Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Judicial review of legislative acts'
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1
Grogan, John. "Emergency law: judicial control of executive power under the states of emergency in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003189.
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This work examines the legal effects of a declaration of a state of emergency under the Public Safety Act 3 of 1953 and the exercise of legislative and administrative powers pursuant thereto. The general basis of judicial control over executive action and the various devices used to limit or oust the court's jurisdiction are set out and explained. Against this background, the courts' performance of their supervisory role under the special circumstances of emergency rule is critically surveyed and assessed. The legal issues raised by the exercise of emergency powers is examined at the various levels of their deployment: first, the declaration of a state of emergency; second, the making of emergency regulations; third, their execution by means of administrative action, including detention, banning, censorship and the use of force. The major cases concerning emergency issues, both reported and unreported, are analysed in their appropriate contexts, and an overview provided of the effects of emergency regulations and orders on such freedoms as South Africans enjoy under the 'ordinary' law. Finally, an attempt is made to assess how these decisions have affected the prospect of judicial review of executive action, both in the emergency context and in the field of administrative law generally. The conclusion is that, however far the Appellate Division may appear to have gone towards eliminating the role of the law in the emergency regime, grounds remain for the courts to exercise a more vigorous supervisory role should they choose to do so in future.
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Magalhâes, Pedro C. "The limits to judicialization legislative politics and constitutional review in the Iberian democracies /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1046117531.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 398 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Richard Gunther, Dept. of Political Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 364-398).
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Blom, Christian. "Judicial review of regulatory acts : new prospects for private applicants after the Lisbon reform." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115495.
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Thackeray, Vincent Gregory. "Inconsistencies in the rights of review of the merits of Commonwealth administrative decisions /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20020821.171741/index.html.
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Zarei, Mohammad Hossein. "The applicability of the principles of Judicial review to the delegated legislative powers of ministers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496373.
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Magalhães, Pedro C. "The Limits to Judicialization: Legislative Politics and Constitutional Review in the Iberian Democracies." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1046117531.
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Angiolucci, Maria de Lurdes Aparecida Trujillo. "O controle judicial dos atos administrativos discricionários e a jurisprudência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-21082017-153306/.
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O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar algumas das inúmeras decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, bem como do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, em matéria de controle jurisdicional dos atos administrativos discricionários e verificar se é possível identificar mudança substancial nos limites desse controle. O trabalho foi dividido em duas partes, sendo a primeira constituída por uma pesquisa bibliográfica destinada, essencialmente, a situar o tema da discricionariedade administrativa, num enfoque conceitual e histórico. A segunda parte refere-se à pesquisa sobre o tema na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, Superior Tribunal de Justiça, Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo e, ainda, no acórdão relativo à apelação cível nº. 1.422 do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Norte, cuja relatoria ficou a cargo de Miguel Seabra Fagundes. Os atos administrativos discricionários, por muito tempo foram considerados insindicáveis pelo Poder Judiciário, ou seja, imunes à apreciação jurisdicional. Contudo, é possível identificar o surgimento de alguns parâmetros jurídicos que objetivaram restringir a atividade administrativa discricionária, inserindo-a, sob determinados aspectos, no âmbito da apreciação jurisdicional. O balizamento inicial restringiu-se à lei, permanecendo o mérito do ato administrativo intocado. Nesse processo de tentativa de contenção dos atos administrativos discricionários desenvolveram-se teorias de controle, como a teoria do desvio de poder e a teoria dos motivos determinantes. Cite-se, também, a teoria dos conceitos jurídicos indeterminados e, mais recentemente, a teoria da vinculação dos atos administrativos aos princípios constitucionais. O mérito do ato administrativo é o espaço que ainda suscita algumas controvérsias. A pesquisa jurisprudencial foi realizada, em sua maioria, diretamente nos sítios do Tribunal respectivo. Nota-se, ao analisar a jurisprudência, que há uma tendência no STF e no STJ em acolher a tese de uma apreciação mais ampla pelo Poder Judiciário, como foi o caso do Resp 429570/GO, cuja relatoria ficou a cargo da Ministra Eliana Calmon; se bem que é ainda, bastante comum, os acórdãos explicitarem que não cabe apreciação pelo judiciário sob o aspecto da conveniência e oportunidade do ato administrativo, ou seja, do mérito do ato.This research aims to examine some of the numerous decisions of the Supremo Tribunal Federal and Superior Tribunal de Justiça, as well as the Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, regarding judicial control of discretionary administrative acts and verify that is possible to identify substantial change in the limits of this control. The work was divided into two parts, the first consisting of a literature research aimed essentially to place the issue of administrative discretion, in a conceptual and historical focus. The second part refers to research on the topic in the jurisprudence of the Supremo Tribunal Federal, Superior Tribunal de Justiça, Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo and also in the judgment on the civil appeal nº. 1422 of the Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Norte, whose rapporteur was entrusted to Miguel Seabra Fagundes. Discretionary administrative acts were long disregarded by the judiciary, in other words immune to judicial review. However, it is possible to identify the rise of some legal parameters that aimed to restrict the discretionary administrative activity by inserting it, in certain respects, within the scope of judicial review. The initial marking was restricted to the law, remaining the substance of the administrative act untouched. In this process to attempt to contain discretionary administrative acts were developed theories of control, as the deviation of power and the theory of determinants reasons. Is mentioned, too, the theory of indeterminate legal concepts and, more recently, the theory of binding administrative acts to constitutional principles. The merit of the administrative act is the space that still shows some controversies. The jurisprudential research was conducted, for the most part, directly on the websites of the respective Court. It is noted, when considering the case law, that there is a trend in the STF and STJ to welcome the idea of a wider appreciation by the judiciary, like was the case Resp 429570/GO, whose rapporteur was in the responsibility of the Minister Eliana Calmon, although it is still quite common, the judgments stating that it is not for consideration by the judiciary under the aspect of convenience and opportunity of the administrative act, in other words, the act of merit.
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Plasket, Clive. "The fundamental right to just administrative action: judicial review of administrative action in the democratic South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003208.
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For most of its existence South African administrative law has been shaped by the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty – the heart of the constitutional order from 1910 to 1994 – and a racist political system that favoured the white minority at the expense of the black majority. In these circumstances, the rules of administrative law were of limited use in protecting the individual from exercises of administrative power that infringed fundamental human rights, often on a grand scale. On 27 April 1994, however, a new political and constitutional order came into existence that swept away the very foundations of the old order: parliamentary sovereignty was replaced by constitutional supremacy and the racial exclusivity of the old order was replaced by a commitment to equality, freedom and dignity in a democratic state. A justiciable Bill of Rights was at centre stage in this new order. That Bill of Rights includes a fundamental right to just administrative action. It is both the new constitutional order and this rather unusual fundamental right that have changed the nature of South African administrative law. This thesis examines the effect of the fundamental right to just administrative action on the law and practice of the judicial review of administrative action. It does so principally by examining the legal position before and after 27 April 1994 with particular reference to: what is meant by administrative action; the exercise of administrative power by private bodies regulated by the rules of administrative law, on the one hand, and exercises of private power regulated by rules of private law, on the other; the rules of standing, the notion of justiciability and the constitutionality of rules that seek to limit the right of the individual to approach a court to review administrative action; the meaning and scope of the right to lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair administrative action, in terms of the common law, the Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000; the meaning, scope and efficacy of the rights to reasons for administrative actions and of access to information; the procedure of judicial review and remedies that may be granted for the infringement of a person’s right to just administrative action; and conclusions and recommendations with regard to progress made in the construction of South Africa’s new, democratically based, administrative law.
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Sillay, Stephanie L. "Arbitral veto authority, legislative bargaining, and patterns of consensus formation an exploration of abstract judicial review and referenda as legislative arbitrators in Hungary and Switzerland /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344600.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Political Science, 2008.Title from home page (viewed on Oct 6, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: A, page: 0678. Adviser: Michael D. McGinnis.
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Birkeland, Gustav. "Judicial Review of Procedural Acts of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office : A Legal Analysis of Article 42 of the Regulation on the Establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-407927.
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The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (the EPPO), established under enhanced cooperation by a Council Regulation (the Regulation), will be the first supranational criminal law enforcement body in the European Union (the EU) with direct powers visà-vis individuals. It will be responsible for investigating, prosecuting and bringing to judgments the perpetrators of offences against the Union’s financial interests. Measures taken by the EPPO may therefore seriously interfere with fundamental rights of individuals. As the EU is based on the rule of law, an effective judicial review of the acts produced by the EPPO is essential in order to allow individuals to protect their rights and legitimate interests against unlawful and arbitrary decision-making. In accordance with the Treaty framework of judicial review, the main rule in EU law on the division of jurisdiction between national courts of the Member States and the Court of Justice of the European Union (the CJEU) is that acts adopted by Union institutions and bodies are to be reviewed by Union courts, while acts adopted by national institutions and bodies are to be reviewed by the national courts. Although the EPPO is an indivisible Union body, the judicial review of the procedural acts of the EPPO will first and foremost be a task for the national courts according to Article 42 of the Regulation. Since it follows from the hierarchy of norms that secondary law must comply with primary law, this thesis examines whether the system of judicial review of procedural acts of the EPPO, as prescribed in Article 42 of the Regulation, complies with the Treaty framework of judicial review and the right to effective judicial protection enshrined in Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental rights of the European Union (the Charter). The main finding of the thesis is that the system of judicial review of procedural acts of the EPPO, as prescribed in the Article 42 of the Regulation, does not comply with the Treaty framework of judicial review or the right to effective judicial protection enshrined in Article 47 of the Charter.
