct and primordial ethnic community. I explore the subjective awareness of ethnic belonging which is profoundly contingent and relational rather than intrinsic and essential. This is illustrated by the migratory experience of the former members of this community, an experience which led to a reevaluation of their self-conception and the relying of identity strategies in order to keep, change, transform or reject their previously established identities
Kfoury, Liliane. "Le commerce rural au Mont-Liban de 1894 à 1933 à partir de la comptabilité du magasin de Elias Kfuri à Khenchara." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081369.
Full textA monography on a mountain village in the lebanon, based on the accounting books of a local shop. The research retraces the social, economical and cultural life of khenchara from 1894 to 1933, and this constitutes a contribution to a better insight of our recent society. The data continuity over forty years allows us to perceive the evolution end the changes undergone by a part of the lebanese rural population, and its conversion from agriculture to industry, trade and services
Plitman, Castanier Jacqueline. "Etude du processus d'assimilation des juifs dans les romans juifs-américains de 1900 a 1940." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070117.
Full textThe topic of this study is the process of assimilation of the jews as seen in the jewish-american novel between 1900 and 1940. First we have tried to find a definition for the words assimilation-loss of the original culture- and jew -any person that considers herself jewish or is considered by the others as jewish; then we explain the choice of our study period. Then we talk about the different waves of immigration which brought the jews to the unites states, the Sepaharades first in the 17th century, then the first wave of the Askhenazes coming from Germany in the 18th century and finally the jews from eastern Europe at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th for economical, social and political reasons. Then we explain why we chose novels written in english by jewish authors and we find out the common caracteristics of those novels-language, setting, family and society. We are then able to find five principal ways through which the jews thought it would be possible for then to assimilate and we define them as social ascencion via financial success, education, mariage, revolt against parents and revolution and we have tried to find out whether total or partial assimilation had been achieved this way
Fleyfel, Antoine. "Jalons pour une théologie contextuelle libanaise." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1006.
Full textThe early 1970s have witnessed the birth of the neologism of "Contextual Theology", also called "Contextualization. " This neologism has expressed conceptually theological movements that rose in several areas of the Third World and in many socially disadvantaged areas. We can cite as examples the "Liberation Theology", the "Black Theology", the "Dalit Theology," the "Feminist Theology", etc. Lebanon has witnessed during the same period several local theological attempts who have suffered successive wars that took place on the soil of the Land of the Cedars. These reflections have treated, each in its own way, three topics: the Christian-Muslim dialogue, the internal reform of Churches and ecumenism, and Political Theology. This thesis would, after defining the concept of contextual theology, make a report in a first step, of these Arab local theologies, little known in the Lebanese context and ignored in other parts of the world. In a second step, it will show that these local theologies are part of the global movement of contextual theology, and constitute a "Lebanese Contextual Theology" that has an Arabic identity. This theology has its own particularities and is unique
Bizri, Hala. "Le livre et l'édition au Liban dans la première moitié du XXe siècle : essai de reconstitution d'une mémoire disparue." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS002S.
Full textThe 19th century had witnessed an initial cultural and philological awakening in Lebanon. This was due in particular to the role of printers, of journalism, and of higher literacy rates. Literary and philological books were published, that drew directly or indirectly on the Arab tradition. Then, during the last decades of Ottoman rule, and even more so after the French mandate, the cultural situation in Lebanon changed once more, this time around new values. Groups of free thinkers, printing and publishing houses, newspapers, magazines, new writers, daring translations, new genres: the flurry of creativity was such that it earned the period the title of a ‘second renaissance’. That same period saw the emergence of two important new figures. First, the ‘intellectual’: not just a reader, but a key player in the creative, social and political arenas. Second, the ‘editor’: not just a printer, but a midwife of talent, an adventurer of ideas, a shaper of worlds to come. The present thesis is a hommage to that forgotten era, that has been conspicuously absent from research on editorial trends, as the war destroyed archives and discarded memories
Hirsch, Yaël. "Réflexions sur la conversion juive : les implications politiques et sociales du transfert identitaire dans la première moitié du 20e siècle en Europe." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0038.
Full textYaël Hirsch's work focuses on the shifting identities of European Jews who converted to Christianity in the 20th century. She studied the lives and the writings of thirty Jewish intellectuals who converted (or were tempted to convert) to Christianity. Among them : Henri Bergson, Simone Weil, Jean-Marie Lustiger, Max Jacob, Edith Stein, Hermann Broch, Franz Rosenzweig and Etty Hillesum. She also interviewed about thirty former hidden children, who were born Jewish but had to hide -and sometimes to convert to Christianity- in order to survive WWII. No matter how deep their Christian faith, all these converts still considered themselves as Jews after their baptism. Why couldn’t they leave their Jewish identity behind, if they believed in another religion ? Apostates from Judaism were not numerous in the 20th century; but their strong and marginal choice to try to change identity brings about new material on "The Jewish Question", i. E. , why Jews remain Jews, even when they don't observe the Law of their fathers anymore. With the help of History, Sociology, Psychology, and Literary critique, Yaël Hirsh is questioning the bond remaining between the converts and their original Jewish identity after baptism, in order to find new approaches to this very classical political question
Zenou, Gilles. "Phenomenologie de la condition juive en occident au xxe siecle en occident (france, allemagne)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010507.
