Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Judicial and legal reform'
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1
Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. "Legal and judicial reform in United Nations governance operations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612127.
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Vicente, António Luís. "Lawyers, judges, and judicial reform: a conceptual framework and a quantitative exploration." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10308.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThere is growing evidence on the importance of institutions for growth but limited understanding of the mechanisms of institutional divergence, persistence and change. Focusing on the judicial, starting from formalism indicators developed under the legal origin theory, but following different explanatory paths, we propose a thought experiment assessing reasonable preferences of judges and lawyers regarding formalism. We find a striking divergence, with lawyers showing preferences for high, and judges for low, formalism. This may generate institutional conflict, resistance to reforms and a dynamic equilibrium at an inefficient level. The analysis offers paths for reform, potentially addressing limitations of institutional approaches.
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Zajac, Sannerholm Richard. "Rule of Law After War : Ideologies, Norms and Methods for Legal and Judicial Reform /." Örebro : Örebro University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-8513.
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Bergling, Per. "Legal reform and private enterprise : the Vietnamese experience." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ., Dep. of Law, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/321764609.pdf.
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Oguchi, Hikaru. "The bureaucratic sectionalism of Japan's technical cooperation in the legal and judicial field : the case of legal assistance in Laos /." Thesis, May be available electronically:, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Thesis (J.S.M.)--Stanford University, 2004.Submitted to the Stanford Program in International Legal Studies at the Stanford Law School, Stanford University. "May 2004." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Lagunenko, Alexander. "Courts and judicial independence, legal reforms in post-communist Ukraine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0029/MQ27362.pdf.
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Osipova, O. "The legal status of assistants to the judges in Ukraine and in Poland (comparative analysis)." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77013.
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In the light of the ongoing judicial reform aimed at
bringing Ukraine's legal proceedings in line with European standards, the issue of
organizational support for the activities of courts as one of the guarantees of the
independence of judges becomes of paramount importance. Recommendations for the
effective implementation of the Basic Principles of Independence of the Judiciary
adopted by the resolution of the Economic and Social Council of 1989/60 and approved
by UN General Assembly resolution 44/162 on 15 December 1989, namely
Recommendation 5, stipulate that the State should pay special attention to the need
provision of certain resources necessary for the functioning of the judicial system,
taking into account the appointment of a sufficient number of judges for the level of
detention, providing the courts with the necessary personnel and equipment, and
providing judges with a decent level of personal security, retirement and wages [1].
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Almeida, Frederico Normanha Ribeiro de. "A nobreza togada: as elites jurídicas e a política da Justiça no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-08102010-143600/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é a compreensão das relações entre direito e política, a partir do estudo da posição dos juristas no Estado e de suas lutas concretas pelo controle da administração do sistema de justiça. A principal hipótese que orientou a pesquisa foi a de que há um campo político da justiça, representado pelo espaço social de posições, capitais e relações delimitado pela ação de grupos e instituições em disputa pelo controle do direito processual e da burocracia judiciária. No interior desse campo político da justiça, a pesquisa buscou identificar, ainda, as posições dominantes das elites jurídicas lideranças institucionais e associativas, e intelectuais especializados em determinadas áreas de conhecimento cuja influência sobre a administração da justiça estatal e as estruturas de seus capitais sociais, políticos e profissionais os diferenciam dos demais agentes do campo jurídico.This dissertation examines the relationship between Law and Politics by studying the position of lawyers within the State and their struggle for the control of the administration of the judicial system. The main hypothesis is that there is a political field of Justice, represented by a social space of positions, capitals and relationships, and defined by the actions by groups and institutions vying for the control both of procedural law and of the judicial bureaucracy. Additionally, this dissertation aims also, within this political field of Justice, at identifying the dominant position of legal elites institutional and union leaders and scholars from different fields who are distinguished from other agents in juridical field by their influence on the administration of the judicial system and by the structure of its social, political and professional capitals.
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Sannerholm, [Zajac-Sannerholm] Richard. "Legal, Judicial and Administrative Reforms in Post-Conflict Societies: Beyond the Rule of Law Template." Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5910.
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A common position adopted by the international community is that establishing the rule of law after violent internal conflict is an essential prerequisite in the transition from war to peace. In practical terms, this often translates into projects and programmes directed at the criminal justice sector. Rarely is rule of law acknowledged in relation to administrative law, public governance and economic management. This has several negative effects, particularly in societies where public mismanagement, bad economic governance and corruption run high, and especially if one considers these issues as constituting a large part of the reason for state ‘failure’. But, a new trend is now vaguely discernible in the practice of the international actors involved in rebuilding war-shattered societies that gives priority to the rule of law in relation to public sector reform. Liberia provides, in this regard, an illustrative example through the agreement between the Transitional National Government of Liberia and donor agencies, where international experts will have co-signing authority over a number of budgetary issues, and where national judicial institutions will be strengthened in order to combat arbitrary governance and corruption.
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Peña, Jumpa Antonio. "La educación legal, la informalidad y la reforma del poder judicial desde la perspectiva de las comunidades andinas." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2009. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107840.
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En el presente artículo, el autor nos demuestra lo contrario, tratando tres grandes problemas del Estado Peruano: la educación legal, la informalidad y la reforma del poder desde la perspectiva conjunta de algunas comunidades andinas de Puno.
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Glezer, Rubens Eduardo. "Súmula vinculante e ratio decidendi: uma abordagem empírica a respeito de redesenho institucional e cultura jurídica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8370.
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A Reforma do Judiciário de 2004 é parte de um longo processo de tentativas políticas de implementação de mudanças que não surgiriam espontaneamente na cultura jurídica. A súmula vinculante é exemplar desse histórico, pois se trata de instrumento voltado para corrigir problemas persistentes que decorrem da ausência de uma cultura jurídica de precedentes no Brasil. Entretanto, o próprio funcionamento do instituto depende da adequada aplicação da lógica de precedentes, pois a clareza dos enunciados vinculantes aprovados decorre da clareza da ratio decidendi de seus respectivos precedentes. Além do estudo dos debates legislativos que criaram o instituto da súmula vinculante, bem como dos procedimentos de aprovação das súmulas vinculantes penais editadas até o final de 2010, pesquisou-se como o Supremo Tribunal Federal administrou o manejo deste instituto conflitante com a maneira tradicional de fundamentação judicial e de referência não-fática, mas conceitual, entre decisões passadas.
The 2004 Brazilian Judiciary Reform is part of a long process of political attempts to create changes that were not produced spontaneously by the legal culture. The súmula vinculante is a great example of such process, since is a legal institute aimed to solve persistent problems that came from the absence of a legal culture of precedents in Brazil. However, the own effectiveness of the institute depends on the adequate use of a precedents rationale, since the clarity of the binding rulings depends on the clarity of the ratio decidendi of the respective precedents. By the analysis of the legislative debates that created the súmula vinculante, as well of the approval proceedings of the binding rulings related to criminal law issued until the end of 2010, it was researched precisely how the Brazilian Supreme Court managed to handle such institute that conflicts with the traditional way of providing grounds to judicial decisions and of conceptual rather than factual relation between past decisions.
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Mavila, León Rosa Delsa. "La corrupción en el Poder Judicial como parte del Sistema de Justicia en la decada de 1990-2000׃ Estudio crítico sobre las aproximaciones acerca de su naturaleza y solución." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1268.