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Letteau, Gabrielle Tracey. "A court without resort? comparative aspects of the "Act of State" doctrine : traditional limitations on the judiciary's power of review, and its implications for Hong Kong's court of final appeals /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38627826.
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Hanf, Christian. "Rechtsschutz gegen Inhalts- und Nebenbestimmungen zu Verwaltungsakten /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/371109213.pdf.
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Hopkins, Elana. "Grounds for review of administrative action : the interaction between the constitution, the act and the common law." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51779.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African administrative law has undergone drastic changes since the inception of the interim Constitution, which elevated 'administrative justice' to a constitutionally entrenched fundamental right in section 24. Although the successor of this section, the 'must administrative action' clause in section 33 FC, did not enter into force on 5 February 1996 with the rest of the Constitution, it required more changes to administrative law in the form of legislation, when read together with item 23 Schedule 6 FC. The two most significant factors that brought about change were the passage of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 in terms of section 33 FC read with item 23 Schedule 6, and the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers case. This study shows that in order to give effect to the requirements of the Constitution, the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act and the ruling of the Constitutional Court, administrative law must be reorganised. When this happens, section 33 FC, which gives force to the common law that informs administrative law, becomes the starting point in administrative law matters. Although the Act exists under the Constitution and parallel to the common law, Parliament foresees that the Act and the common law will in time become one system of law. It further provides for the direct application of the Constitution by those who cannot find a remedy in the Act. The study further shows that, as not all the common law constitutional principles that previously provided the common law grounds for review of administrative action have been taken up by the Constitution, the possibility exists that some of the common law grounds do not continue to be relevant to the review of administrative action. The Act, which articulates the right to 'just administrative action' as viewed by government, contains most of the common law grounds for review. It is therefore argued that, after the Act has entered into force, the continued relevance of those that have been omitted from the Act, needs to be determined before they can be used through the direct application of section 33 FC. To test for relevance, the requirements in section 33(1) Fe, 'lawfulness', reasonableness' and 'procedural fairness', are therefore interpreted in the study in order to determine which statutory grounds relate to each and which common law grounds have been omitted from the Act. The conclusion reached is that grounds available for the review of administrative action consist of the statutory grounds for review together with the omitted common law grounds that continue to be relevant to the judicial review of administrative action.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die inwerkingtreding van die interim Grondwet, wat 'administratiewe gerigtigheid' tot 'n grondwetlike reg verhef het in artikel 24, het die Suid-Afrikaanse administratiefreg drastiese veranderinge ondergaan. Al het die reg op 'n 'regverdige administratiewe optrede' in artikel33 FG nie op 5 Februarie 1996 in werking getree saam met die res van die Grondwet nie, het die klousule nog veranderinge, in die vorm van wetgewing, vereis. Die twee belangrikste faktore wat veranderinge to gevolg gehad het, was die aanneming van die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid, Wet 3 van 2000, en die beslissing van die Konstitusionele Hof in die Pharmaceutical Manufacturers-saak. Hierdie studie bevind dat die administratiefreg heringedeel sal moet word om effek te gee aan die vereistes van die Grondwet, die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid en die beslissing van die Konstitutionele Hof. As dit plaasvind, word artikel 33 FG, wat aan die gemenereg krag verleën, die beginpunt in administratiefregtelike aangeleenthede. Al bestaan die Wet onder die Grondwet en parallel tot die gemenereg, voorsien die regering dat die Wet en die gemenereg in die toekoms een stelsel word. Daar word verder voorsiening gemaak vir die direkte toegpassing van artikel33 deur persone wat nie 'n remedie in die Wet kan vind nie. Die studie bevind verder dat, omdat al die gemeenregtelike konstitusionele beginsels wat voorheen die gronde van hersiening verskaf het nie in die Grondwet opgeneem is nie, die moontlikheid bestaan dat sekere van die gemeenregtelike gronde nie relevant bly vir die hersiening van administratiewe handelinge nie. Die Wet, wat die reg op 'n '[r]egverdige administratiewe optrede' verwoord soos dit gesien word deur die regering, bevat meeste van die gemeenregtelike gronde van hersiening. Daarom word daar geargumenteer dat die voortgesette relevantheid van die gemeenregtelike gronde van hersiening wat uitgelaat is uit die Wet eers bepaal moet word voordat hulle gebruik kan word deur die direkte toepassing van artikel 33 nadat die Wet in werking getree het. Om te toets vir relevantheid, moet die vereistes in artikel 33 FG, 'regmatigheid', 'redelikheid' en 'prosedurele billikheid' geïnterpreteer word om te bepaal watter statutêre gronde onder elk klassifiseer en watter gemmenregtelike gronde uitgelaat is uit die Wet. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die gronde van hersiening beskikbaar vir die hersiening van administratiewe handelinge bestaan uit statutêre gronde van hersiening sowel as die weggelate gemeenregtelike gronde van hersiening wat relevant bly vir die judisiële hersiening van administratiewe handelinge.
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Ward, Ian Robert. "Misleading government information : an analysis of the legal remedies available to affected citizens." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24439.
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In the twentieth century, a dynamic expansion of its activities and powers has made government a major supplier of information on an enormous range of topics of concern to citizens. Unfortunately, the information which it provides is not always completely reliable: sometimes it is inaccurate, and government is powerless to protect the citizen from the consequences; at others, it proves misleading because government chooses later to disown it. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the legal remedies available to citizens misled by government information.
The analysis has two principal areas of investigation. First, consideration is given to the means whereby the citizen may be able to hold government bound by information which it has provided to him. Separate treatment is given to the situations in which the misleading information deprives the citizen of a benefit or inflicts on him a loss, and in which it subjects him to the risk of criminal liability. Secondly, consideration is given to the possibility of holding government responsible in damages for the consequences of its information being misleading.
Of central importance in this wide-ranging analysis is the issue of the proper role of the courts. This stems from the fact that complaints about misleading government information frequently involve challenges to government decisions. Thus the majority of attempts by citizens to hold government bound by its information are generated by the making by government itself of a decision inconsistent with that information. Again, attempts to hold government responsible in damages for the consequences of providing misleading information commonly involve an allegation that a particular government decision relating to the provision of that information was negligent. It is emphasized throughout this thesis that the courts should refuse assistance to a citizen whose complaint of misleading government information is directed essentially towards a government decision, where that decision involves a determination of the priority of competing interests and values represented in society. The provision of a remedy in such a case would enable the courts effectively to review the choices embodied in value-laden government decisions, and as such would facilitate an unwarranted extension of their constitutional role.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
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Bednar, Jeannine. "The extent to which review for unreasonableness is meaningfully incorporated in the promotion of Administrative Justice Act No. 3 of 2000." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/320/.
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Armstrong, Gillian Claire. "Administrative justice and tribunals in South Africa : a commonwealth comparison." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17997.
