Academic literature on the topic 'Judgments, Foreign – Europe'
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Journal articles on the topic "Judgments, Foreign – Europe"
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Cuniberti, Gilles. "THE RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS LACKING REASONS IN EUROPE: ACCESS TO JUSTICE, FOREIGN COURT AVOIDANCE, AND EFFICIENCY." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 57, no. 1 (January 2008): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058930800002x.
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AbstractThe recognition of foreign judgments lacking reasons raises several policy issues. Reason-giving is perceived by the European Court of Human Rights as critical to ensure an effective access to justice. Yet, foreign judgments often lack reasons because the defendant failed to appear before the foreign court, and it may be right to sanction this strategy of foreign court avoidance. Finally, the European Union has begun to implement its policy of efficiency of cross-border enforcement, which commands states to recognize such judgments irrespective of any other consideration. This article explores whether these conflicting issues can be reconciled.
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Calliess, Gralf-Peter. "Value-added Norms, Local Litigation, and Global Enforcement: Why the Brussels-Philosophy failed in The Hague." German Law Journal 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013365.
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In the early Nineties the Hague Conference on International Private Law on initiative of the United States started negotiations on a Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (the “Hague Convention“). In October 1999 the Special Commission on duty presented a preliminary text, which was drafted quite closely to the European Convention on Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (the “Brussels Convention“). The latter was concluded between the then 6 Member States of the EEC in Brussels in 1968 and amended several times on occasion of the entry of new Member States. In 2000, after the Treaty of Amsterdam altered the legal basis for judicial co-operation in civil matters in Europe, it was transformed into an EC Regulation (the “Brussels I Regulation”).
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Novoseltsev, Aleksey Yu, and Konstantin V. Stepanyugin. "ON PROBLEMS ORIGINATING FROM RUSSIA`S MEMBERSHIP IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND OBLIGATIONS TO EXECUTE ECHR JUDGMENTS." Public international and private international law 1 (January 21, 2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3910-2021-1-16-19.
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In the article, the authors consider two main forms of cooperation in the field of human rights. According to the authors, a more universal form of cooperation is currently not related to the subordination of the parties to an agreement on human rights to the jurisdiction of an interstate body. The subordination of Russia to such a body must meet a number of conditions that the Council of Europe does not meet. This leads to problems with Russians implementation of the decisions of the ECHR In conclusion, the authors believes that the ECHR is an effective mechanism for the protection of rights and freedoms only for a group of founding states of the Council of Europe, bound by common interests, values, coordinated foreign and domestic policies. The authors believes that Russia needs to return to the rules of international cooperation in the field of human rights set out in Helsinki Final Act on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
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Lee, Hyeong Seok. "A Study on the Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights: The Right to a Fair Trial: Focusing on the European Court of Human Rights' Case on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments." Institute for Legal Studies Chonnam National University 42, no. 3 (August 30, 2022): 293–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.38133/cnulawreview.2022.42.3.293.
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The European Convention on Human Rights is a document that guarantees human rights by limiting the scope to Europe. In the Convention on Human Rights, various human rights are derived and guaranteed by the interpretation of the European Court of Human Rights as well as human rights under the Convention. Among the human rights guaranteed by the Human Rights Convention, there is a right to trial. The right to a trial is the right to a fair trial, the right to a trial within a reasonable period of Consisted. Recently, as movement between countries has become easier, the right to a trial has become an issue not only in domestic judicial procedures but also in the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The basic purpose of the right to a trial is to obtain relief from the right through a fair and expeditious trial in an independent court for those who want to settle personal disputes and disputes between innocence and innocence of those charged with criminal trials through judicial procedures. The right to receive such a trial has the character of a subjective right, but it can be seen that the state's discretion is wide due to the nature of the state power called judicial power. Due to the nature of the state power of judicial power, there is also a wide room for the discretion of the state. The European Court of Human Rights interprets the right to a trial under the Human Rights Convention more broadly, and recognizes the right to the recognition and execution of foreign judgments as precedents. In this paper, the meaning of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, which have been formed by the precedents of the European Court of Human Rights, and the guarantee procedures and limitations in contracting countries are to be reviewed.