Full textWafa, Darwich Khaled. "La presse francophone libanaise au XXème siècle." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA131023.
Full textRaad, Nazih. "La vie politique et économique au Liban après 1943." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10063.
Full textEl, Turc Joëlle. "La vie constitutionnelle au Liban de 1919 à 1940 : le modèle français à l'épreuve des réalités du Proche-Orient." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3038.
Full textSzwarc-Boucharel, Sandrine. "La vie culturelle juive en France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale : le "Colloque des intellectuels juifs de langue française" (1957-2000)." Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHE5007.
Full textOne cannot possibly declare oneself as a Jew by the end of the war. Starting from 1957, Symposium of French speaking Jewish intellectuals meets in order to think over about the meaning of Judaism in contemporary France, with moreover a feeling of bruised citizenship. Initiated by Edmond Fleg and Leon Algazi, they gather many Jewish intellectuals who choose to start again from tradition as a question about their condition as modern men. First closely related to Orsay School, many members of which appear in these meetings. The link with history ans messianism represents the heart of their questionings
Pichon, Muriel. "Les Français israélites de 1918 au milieu des années cinquante : histoire, mémoires, représentations : Etude d'itinéraires." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20099.
Full textThe history of French Jews between 1918 and the mid 1950's is approached through the linked life stories of twenty people, born beetwen 1870 and 1920. The biographies studied includ those of about 10 people well know members of the Jewish community, amongst whom certain individuals' notoriety extends beyond that community, and about 10 unknow individuals. Part one deals with the différent aspects of franco-jewish identity in the firts half of the 20th century. Through the various social cultural and religious pratices. The following parts look at French Jews confronted by national crisis of the 1930's and later during the persecutions of the second World War. The last part sums up the consequences of those persecutions
MAKHLOUF, MOUNIR. "L'industrie de tripoli (liban) et sa main-d'oeuvre entre 1967 et 1975." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040216.
Full textThe introduction aims to localise the study of the subject into its historical dimensions, not without mentionning the political, economical and social situations in lebanon at the begining of 1967. Being the reference date in economical history of lebanon, this year is the starting point that will clear the essential factors and the main reasons that have been at the base of the "goldenera" or the "period of prosperity" that lasted till 1975. It's in the course of this same period that lebanese industry, whereas the tripolitan, has benefited, directly of indirectly, from the arab-israeli war. The first part of the thesis aims the detailed study of the city of tripoli : a general historical briefing to consider the geographical localisation its name's origin and its population. Therefoe, the second chaper aims to reveal the economical importance of the city from the poenicians' era till nowadays. As historical as economical as it is, this importance is due to many agricol, geographical and commercial basis the second part entitled : tripoli's industry and its handlers, completes the study of three essential ideas of the subject. First, it's the principal economical ressouces : the harbour, the iraq petroleum company (i. P. C. ) and the international fair. Then, the history of tripoli's industry that will make us realize
Rammal, Habib. "L'information publicitaire du liban 1984-1986." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30008.
Full textIn spite of the hard situation in lebanon, we can notice that between 1984-1986, the advertising has a sure developpement. The analysis of fonctionnement of the lebanese advertising market and of the agencys and theirs relations with the pan arab market, give back the good health of the lebanese advertising. More over by the contents analysis of 239 messages at the television, radio and press, we are allowed to have a sure vision about the fonction and the feed back of message. So, we can find the good health of the advertising in lebanon
Machaalany, Rabih. "L'architecture religieuse au Liban (XIXe et XXe siècles)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040034.
Full textThe religious architecture in Lebanon from the XIX th. & XX th. Centuries presents religious monuments dating from this period. Other Christian monuments dating from the XVII th. & XVIII th. Centuries are also included because of the restorations & renovations done during the XIX th. & XX th. Centuries. This study presents the history of Lebanon, his religious community system, the Patriarch Elias Hoayek & 3 saints of the XIX th. Century. The rocky hermitages, the village chapels (single or double naves) & the large cathedrals of the crusaders period are the roots of the XIX th. & XX th. Century's churches. The religious monuments studied are divided between the capital Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon & the Bekaa. A huge resemblance is observed between traditional civil architecture & religious one, especially when using red roofing tiles & rock-cut stones (white, brown, grey, or yellow). The general plan of a monastery is always a classic rectangular one around an interior courtyard including gardens & a basin. Most of the Lebanese convents are nearly built the same way, but it varies in the surface, between 2 & 5 stories, & according to their regions & requirements. Churches are composed of one large nave & sometimes surrounded by 2 side aisles. It ends with a semicircular apse where the altar is placed. The nave is covered with different kinds of vaults. The principal entrance may be preceded with a narthex or stairs or even without both of them. The influence of religious architecture varies between Byzantine, Crusader, Italian, French & American styles
Zawadzki, Paul. "Invention d'une communauté imaginée : construction nationale et antisémitisme en Pologne avant 1939." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010318.