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Thesis (LLM )--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the field of administrative law, the judiciary has traditionally exercised control over the administrative actions of the executive through judicial review. However, judicial review is neither the most effective nor the most efficient primary control mechanism for systemic administrative improvement. In a country faced with a task of =transformative constitutionalism‘, and hindered with scarce resources, there is good cause to limit judicial intervention as the first response to administrative disputes. The major theme of this thesis is to investigate the feasibility of administrative tribunal reform in South Africa, using two other commonwealth countries, Australia and England, as a basis for comparison. Australia and England have been chosen for comparison because they share similar administrative law traditions and they can provide working models of coherent tribunal structures. The Australian tribunal system is well-established and consists of tribunals which fall under the control of the executive, while tribunals in England have recently undergone a significant transformation, and are now part of the independent judiciary. The South African government currently spends, indeed wastes, a significant amount of money on administrative law litigation. Due to the limitations of judicial review, even after the high costs of litigation and the long duration of court proceedings, the results achieved may still be unsatisfactory. Furthermore, judicial review is unsuited to giving effect to systemic administrative change and the improvement of initial decision-making. Australia and England have begun to move away from the traditional court model for the resolution of administrative disputes. Both have indicated a preference for the important role of tribunals in the administration of disputes. Tribunals have been shown to offer the advantage of being speedier, cheaper, more efficient, more participatory and more accessible than traditional courts, which contributes to tribunals being a more available resource for lay people or people without sophisticated legal knowledge, and provides wider access to remedies than courts. The English and Australian models indicate a few important trends which need to be applied universally to ensure a sustained tribunal reform and a system which provides a higher level of administrative redress than the over-burdened and institutionally inept courts currently do. These include co-operation among government departments and tribunals; open and accountable systemic change; the need for supervision and evaluation of the whole of administrative law by an independent and competent body; and ultimately a focus on the needs of users of state services. At the same time, there are arguments against administrative tribunal reform. These include the costs of reform; the ways to establish tribunals; and the level of independence shown by the tribunals. These arguments are especially relevant in the South African context, where the government faces huge social problems and a scarcity of resources. However, after an analysis of the valuable characteristics of tribunals and the role that they serve in the day to day administration of justice, it is difficult to see how these objections to tribunals can outweigh their potential importance in the administrative justice system. The need for sustained systematic reform in South Africa is one that cannot be ignored. Tribunals offer a valuable alternative to judicial review for the resolution of administrative disputes. Furthermore, the tribunal systems of Australia and England demonstrate how the effective creation and continued use of comprehensive tribunal structures contributes firstly to cost reduction and secondly to ease the administrative burden on courts who are not suited to cure large-scale administrative error.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die administratiefreg oefen die regsprekende gesag tradisioneel beheer uit oor die uitvoerende gesag deur middel van geregtelike hersiening. Geregtelike hersiening is egter nie die mees doeltreffende of effektiewe primêre beheermeganisme om sistemiese administratiewe verbetering teweeg te bring nie. In 'n land met die uitdagings van 'transformatiewe konstitusionalisme‘ en skaars hulpbronne, kan 'n goeie argument gevoer word dat geregtelike inmenging as die eerste antwoord op administratiewe dispute beperk moet word. Die deurlopende tema van hierdie tesis is 'n ondersoek na die lewensvatbaarheid van hervorming van administratiewe tribunale in Suid-Afrika, in vergelyking met die posisie in Australië en Engeland, waarvan beide ook, tesame met Suid-Afrika, deel vorm van die Statebond. Hierdie lande is gekies vir regsvergelykende studie aangesien hulle 'n administratiefregtelike tradisie met Suid-Afrika deel en beide werkende modelle van duidelike tribunale strukture daarstel. Die Australiese tribunale stelsel is goed gevestig en bestaan uit tribunale onder die beheer van die uitvoerende gesag, terwyl die tribunale stelsel in Engeland onlangs 'n beduidende hervorming ondergaan het en nou deel van die onafhanklike regsprekende gesag is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering mors aansienlike hoeveelhede geld op administratiefregtelike litigasie. Selfs na hoë koste en lang vertragings van litigasie mag die resultate steeds onbevredigend wees as gevolg van die beperkings inherent aan geregtelike hersiening. Tesame met hierdie oorwegings is geregtelike hersiening ook nie gerig op sistemiese administratiewe verandering en verbetering van aanvanklike besluitneming nie. Australië en Engeland het onlangs begin wegbeweeg van die tradisionele hof-gebaseerde model vir die oplossing van administratiewe dispute. Beide toon 'n voorkeur vir die belangrike rol wat tribunale in die administrasie van dispute kan speel Tribunale bied die bewese voordele om vinniger, goedkoper, meer doeltreffend, meer deelnemend en meer toeganklik te wees as tradisionele howe, sodat tribunale 'n meer beskikbare hulpbron is vir leke, oftewel, persone sonder gesofistikeerde regskennis en dus beter toegang tot remedies as tradisionele howe verskaf. Die Engelse en Australiese modelle dui op enkele belangrike tendense wat universeel toegepas moet word om volgehoue tribunale hervorming te verseker en om =n stelsel te skep wat 'n hoër vlak van administratiewe geregtigheid daarstel as wat oorlaaide en institusioneel onbekwame howe kan. Dit verwys bepaald na samewerking tussen staatsdepartemente en tibunale; deursigtige en verantwoordbare sistemiese veranderinge; die behoefte aan toesighouding en evaluasie van die hele administratiefreg deur 'n onafhanklike, bevoegde liggaam; en uiteindelik 'n fokus op die behoeftes van die gebruikers van staatsdienste. Daar is egter terselfdertyd ook argumente teen administratiewe tribunale hervorming. Hierdie argumente sluit in die koste van hervorming; die wyses waarop tribunale gevestig word; en die vlak van onafhanklikheid voorgehou deur tribunale. Hierdie argumente is veral relevant in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks waar die regering voor groot sosiale probleme te staan kom en daarby ingesluit, 'n tekort aan hulpbronne ook moet hanteer. Daarenteen is dit moeilik om in te sien hoe enige teenkanting en teenargumente met betrekking tot die vestiging van administratiewe tribunale swaarder kan weeg as die potensiële belang van sulke tribunale in die administratiewe geregtigheidstelsel, veral nadat 'n analise van die waardevolle karaktereienskappe van tribunale en die rol wat hulle speel in die dag-tot-dag administrasie van geregtigheid onderneem is. Die behoefte aan volhoubare sistemiese hervorming in Suid-Afrika kan nie geïgnoreer word nie. Tribunale bied 'n waardevolle alternatief tot geregtelike hersiening met die oog op die oplossing van administratiewe dispute. Tesame hiermee demonstreer die tribunale stelsels in Australië en Engeland hoe die doeltreffende vestiging en deurlopende gebruik van omvattende tribunale bydra, eerstens om kostes verbonde aan die oplossing van administratiewe dispute te verlaag en tweedens, om die administratiewe las op die howe, wat nie aangelê is daarvoor om grootskaalse administratiewe foute reg te stel nie, te verlig.
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劉丹. "抽象行政行為司法審查理論研究 : 完善我國抽象行政行為司法審查制度 = Theoretical research on the judicial review of abstract administrative act : improve the judicial review system of abstract administrative act in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2179143.
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Müller, Sophia. "Talking Back: An Examination of Legislative Sequels Produced by the National Assembly of Quebec in Response to Judicial Invalidation of the Charter of the French Language." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35880.
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Grounding its approach in historical and discursive institutionalist frameworks, this thesis examines the process of judicial review through an evaluation of Hogg et al.’s Charter dialogue hypothesis as it pertains to judicial invalidation of sections of the Charter of the French Language (CFL) and the legislative sequels produced by the National Assembly of Quebec (i.e. Bills 178 and 86). When examined from an historical institutionalist perspective, the National Assembly of Quebec appears to have strategized its response through an assertion of parliamentary sovereignty, rather than the desire to engage in a “dialogue” with the Supreme Court of Canada. However, a closer examination of how the Bourassa government crafted Bill 178 reveals that the first ‘legislative response’ to the Supreme Court’s decision in Devine and Ford was crafted exclusively by the executive branch, in virtual secrecy among a handful of Bourassa’s cabinet members. Displeased with the outcome of Bill 178, Anglophone civil society actors challenged the legitimacy of the CFL, as well as the notwithstanding mechanism at an international level, with their submission of Ballantyne, Davidson, McIntyre v. Canada to the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHRC). In 1993, the UNHRC ruled that Bill 178 violated sections of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The UNHRC’s decision eventually pressured the National Assembly of Quebec to amend Bill 178 with the passage of Bill 86, and consequently brought the Supreme Court’s remedies into partial effect. However, Quebec’s subsequent amendment to the CFL, Bill 86, was not a “legislative sequel” in response to judicial nullification; rather it was primarily a response to comply to international human rights norms. Bill 86 amended sections 58 and 68 of the CFL, but contrary to the recommendations of linguistic equality set forth by the Supreme Court, the Bourassa government ensured that French remained the predominant language on signage. The evidence in this thesis suggests that Charter compliance was an almost secondary effect caused by the primary objective of Quebec’s adherence to international human rights norms for the purpose of continued participation in international affairs. In its rejection of the Charter dialogue model, this thesis uncouples the pairing of the notwithstanding clause with the notion of parliamentary sovereignty and, in doing so, raises critical questions regarding the roles of the provincial executive and legislative branches during the process of constitutional interpretation. This thesis concludes that in lieu of Charter dialogue, a modified version of Baker’s model of coordinate interpretation is a more appropriate model of judicial review for summarizing the interaction of actors within the case studies of Bills 178 and 86.
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Letteau, Gabrielle Tracey. "A court without resort?: comparative aspects of the "Act of State" doctrine : traditional limitations on thejudiciary's power of review, and its implications for Hong Kong'scourt of final appeals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38627826.
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Xu, Zi Wei. "Legal standing of private parties within judicial reviews in the European Community : the missing piece in a complete system of remedies?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2099272.
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Bucci, Eduardo Sadalla. "A análise do controle de constitucionalidade de omissões legislativas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na Constituição Federal de 1988." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-05022018-075138/.
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A presente dissertação de mestrado, apresentada como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito, na área de concentração do Direito do Estado, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. José Levi Mello do Amaral Júnior, tem como tema análise do controle de constitucionalidade de omissões legislativas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na Constituição Federal de 1988. A delimitação da pesquisa empírica é referente aos julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal, em sede de controle de constitucionalidade, abstrato ou concreto, de omissões legislativas, no período temporal de 05 de outubro de 1988 a 18 de dezembro de 2015. Com o levantamento dos dados chegou-se à divisão entre omissão legislativa total e omissão legislativa parcial. Com a análise dos julgados chegou-se à definição jurisprudencial de omissão legislativa, não sendo exatamente coincidente com a definição externada por parte da doutrina. Por fim, com o contexto de análise traçada, exarou-se conclusão crítica, definindo-se a necessidade de alteração legislativa para que as omissões decididas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, ao serem cientificadas ao Congresso Nacional, sejam realizadas com prazo para a colmatação da mora, sob pena de trancamento da pauta.This dissertation is presented as partial requirement for obtaining the degree of Master in Law in concentration area of state law under the guidance of Prof. Dr. José Levi do Amaral Mello Júnior, has the theme analysis of judicial review of legislative omissions by the Supreme Court on Federal Constitution of 1988. The definition of the empirical research is related to the judgements of Supreme Court in judicial review, abstract or factual, of legislative omissions from 5 October 1988 to 18 December 2015. Hereupon, under this analysis obtained the jurisprudential definition of legislative omissions, which is not exactly coincident with the externalised definition by the doctrine. Ultimately, considering the method analysed, was consigned critical conclusion defining the need of legislative changing thus the omissions decided by the Supreme Court, aware the National Congress, are carried out with a deadline for warping under penalty of locking out the trial.
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Sousa, Luís Alberto Miranda Garcia de. "Controle de constitucionalidade e interpretação razoável da Constituição: Uma investigação em torno dos efeitos do princípio democrático sobre a partilha da autoridade interpretativa final da Constituição." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1748.