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Las aproximaciones académicas existentes al análisis de los efectos reales de la corrupción en el sistema judicial peruano y sus consecuencias no provienen de una visión holística de él. De acuerdo con ello, las diferentes conclusiones de las investigaciones académicas muestran el problema de la corrupción como un conglomerado de una gran cantidad de elementos. Por el contrario, consideramos que no es sólo posible sino también necesario señalar el problema de la corrupción es un suceso muy complejo cuyo estudio debe realizarse sobre la base de una amplia gama de perspectivas en la medida en que su solución concierne tanto al estado como a los ciudadanos.
La presente investigación intenta analizar en profundidad las características de la corrupción y sus implicaciones sobre el sistema judicial como parte del sistema de justicia. Los actores están todos incluidos, debido a la creencia de que sólo mediante un diagnóstico sistemático de ello se puede lograr su control y reducción. Después de una comparación de los diferentes significados de corrupción tomamos la definición jurídica en tanto más útil con el fin de crear una política pública que sea suficiente de disuadir a los actores de cometer tales actos.
Postulamos que es probable que la corrupción alcance muchos niveles posibles tales como, por ejemplo, la corrupción sistemática. El punto más bajo en el cual la sociedad puede caer la lleva a comenzar una completa subversión del sistema económico y político, el cual, basado en los principios liberales, es un vehículo que debilita la ciudadanía. De ahí que el autor, proponiendo algunos criterios para enfrentar la corrupción como un asunto delictivo, encuentra las aplicaciones de las recomendaciones de esta investigación muy útiles y necesarias.Tesis
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Сливка, В. В. "Примирення сторін в адміністративному судочинстві в умовах євроінтеграції України." Thesis, ДВНЗ "Ужгородський національний університет", 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/18627.
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Дисертація присвячена формулюванню теоретико-методологічних засад примирення сторін в адміністративному судочинстві та наданню пропозицій щодо вдосконалення адміністративного законодавства України в цій сфері в умовах євроінтеграції. В роботі визначено поняття та особливі ознаки примирення сторін в адміністративному судочинстві. Встановлено мету, завдання, функції, принципи досліджуваного примирення. Визначено суб’єктний склад процедури примирення, встановлено умови та підстави, порядок примирення сторін в адміністративному судочинстві. Враховано досвід окремих держав-членів ЄС (Іспанія, Нідерланди, Німеччина, Франція), а також положення ряду актів ЄС. Узагальнено основні актуальні проблеми в досліджуваній сферіта сформульовано комплекс конкретних пропозицій щодо вдосконалення адміністративно-правового регулювання примирення сторін в адміністративному судочинстві в умовах євроінтеграції України, враховуючи відсутність в ЄС універсальної моделі примирення сторін публічно-правового спору та фрагментарність регулювання примирення сторін в державах-членах ЄС. The dissertation is devoted to the formulation of theoretical and methodological principles of reconciliation of the parties in administrative proceedings and to provide proposals for improving the administrative legislation of Ukraine in this area in the context of European integration. The paper defines the concept and special features of conciliation of the parties in administrative proceedings. It is established that the purpose of conciliation of the parties, as a process, is manifested in the gradual achievement by the parties of a public law dispute of a real consensus on dispute resolution, and, as a result, in the effective resolution of substantive dispute by conciliation. In this sense, conciliation of the parties performs a set of tasks (creating conditions for dialogue between the parties to the dispute; formation in the negotiations of the parties a specific model of mutual concessions that they realize, want to perform such , stimulating, analytical, information and communication, control and supervision, educational and preventive). The system of principles of conciliation of the parties in administrative proceedings are: 1) common law principles; 2) special principles of resolving the case by conciliation (for example, transparency and informativeness of resolving the case by conciliation; dispositiveness, constructive adversarial nature of the parties to the dispute; mandatory entry into force of conciliation conditions after their approval by the court; reasonable terms of resolving the case, etc.); 3) special principles concerning: a) quality, features of dispute resolution through conciliation; principles of accessibility and efficiency; b) voluntary participation in dispute resolution; good faith of all participants in the dispute resolution procedure); characteristics of the qualities of the conciliator (in particular, the principles of competence; independence, impartiality of the conciliator; compliance with the requirements of confidentiality). It is established that the subjective composition of conciliation of the parties is manifested in three models: "simple" (parties to the dispute; the judge who supervises the conciliation, approves the terms of conciliation); "Relatively complicated" (parties to the dispute; a judge who persuades the parties to conciliation and / or fully performs the role of conciliator); 3) "complicated" (parties to the dispute; judge; conciliator). In modern Ukraine there is a "simple" model of the subjective composition of the reconciliation of the parties, which: is characterized by certain features of the "relatively complicated" model; but at the same time it has the potential to transform into a "complicated" model of the subjective composition of the parties. A set of grounds and conditions for resolving a dispute by conciliation in administrative proceedings has been determined. The system of such conditions consists of: 1) positive conditions (the existence of a public law dispute and filing a lawsuit to resolve it; the integrity of the voluntary intentions of the parties to the attempt to reconcile, the implementation of a specific model of conciliation during negotiations and at the time of conciliation; ; reality and rationality of the agreed conditions of conciliation; the presence of the subjects who apply for reconciliation, the appropriate degree of legal personality); 2) negative conditions (inconsistency with the tasks of administrative proceedings in the form of violation of the interests of third parties; the law). The system of grounds covers: normative (norms of the legislation on conciliation of the parties and on the status of the subjects who are parties to the dispute), factual (implementation by the parties of the public-legal dispute of actions on acquisition and realization of the right to conciliation) and procedural-procedural conciliation, court rulings that determine the emergence and exercise of the right to reconciliation). The stages of implementation of the conciliation procedure of the parties in administrative proceedings are: 1) informal and formal initiation and commencement of the conciliation procedure; 2) negotiations in which the parties make a joint statement of conciliation of the parties; 3) submission for approval and approval of the application for conciliation of the parties, in which the court: explains to the parties the consequences of the court decision in connection with the conciliation of the parties; checks the existence of all conditions and grounds for resolving the dispute by, approves the terms of conciliation closes the proceedings or refuses to approve the terms of conciliation and continues the trial. The main current problems in the research area are summarized and a set of specific proposals for improving the administrative and legal regulation of conciliation of the parties in administrative proceeding.
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Tadesse, Menberetshai. "Judicial reform in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1429/.
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The main theme of this thesis is judicial reform program in Ethiopia. It examines the three basic issues which are central to the administration of justice in Ethiopia, namely efficieny, access to justice as well as accountability and independence. In spite of the wider scope of the reform efforts in Ethiopia this thesis has, on purpose, focused on these concepts not only because they are in many respects interrelated but also because they account for a bigger part of the problems that are faced by the justice system in the country.
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Карпушова, О. В. "Проблеми правового регулювання праці суддів в умовах євроінтеграції України." Thesis, КНУ ім. Т. Г. Шевченка, 2020. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/14013.