Full textThis study starts from a simple question : how do we explain that, while political modernity in the west, and particularly in france, involved the global emancipation and integration of jews, in the east, on the contrary, exclusionary processes seem to prevail in the twentieth century? Whereas the social trajectories of jews in france moved from the periphery towards the center, poland in the 1930s moved towards anti-jewish legislation and projects for the removal of all of its jews to madagascar. How can we explain these phenomena of massive "de-judaization" in poland? This is a work of comparative historical sociology. Contrary to projective theories of anti-semitism, which make of it a clinical symptom or a symptom of social dysfunction, we insist on its cultural significations, considering the discourses of anti-semitic actors as fully drawing on an orientation within a culture of the political. Against approaches which consider individuals as acted upon by unconscious forces (psychic, social, cultural. . . ), we undertake the weberian project of grasping the subjective meanings that anti-semitism had for the actors who spread it. We have considered it as an ensemble of significations and beliefs, actualized in political action. Anti-semitism is thus not only a way of representing jews, but also and especially a way of thinking the foundations of oneas community of belonging, national bonds, citizenship, and political legitimacy. The polish case, therefore, can be explained in terms of a correlation between anti-semitism and the mode of national construction, itself linkedto the historical specificity of poland : the weakness of the state. The form and transformations of nationalism are thus closely analyzed. In this perspective, the catholicization of nationalist identity and its racialization, which postulate the unassimilability of jews, are evidently crucial
Khalife, Adel. "La place du sud Liban dans les stratégies régionales : 1948-1987." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA020130.
Full textSituated on the lebanese-syrian-israeli border, southern lebanon occupies an important strategic position in the israeli-arab conflict. It plays the part of a fixation abscess which absorbs the reigning tension on the arab fronts in the absence of a common arab strategy. The foundation of israel started a massive exodus of palestinians to lebanon and plunged the latter in the center of a complex crisis which transformed it, without wanting it, into a war-waging state. From a vital space, southern lebanon became a security zone especially after 1969, when the palestinians settled. They used the south first as a refuge zone then as a passage for the liberation of palestine. It didn't take israel long to intervene in lebanese affairs through the south to hasten the desintegration of the lebanese society. For syria, lebanon constitutes a security zone and it is indispensable for them, in order to achieve a strategic balance with israel, to dominante lebanon. It is within this context that the south places itself in regional strategies. It was from 1975, after the calm which reigned in the area due to the isolation of egypt in the middle eastern scene that the two neighbouring states of lebanon put into execution their strategies in lebanon
Chamoury, Hammoud Ghada. "La constitution des Sunnites en tant que communauté au Liban et leur actuation à travers l'école." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010530.
Full textFischfisch, Antoine. "Formes urbaines et architecturales de Beyrouth depuis 1876 : évolutions et logiques de production : approche méthodologique." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040249.
Full textAl, @Ezzi Zeinab. "L'évolution historique de la scolarisation à Djabel Amel pendant le XXème siècle." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20041.
Full textJabel amel was fomerly called "djabel al kalil" or "al-jahalil" bay the arabs. It has been now five centeries since it is known by the name of djabel amela or amel. During the french rule, just after the creation of great lebanon in 1920 it was better known as sowth lebanon or simply "the south". During the ottoman administration which lasted some four hundred and three years (1516-1919), illiteraey was widespread in education was restricted to the teachings of the koran. The pupils leaent the holy koran, to read, to write and to count. The "katatibs" was about the only method of teaching and it was used by all religions. When france become the governor she attached considerable importance to syria and lebanon. She played the role of an educator, a teacher and a missionary. After her independence, lebanon experienced a recrudescence in the number of schools built all over the countrey expecially in the south. The most important development during that period was the initiation of the official education and examinations system in 1946 by several decrees. Compared to other regions of the country, the level of education in south lebanon had deteriorated the most. This fact has alwayes been the centre of burning conflicts between israelites and arabs. The civil war in lebanon has left indelible marks in every aspects of the lebanes lives particularly in the field of education. Hariri, the current prime minister is the last hope for the lebanes and the only "tool" that can put
Bazzi, Hassan. "Histoire de l'enseignement secondaire au Liban 1856-1970 : étude comparative des différents types d'établissments." Lille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL30004.