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O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a legitimidade do controle judicial de constitucionalidade das leis, à luz do princípio democrático. Assim, o problema básico que se enfrenta nesta dissertação é o seguinte: considerados o fato do pluralismo, a existência de desacordos razoáveis na sociedade e a textura acentuadamente aberta das normas constitucionais, em que situações é legítimo que o juiz constitucional substitua a interpretação que o legislador deu à norma constitucional pela sua, própria? Em outros termos, quais seriam os critérios interpretativos (jurídicos e metajurídicos) que poderiam orientar o controle judicial de constitucionalidade das leis, de modo a se atingir um equilíbrio entre ativismo e deferência para com as decisões tomadas no âmbito do poder legislativo, de acordo com as regras do processo democrático? Para responder a essa pergunta elabora-se um discurso de justificação da revisão judicial das leis e, complementarmente, sugere-se também um método de obtenção de decisão (aplicável especificamente no momento do controle judicial de constitucionalidade das leis) estruturado para assegurar a otimização do princípio democrático.This work is an inquiry about the legitimacy of judicial review of legislation under the democratic principle. The basic question this study purports to answer is this: taking into consideration the fact of pluralism, the existence of reasonable disagreements among people, and the open texture of constitutional law, in which situations are constitutional courts authorized to substitute their own constitutional interpretation for the interpretation chosen by the legislative body in the lawmaking process? The proposed answer to this question is given in two parts. First, we present some arguments to justify judicial review of legislation in a limited fashion. Second, we suggest a decision-making method (applicable specifically to judicial review of legislation) that is designed to ensure the optimization of democratic principle.
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Mello, Cristiana De Santis Mendes de Farias. "O revigoramento do poder legislativo: uma agenda para o século XXI." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4883.
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O Legislativo é vital para o autogoverno coletivo e para a contenção do poder. Impõe-se revigorá-lo. Esta dissertação traz propostas para incrementar a legitimidade do Poder Legislativo que independem da reforma política. A primeira proposta consiste na correção de algumas práticas comprometedoras da atuação do Legislativo, quais sejam, a falta de apreciação do veto, a atual forma de elaboração e execução da lei orçamentária, o poder excessivo dos líderes e a tutela jurisdicional limitada do devido processo legislativo. A segunda proposta reside no fortalecimento das comissões temáticas, arenas mais adequadas do que o Plenário para desenvolver o potencial deliberativo do Parlamento. Esses órgãos fracionários podem empregar a avaliação de impacto, recurso que se destina a aprimorar a legislação. A terceira proposta corresponde à regulamentação do lobby. A institucionalização dessa atividade revela-se essencial para imprimir-lhe transparência, de modo a possibilitar o controle, e para minimizar o desequilíbrio no acesso aos tomadores de decisão.The Legislative Branch is vital to collective self-government and to restrain power. It is necessary to reinvigorate it. This dissertation brings proposals to increase the legitimacy of the Legislative Branch that are independent from the political reform. The first proposal consists in correcting some practices that compromise the performance of the Legislative, which are, the lack of appreciation of veto, the current form of budget preparation and execution, the excessive power of the leaders and the limited jurisdictional review of the due process of law. The second proposal aims at the strengthening of the committees, which are arenas more adequate than the Plenary to develop the deliberative potential of the Parliament. These fractional organs can use the impact assessment, which is a tool intended to improve legislation. The third proposal corresponds to the regulation of lobbying. The institutionalization of this activity is essential to imprint transparency to the process so as to allow control and to minimize the imbalance in access to decision makers.
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Roters, Dominik. "Die gebotene Kontrolldichte bei der gerichtlichen Prüfung der Richtlinien des Bundesausschusses der Ärzte und Krankenkassen /." Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Lang, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010170251&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Távora, Rodrigo de Almeida. "Modulação temporal de efeitos: uma abordagem dogmática e dialógica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5294.
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A presente dissertação objetiva ampliar o tratamento dogmático da modulação temporal dos efeitos da decisão que reconhece a inconstitucionalidade de atos normativos. Busca-se também abordar a perspectiva prospectiva no controle de legalidade e na aferição de juridicidade dos demais atos não normativos praticados no âmbito dos três poderes. Além de abordar os pressupostos teóricos subjacentes à abordagem prospectiva, foram analisados os sistemas de controle de constitucionalidade e os distintos regimes conferidos às situações de invalidade. Promove-se a releitura do tema de forma a reconduzir a modulação dos efeitos temporais à ponderação entre os princípios constitucionais violados pela norma que se pretende declarar inválida e os que tutelam as relações jurídicas que se formaram durante a vigência da norma declarada inválida. Discorre-se particularmente sobre o tema no Brasil, evidenciando-se que a perspectiva prospectiva não se circunscreve apenas ao regramento formal estabelecido pelas normas infraconstitucionais. Por fim, apresenta-se a modulação de efeitos como uma ferramenta valiosa de diálogo institucional, que pode permitir a conciliação dos espaços próprios dos poderes constituídos, temperando um eventual ativismo judicial. Evidencia-se que a modulação temporal de efeitos funciona como ponte entre as teorias empíricas e normativas. Vale-se de abordagens consequencialistas e institucionais sem se descurar da preocupação normativa e dogmática. Permite concomitantemente o debate mais intenso e o diálogo entre os poderes, tudo com o objetivo de se assegurar a concretização dos preceitos constitucionais de uma forma mais harmônica e sistemática.This essay intends to enlarge the dogmatic approach concerning to the prospective effect of the decision which recognizes the unconstitutionality of the normative acts. The essay also addresses the prospectivity doctrine to the legality control and other acts - not regulatory - performed by the three branches. Besides addressing the theoretical assumptions underlying the prospective approach, it analyzes the judicial review system and the different schemes given to invalidity situations. It allows a new investigation about the theme in order to conduct the prospective effect to the balance between the constitutional principles violated by the rule that it wants to declare invalid and the principles which protect the legal relationships formed during the term of the rule declared invalid. The essay also addresses the subject in Brazil, showing that the prospective approach is not limited only by the standards formally established in law. Finally, the essay presents the prospective effect as a valuable tool for institutional dialogue, which may allow the reconciliation of the branches own spaces, tempering any judicial activism. The prospective effect works as a bridge between the empirical and normative theories. It takes into account consequentialist and institutional approaches without neglecting the normative and dogmatic concerns. At the same time, it allows the most intense debate and dialogue among the branches, ensuring the constitutional provisions in a more harmonious and systematic way.
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Tassaneesrivong, Varanya. "Les actes de l'Exécutif en Thaïlande." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1008.
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Qu'entend-on par actes de l'Exécutif en Thaïlande ? Ces actes sont-ils différents des actes de l'Exécutif français ? En quoi diffèrent-ils des actes de gouvernement et des actes du gouvernement ? Sont-ils des actes administratifs ? Quelle est l'étendue du contrôle du juge à leur égard ? Quel effet produit en Thaïlande l'existence d'une compétence parallèle et parfois concurrente de la juridiction administrative et de la juridiction constitutionnelle ? Telles sont quelques unes des questions auxquelles cette thèse très documentée et d'actualité tente d'apporter une réponse cohérente dans un ordre juridique largement bouleversé par les évènements politiques récentsWhat are acts of Executive in Thailand? Are they different from acts of Executive in France? How are the acts of government (acte de gouvernement) different from government's act (acte du gouvernement)? Are they administrative acts? What is the scope of judicial review of those acts? What is the effect in Thailand of a parallel and sometimes competing jurisdiction of the Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court? These are some of the questions that this thesis in a thorough judicial and administrative review in order to provide an answer in a clear and concise order due to the recent political events
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Madebwe, Tinashe Masvimbo. "Assessing the duty to exhaust internal remedies in the South African law." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007253.
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Since the incorporation of the separation of powers doctrine into the South African Constitution, the problem has arisen that, each of the three tiers of government, the Executive, the Judiciary and the Legislature, has sought to protect exclusive jurisdiction over matters that fall within what constitutes that tier's own realm of authority. The effects of this are especially apparent in the field of dispute resolution in administrative law. The administration is predominantly the province of the Executive, and to a lesser extent, the Legislature. Thus, the acceptability of judicial review in dispute resolution and generally, the intrusion by the Judiciary in matters of the administration is perennially questioned and challenged by both the Executive and the Legislature. In this context, the duty to exhaust internal remedies assumes a pivotal role. It offers a compromise, by prescribing qualified exclusion of judicial review as a first port of call for dispute resolution while simultaneously entrusting initial dispute resolution to the administration. Often, this approach yields tangible results, but from a constitutional and fundamental rights perspective, the duty to exhaust internal remedies is problematic. Its exclusion of judicial review goes against, not only the right of access to court in section 34 of the Constitution, but also the rule of law, to the extent that the rule of law allows for the challenging, in court, of illegal administrative action as soon as it is taken. This thesis analyses the constitutionality of the duty to exhaust internal remedies in section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act by assessing the consistency of section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act with the right of access to court in section 34 of the Constitution. The thesis initially examines the origins and historical development of the duty to exhaust internal remedies in the English law, and the subsequent adoption of the duty to exhaust internal remedies into the South African common law for the purpose of interpreting and comprehending the duty to exhaust internal remedies as it is appears in section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act. Ultimately, the study focuses on and identifies the deficiencies in the current approach to the question of the constitutionality of section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, and offers suggestions on how the law might be developed.
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Bacon, Rachel. "Amalgamating tribunals: a recipe for optimal reform." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/621.