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Дисертацію присвячено визначенню та вирішенню проблемних аспектів правового регулювання праці суддів у межах поглибленої євроінтеграції України. Надано комплексну соціально-правову характеристику праці суддів, а саме розкрито соціальне значення праці суддів, визначено критерії та ознаки якісної роботи суддів, що засвідчують її належний соціальний вплив. Встановлено актуальні перешкоди ефективній роботі суддів в Україні, а також стан виконання державою євроінтеграційних завдань відносно поліпшення функціонування судів та суддів. Окреслено комплекс теоретичних і практичних проблем, які перешкоджають забезпеченню трудових прав суддів в Україні, впровадженню в систему правосуддя стандартів гідної праці на всіх етапах існування трудових правовідносин із цією категорією працівників: під час виникнення трудових відносин із кандидатами на посаду судді, у процесі перебігу та припинення трудових відносин із суддями. На підставі аналізу судової практики щодо захисту трудових прав суддів в Україні на кожному з означених етапів встановлено реальні проблеми, з якими стикаються судді на практиці під час реалізації свого права на працю, а також визначено роль судового захисту прав суддів у нашій державі. Виявлено особливості правового регулювання виникнення, перебігу та припинення трудових правовідносин за участю суддів в окремих державахчленах ЄС. Враховуючи проаналізований зарубіжний досвід, сформульовано конкретні пропозиції щодо вдосконалення національного законодавства у досліджуваній сфері. The dissertation is devoted to the search and solution of problematic aspects of legal regulation of judges' work within the framework of deep European integration of Ukraine. The study provides complex socio-legal characteristics of the work of judges. It defines the social significance of the work of judges, determinates the criteria and signs of quality work of judges, which confirm its proper social impact. A complex of theoretical and practical problems that hinder the provision of labor rights of judges in Ukraine and interfere the implementation of decent work standards in the justice system is described. The analysis of problems is made at all stages of the existence of labor legal relations with this category of workers: in the beginning of labor relations with candidates for the position of a judge, in the process and termination of employment with judges. Based on the analysis of judicial practice on the protection of labor rights of judges in Ukraine at each of these stages identified real problems faced by judges in practice during the realization of their right to work. The role of judicial protection of the rights of judges in state is also defined. Peculiarities of legal regulation of the emergence, course, and termination of employmentwith judges in some EU member states areinvestigated. Considering the analyzed foreign experience, specific proposals for improving national legislation in the study area are formulated.
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Moss, E. Yvonne. "The politics of judicial reform in Detroit." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1989. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3665.
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A case study of the politics of judicial reform in Detroit is used to analyze the politics of the contemporary court reform movement in relationship to the transition to black rule in American cities in the 1970s and 1980s. Questions addressed include the following: Were there political motives and/or consequences to judicial reform? Was there a connection between court reform and the politics of race in American cities? Has court reform been a kind of political struggle between insurgent and displaced elites in a transitory political structure? And, what are the implications of the politics of race and court reform in American cities for urban politics and for urban justice? Standard social science data-collection techniques are used: historical analysis, primary court, legal, and government documents, non-participant observation, intensive interviews, and systematic sampling of case files for 1978 and 1983, the first and fifth years of reform. Court reform in Detroit was championed by two different political groups representing two different policy orientations. This study concludes that official reform in Detroit is best explained as a political reaction by displaced elites to insurgent demands for reform by members of a previously subordinate political group and their allies. Over 90% of all legal cases in the United States begin and end at the state trial level. Court reform in the 1970s and 1980s has been a growth industry, especially in the states. Court reform is not a politically neutral process, but one which has profoundly political consequences. In a democratic society in which major political institutions are to exhibit some degree of responsiveness or accountability to the public, the consequences of political reform of a major institution like the courts merits considerable attention.
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Barbika, M. M., and V. V. Moskalenko. "Necessity of the judicial reform in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45896.
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The Cabinet of Ministers identified key areas of the amendment concept of judicial reform in the Ukrainian Constitution. The content of these changes is the transition to three-tier system of courts, the determination of the court network by the law, the creation of a single collegial body. The concept of this body includes the selection, career and responsibility of judges, as well as a complete personnel rearrangement of the judiciary based on a transparent competitive basis. According to the President of Ukraine, amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine concerning judicial reform also include the abolition of judge immunity and simplified system for their dismissal from the office.
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Majul, Salazar Sergio Antonio. "Legal Advisor Chile, asesoría legal para clientes no residentes en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114416.
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Magíster en Gestión para la GlobalizaciónEl objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar un plan de negocios destinado a evaluar la conveniencia comercial del proyecto denominado Legal Advisor Chile. Este emprendimiento consiste en una compañía de servicios jurídicos con sede en Santiago, diseñada para satisfacer las necesidades de personas tanto naturales como jurídicas que no residen en Chile y que requieren la ejecución de una actividad, trámite o gestión legal dentro del territorio de la república. Hoy en día, nuestro país es considerando en el plano internacional como uno de los países más abiertos en términos comerciales y, a consecuencia de ello, se ha incrementado la cantidad de servicios que tienden a satisfacer necesidades más allá de nuestras fronteras. Resulta atractivo satisfacer las necesidades que tienen los potenciales clientes que residen fuera del territorio de la república que deben realizar diversas gestiones de índole jurídica en nuestro país. El interés que ha despertado Chile en el extranjero se ha visto reflejado en el quehacer diario de las distintas oficinas consulares con que cuenta nuestro país en el exterior. Sin ser ambiciosos, es posible acceder a un interesante mercado en los dos grupos objetivos seleccionados para este plan. Estos grupos son: a) los chilenos que residen en el exterior y que mantienen vínculos de diversa índole con Chile y que requieren la ejecución de uno o más servicios jurídicos en nuestro país, y b) los extranjeros que tengan la intención de hacer negocios o inversiones en Chile y que diariamente se acercan a las diversas oficinas consulares chilenas en el exterior requiriendo información de cómo ejecutar dichas gestiones dentro del territorio de nuestra república. Se ha delimitado el público objetivo en 114 mil personas, cuyo mercado se valora en no menos de US$11,4 millones anuales. La compañía se focalizará en seis tipos de servicios de acuerdo a las necesidades señaladas por los consultados en las encuestas efectuadas a potenciales clientes, esto son: mandatos judiciales, legalización de documentos, elaboración de contratos, constitución de sociedades, tramitación de posesiones efectivas y la representación ante tribunales de justicia y servicios públicos. El contacto de los clientes se realizará a distancia por medio de la utilización de tecnología existente en un moderno portal web que permita no sólo el contacto, sino que también realizar el pago y el seguimiento de los servicios que se contratan con la compañía. De esta manera, la compañía agrega valor al entregar un servicio profesional de alta calidad, el que se acomoda a estándares internacionales, sin limitaciones de fronteras ni de idiomas y con un compromiso fundado en el conocimiento del negocio y en la experiencia de trabajo multicultural e internacional. Con un horizonte de evaluación de seis años, el capital inicial requerido asciende a US$85 mil y se estima que el payback se produzca al tercer año de funcionamiento. El Valor Presente Neto Total de este negocio asciende a los US$177 mil y la TIR es de un 93%. Los principales riesgos están dados especialmente por la variable Cantidad de Prestaciones . Para abordar esta variable y otros riesgos-, se ha elaborado una estrategia de promociones que permita, por un lado crear sólidas relaciones con los clientes y, por otro, lograr un expedito flujo de información con los consulados. De esta manera, se promoverá el conocimiento de la compañía entre potenciales nuevos clientes. Gracias a las características de la compañía, la que está orientada a la prestación de servicios, sumada a una moderada inversión inicial, se permitirá el desarrollo de este emprendimiento, sin necesidad de adquirir financiamiento externo, lo que trasciende en que el dominio o propiedad de Legal Advisor Chile permanecerá en su integridad en los socios fundadores.
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Goodall, Kay Eileen. "Judicial justification in the two Irish legal systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301700.