Full textThe studies accompanying this letter deal with a study of the history of secondary education in lebanon for 1856 up to 1970, that is a period of 114 years, extending over three eras :the ottoman era 1856-1920, the french era 1920-1943 and the independence era 1943-1970. Secondary education was divided into private secondary and public secondary. The former appeard before the latter in lebanon by means of missions which made known and oped to extend christian ideology (the franciscanskarmeleons - capucinians - jesuits - evangelicals. . . ) All of these established secondary schools which were considered the core of natio- nal secondary education in lebanon. The oldest secondary schools in lebanon are : ein-toura school and ein-warqa school and other them. The number of private secondary schools increased and these schools were both foreign and national so as to cover most the lebanese areas and especilly in the mount-lebanon region which was the major area of existance for lebanese christians. As for public(official)secondary education in lebanon it was weakly established and continued this way for both the ottoman and french eras, to an extent that the number of public secondary schools in
Abourachid, Dounia. "La Revue libanaise Shi'r (1957-1970) et l'une de ses figures, Ounsi el-Hage : catalogage et analyse de contenu de la revue Shi'r et étude de l'œuvre poétique de Ounsi el-Hage." Paris, INALCO, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAL0013.
Full textAoun, El Ghazzi Micheline. "L'hyperactivité au Liban une actualité controversée." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC051.
Full textIn Lebanon, hyperactive children is at an increasing rate, it is as a social corruption. In the present paper, the research will be mainly on the French approach considering some specific modalities of the psychological functions like narcissism, pulsing, separation and individualization. . . . Furthermore, the research will reflect on the psychological trauma caused by the Lebanese wax and its impact on the child's behavior. As well as the societal changes and family functioning. The search feature is the subject of a study involving seven Lebanese children hyperactive, four Christians and three Muslims, builds on the award of the Rorschach projective test
Bénard-Oukhemanou, Anne. "Une communauté et ses notables : les juifs de Bayonne (1808-1913)." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30035.
Full textMesnaoui, Nafiss. "L' évolution de la poésie libanaise après 1982." Limoges, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIMO2010.
Full textPoetry did not cease evolving as a decisive type in strong Lebanon by its culture. The turn of year 1982 explains by its new themes, which suddenly appeared and that become practically clean in the Lebanese poetry differentiating it of other poetrys of the Arab world as well as of the French-speaking world, such the city, banishment, light, breath, the East and Occident, Other one, nihilism, body, thought and policy. Lebanese poem becomes a different, distinguished and peculiar, particular poem. It is hired and explorer. The common interest of the poets is the resurgence of poem across an uninterrupted question setting on the modernity. To seek new possible forms of writing, to show the unknown of things work everything on the decorating of sense and sentence. Their form of expression becomes almost for them all the poem in prose which establishes itself as sovereign appalls in poetic domain
David, Julia. "Ni réaction ni révolution : La critique du progrès des intellectuels juifs depuis l'entre-deux-guerres : une voix française ?" Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010327.
Full textAbou, Moussa Tanos. "Entre identité nationale et identités communautaires : enseignement de l'histoire au Liban." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30071.
Full textLévy, Alain. "Topologie sociale d'une migration familiale (Egypte, Algérie, France, Grande-Bretagne, Brésil, 1922-1990)." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070058.
Full textThis thesis is meant to suggest a reflection on the circumstances making for cultural pluralism. Starting with the monographic study of an extended family of alexandrian jews - whose story is recounted from the beginings of the xxth century to present day when it split u, some branches moving into england, brazil or france- this work proceeds to distinguish the values and trends or a "philosophy" avored the protagonists of that story in the course of their meandering journey. The descriptio - of the various backgrounds to their lives - the cosmopolitan and peaceful alexandri a of the first half of the xxth century, the colonial circles of southern egypt, the last days of colonial algeria enables to recpature both the economic, political and geopolitical, social and cross-cultural relationships underlying t the situations, and the experiences lived in those respectiv contexte, out of which is taking shape a way of benaving an d looking at things that paves the way for a soothed rapport with otherness
Haddad, Levitt Corinne. "Les Juifs de New York à l'aube du XXIe siècle : communauté juive ou société juive ?" Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082099.
Full textMeskini, Mohammed. "Aspects juridiques de l'intervention armée syrienne au Liban (1976-1978)." Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN20010.