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The last decade has seen numerous proposals to reform existing tribunal systems in jurisdictions throughout the common law world. Across the board, there have been proposals to adopt generalist tribunal models in preference to smaller, specialist tribunal systems, and to achieve these changes through the process of amalgamation. The most significant recent developments to occur in Australia have taken place in Victoria and NSW during the past five years. Legislators in these States have chosen to amalgamate a number of smaller, specialist tribunals into larger, generalist bodies. In 1997 the NSW Parliament passed legislation amalgamating a number of specialist tribunals to create the Administrative Decisions Tribunal (ADT); comparable legislation was passed in Victoria in 1998 to create the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). There were concurrent attempts to implement similar reforms at federal level. In 1998 the Commonwealth government announced its intention to amalgamate four Commonwealth merits review tribunals to form one �super Tribunal� � the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). The Bills containing these proposals were ultimately defeated in the Senate, however the Australian Government remains convinced of the benefits of amalgamation at federal level. Similar reforms have been proposed in Western Australia, Tasmania and the United Kingdom. This thesis argues that these reforms are taking place in the absence of data about their likely implications, and without a thorough understanding of the objectives that generalist versus specialist tribunal systems can realistically achieve. This ill-considered or �over-hasty� trend towards amalgamation raises a number of questions which have not previously been addressed in academic or policy-making circles. An obvious question is whether or not an amalgamated tribunal model is more effective than a series of smaller, specialised tribunals in delivering administrative justice, in other words, whether there is any net gain to be had from a government�s decision to amalgamate. The less explored, but equally important, question addressed in this thesis is how the process of amalgamation should be approached in order to realise the maximum potential benefits that an amalgamated tribunal can bring. That is, to ask what are the ingredients of an optimal amalgamation. This is not a question about whether government decisions to pursue amalgamation are intrinsically worthwhile or beneficial for stakeholders. Rather, it is about how government decisions to amalgamate should best be implemented. This thesis proposes a way of differentiating between good and bad amalgamations, that is grounded in theory and informed by experience to date. The proposed approach is to assess the effectiveness of amalgamation processes using relevant measures drawn from an analysis of organisational theory literature: � Legislation � the legislation establishing an amalgamated tribunal needs to ensure the tribunal will have appropriate independence, powers, processes, membership and structure. � Political commitment � those responsible for proposing and planning an amalgamation need to provide appropriate funding and support for the process and for the establishment of an autonomous, self-directed tribunal. � Organisational structure � the structures put in place need to be appropriate, integrated and flexible, and should promote cohesion and interaction. � Process and procedure � the processes and procedures adopted in an amalgamated tribunal need to capitalise upon the opportunities provided by amalgamation, as well as being appropriate, efficient and able to balance the needs of a range of stakeholders. � Organisational culture � an organisational culture which counters natural tendencies towards disjunction will assist members and staff to identify with a newly amalgamated tribunal and to implement initiatives that will improve its performance. � Leadership � effective leadership plays an important role in ensuring a smooth transition from specialist to amalgamated tribunal, and engendering commitment from members and staff. Broadly speaking, these factors fall into the four categories of law, context, organisation and people. It is argued that attention must be paid to all four of these ingredients in order to achieve optimal tribunal reform. The thesis tests this proposition by examining the three most advanced tribunal amalgamations so far, namely, the Commonwealth ART, the NSW ADT and VCAT in Victoria. It is argued that the fate of the Commonwealth ART proposal proves the importance of a solid, generally endorsed legislative foundation in creating a viable amalgamated tribunal. The importance of context, organisation and people is borne out by qualitative research into the amalgamation experiences in NSW and Victoria. The fact that the NSW and Victorian governments decided to pursue policies of amalgamation at the same time provided a unique opportunity to compare the success or otherwise of two concurrent attempts at amalgamation in different jurisdictions. This thesis finds that the unfavourable political context in NSW prevented the ADT from realising its potential. In contrast, the VCAT experience highlights the benefits of paying careful attention to the wide range of factors that can contribute to a successful amalgamation. Of most relevance are the initial scale of an amalgamation, the political �will� behind its implementation, the appointment of a core of full-time members, and the creation of an open institutional culture which facilitates the sharing of information. In short, the thesis concludes that the successful construction and consolidation of a tribunal post-amalgamation requires that the necessary ingredients of optimal tribunal reform � legislation, context, organisation and people � are thoughtfully addressed.
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Bacon, Rachel. "Amalgamating tribunals a recipe for optimal reform /." University of Sydney. Law, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/621.
Full textAbstract:
The last decade has seen numerous proposals to reform existing tribunal systems in jurisdictions throughout the common law world. Across the board, there have been proposals to adopt generalist tribunal models in preference to smaller, specialist tribunal systems, and to achieve these changes through the process of amalgamation. The most significant recent developments to occur in Australia have taken place in Victoria and NSW during the past five years. Legislators in these States have chosen to amalgamate a number of smaller, specialist tribunals into larger, generalist bodies. In 1997 the NSW Parliament passed legislation amalgamating a number of specialist tribunals to create the Administrative Decisions Tribunal (ADT); comparable legislation was passed in Victoria in 1998 to create the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). There were concurrent attempts to implement similar reforms at federal level. In 1998 the Commonwealth government announced its intention to amalgamate four Commonwealth merits review tribunals to form one �super Tribunal� � the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). The Bills containing these proposals were ultimately defeated in the Senate, however the Australian Government remains convinced of the benefits of amalgamation at federal level. Similar reforms have been proposed in Western Australia, Tasmania and the United Kingdom. This thesis argues that these reforms are taking place in the absence of data about their likely implications, and without a thorough understanding of the objectives that generalist versus specialist tribunal systems can realistically achieve. This ill-considered or �over-hasty� trend towards amalgamation raises a number of questions which have not previously been addressed in academic or policy-making circles. An obvious question is whether or not an amalgamated tribunal model is more effective than a series of smaller, specialised tribunals in delivering administrative justice, in other words, whether there is any net gain to be had from a government�s decision to amalgamate. The less explored, but equally important, question addressed in this thesis is how the process of amalgamation should be approached in order to realise the maximum potential benefits that an amalgamated tribunal can bring. That is, to ask what are the ingredients of an optimal amalgamation. This is not a question about whether government decisions to pursue amalgamation are intrinsically worthwhile or beneficial for stakeholders. Rather, it is about how government decisions to amalgamate should best be implemented. This thesis proposes a way of differentiating between good and bad amalgamations, that is grounded in theory and informed by experience to date. The proposed approach is to assess the effectiveness of amalgamation processes using relevant measures drawn from an analysis of organisational theory literature: � Legislation � the legislation establishing an amalgamated tribunal needs to ensure the tribunal will have appropriate independence, powers, processes, membership and structure. � Political commitment � those responsible for proposing and planning an amalgamation need to provide appropriate funding and support for the process and for the establishment of an autonomous, self-directed tribunal. � Organisational structure � the structures put in place need to be appropriate, integrated and flexible, and should promote cohesion and interaction. � Process and procedure � the processes and procedures adopted in an amalgamated tribunal need to capitalise upon the opportunities provided by amalgamation, as well as being appropriate, efficient and able to balance the needs of a range of stakeholders. � Organisational culture � an organisational culture which counters natural tendencies towards disjunction will assist members and staff to identify with a newly amalgamated tribunal and to implement initiatives that will improve its performance. � Leadership � effective leadership plays an important role in ensuring a smooth transition from specialist to amalgamated tribunal, and engendering commitment from members and staff. Broadly speaking, these factors fall into the four categories of law, context, organisation and people. It is argued that attention must be paid to all four of these ingredients in order to achieve optimal tribunal reform. The thesis tests this proposition by examining the three most advanced tribunal amalgamations so far, namely, the Commonwealth ART, the NSW ADT and VCAT in Victoria. It is argued that the fate of the Commonwealth ART proposal proves the importance of a solid, generally endorsed legislative foundation in creating a viable amalgamated tribunal. The importance of context, organisation and people is borne out by qualitative research into the amalgamation experiences in NSW and Victoria. The fact that the NSW and Victorian governments decided to pursue policies of amalgamation at the same time provided a unique opportunity to compare the success or otherwise of two concurrent attempts at amalgamation in different jurisdictions. This thesis finds that the unfavourable political context in NSW prevented the ADT from realising its potential. In contrast, the VCAT experience highlights the benefits of paying careful attention to the wide range of factors that can contribute to a successful amalgamation. Of most relevance are the initial scale of an amalgamation, the political �will� behind its implementation, the appointment of a core of full-time members, and the creation of an open institutional culture which facilitates the sharing of information. In short, the thesis concludes that the successful construction and consolidation of a tribunal post-amalgamation requires that the necessary ingredients of optimal tribunal reform � legislation, context, organisation and people � are thoughtfully addressed.
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Michel, Audrey. "Le recours au mode de preuve scientifique dans le contentieux constitutionnel des droits et libertés : recherche comparée sur les méthodes des juges américain et canadien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0053/document.