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Hjalmarsson, Johanna. "Fraudulent insurance claims : legal definition and judicial consequences." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397148/.
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While much of the narrative of this thesis chips away at imperceptible changes in case law, this is ultimately a text as much about legal policy as about law. The author will assert that it is time for a tectonic shift in the manner in which insurance is considered under the law of England and Wales, and sets out the basis for this view. Chapter 1 is a brief general introduction. Chapter 2 sets out the background of the reform project against which this work has been undertaken and its ongoing reform of insurance contract law, underlining how the research has been undertaken in a context of moving goalposts. It further provides some stipulative definitions and initial consideration of the concepts of good faith and moral hazard. Chapter 3 sets out the law on fraudulent claims – a fairly basic endeavour it might be thought, but as will be seen the law has been far from clear to the point of requiring clarification by the legislator. Chapter 4 explores how the burden and in particular the standard of proof operate in cases of insurance fraud, and explores how the courts address these, and how they ought to address them. Chapter 5 breaks new ground in exploring and setting out the strategies employed by insurers in achieving punitive results against insurance fraudsters, in the face of the difficult legal position created by the law as outlined in the previous chapters. A final chapter teases out the consequences of the preceding chapters and offers conclusions. It will be concluded that the law is in need of recalibration not just along contractual lines and with greater principle in mind, but also along procedural lines with close consideration of the remedies available to the parties.
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Fensom, Meredith. "Judicial reform in the Americas the case of Chile /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006263.
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Wiratraman, R. Herlambang Perdana Sriprapha Petcharamesree. "Good governance and legal reform in Indonesia /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd392/4837954.pdf.
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Lambertini, Andreotti Julia. "Comprehension of legal discourse in interpreter-mediated judicial proceedings." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397782.
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Als procediments judicials a Califòrnia, les persones que no parlen anglès reben l’ajut d’un intèrpret per a tenir les mateixes oportunitats que aquells que entenen anglès. Aquesta finalitat s’articula en un codi ètic, que també requereix que els intèrprets mantinguin la forma i registre de la llengua de sortida en la llengua d’arribada, i que no intervinguin fins i tot quan sospiten que no s’ha entès el missatge. Aquest intercanvi comunicatiu intercultural involucra oficials judicials que fan servir un registre legal formal; un nadiu de l’espanyol, d’un nivell educatiu i cultura diferent i familiaritzat amb un sistema legal (també diferent); i un intèrpret que s’ha de mantenir tan invisible com sigui possible. Aquest estudi empíric vol determinar i comparar la comprensió del llenguatge legal de registre formal de parlants nadius d’anglès i espanyol, i experimentar amb la simplificació del registre per avaluar els seus efectes en aquesta comprensió. A més a més, aquesta recerca vol compilar dades sobre les opinions dels intèrprets i els seus criteris envers el registre, el canvi de registre, i la intervenció, així com de les opinions dels advocats respecte la intervenció dels intèrprets. En consonància amb el gir sociocultural que ha afectat els Estudis d’Interpretació, aquesta investigació vol incorporar les limitacions educatives, culturals i socials del receptor meta a la interpretació legal moderna a Califòrnia, que encara es guia per principis d’equivalència formal i d’orientació cap a la llengua de sortida. Per tal de tenir en compte aquestes barreres del receptor, s’aplica un enfocament orientat al receptor meta per investigar la instància comunicativa fent servir conceptes de la teoria de l’Skopos i la noció de normes de Toury, dos marcs conceptuals que posen en dubte el paradigma de l’equivalència. La finalitat d’aquesta investigació és recopilar dades que puguin ajudar a una millor comprensió del rol de l’intèrpret i de l’eficàcia comunicativa als procediments judicials amb intèrpret.En los procedimientos judiciales de California, las personas que no hablan inglés reciben asistencia de un intérprete para que estén en igualdad de condiciones que las personas que hablan inglés. Este propósito se establece en un código de ética, que también dispone que el intérprete conserve la forma y el registro de la lengua de partida en la lengua meta, y que no intervenga incluso cuando sospeche que no hay comprensión. Esta comunicación intercultural se establece entre funcionarios judiciales que usan un registro jurídico formal; un hispanohablante que tiene otra cultura, otro nivel de educación, y otro contacto con (otro) sistema judicial; y un intérprete que debe ser lo más invisible que pueda. Esta investigación empírica se propone determinar y comparar la comprensión del lenguaje judicial formal que demuestran los angloparlantes y los hispanohablantes, y experimentar con simplificación del registro para determinar si esta simplificación afecta dicha comprensión. Asimismo, esta investigación se propone obtener información sobre el criterio de los intérpretes en cuanto al registro, la modificación del registro y la intervención, y el modo en que los abogados perciben dicha intervención. Esta investigación se propone incorporar las limitaciones sociales, culturales y educativas del receptor meta en la interpretación judicial actual de California, que aún se guía por principios de equivalencia formal y orientación hacia el texto de partida. Con el fin de considerar las limitaciones del destinatario, se adoptó un enfoque orientado al receptor para investigar esta interacción comunicativa mediante el uso de conceptos de la teoría del skopos y el concepto de normas aplicado por Toury, dos marcos conceptuales que cuestionan el paradigma de la equivalencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener información que ayude a comprender con mayor profundidad la función del intérprete y la eficacia comunicativa de los procedimientos judiciales asistidos por un intérprete.
In California, non-English speakers involved in judicial proceedings are assisted by a language interpreter so that they are placed on an equal footing with those who understand English. This purpose is articulated in a code of ethics, which also requires interpreters to maintain the source form and register in the target language, and to keep silent even when non-comprehension is suspected. This intercultural communicative event involves judicial officers who use a formal register of legal language; a Spanish speaker from a different culture, education level, and exposure to (a different) legal system; and an interpreter who must be as invisible as humanly possible. This empirical research aims to find out and compare English speakers’ and Spanish speakers’ comprehension of high-register legal language, and experiment with register simplification to assess any effects on said comprehension. Additionally, this research aims to collect data on interpreters' views and awareness of register, register variation, and intervention; and on attorneys' views on interpreters' intervention. In keeping with the sociocultural turn that has made itself felt in Interpreting Studies, this research seeks to bring the social, cultural, and educational constraints of the target-language receiver into the equation of modern-day judicial interpreting in California, which is still guided by principles of formal equivalence and source orientedness. In order to account for these target constraints, a target-oriented approach was applied to investigate this communicative event borrowing concepts from skopos theory and Toury’s notion of norms, two conceptual frameworks that challenged the equivalence paradigm. The aim of this research is to collect data that will help gain a better understanding of the interpreter's role and the communicative effectiveness of interpreter-mediated judicial proceedings.
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BRITO, A. L. "Repensando o Inventário Judicial: do Quadro Legal à Realidade." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8853.