Full textThe international contemporary law is distinguished by prohibition of intervention especially when it takes the shape of a resort to armed force. By sending its stroops in Lebanon in June 1976 Syrie had in meantine the admissibility of its intervention infering from several considerations between the will to give a end at a fratricidal clash, the wish to take in account various entreaties, the determination of not being restlessby an international plot and exercise national arabic duty appear as the more decissive. After an analysis constrained by the examination of the facts and the wording of the legal rules these motives come to light, nevertheless unfit for giving a coherent and valid foundation to the Syrian intervention and appear as alibis aimed at disguising the Syrian will to exert un straightened guardianship on Lebanon. Confronted at the situation created by the Syrian intervention the Arab league had not taken refuge in wordiness. Breaking with a traditional passivity it succeeds to move towards an operational conseiving and to create a power for keeping the peace. The study of the mission trusted to that last and the observance of conditions which still presited its application urge on scepticism. Destined to make easier the search of peace and centred on the wish to give a end to the Syrian interference in the Lebany's clash the action of the Arab league has not fill his part and has just succed at last to consolidate the pressure of Syrie on Lebanon exerted consecutively at its military intervention
Vallez, Nathalie. "Présence et vie quotidienne des juifs dans le Sud-Ouest aquitain des années vingt aux lendemains de la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20093.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the presence and the destiny of the Jewish communities in the South-West of France from the 1920s to the post-war period through the communal life in three coastal departments : Gironde, Landes and Basses-Pyrénées. This population, constituted of former “marranes” who arrived from the sixteenth century in successive waves of immigrations, claims to have a privileged place within the French Judaism. However, they suffered from persecutions like the other French Jews. The first part entitled “Daily Life, Theory and Practice” is devoted to methodological issues relatives to historiography, the concept of daily life and the critical presentation of the sources. The second part entitled “Presence and History” describes and explains the daily life of Jews in Bordeaux, Bayonne and the countryside during the 1920s and the 1930s, from the settlement of the “Portugueses” in the region. In the reconstruction of the Jewish life, we intended to place the emphasis on the local and historical heritage of the South-Western Jews while replacing them in the framework of the contemporary history of the French Jewry. The communal space reflected a cumulative identity, composed of the different elements of local Judaism. The third part entitled “Daily Jew” shows the confrontation of old and already weakened communities with the “Shoah”. The daily life of Jews during four years of German Occupation becomes a changering and breaking period. This part underlines the differences of experiences and the various perceptions of events. The fourth part entitled “Recomposition, Identities and Memories” presents the transformations resulting of the Occupation. The representatives of local Judaism didn't succeed in integrating the Shoah's dimension in their system of representations from the past. The coming of Jews from North Africa, perceived as a moment of intense crisis, accelerated the disappearance of the Portuguese's model. A new identity sprang from this confrontation and from the consequences of the persecutions
Parnes, Livia. "Présences juives dans le Portugal contemporain (1820-1938)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0113.
Full textThe present study examines multiple forms of « Jewish presence » in contemporary Portugal, particularly : the reinstallation of Jews from the beginning of the 19th century, with a special focus on the organization of the Lisbon Jewish community; the “discovey” of Marranos (1917), followed by a movement promoting their integration into Judaism; as well as the Jewish presence in literature, public opinion, political discourse. The analysis of literary texts, essays, and historiography, reveals the emergence of a new positive image of the Jew, allowing us to point out a pattern of philo-Semitic attitudes, strongly related to Portuguese liberalism and to the romantic movement that was to crystallize during the century. Our study shows the incorporation of Jewish questions, primarily anti-Semitism and Zionism, in the general modernization process of Portugal. The Portuguese reactions to the Dreyfus Affair as well as the discussions in the Portuguese parliament and Senate on a bill concerning the installation of Jews in Angola (1912-1913), confirm the growth of pro-Jewish attitudes. The movement of rejudaizing the Marranos in the 1920’s, as analyzed according to its main organ, the journal Ha-Lapid (the Torch), transforms the reality and the image of Portuguese Judaism. Received rather favourably by the government, it roused mixed reactions inside the Jewish population in Portugal as well as in a number of Portuguese national circles. The examination of some modern anti-Semitic theories developed in the country during these years discloses the Portuguese unique variant of the phenomena, as well as its marginality in the regime of the Estado Novo, just before the Second World War
Mervin, Sabrina. "Un réformisme chiite : les "ulama"du Ğabal Āmil (actuel Liban-Sud) de la fin de l'Empire ottoman à l'indépendance du Liban." Paris, INALCO, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INAL0016.
Full textSaidi, Zoubida. "La Communauté juive marocaine au Québec (1957-1985) : comportement, intégration et maintien des traditions." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070109.
Full textYehya, Houssam. "La protection sanitaire et sociale au Liban (1860-1963)." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0008/document.
Full textThis thesis seeks to provide a historicized approach for the Lebanese establishment and development of health and social care by focusing on the role and relationships factual and legal between the two sectors: public and private and the foreign influences including that of the ILO on the production of the Lebanese standard, during the three major periods of history in Lebanon: Ottoman, French and independent Lebanon
Rihana, Sami. "Aux origines de l'armée libanaise contemporaine : 1916-1946." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040308.