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En 1908, les juges de la Cour Suprême des États-Unis citent pour la première fois des études en médecine, en sociologie et en psychologie afin de valider la constitutionnalité d’une loi. Depuis, le recours aux preuves scientifiques s’est largement développé et il a pris une place dans le travail du juge aux États-Unis et au Canada. La preuve scientifique se présente comme un outil d’information essentiel pour le juge dans le contentieux constitutionnel des droits et libertés. Elle permet ainsi de décrire les réalités sociales et les aspects techniques qui intéressent directement la résolution des questions constitutionnelles. Au delà de son rôle d'information, son recours s’inscrit dans une logique de concrétisation de l’analyse constitutionnelle. Plus précisément, les critères du contrôle de constitutionnalité impliquent des questions de faits que la preuve scientifique pourra démontrer. En prenant ainsi un tout autre rôle, le recours aux preuves scientifiques questionne sur la nature du contrôle de constitutionnalité et sur les méthodes du juge. Malgré l’intérêt des juges américain et canadien pour ce mode de preuve, leur statut et leur régime juridique dans le contentieux constitutionnel demeurent indéterminés. Ces incertitudes touchent tant des questions de procédure que des questions de fond sur leur rôle dans l’analyse constitutionnelle et dans le raisonnement du juge. Dès lors, la recherche d'un cadre méthodologique a semblé nécessaire. Ce modèle permet de revaloriser l’apport des preuves scientifiques dans le contentieux constitutionnel et il contribue à la protection des droits et libertés. Il présente, alors, un intérêt pour l'ensemble juges constitutionnelsIn 1908, the U.S. Supreme Court Justices made several citations of medical, sociology andpsychology studies for the first time. Since then, the use of scientific evidence has expanded and it became an important part of the work of the Supreme Court of the U.S. as well as the Supreme Court of Canada. Scientific evidence is an essential tool to inform judges in constitutional rights cases. It gives information on social realities and technical questions which are directly relevant to resolve questions of law. However, the use of scientific evidence is more than a medium of information. Indeed, it implies an interest for facts that go beyond the parties. Constitutional doctrine itself implies empirical questions that could find answers in scientific evidence. By determining those facts, scientific evidence becomes a part of the constitutional doctrineitself. Consequently, the use of scientific evidence interrogates on the nature of judicial review and on the judge’s methods. Thought judges in the U.S. and in Canada frequently cite scientific evidence, their use is mostly unregulated and indeterminate. The uncertainties surrounding the use of scientific evidence concern procedural questions as well as questions regarding their role in decisionmaking. Those questions must be answered. Once resolved, we research a methodological framework in which scientific evidence could be used consistently by American and Canadian judges. This approach is essential to reassert the value of scientific evidence in constitutionalrights cases and to improve constitutional rights protection. Finally, this framework might be relevant for judges beyond the United States and Canada
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Blero, Bernard. "Du droit objectif aux droits politiques des administrés: essai sur la répartition des compétences entre le juge judiciaire et le juge de l'excès de pouvoir." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212095.
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Amédro, Jean-François. "Le juge administratif et la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat sous la IIIe République : un exemple des interactions entre les institutions républicaines et le contrôle juridictionnel de l'administration." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020010/document.
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Le contentieux administratif de la séparation des Eglises et de l’Etat sous la IIIe République est un objet ancien de curiosité doctrinale. Un renouvellement de l’approche traditionnelle était cependant possible. Alors que les études classiques insistent sur l’apport du Conseil d’Etat à la réussite de la Séparation et à la protection des libertés de conscience et des cultes, il est envisageable d’étudier la jurisprudence sous l’angle des interactions entre les institutions républicaines et le contrôle juridictionnel de l’administration. Soumise à cette problématique, l’oeuvre du Conseil d’Etat permet une approche monografique de l’histoire de la juridiction administrative républicaine révélant les influences réciproques entre le juge administratif et les institutions républicaines. Dans le cas du contentieux de la Séparation, la jurisprudence administrative a ainsi joué un rôle décisif dans la mise en oeuvre et l’approfondissement des grands principes de la loi du 9 décembre 1905, contribuant à donner une consistance à la notion juridique de laïcité de l’Etat. Dans le même temps, et spécialement dans le cadre du contentieux de la police des cultes, le contexte politique et juridique de la Séparation a contribué à la construction du recours pour excès de pouvoir républicain. Cet apport s’est manisfesté par la modernisation des techniques de contrôle juridictionnel et par un encadrement plus étroit du pouvoir discrétionnaire de l’autorité de police. En abordant ces deux aspects du contentieux de la Séparation, cette étude voudrait éclairer la transformation d’une justice administrative d’inspiration impériale en une justice administrative démocratique et républicaineLaw scolars are traditionnally interested in the implementation of the separation of church and state by the administrative courts during the Third Republic. However, a renewal of the classic understanding was possible. While classic studies focus on the contribution of the Conseil d’Etat to the success of the Séparation and the protection of freedom of thought and religion, it is conceivable to study administrative case law from the angle of interactions between republican institutions and judicial review of administration. This methodological framework allows to underline mutual influences between the judiciary and republican institutions in the history of the administrative jurisdiction. Thus, as the Séparation is concerned, case law has played a strategic part in the implementation and enrichment of the principles established by the 9 december 1905 Act, therefore contributing to provide substance to the legal concept of laïcité de l’Etat. In the same time, and especially concerning the case law relating to the administrative regulation of expressions of religious beliefs in the public space, the political and legal context of the Séparation has had a decisive influence on the construction of the republican recours pour excès de pouvoir. This contribution consisted in a modernization of the judicial review techniques and a more accurate control of discretionary powers of the administrative authority. Through the study of the two main aspects of administrative case law relating to the Séparation, this research would like to enlighten the transformation of the traditional imperial-type administrative jurisdiction into a democratic and republican one
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Lestrade, Éric. "Les principes directeurs du procès dans la jurisprudence du Conseil Constitutionnel." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40033/document.
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Malgré le peu de fondements écrits consacrés à la justice dans le texte de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958, le Conseil constitutionnel, en réalisant un travail d’actualisation à partir de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen, a permis l’émergence d’un droit constitutionnel processuel, construit autour de principes directeurs. Ceux-ci peuvent être répartis dans trois catégories : deux principales, selon que l’acteur du procès prioritairement concerné soit le juge ou les parties et une troisième, complémentaire, celle des garanties procédurales, permettant de favoriser les qualités essentielles du juge et de contrôler le respect des droits des parties. Une gradation des exigences du Conseil constitutionnel est discrètement perceptible entre les deux premières catégories de principes, plus facilement identifiable entre celles-ci et la dernière famille. Cette échelle décroissante de « densité » des principes directeurs du procès témoigne d’une véritable politique jurisprudentielle en matière de droit constitutionnel processuel, qui met l’accent sur l’accès au juge, doté des qualités indispensables à l’accomplissement de sa mission juridictionnelle. Toutefois, aussi satisfaisante que soit l’action du juge constitutionnel français à l’égard du droit du procès, celle-ci nécessiterait aujourd’hui le relais du constituant, afin de moderniser le statut constitutionnel de la justiceIn spite of a relatively low number of written dispositions dedicated to justice inside of the body of the Constitution of October 1958 4th, the constitutional Council, while updating this text through the Declaration of Human Rights, contributed to the development of a procedural constitutional law, which is structured around guiding principles. Those principles can be classified within three different categories : two major categories depend on the trial actor that is primarily concerned, either the judge or the parties; a third and additional category pertaining to procedural protections, fosters the essential qualities of the judge and secure the protection of the parties’ rights. A gradation of the requirements of the constitutional Council is discreetly perceptible between the first two categories of principles, and more easily identifiable between those first two categories and the last one. This decreasing scale of “density” yoked to the trial guiding principles highlights a genuine judicial policy when it comes to procedural constitutional law, emphasizing access to the judge, whom is given essential qualities in order to achieve its judicial duty. However, the action of the French constitutional judge, as satisfactory as it is towards the rights of the trial, would easily support the intervention of the constituent power in order to update Justice’s constitutional status
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Dony, Marianne. "La responsabilité des pouvoirs publics en cas d'intervention dans une entreprise en difficulté." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213118.
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Ramaite, Mashau Silas. "The role of the judiciary in a modern state with a tradition of legislative supremacy." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15854.
Full textAbstract:
The legislative supremacy of Parliament, a dominant characteristic of the Westminster system of government, has for a long time been the basic norm of South African constitutional law. In line with the Westminster prototype,
the South African judiciary did not have the power to review the substantive validity of legislation. The creation of a new order, based on a supreme Constitution which entrenches fundamental rights and gives the courts the
power to review not on! y the procedural validity but also the substantive validity of legislation, has brought about a significant change. This thesis examines the role of the South African judiciary during the transition from a system of legislative supremacy to one of constitutional supremacy and judicial review. The thesis is based on the interim Constitution of 1993. The entrenchment of fundamental human rights in the Constitution implies a
greater role for the judiciary. The judiciary has to apply and interpret the human rights provisions vigorously and fearlessly. The human rights provisions have to be applied and interpreted with a keen awareness that a
system of constitutional supremacy differs materially from one of legislative supremacy. In a system of legislative supremacy the intention of the legislature is paramount; in a system of constitutional supremacy the Constitution is supreme and overrides all laws, including Acts of Parliament, which are in conflict with it The doctrine of legislative supremacy has in the past led to a literalist and mechanical application of law; this has had a negative impact on the constitutional role of the South African judiciary. The provisions of a Constitution, especially its human rights provisions, are framed in wide and open ended terms; these need to be elaborated before they can be applied; the nature of these provisions, their purpose and the larger objects of the Constitution are important. The interpretation of the provisions of a supreme Constitution is incompatible with a literalistic and mechanical approach. A purposive and liberal or generous approach is called for. A framework and approach to the interpretation and application of South Africa's Bill of Rights are suggested in the thesis.Constitutional International and Indigenous Law
LL.D.
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Huang, Kwo-yih, and 黃國益. "Legislative Discreation and Judicial Review." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48449380228398817816.
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Hsieh, Ming Yu, and 謝明祐. "Judicial Review on the Legislative Facts." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80666475874483353559.
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Hua, Wu Jen, and 吳仁華. "Judicial Review on the legislative purposes based on the J.Y.Interpretations." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26544252744839889403.