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Previous issue date: 2018-05-22O inventário judicial é tradicionalmente conhecido na sociedade e na prática jurídica como um processo lento e repleto de burocracias, não sendo raro que uma ação desse tipo tramite por mais de uma década no Poder Judiciário. As principais e atuais alterações legislativas brasileiras do Século XXI Código Civil de 2002 (CC/02) e Código de Processo Civil de 2015 (CPC/15) não trouxeram mudanças significativas para o referido instituto, estando sua essência ainda muito vinculada às exigências do Estado Liberal e do Estado Social, que são insuficientes no atual contexto de Estado Democrático Constitucional. Não significa, contudo, que é impossível conformar o inventário a uma tutela jurisdicional adequada, tempestiva, efetiva e eficiente. Sobretudo no que diz respeito ao objeto desse trabalho, para encontrar uma solução processual, é preciso dialogar com a realidade e com o direito material. Assim, a presente pesquisa se propõe a repensar o inventário judicial de acordo com a atual conjuntura do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, percorrendo o caminho entre o quadro legal (salientando eventuais deficiências técnicas na legislação material e processual) e a realidade (ressaltando possíveis problemas práticos). Para tanto, tem-se como objetivos: 1) descobrir quais são os maiores entraves existentes do inventário judicial; 2) identificar as mudanças promovidas pelo CPC/15 ao inventário judicial; 3) analisar as alterações legislativas do CPC/15 que podem ser aproveitadas ao inventário judicial, refletindo sobre a aplicação das técnicas do procedimento comum ao procedimento especial. O estudo está vinculado à linha de pesquisa Processo, constitucionalidade e tutela de direitos existenciais e patrimoniais do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Direito Processual da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, e foi realizado pelo método indutivo, partindo-se de uma análise particular para uma constatação geral, sendo utilizados os seguintes tipos de pesquisa: pesquisa de campo, com entrevistas a operadores do Direito; pesquisa teórico-bibliográfica, com análise de leis e de consulta jurisprudencial; e também pesquisa jurídico-doutrinária, especialmente no ramo do Direito Processual Civil (inclusive os estudos acerca no processo civil constitucionalizado e da Lei nº 13.105/2015) e do Direito de Sucessões. Palavras-chave: Direito Processual Civil; Direito das Sucessões; Direito sucessório; inventário judicial; Código de Processo Civil de 2015; formalismo valorativo.
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Mayer, Peter W. "Extra-legal factors in the American legal system." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1316113331.
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Oseko, Julie Ouma. "Judicial independence in Kenya : constitutional challenges and opportunities for reform." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27703.
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The judiciary in Kenya has been progressively viewed as subservient to the executive, an upholder of state power and a poor protector of citizens’ rights. The rejection of the judiciary as an independent and impartial arbiter of disputes was a major contributor to the post-election violence experienced in December 2007 which resulted in anarchy and massive loss of lives and property. This thesis contends that there is a contextually symbiotic link between separation of powers, judicial independence and the rule of law. While focusing on the relationship between the judiciary and the executive, the research highlights the dangers of failure to maintain the appropriate balance of power between the executive, judiciary and the legislature, its ramifications to judicial independence and the rule of law. By analysing secondary data and using Kenya as a case study, this relationship is chronologically traced from the pre-colonial, colonial, independence and post-independence periods. An examination of successive constitutions exposes gaps and weaknesses in constitutional provisions guaranteeing judicial independence. Instances of violation are discussed with examples as confirmation that such protection was minimal, weak and not respected in practice. A high degree of executive intrusion, influence and control was evident inter alia in appointments, removal, funding and administration. Cumulatively, these factors contributed to the erosion of personal and institutional independence leading to drastic loss of confidence. Opportunities in terms of implemented reforms, especially the newly promulgated Constitution of Kenya 2010 are scrutinised. The thesis concludes that even though complete independence from the executive cannot be achieved nor is it desirable, more robust constitutional protection of judicial independence, coupled with a high degree of autonomy can be a strong guardian against violation. New threats are discovered. Further research, constitutional amendments and use of non-legal initiatives are proposed as key for future judicial reform.
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Josiah-Aryeh, Nii Armah. "Family, property and the state in Ghana : changing customary law in an urban setting." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243955.
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Scobbie, Iain Girvan Mann. "Legal reasoning and the judicial function in the international court." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335827.
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Ortega, Manuel, and Paulina López. "Unidad de negocio -cobranza judicial e incautaciones legal shared services." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168234.
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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓNOrtega, Manuel, [Parte I], López, Paulina, [Parte II]
Scania, una empresa líder en la industria del transporte, ofrece camiones y buses con sus respectivos servicios. Dentro de los resultados de la financiera en Chile se evidencian altos niveles de incobrabilidad y provisiones de malas deudas en los últimos 2 años; que no está en línea con los buenos resultados del grupo en el extranjero, debiendo entonces crear una estrategia para atacar esta situación, utilizando de la mejor forma posible los recursos con los que cuenta el grupo. Se observó que la estrategia de cobranza está siendo modificada para estar más alineada con la estrategia de Scania Finance Chile, sin embargo, las actividades asociadas como cobranza judicial e incautaciones, que hoy se encuentran externalizadas, no logran abarcar el volumen que requiere incautar la financiera, teniendo casi 100 vehículos en proceso todavía sin resultados. Los honorarios por incautación podrían reducirse si el propósito de la cobranza judicial fuese llegar a un acuerdo, en vez de una incautación del vehículo. Se propone como objetivo del proyecto mejorar, transparentar e internalizar los procesos de Cobranza judicial e incautación, mediante la creación de una unidad de negocios que permita poseer mayor control sobre estos procesos y dar más valor a la financiera utilizando los recursos con los que ya cuenta el grupo para reducir tiempos y aumentar la probabilidad de recuperación voluntaria. Para lograr estos objetivos se utilizará como fianza la propiedad de la casa central Scania para facilitar los procesos legales. Por su monto, permitirá conducir un mayor número de juicios dado su alto valor. También se utilizará la tecnología con la que cuenta Scania para ubicar los vehículos (FMS) y la información de su red de sucursales para identificar los movimientos del vehículo, apoyando a los incautadores construyendo así la ventaja competitiva de la empresa. La compañía espera resultados positivos a partir del segundo año, alcanzando al año 6 su estabilidad con resultados operativos sobre el 23% de sus ingresos. El proyecto entonces se predice rentable con una tasa de un 16.8% que genera un VAN de $117.895.247 a 10 años y una TIR de 29%. El payback estimado se recupera en 4.5 años y su valor terminal resulta en $842.575.464.
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Crandall, Erin. "Understanding judicial appointments reform: comparing Australia, Canada and the United States." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117059.
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The appointment of a judge, regardless of the process followed, is a political act. With the global expansion of judicial power, the topic of judicial appointments has become one of growing political importance. However, comparative research on judicial appointments reform has so far been limited. This dissertation proposes and tests a theory for understanding the timing and nature of reforms to judicial appointments systems, the Judicial Politics Trigger Theory, by looking at the final courts of appeal in Canada, Australia, and the United States. Examining these three courts from their respective origins to the present day, the dissertation situates contemporary interest in judicial appointments reform within the larger framework of each court's institutional history. Drawing upon in-depth interviews and archival research, it finds that changes to judicial appointments systems in these cases have tended to evolve incrementally over time. In addition, the dissertation highlights the importance that institutional rules can play in structuring the opportunities for and outcomes of reform, and confirms that there is a correlation between the perception of increased judicial empowerment and calls for judicial appointments reform. Consequently, as the judicial branches in various countries continue to gain political power, interest in and attempts to reform the judicial appointments processes of these courts are likely to continue, making research of such reform all the more essential.La nomination d'un juge, quelle que soit la procédure suivie, est un acte politique. Avec l'expansion mondiale du pouvoir judiciaire, le sujet de la sélection des juges est devenu d'une importance politique plus forte. Cependant, la recherche comparative sur la réforme des processus de nominations judiciaires a été limitée jusqu'a present. Cette thèse propose et teste une théorie pour comprendre le calendrier et la nature des réformes des systèmes de sélection des juges, la théorie du «Judicial Politics Trigger», en examinant les tribunaux de dernière instance au Canada, en Australie et aux États-Unis. En faisant l'examen de ces trois tribunaux de leurs origines respectives à aujourd'hui, la thèse situe l'intérêt contemporain pour la réforme des systemes de sélection des juges dans le cadre plus large de l'histoire institutionnelle de chaque tribunal. S'appuyant sur des entretiens avec les élites politiques et des recherches dans les archives, la thèse etablit que les changements de processus de nominations judiciaires dans ces cas ont eu tendance à évoluer progressivement au fil du temps. En outre, la thèse met en évidence l'importance que les règles institutionnelles peuvent jouer dans la structuration des possibilités et des résultats de la réforme, et confirme qu'il existe une corrélation entre la perception de l'augmentation du pouvoir judiciaire et les appels à la réforme des systemes de selection des juges. Par conséquent, parce les branches judiciaires continuent de conquérir le pouvoir politique, l'intérêt et les tentatives de réformer les processus de sélection des juges de ces tribunaux sont susceptibles de se poursuivre, ce qui rend la recherche de telles réformes d'autant plus indispensable.