Full textEl, Zein Ali. "La crise du système de déplacements au Liban : une dépendance automobile systémique et coûteuse." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0004.
Full textThe Lebanese transport is characterized by a triple crisis of congestion, financing and sustainability. This crisis appears in an inefficient transport system: high and recurring level of traffic jams and an almost total absence of reliable alternatives to the private car.The objective of this thesis is to highlight the concept of car dependency through the prism of mobility practices, transport sector governance and territorial and socio-economic characteristics in Lebanon. It aims to explain this dependence in a systemic approach and it proposes solutions to moderate it. The systemic analysis considers that car dependency can be explained by the interaction of several factors: the country's territorial organization, socio-economic and cultural factors, transport supply and the modes of governance of the transport sector. Then, the thesis explores the challenges of moderating car dependency. It highlights the economic, social and environmental costs linked to excessive use of the car.Finally, the prospects for a possible moderation of car dependency in Lebanon and its practical directions are explored
Abbani, Dayana. "Musique et Société au temps de la Nahḍa à Beyrouth (fin XIXe siècle-1938)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL032.
Full textThis dissertation offers a glimpse into early 20th century Beirut’s musical life by unveiling the type of music that prevailed at the time, the famous singers, the places of singing. It follows the ways in which the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the arrival of the French mandate changed and affected entertainment and leisure in Beirut, by focusing on its evolving musical scene, as it manifested in changing places of consumption, sociality and the distribution of music as a new form of commodity. It does that by studying expert, lay and intellectual debates on music and music criticism in this period, as they emerged in in the press. Moreover, this dissertation looks at how new developments in technologies affected music at the beginning of the 20th century by focusing on how the evolution of the record industry imposed and produced new forms of expressions, of music, and new places of entertainment. A reading of how the social and political transformations in early 20th century Beirut affected and created new forms of entertainment, leisure, musical expressions and commodities allows us to understand the role of music in making a national identity and discourse in the newly established State of Greater Lebanon
Khoueiri, Roy. "Les déterminants des comportements d'épargne : analyse de l'expérience libanaise de 1974 à 2000." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131028.
Full textIn 1191, the civil war in Lebanon came to an end. However, sixteen years of hostilities resulted in fundamental changes in the economy in the post war years, causing GDP to be lower than in the prewar period, continuous pressure on the Lebanese pound, inflationary pressures, a reduction in the purchasing power, all leading to high poverty and income inequality. Increased confidence and effective adjustment efforts are needed to spur favourable macroeconomic developments. It is therefore imperative for his nation to grow in order to re-attain its prewar standards of living. The economy's rate of saving out of current income and the form of investment such savings take play a major role among the many factors which determine the growth of an economy. In the thesis, I have focused on a study of saving in general for its relation with growth, and in particular on the influence of real GDP, inflation, and interest rates on saving in Lebanon. Between 1974 and 2000, the econometric analysis showed that the main determinant of saving is GDP followed by inflation, and to a lesser extent interest rates on deposits. Furthermore, the 1992-2001 analysis reflected that saving has a negative impact on investment and on GDP mainly due to channelling the private savings to finance the alarming public debt and more specifically to finance unproductive interest payments. After the war, savings is in the low range as compared to the ratios during the war. Our analysis indicates that the main factors behind this fact lie in the increase in poverty and income inequality and in the mismanagement of fiscal policy leading to negative public sector savings, the crowding out of investment, and to the drop in GDP. A plausible conclusion from this analysis is that the low levels of savings may become an obstacle to growth whether savings causes growth or the other way round. So policies that foster savings along with proper fiscal policies that will reduce the debt should be favored
Saliby-Yehia, Hoda. "Pouvoir étatique et dynamique de développement : l'expérience de deux États successeurs de l'Empire Ottoman, la Syrie (1876-1963) et le Liban (1876-1964)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010562.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to analyse the role of the state in development. Development is here defined as a set of dynamics proper to each society, resulting from the interplay of many factors, among these factors we have examened six variables in their relationship to sate action. They are : territory, population, constitutional life, public finance, the education system and the role of the state in the economy. The interplay of these variables has been studied over a relatively long period. Lebanon, 1876-1964 and Syria, 1876-1963, have witnessed three types of state-power : Ottoman rule, the French mandate and the modern independant state. The Lebanese and yrian development experiences rely upon differents patterns, leading to divergent options. Guided by the assumption that the history of a society enrichies our analysis and comprehension of its economic organisation, our multi-disciplinary aproach has led us to pose the ititial question in a different manner : could state-power, rather than being regarded as a primary actor in development, be considered merely as one of its variables ?
Rozenberg, Akoun Nadine. "L' image du juif dans le roman policier français au XXème siècle : évolution et permanence." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082539.