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Hsiang, Cheng-Hua, and 項程華. "The Judicial Review and Legislative Self-discipline Studies in The Constitution of R.O.C." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50258439465239776958.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
中山人文社科研究所
86
The question to the judicial power is in the view to democratic legitimacy, the analysis from the basic difference between "classic democracy" and "reformed democracy theory". there are many challenges to the assumptions ofthe "classic democracy theory", which beyond human common experience. Most ofthe political scientist are able to accept "reformed democracy theory". If the power of judicial review is basis on people consent and changed by most of the people anytime, the power of judicial review is owned democratic legitimacyIn the functional approach of constitution explanation which should make thejudicial power into legislative discipline area.
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Cartier, Genevieve. "Reconceiving discretion : from discretion as power to discretion as dialogue /." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=94566&T=F.
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Bar-Siman-Tov, Ittai. "Separating Law-Making from Sausage-Making: The Case for Judicial Review of the Legislative Process." Thesis, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8HM5GMN.
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Inspired, perhaps, by the old adage that "people who like sausages and respect the law should never watch either being made," there is significant resistance among judges and scholars alike to the idea that courts should review the lawmaking process. This doctoral dissertation challenges this prevalent position, and establishes the case for judicial review of the legislative process. The dissertation develops the arguments for the authority of courts to review the legislative process; the legitimacy and theoretical justifications of such judicial review; and the practical and normative importance of such judicial involvement. It also challenges the resistance to judicial review of the legislative process by scrutinizing, and seeking to rebut, the major arguments underlying this resistance, and revealing this position's doctrinal and theoretical incoherence, and its negative consequences. In an effort to provide a multifaceted exploration of the issue, the dissertation combines multiple approaches of legal scholarship, including a legal-doctrinal approach, a comparative law approach, a jurisprudential and constitutional theory approach, and an interdisciplinary approach that draws upon political science research and several other disciplines.
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HUANG, CHU-TING, and 黃楚婷. "A Reflection and Redefinition of Legislative Discretion Based on the Critique of Standards of Judicial Review." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93dd42.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
103
Instead of being the term in positive law, “legislative discretion” is the gradually developed conception to prevent the policy-making competence of legislators from judicial review. Generally, “legislative discretion” refers to that legislators can autonomously decide on “whether”, “when” and “how” to make laws and regulations. The discussion of the conception is especially meaningful in judicial review, because the ability to make its own decisions of legislator is not refers to unscrupulousness or exempting from judicial review, instead, man can only make sure the legislative discretion by limiting “the involving degree” of judicial review. The discussion of “legislative discretion” is frequently connected to “standards of judicial review”, that means, legislative discretion is often specified by standards of judicial review. Therefore, legislative discretion involves in principle of democracy and the separation of powers, which dividing the legislative power and the judicial power. It seems to be undoubtedly that the extent of legislative power should correspond to standards of judicial review; however, it is not an easy job in judicial practice. Take Taiwan for instance, legislative discretion has little to do with standards of judicial review when the term mentioned in our judicial interpretations. Actually, the significance of legislative discretion is not only check-and-balance between the legislative power and the judicial power, but pointing out the relevance of legislators and Constitution. Owning Legislative discretion, legislators can fully consider different interests to guarantee the liberty and fundamental rights of the most of people. If judicial review cannot clarify the conception of legislative discretion, judicial self-restraint will easily become unscrupulousness on one hand; legislators’ significance in constitutional practice will be reduced on the other hand. This study argues that the significance of legislative discretion is same as judicial review, which can protect fundamental rights positively. Legislative discretion would be oversimplified if we only regard it as the limit of judicial power. If this conception is a complicated issue which involved in principle of democracy and the separation of powers, we must figure out what kind of understanding will be an good approach to well protect human rights. As a result, this study tries to redefine legislative discretion in the viewpoint of “legislative process”, and uses the model of “behavior control” in judicial review, and takes it as an approach to ensuring legislative discretion. In the text of this study, “behavior control” should not be regarded as stricter judicial review, though the examination on legislative process done by constitutional court should be emphasized. Legislative discretion, which is legislators’ policy-making space preserved by Constitution, shall not being protected by exempting from judicial review. The only way to respect the result of compromise of different interests in society, is that constitutional court must takes the process of compromise, legislative process, seriously.
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Chang, Ya-Fei, and 張雅菲. "Legislative Control of Post-award Procedural Dynamics: Modeling Judicial Behaviors of Post-award Review Systems in International Commercial Arbitration." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31421564937045806358.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
科際整合法律學研究所
104
Ensuring the international enforceability of arbitral awards is an ideal research topic for international commercial arbitration. Constructing national legislative control of post-award procedural dynamics in domestic or international commercial arbitration is the initial conditions of modeling post-award judicial review systems. Building up theories for the national or uniform legislative modeling depends on how the judicial behaviors evolve in post-award review systems. Hence, apart from typical scenarios of legal studies, this thesis applied the legislative modeling as the approach to study the stability of international post-award review systems. The purpose of this thesis is to study the theories-building basis of constructing international enforceable awards. Three research approaches include comparative legal studies, evolutionary dynamics, mathematical modeling. Legislative modeling is based on these approaches for controlling the post-award procedural dynamics, predicting the sustainability of national arbitration laws, analyzing the grounds for international post-award review systems. Firstly, this thesis studied the strategic behaviors in dispute resolution bargaining processes and analyzed the distribution of power in multilateral dispute resolution procedures. Secondly, this thesis modelled the judicial behaviors in evolutionary multilevel hierarchy of orders based on the heuristics decision-makings with the preferences of social agents. Thirdly, this thesis schemed procedural delocalized arbitrations for the national legislative management of arbitration laws. Finally, this thesis explored the theoretical grounds for constructing the international legislative control of post-award review systems. The contributions of this thesis include filling the gaps of traditional research methodologies and interdisciplinary legislative modeling and building three models for finding the equilibria of interests in post-award bargaining processes, showing that the intensity of the vacatur grounds for foreign arbitral awards made great impacts on post-award procedural dynamics, studying the influence of the political control in international post-award review systems. This thesis concluded that finding the preferences of contracts and the strategic equilibria of the parties improved the efficacy of settlement bargaining; for studying the sustainability of national arbitration laws, analyzing the long-term behaviors of post-award review systems was helpful; constructing the international legislative control of post-award review systems was based on the functions of the transnational political agents and the non-state actors. This thesis suggested to ratify the New York Convention and to add the grounds for modifications or corrections on the evident material miscalculation or mistakes and reinterpretations of arbitral awards in Taiwan Arbitration Law.
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Krikorian, Jacqueline D. "Judicial review beyond state borders? The impact of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism on legislative and policy arrangements in Canada and the United States." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=94583&T=F.
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Martins, Patrícia Fragoso. "Rethinking access by private parties to the Court of Justice of the European Union : judicial review of union acts before and after the Lisbon Treaty." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/12686.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation deals with the old topic of EU law regarding access by individuals to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) to challenge the validity of Union acts. The study is based in two landmark judgments rendered by the CJEU in 1986, i.e. Les Verts and Johnston, and it argues that the bridge between these two decisions has not been fully built in the CJEU’s case-law, which has left room for uncertainties, ambiguities and insufficiencies in what concerns the judicial protection of private parties vis-à-vis the EU.
In light of the Les Verts judgment, the dissertation argues that the CJEU’s case-law is dominated by an objectivist, institutional and systemic approach which has given rise to gaps of judicial protection of private parties in the Union legal order and underlies the inability of the CJEU to fill in such lacunae. In this context, the dissertation stresses (i) the restrictive interpretation of standing requirements of private parties to bring an action for annulment; (ii) the irrelevance of the finding of a breach of the right to effective judicial protection at the Union level; (iii) the generous view to other objective and institutional dimensions of the Union system of judicial review; and the (iv) systemic concerns regarding the docket control of the CJEU combined with a certain view of the Union judicial architecture said to be fundamentally anchored in national judiciaries. Furthermore, it is submitted that the alternative routes to the direct access by individuals to the Union courts put forward by the CJEU have proved inadequate and ineffective, because of the objectivist, institutional and systemic conceptual approach underlying to the CJEU’s case-law on the scope and nature of such avenues. At this point, the dissertation discusses the issue of national procedural autonomy, the nature of preliminary references, and the TWD doctrine. Additionally, it is argued that the CJEU’s case-law regarding judicial review in the field of the former intergovernmental pillars suggests an institutional and objectivist trend as well. In drawing attention to the objective elements, the institutional preference and the systemic views enshrined in the CJEU’s case-law the dissertation brings to the fore institutional guarantees, as a reflex of the objective dimension of fundamental rights.