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Fei, Lanfang, and 费兰芳. "Judicial review of arbitral awards in China: the need for reform." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533976.
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The subject of this thesis is the judicial review of arbitral awards in China. Chinese arbitration law provides a distinct set of rules for reviewing international and domestic awards, which is usually referred to as the dual-track system (“Shuang Gui Zhi”). First, the judicial review standard is dual-track because international awards are subject to procedural and limited review, whereas domestic awards are subject to substantial review. Second, the review procedure is also dual-track because a reporting mechanism under which the lower courts cannot deny an international award without confirmation by the Supreme People’s Court of China is applied to international awards but is not applied to domestic awards.
The following question arises: Should the dual-track judicial review system for arbitral awards be harmonised into a single system, and if so, how should it be accomplished. This question has sparked heated debates among scholars and practitioners. It is important because appropriate and efficient judicial review of awards is essential to the functioning and development of the arbitration system in China.
The research is based on the theory of path-dependent and institutional change. My consideration of the future of the dual-track system is centred on the wisdom of the original policy considerations behind the dual-track judicial review path, the solidity of the institutional foundations of the dual-track judicial review path and feedback on the dual-track system from judicial practice and the arbitration market. The research critically examined the policies and institutions behind the design of the dual-track judicial review and conducted an empirical study of the feedback of the design, which included a comprehensive review of various materials, cases and data relating to the subject.
The thesis concluded that the dual-track review path should be reformed by harmonising the dual-track review standard while maintaining and revising the dual-track procedure. The dual-track review standard should be uniform, and the limited scope of procedural review should be applied to both domestic and international awards. Policy and institutional foundations have failed in the substantial review of domestic awards due to the disruption in boundaries between international business and Chinese domestic business, as well as a weakened distinction between international and domestic arbitration commissions. The case study and the survey provide further empirical evidence that supports my argument, which revealed that the dual-track standard causes chaos and abuse of law in judicial practice and has gained negative feedback from arbitration market participants.
In contrast, the dual-track judicial review procedure should be maintained and revised. The study indicated that the reporting mechanism still acts as a positive force to control the outcome of reviews and secure proper and uniform application of the law. Despite its shortcomings, it still plays an important role in counteracting the negative effect of local protectionism and reinforces confidence of foreign investors in arbitration and within the legal infrastructure in China.
Based on the above findings, the author proposed a new regulatory framework designed to be sufficiently flexible and current for meeting the practical requirements of arbitration, while considering suitable interaction between arbitration bodies and courts. Specifically, the thesis suggested that the Arbitration Law should be revised as a unitary and exclusive legal framework for regulating judicial review of arbitral awards, and for incorporating the rules of enforcement of arbitral awards specified in the Civil Procedural Law. Although separate regimes for domestic and international arbitration should be maintained, the criteria for differentiating various types of arbitral awards should be clarified and redefined. Finally, the thesis made several concrete suggestions for improving specific provisions of the law that govern judicial review of arbitral awards.published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline. "Ir aonde o povo está: etnografia de uma reforma da justiça." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-26042007-190252/.
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O objeto de estudo é a reforma do sistema de justiça no Brasil, abordada por uma etnografia da criação e implantação dos Centros de Integração e Cidadania CIC, um programa implantado pelo governo do estado de São Paulo desde 1996, visando melhorar o acesso à justiça para a população pobre e a articulação das instituições de justiça (Polícia Civil, Ministério Público, Poder Judiciário, entre outros). A pesquisa reconstruiu o idéario de criação do CIC como um movimento de reforma da justiça, animado por magistrados e outros operadores jurídicos, no contexto dos movimentos por democracia política e social e universalização dos direitos humanos dos anos 1980. A história do CIC, de suas apropriações, mudanças de rumo, adaptações, deslocamentos e resultados, é uma história de lutas em torno do significado da expansão do Estado de direito conseqüentemente sobre o que e como reformar ou conservar nos serviços de justiça. A pesquisa interrogou o campo da gestão estatal de conflitos, a partir do que se pode observar no seu alcance capilar, em suas extremidades: para o discurso de criação do CIC, o funcionamento da justiça na periferia transformaria todo o sistema; para a pesquisa tratou-se de uma oportunidade de observar um conjunto de instituições operando no mesmo campo, de observar o sistema de justiça pelas suas franjas, pelos postos de trabalho de pouco prestígio, procurando a microfísica do poder em suas extremidades, interrogando os efeitos concretos do funcionamento dos serviços de justiça. A análise sobre a mediação de conflitos nos diversos serviços de justiça disponíveis nos postos do CIC, sob a perspectiva da interpretação dos rituais de resolução de conflitos, preparou as conclusões da pesquisa sobre a oferta dos serviços de justiça para a população pobre e as dificuldades em democratizá-los. A fragmentação e a pluralidade de rituais de resolução empregados por agentes públicos não reflete a expansão do Estado de direito, pretendida pelo movimento de reforma; reflete antes a concorrência de juridicidades mobilizadas nas relações de poder entre as partes em conflito e delas com os agentes estatais. A liberdade de mobilização de diversos rituais de resolução de conflitos, com diversos resultados, corresponde à pluralidade de relações de poder estabelecidas e visões circulantes sobre o direito; contudo não estabelece garantias jurídicas ou simbólicas de eficácia, minando a eficácia do primado do direito estatal. A tese encerra-se com análise da corporificação dos operadores jurídicos e os rituais de distinção do campo jurídico, buscando demonstrar como eles se inscrevem no corpo, no tempo e no espaço.The object of this thesis is the justice system reform in Brazil, analyzed by an ethnographical approach on the creation and implementation of the Citizenship Integration Centres CIC, a program developed by São Paulo State government since 1996 and designed for enlarging poor population access to justice and improving the articulation among justice system institutions (Police, Prosecution Office and Judiciary). The research reconstructed the CIC creation frame as a justice system reform movement, sustained by magistrates and other legal operators, in a context of movements for political and social democracy and universalization of human rights in the 1980s. The history of the CIC, its appropriations, route changes, adaptations, dislocations and outcomes, is a history of disputes surrounding the meaning of the rule of law expansion and, therefore, disputes on what and how to reform or conserve in justice services. The research interrogated the field of state management of conflicts, from what one can observe in its capillarity, in its extremities: for the CIC creation discourse, the functioning of justice in poor neighborhoods was a mean to transform all justice system; for the research, this was a chance to observe a set of institutions operating in the same field, to observe the justice system by its fringes, by the ranks of word of lower prestige, to look for the power microphysics in its extremities and to interrogate the real effects of justice services functioning. The analysis of conflict mediation in the different justice services available in CIC, under the perspective of the conflict resolution rituals interpretation, prepared the research conclusions about the offers of justice services for the poor and the difficulties in democratizing them. The fragmentation and plurality of conflict resolution rituals undertaken by public agents do not reflect the expansion of the rule of law intended by the justice reform movement; it reflects the competition of laws mobilized in power relations between the conflict parts and between them and state agents. The freedom to mobilize different conflict resolution rituals, with different outcomes, corresponds to the plurality of law perspectives and power relations established. However, it does not establish legal or symbolic guarantees of effectiveness, mining the effectiveness of the state law primate. The last part of the thesis analyses the legal operators embodiment and the rituals of distinction on legal field, aiming to demonstrate how they are inscribed in the body, time and space.