Full textLe, Foll-Luciani Pierre-Jean. "Les juifs algériens anticolonialistes : étude biographique (entre-deux-guerres - 1965)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20023.
Full textThis dissertation, at the crossroads of the history of the Algerian Jews and the Algerian anticolonial movement, studies the trajectories of the minority of Algerian Jews who shared in the struggle against colonialism, during the period spanning the end of the First World War to their departure from an independent Algeria mostly at the end of the 1960s.The first part, coming before the actual biographical study, looks at the timeframe and reasons "the Jews" of colonial Algeria are considered to be a political entity by the administration and the political movements, and confronts this political discourse and these practices with the many political subjectivities that emerged among the Algerian Jewish population from 1930 to 1962.The second part introduces the actual biographical study and looks at the process of Algerian identification that the male and female study population is engaged in, men and women who grew up under a colonial world order definition and who developed a dissident attitude to that order, with the Vichy era appearing to be, in most cases, the clenching factor for this break. In this context, the Youth and Student Communist movements, from 1946 to 1954, are approached as hotbeds for a politically radical Algerianness and transgressive sociabilities in view of the colonial social order.Lastly, the third part focuses on the journeys of those militants during the Algerian War of independence and after, and highlights the conflict between the Algerian identities that emerged during the trials of the War for independence and the official version of a national identity the governing elite of the new State decided to impose in the first months followingindependence
Yahiaoui, Merabet Messaouda. "Roman et société dans l'Algérie coloniale du vingtième siècle : 1898 - 1960." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20013.
Full textThe thesis deals with one hundred and fifty novels written by some sixty christian french and jewish french authors born in Algeria or in France and others written by native intellectuals graduated from the French schools and "medersas" between 1898-1960. The abundant production of novels offers to the readers an authentic view of the different social, economical, political and cultural aspects of the different communities at that time. The jewish and christian French women writers were numerous to write during the inter war years (1920-1940), whereas, the muslim woman writer appeared on the literary scene later, after 1945. The first part introduces the authors and their works. The second part is devoted to the two Algerian schools : the Algerianism (1920-1935) and l'Ecole d'Alger (1935-1960). The third part tells about the social and historical context : it shows the characteristics of the different social communities observed by the authors. Finally, the fourth part concerns the analysis of the novels. The writers are both actors and observers. Their writings do reflect the stereotypes, but above all, a part of the sociocultural reality of colonial Algeria
Bernard, Marylin. "VIVRE, S'INTÉGRER ET INTERAGIR EN ÉTANT MINORITAIRES À PLUSIEURS ÉGARDS : LE CAS DES FEMMES JUIVES À QUÉBEC DES ANNÉES 1940 À AUJOURD'HUI." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25797/25797.pdf.
Full textMāǧid, Ziyād. "The decline of consociationalism : the case of Lebanon." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0073.
Full textThe consociational democracy system in Lebanon is no longer capable of avoiding and managing crises for many reasons that are internal and external. Among these reasons are the changes in the elites (especially of the Maronites, Sunnis and Shiites) and their characteristics, the important demographic development and the modification of the confessional ratios, the transformation of the “veto right” into a hampering factor in every critical aspect of the political life, and the excess in the armed Hezbollah’s power. To these factors are added the external pressures and the weakness of national consenses towards the region’s axes and conflicts. Nevertheless, given its success in freezing the political system and its shares, given the institutionalization of vertical divisions on the basis of their exclusive representation of political groupings, and given the attachment of most forces to the power-sharing principle, consociationalism cannot be overcome easily. This by itself is a sign of both its strength and weakness: It does not function properly, but it cannot be overcome. In fact, all confessional political forces, consider it a guarantee to block any attempt by one ruling alliance at imposing choices and decisions. They also fear that any discussion over radical reforms might open the way to reconsidering the confessional quota system and its freezed formulas, which will create tensions and confrontations between the concerned groups. The absence of alternatives in the meantime does not eliminate the need for reforming political institutions, nor the necessity of discussing issues which could attenuate acute crises and enhance the performance of the regime
Dupré, Romain. "Les juifs de France et l'antisémitisme : de l'affaire Dreyfus à 1940." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010637.