In contrast with the previous approach, it is argued that the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty requires the CJEU to adopt a more subjectivist approach to the issues of judicial protection of individuals in the EU. Such an approach is anchored in the Johnston verdict which laid the first stone regarding such issues in the Union legal order. It is submitted that the new Article 6 TEU involves a paradigm shift regarding fundamental rights protection in the EU. In this context, the dissertation discusses the procedural impact of the formal constitutionalization of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and of the accession to the European Convention on Human Rights. The changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty regarding judicial review of Union acts at the initiative of individuals are discussed in light of said constitutional shift. The dissertation puts forward several proposals regarding the interpretation of Article 19 TEU and Articles 263(4) and 275 TFEU — taking into consideration the recent GC’s decision in the case of Inuit — in light of the pro actore approach which should arguably underlie to the CJEU’s case-law in this regard. Lastly, the issue of a more generous approach to direct access by individuals to the Union courts is discussed in view of the CJEU’s workload concerns. The possibility of a European certiorari, among other possible judicial reforms, is analysed therein.A presente dissertação, que tem por objeto o acesso dos particulares ao Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia (TJUE) — um tema clássico de Direito da União Europeia — assenta em duas decisões fundamentais proferidas pelo TJUE, em 1986, nos casos Les Verts e Johnston. Considera-se aqui que a “ponte” entre os dois referidos acórdãos não foi totalmente estabelecida na jurisprudência do TJUE, abrindo espaço para incertezas, equívocos e insuficiências no que diz respeito à tutela jurisdicional dos particulares na União Europeia. À luz do acórdão Les Verts, a dissertação começa por considerar que a jurisprudência do TJUE adota uma abordagem objetivista, institucional e sistémica que tem dado origem a lacunas na proteção jurisdicional dos particulares, e justifica a incapacidade do mesmo tribunal no suprimento das referidas lacunas. Neste contexto, chama-se a atenção para (i) a interpretação restritiva das condições em que aos particulares é permitido intentar uma ação de anulação; (ii) a irrelevância do argumento fundado na violação do direito fundamental à tutela jurisdicional efetiva na apreciação da admissibilidade de ações de anulação; (iii) a abordagem generosa que o TJUE tem adotado relativamente a outras dimensões objetivistas e institucionais do sistema de controlo jurisdicional da validade de atos da União; e (iv) as preocupações sistémicas relativas ao controlo do volume de processos que o TJUE tem de decidir, associadas a uma certa visão da arquitetura judiciária europeia, considerada fundamentalmente ancorada nas jurisdições nacionais. A acrescer a estas considerações, chama-se ainda a atenção para o facto de os meios de tutela alternativos ao acesso direto dos particulares aos tribunais da União se demonstrarem inadequados e ineficazes, precisamente em virtude da abordagem objetivista, institucional e sistémica que subjaz à jurisprudência do TJUE no que diz respeito ao âmbito e à natureza jurídica dos referidos meios de tutela. A este propósito, a dissertação discute, em particular, o princípio da autonomia processual dos Estados-membros, a natureza jurídica do mecanismo do reenvio prejudicial e o sentido e alcance da doutrina TWD. Acrescenta-se ainda que a jurisprudência do TJUE relativamente ao controlo jurisdicional da validade de atos da União no domínio dos chamados “pilares intergovernamentais” sugere igualmente uma tendência objetivista e institucional. Salientando os elementos objetivos, a preferência institucional e a visão sistémica que decorrem da jurisprudência do TJUE nesta matéria, a dissertação chama à colação a figura das garantias institucionais, enquanto reflexo da dimensão objetiva dos direitos fundamentais. Rompendo com a abordagem anterior, considera-se então que a entrada em vigor do Tratado de Lisboa impõe que o TJUE adote uma orientação dita subjetivista relativamente à tutela jurisdicional dos particulares na União Europeia. Esta nova abordagem funda-se em primeira linha no acórdão Johnston que lançou a primeira pedra nesta matéria na ordem jurídica da União. Na verdade, o novo artigo 6.º do Tratado da União Europeia implica uma mudança de paradigma constitucional no que diz respeito à proteção dos direitos fundamentais na União Europeia. Neste contexto, a dissertação discute o impacto processual da constitucionalização formal da Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União, e bem assim da adesão à Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem. À luz da referida mudança de paradigma constitucional, analisam-se as alterações introduzidas pelo Tratado de Lisboa no que respeita ao controlo da validade de atos da União por iniciativa dos particulares. A este propósito, tomando em consideração a recente decisão do Tribunal Geral no caso Inuit, a dissertação propõe diversas soluções relativas à interpretação dos artigos 19.º do Tratado da União Europeia e 263.º § 4 e 275.º do Tratado relativo ao Funcionamento da União Europeia à luz do princípio pro actore que deverá alegadamente orientar a jurisprudência do TJUE nestas matérias. Por último, é discutida a questão do alargamento do acesso dos particulares ao TJUE tendo em conta as preocupações veiculadas pelo tribunal relativamente ao aumento do volume de processos que pode ameaçar comprometer o adequado funcionamento do sistema judicial da União. Aqui, analisa-se a possibilidade de criação de um mecanismo europeu de certiorari, juntamente com outras reformas jurisdicionais que têm sido objeto de debate e reflexão na comunidade jurídica.
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Nemakwarani, Lamson Nditsheni. "The judicial interpretation of administrative justice with specific reference to Roman v Williams 1997(2) SACR 754(C)." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15612.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluates the court's approach towards the interpretation of administrative justice
with specific reference to Roman v Williams 1997(2) SACR 754(C). Section 33 of the
Constitution Act 108 of 1996 guarantees the right to administration justice. The elements of
this right are lawfulness, reasonableness and procedurally fairness.
Our courts are bound constitutionally to promote, develop, advance and protect the
fundamental rights. This study provides the most effective approach towards the
development of the fundamental right in our democratic society where the Bill of Rights
binds legislature, executive and judiciary.Administrative Law
LL.M. (Administrative Law)
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Radmilovic, Vuk. "Between Activism and Restraint: Institutional Legitimacy, Strategic Decision Making and the Supreme Court of Canada." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31908.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last couple of decades or so, comparative public law scholars have been reporting a dramatic increase in the power and influence of judicial institutions worldwide. One obvious effect of this “judicialization of politics” is to highlight legitimacy concerns associated with the exercise of judicial power. Indeed, how do courts attain and retain their legitimacy particularly in the context of their increasing political relevance? To answer this question I develop a novel theory of strategic legitimacy cultivation. The theory is developed through an application of the institutionalist branch of the rational choice theory which suggests that institutional structures, rules, and imperatives provide behavioural incentives and disincentives for relevant actors who respond by acting strategically in order to attain favourable outcomes. The theory shows that courts cultivate legitimacy by exhibiting strategic sensitivities to factors operating in the external, political environment. In particular, legitimacy cultivation requires courts to devise decisions that are sensitive to the state of public opinion, that avoid overt clashes and entanglements with key political actors, that do not overextend the outreach of judicial activism, and that employ politically sensitive jurisprudence. The theory is tested in the context of the Supreme Court of Canada through a mixed-method research design that combines a quantitative analysis of a large number of cases, case-study approaches, and cross-policy comparisons. One of the central findings of the dissertation is that understanding judicial institutions and judicial policymaking influence requires taking close accounts of external contexts within which courts operate.
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Mhango, Mtendeweka Owen. "Separation of powers and the political question doctrine in South Africa : a comparative analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24238.
Full textAbstract:
Section 34 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 outlines the scope
of judicial authority as encompassing the resolution of any dispute that can be resolved
by the application of law. The courts in South Africa have developed several
justiciability canons that restrain when courts may adjudicate disputes, such as
standing, mootness, ripeness, and the prevention of advisory opinions. These
justiciability canons emanate from constitutional considerations such as respect for
separation of powers and the proper role and scope of judicial review in a constitutional
democracy.
This study focuses on another justiciability canon - the political question doctrine. This
doctrine arises from the principle of separation of powers and, in the main, provides
that certain questions of constitutional law are allocated to the discretion of the elected
branches of government for resolution. As a result, such questions are non-justiciable
and require the judiciary to abstain from deciding them because not doing so intrudes
into the functions of the elected branches of government. The underlying theme is that
such questions must find resolution in the political process.
Through a comparative lens, the study examines the origins and current application of
the political question doctrine in selected countries with a view to obtain lessons
therefrom. It examines the origins of the doctrine, by placing particular emphasis on
the early application of the doctrine by the US Supreme Court. The study also
examines the modern application of the doctrine in the constitutional jurisprudence of
several countries, including Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria. It advances the view that
while the doctrine exists in the South African jurisprudence, the Constitutional Court
should articulate and develop it into a clear doctrine taking into account lessons from
those countries. The study offers some recommendations in this regard.
The study submits that the political question doctrine is an appropriate legal
mechanism through which the South African judiciary can address the recent problem
of the proliferation of cases brought to the courts that raise non-justiciable political
questions and threaten to delegitimize the role of the courts in a democracy.Public, Constitutional and International Law
LL. D.
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Bimpong-Buta, S. Y. 1940. "The role of the Supreme Court in the development of constitutional law in Ghana." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2386.
Full textAbstract:
The theme running through this dissertation is intended to prove that the Supreme Court has a role to play in the promotion, enforcement and sustenance of a proper democratic system of government, good governance and fundamental human rights and freedoms in Ghana.
The Study would therefore address the role of the Supreme Court in the development of Constitutional Law in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the court's contribution to the underlying concepts of the Fourth Republican Constitution of 1992; the guiding principles of constitutional interpretation and the vexed issue of whether the court should adopt a mechanical and literal approach to the interpretation of the Constitution or adopt a liberal, beneficent and purposive approach. The Supreme Court has asserted in the locus classicus decision: Tuffuor v Attorney-General [1980] GLR 637 that the 1979 Constitution as the supreme law, must be construed as a living political document capable of growth. Is there any evidence now to support that claim?
The study shall also investigate the question of the power of the Supreme Court to review legislative and executive action. We shall also examine the role of the Supreme Court in the interpretation and enforcement of the Constitution and Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms in relation to the rights and obligations of the individual and the State with the view to achieving good governance. The 1992 Constitution itself is founded on the premise that there are limitations to the enjoyment of fundamental human rights and freedoms. What is the extent of such limitations as determined by the Supreme Court?
What has been the Supreme Court's contribution to the sustenance of political stability and democratic governance and, especially, in matters relating to coup d'etats and to enforcement of the Constitution itself as distinct from the enforcement of fundamental human rights and freedoms? Has the Supreme Court power to enforce the Constitution and the existing law where there is proven case of injustice and illegality? Has the Supreme Court power to enforce Directive Principles of State Policy as formulated in chapter 6 of the 1992 Ghana Constitution?Jurisprudence
LL.D.