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Xi, Chao. "Corporate governance and legal reform in post-1993 China." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497257.
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Over the last decade or so, China's market-oriented economic reforms have brought corporate governance issues to the forefront. Though many larger state-owned enterprises have been transformed into listed companies, the manner in which they are governed has largely remained unchanged. The "insider control" problem and the expropriation of minority public shareholders by the state-owned majority shareholders have contributed to the poor performance of many listed companies in China. In order to address these issues, a legal framework for corporate governance has emerged and evolved for the governance of Chinese listed companies. This thesis examines the nature and significance of the legal framework for corporate governance that has emerged in post-1993 China, and in particular assesses the effectiveness of the reforms that have been put in place for addressing the governance issues facing Chinese listed companies. The thesis has two principal conclusions. First, in an attempt to accommodate the corporate governance reforms, a large body of Western style corporate and securities laws has been introduced in China, in the absence of the requisite complementary institutions, both formal and informal. The functioning of the imported legal rules and institutions has been constrained by the preexisting institutional infrastructure and the constantly changing political economy environment. As a result, many newly adopted corporate governance rules have yet to effectively address the fundamental agency problem facing Chinese listed companies, that is, the expropriation of minority shareholders by the controlling shareholders. The second finding is more general. In addition to globalization and efficiency, there are other important factors - including local interest group politics, ideology and culture - that shape the evolution of a nation's corporate governance system. These factors differ so significantly between countries that a convergence of different national systems toward a single direction is unlikely to happen in the near future. This research fills in a serious gap in empirical legal analysis of the Chinese corporate governance reforms. It not only furthers our understanding of the nature of Chinese corporate law and governance, but also contributes to the ongoing debates on the convergence of national corporate governance systems and on legal transplants.
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Xie, Jiaqi. "The reform of China's state-owned enterprise legal system." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23585/.
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After 30 years of development since the late 1970s, China's State-owned Enterprise reform has performed very well. However, it has also faced many problems, such as administrative monopoly, the inappropriate income distribution system, and inappropriate property structure. The problems of administrative monopoly and income distribution were caused by inappropriate property structure of China's State-owned enterprise, which not only affect China's State-owned enterprise reform, but also affect the development of private sectors. Therefore, State-owned enterprises should have a rather clear boundary that they are suitable for production of public goods and quasi public goods in which market mechanism could not be brought into full play. The overall purpose of this thesis is to provide a systematic reform manner for China's State-owned enterprises. By reviewing and studying the history and process of China's State-owned enterprise legal system reform, and evaluating the its current situation, this thesis concludes that the current reform approach no longer benefit to China's economy, even became to the block of the further and healthier development to some degree, and the most serious problems are property structure, administrative monopoly, and income distribution. Due to the misunderstanding about China's State-owned enterprise status, the government and state-owned assets supervision and management departments have motivations and excuses to give preferential policies and privileges to State-owned enterprise. Which lead to the administrative monopoly issues and income distribution issues, and seriously impedes economic development. These three issues must be dealt with at the same time because they complement each other. Neglecting any issue of these three would cause the failure of other two reforms inevitably. This thesis will provide a new reform manner that deal with these three issues systematically, to improve State-owned enterprise system.
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Ibarro, Gallardo Rodrigo. "The Effect of Legal Reform on Feminicides in Mexico." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109230.
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Thesis advisor: Matthew RutledgeFeminicides are the gender motivated killings of women. In other words, they are the killing of women because they are women. This difference in motive from homicides means that feminicides merit legal distinction, which led all 32 Mexican states to reform their penal codes in order to include feminicide. This paper investigates the evolution of feminicide typifications across states, and evaluates whether states with stronger feminicide laws have been more effective at enforcing justice by having higher prosecution rates for feminicides. Three factors are of particular importance when measuring the strength of feminicide laws: (1) the number of objective criteria used to recognize gender motive; (2) the presence of subjective elements; and (3) the recognition of feminicide as an autonomous crime. This paper finds that between 2010 and 2017, the typification of feminicide laws improved for all three criteria, but many states continue to have laws that are far from ideal. Over the last decade, feminicide prosecution rate fell as a result of an increase in violence throughout the country, even though the number of feminicide prosecutions increased. Yet the strength of the laws had a positive and significant effect on feminicide prosecutions, suggesting that the decrease in the feminicide prosecution rate would have been greater were it not for the stronger laws. This paper finds that the average improvement in the feminicide laws led to an increase in the feminicide prosecution rate of between 12% and 21%
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Scholar of the College
Discipline: Economics
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Vereshchagin, A. N. "The development of judicial law-making in the Russian legal system." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397678.
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Pylypenko, Kateryna Andriyivna. "Judical Reform: Achievements and Omissions." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50807.
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Nowadays the issue of rights and freedoms of human and citizen is the main problem of domestic and foreign policy of the states in the world community. The presumption of innocence and other key rights and guarantees existed largely on paper, and the courts became centre of corruption.It should be remembered that a significant stage has been passed and it is necessary to continue the started projects, work on mistakes, involve the support of public experts and international partners for the development of justice in Ukraine.
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Wang, Wenying. "Arbitral power in the People's Republic of China reality and reform /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31782504.
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Robertson, Barbara Allen. "Judicial reform and the expansion of international society : the case of Egypt." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299884.
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Gourlay, K. A. "The scientific approach to legal history and legal reform : comparing the legal philosophy, historical methodology, and legal science of Blackstone, Kames, and Bentham." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1496049/.
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This thesis examines how William Blackstone, Lord Kames, and Jeremy Bentham each understood the significance of history in relation to legal development. By dedicating a chapter to each writer, discussing their legal and moral theory, and then examining their use of history within their writings, I show how each writer incorporated historical study within their legal sciences, and how it informed their ideas for legal reform. Each writer was representative of a specific moral theory - natural law, moral sense and common sense, and utilitarianism - and advocated a type of legal system. Blackstone adopted natural law theory and argued that it was the common law's consistency with natural law that gave it validity. Kames advocated the idea of moral sense and common sense, and argued that legal change could occur within a court of equity. Finally, Bentham advocated the principle of utility, and argued that the English common law legal system should be replaced with a system of legislation based on the principle of utility. Thus, explaining the role that history played within their legal sciences provides a window into their views on the study of history and its usefulness for understanding law and society. While it is often assumed that Bentham's philosophy was ahistorical, Bentham's use of history was un-tendentious in comparison to Blackstone and Kames, who were concerned to appeal to history in order to support their legal and moral theories. Because Bentham's legal science did not directly rely on history for validation or for determining legal reform, he was able to investigate and examine history at face value without being influenced by contemporary eighteenth-century issues. Bentham, moreover, wished to create a legal system that was clear, transparent, public, and rationally calculated. The rationality and transparency of Bentham's legal system aimed to permit legal change to occur openly and quickly whenever needed.