Full textTaking place at a critical time in the history of the Jews of France, this thesis approaches the reports of the latter to the anti-Semitism following a historiography presenting only a partial and scattered vision of this question. This thesis questions the perception of the Jews in metropolitan France about the anti-Semitism raging in France, in Algeria and abroad, their reactions towards this one and the identity evolutions which they have brought on themselves. To this end, we mobilize the tools of the psychology and the sociology, besides those of the historian. In the first part, we put the context, an essential stage to understand the plurality over time of these relationships within a vast ground of local and national investigations. We particularly focus on the actual exposure of the Jews of France to anti-Semitism. The second part approaches more concretely their opposed reactions to this ordeal: the silences, the reflections on the hatred, the actions intended to fight against it. We conclude on the impacts on identity, such as on the pride, the recomposition, the self-hatred and/or the exposure to the inescapable contact to hatred. Finally, these reactions must be interpreted as a maturation of pre-existing reports in the Jewishness and/or in the official or de facto Frenchness of the Jews of France. The anti-Semitism has helped to strengthen Jewish identity in France, while bringing adaptations of « Franco- Judaism » to the realities of the minority condition of the Jews of France, whatever their origins
Chaigne, Anne-Lucie. "La France et les compétitions impériales au Levant (Syrie-Liban) de 1918 à 1946." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040222.
Full textCompetition between France and the British, American, Italian and German Powers grows in Syria and in Lebanon from the end of the Ottoman Empire to the withdrawal of the last Franco-British troops in 1946. Once the mandate granted to France, the mandated power establishes its rule in Syria and Lebanon. France faces during the inter-war period the meddling of the imperial Powers, in the political, ideological, economic, cultural and religious fields, meddling whose objective, even not clearly formulated, is to leading to the eviction of France from Syria and Lebanon. Nationalists try to benefit from this competition in order to gain independence. During the Second World war, Syria and Lebanon are again the theatre of competition with the Axis Powers, the United States, and more dramatically, Great Britain. This competition makes it possible to satisfy the claims of the Syrian and Lebanese states, thus marking the end of the French presence
Groulez, Michel. "Les juifs et le judaïsme dans les manuels scolaires d'histoire : image d'une minorité dans la transmission de la mémoire nationale en France." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0083.
Full textIn spite of their old presence on the French territory, the Jews, among the various populations assembled in the historical construction of the French nation, do not seem, for a long time, to be recognized as a component of the national group. This research intends to examine the discrepancy between national memory and history, trough what school, an essential part in a device of transmission, retained of the Jews in the history which is taught since more than a centruy, and which is now preserved in textbooks. The latter, indeed, without being designed to this use, testify to the terms in which a society works out its historical past and wishes to transmit it to the next generations, in a form in which the concern for civic education and the will to diffuse knowledge are mixed. From the beginning of the Third republic to our times, textbooks allow to observe which kind of representation of the Jews French historical memory, modelled by a strongly unitary design, worked out; how and according to which mechanisms these images continue, fade or change. Jews of the French history then seem tightly linked with the very idea of nation
Hassine, Jonathan. "Tous pour la patrie ? L'armée libanaise et ses combattants à l'épreuve de la guerre civile : entre la caserne, la milice et le foyer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL104.
Full textMy thesis focuses on the history of the Lebanese army and its combatants during the civil war that tore Lebanon apart between 1975 and 1990. In the existing literature, the Lebanese army appears as an institution divided along sectarian lines and unable to put an end to the conflict. My work goes beyond this interpretation based on sectarianism and on the Weberian conception of the state as necessarily claiming a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence. I explore instead the way in which the Lebanese army recomposed itself throughout the conflict, and argue that the military played a central role, either by taking part in the fighting or by training militias from all sides. To do so, I draw upon two bodies of sources: a collection of various written sources in Arabic, French and English, ranging from French and US diplomatic archives to officers' memoirs and the army's bulletins; as well as extensive fieldwork conducted among retired officers and NCOs who served and fought during the civil war. The combination of these materials allows me to show how the survival of combat units relies mostly on the relationships between the junior officers and their soldiers. By bringing together the anthropological approach to war and the sociology of combat, my dissertation contributes to reexamining both the boundaries of the state and the role of a national army in a civil war context. Based on the oral testimonies, I also reflect on the memory of the Lebanese Civil War within the military institution and among its veterans. The various narratives of the conflict, as much as their absence, tell us about the current divisions the Lebanese society and its troubled relationship to the past
Amsallem, Daniela. "Le Génocide et la figure du survivant dans les oeuvres des écrivains juifs italiens contemporains." Grenoble 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE39016.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the genocide and the image of the death-camps survivor in the works of contemporary jewish-italian writers, like primo levi, giorgio bassani, giorgio voghera, natalia ginzburg, carlo levi and umberto saba. The survivor, an autobiographical or fictional character, who is associated to certain symbols and archetypes, is described, with his difficulties to reintegrate society, his irrational guilt complex towards the dead, and his choice to live on which he finally makes. The confrontation with the torturer, the relations between fascism and the italian jews, the behaviour of both oppressors and victims are also studied. Finally the repercussions of the genocide in the religious field, the jewish identity and the degree of assimilation of these writers and their relations with the state of israel as well are analyzed. The conclusion takes into account the necessity felt by the death-camps survivors to bequeath their testimony to future generations, in order to oppose the action of those who deny history, so that the memory of auschwitz be preserved