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Minhaji, Akh. "Ahmad Hassan and Islamic legal reform in Indonesia (1887-1958)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30339.pdf.
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Zhan, W. "Ownership Reform, Dividend Policy and Legal Development : Essays on China." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517024.
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Nhancale, Paulo. "Reform of legal protection of persons with disabilities in Mozambique." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18631.
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Mozambique is a least developed country (LDC), and is among the five lowest on the Human Development Index and is known to have no specific protection of people with disabilities (PWDs) with as up to specific legislation has been adopted but g but general laws on social welfare. Although the 2004 Constitution has a generic protection norm nothing much can be found in the whole system. Unfortunately, the 1990 Constitution was more protective and more specifics; the former roughly reduced the extent of protection that existed before. It can be said that Mozambique does not have any protection of PWDs at all.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Nasha, Refilwe M. "Criminalising Marital Rape in Botswana: The Need for Legal Reform." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31714.
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Marital rape is not a criminal offence in Botswana. This means therefore that, the law of Botswana recognises other forms of rape, except for marital rape. Marital rape is a form of intimate partner violence that the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of violence Against Women refers to as domestic violence. Marital rape is also a form of gender based violence against women because it is a violence that is directed against women because they are women. Marital rape results in serious medical, emotional and mental harm. As a result, marital rape violates numerous human rights that range from the right not to be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, the right to security and liberty of the person, as well as the right to health, just to mention a few. The human rights that are violated by marital rape are provided for under international human rights instruments that Botswana has ratified. Further, The Constitution of Botswana contains, in its Bill of Rights, a provision that guarantees every person in Botswana protection of the law regardless of sex. The biggest challenge for this dissertation is that there is no scientific evidence that serves as authority that marital rape does occur in Botswana. However, the findings of the studies conducted on gender based violence show there is a strong possibility of marital rape due to some cultural factors that give men sexual entitlement in a marriage. Further some women have come out to relate their rape ordeals at the hands of their husbands. With this dissertation, I seek to make a case for the criminalisation of marital rape. My argument in this dissertation is that, even without scientific evidence in the form of statistics, any form of violence against women is a violation of women human rights. As a result, it is necessary for Botswana to put measures in place, including criminalising marital rape, to protect married women’s human rights. Further, even though a sovereign state, Botswana has ratified international human rights instruments and is therefore bound by its international obligations to prevent, eradicate and punish any form of violence that violates human rights. Furthermore, other than what international law provide in regard to criminalisation of marital rape, marital rape needs to criminalised in order to provide effective protection and remedies for married women against marital rape.
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Koehler, Jobst. "The Growth of Judicial Power and Citizenship Reform in Germany in the 1990s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517208.
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Meziara, Flavia Correa. "Anencefalia: análise crítica nos âmbitos médico e legal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-27092013-104729/.
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A questão do aborto por de fetos malformadosno Brasil é problemática, face a ausência de legislação que permita a interrupção da gestação. Tais tipos de aborto são considerados ilegais, já que o Código Penal vigente prevê somente duas possibilidades de interrrupção: risco de vida para a mãe e em decorrência de estupro. A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar os casos de fetos malformados cujas mães foram atendidas no HCRP/USP e propor na Justiça ospedidos de interrupção destas gestações quando assim desejassem. Conclui-se que ainda há falta de informação por parte dos médicos em relação a possibilidade de indicação deste tipo de gestação, ainda que o quadro tenha melhorado e que quanto mais os magistrados conhecem e têm acesso ao que a medicina pode lhes oferecer, maior a probabilidade de deferimento destes Alvarás.The issue of abortion by the malformed fetuses in Brazil is problematic, given the absence of legislation allowing the interruption of pregnancy. These types of abortion are illegal, since the current Penal Code provides only two possibilities for interrupcion: a life-threatening for mother and as a result of rape. This study aimed to examine the cases ofmalformed fetuses whose mothers were assisted in HCRP / USP and propose the Justice requests for interruption of pregnancies when so wished.) It follows that there is still lack of information fromdoctors regarding possible indication of this type of pregnancy, though the picture has improved and that the more judges know and have access to what medicine can offer them, the more probability of acceptance of these documents.
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Nogueira, Marcelo Francisco. "Reconhecimento, mensuração e evidenciação do passivo judicial trabalhista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-03052016-112011/.
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A má avaliação do passivo judicial pode impactar de modo negativo as disponibilidades financeiras da organização, com consequencias para sua liquidez e para a continuidade das atividades operacionais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o reconhecimento, a mensuração e a evidenciação do Passivo Judicial Trabalhista atendem aos pressupostos da literatura contábil e do direito natural, no que toca ao conceito de fair value. No contexto metodológico, apresentou-se o arcabouço teórico-jurídico do reconhecimento, da mensuração e da evidenciação. Em seguida, dentre as empresas listadas nos segmentos Nível 1, Nível 2 e Novo Mercado da BM&FBovespa foram selecionadas, para a amostra, as 40 empresas com maior quantidade de ações em tramitação no TST. Foram analisadas as Notas Explicativas dessas companhias e verificou-se que, a maior parte não divulga informações alusivas à origem do passivo judicial trabalhista, à forma de mensuração das provisões, à quantidade de ações e ao cronograma de desembolsos. Assim, as práticas adotadas por tais empresas não estão em conformidade plena com os pressupostos da literatura contábil e do direito natural pois as determinações contábeis (CPC 25) tem sido observadas em sua forma menos ampla. Também foi constatado que há possibilidade de melhoria no processo de reconhecimento, mensuração e evidenciação eis que há boas práticas, pontuais, nas companhias examinadas que podem ser generalizadas para as demais.The misjudgment of legal liabilities may impact negatively on the availability of financial organization, with consequences for its liquidity and continuity of operational activities. The present study aimed to verify the recognition, measurement and disclosure of Judicial Labor Liabilities complies with the assumptions of accounting literature and natural law when it comes to the concept of fair value. In the methodological context, it was performed the theoretical and legal framework of recognition, measurement and disclosure. Then, among the companies listed in Level 1, Level 2 and New Market of BM&F Bovespa, the 40 companies with the largest number of shares in processing in TST were selected for the sample. The explanatory notes of these companies were analyzed and it was found that the most part of them does not disclose information about the origin of the legal liability, the form of measurement of provisions, the amount of shares and the disbursement schedule. Thus, the practices adopted by such companies are not in full compliance with the conditions of accounting literature and natural law because accounting determinations (CPC 25) have been observed in it less wide way. It was also found that there is an opportunity for improvement in the process of recognition, measurement and disclosure once there are good and punctual practices in the examined companies that could be generalized to the others.
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Sharp, Naomi. "Wrongful system rights violations and the potential of court-sponsored structural reform." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64306.pdf.
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Wang, Wenying, and 王文英. "Arbitral power in the People's Republic of China: reality and reform." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31782504.
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Jonsson, Anna. "Judicial Review and Individual Legal Activism : The Case of Russia in Theoretical Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Faculty of Law & Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5811.
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