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Koźmiński, Krzysztof. "Bank loans denominated and indexed to foreign currency ‒ a Polish, Ukrainian or Europe-Wide problem?" Studia Iuridica 71 (November 20, 2017): 117–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5817.
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The institution of a bank mortgage denominated/indexed to foreign currency (referred to generally and not very precisely as “foreign currency loan” or “loan adjusted to foreign currency”) is an instrument commonly used by a broad group of citizens of European states for acquiring capital with a view to purchasing a housing unit. Until recently, such loans were popular not only in Poland and other countries belonging to the so-called “New Union” (those whose accession took place within the last decade or so: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary and Croatia), Austria, Spain, Italy, Portugal, but also outside of the borders of the Union: in Russia, Serbia and Ukraine (however, one difference was the currency in which obligations were evaluated – whilst loans in EU countries were dominated by the Swiss Franc, Ukrainian lendees more frequently relied upon loans “adjusted” to the U.S. dollar). Regardless of differences persisting in legislative regimes, peculiarities of national legal systems and local economic and social conditions, in all those countries doubts have arisen whether a drastic change in currency rate (which results in an obligation to pay off a loan on conditions much less attractive than beforehand) constitutes a legally relevant circumstance that could permit one to release oneself from having to perform one’s contractual duties or, at least, facilitate granting some relief in fulfilling increasingly more onerous obligations towards banks. To discuss the permissibility and legal aspects of foreign currency loan contracts is complicated not only from the juridical point of view, but is also of interest to society, politics and economics. Still, the problem attracts strong emotions, particularly among lendees who took out a foreign currency loan and now feel deceived due to a change of the currency rate. The lendees and their organizations often expect involvement, particularly from EU bodies, where, in their estimation, domestic authorities have failed or “succumbed to the banking lobby”. Unfortunately, having observed the course of events over the last several years, one may surmise that the low number of judgments in cases concerning denominated bank loans, and especially the sceptical approach of the Court of Justice, have generated a lot of disappointment.
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Rusnak, Ivan, and Maryna Vasylyk. "INNOVATIVE PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AT NON-SPECIAL FACULTIES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS." Collection of Scientific Papers of Uman State Pedagogical University, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2307-4906.2.2021.236670.
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The article substantiates the relevance of improving the quality of foreign language education of graduates of higher education institutions of non-special faculties as a means of their professional mobility in the domestic and world labor market and intercultural communication in modern globalized world. It is focused on ensuring the innovative development of its teaching methods, the introduction of modern technologies, bringing the learning process in line with world and European requirements.The classification of teaching methods in pedagogical science is considered, among which the classification of A. Beliaev, based on the active interaction of subjects of the educational process, is determined as the most appropriate for mastering a foreign language.The most effective didactic methods (project method, method of “brainstorming”, method of business and didactic games) are described. They are applied in learning English at non-special faculties and specific examples of their use in classes both in the classroom and outside it, in real professional and life situations.The peculiarities of using modern information and multimedia technologies in teaching English and innovative approaches in the formation of skills and abilities in reading, writing, communicative competencies are highlighted. The didactic possibilities of electronic platforms MOODLE and Pearson in proficiency in English are revealed.It was found that the expansion of interstate ties, integration into Europe, adherence to world values and the process of globalization has increased the opportunities for contacts with native speakers. Therefore, the study of a foreign language in higher school acquires practical significance, and the communicative function of the language plays a major role in the process of expressing feelings, judgments and assimilation of information and knowledge presented in any form.
Keywords: English language, innovative principles, teaching methods, information technologies, multimedia technologies, non-special faculties, educational applicants, communicative competences, institutions of higher education, educational process.
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Nepyipa, R. O. "ISSUES OF THE EXECUTION OF JUDGEMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN UKRAINE AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS." Legal horizons 33, no. 20 (2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i20.p23.
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The article analyzes the problems of implementation of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights by Ukraine. In this context, too, the key problems and peculiarities of the current state of implementation of Ukraine’s judgments of the European Court of Human Rights are highlighted. It is emphasized that the enforcement of judgments by Ukraine is an important guarantee of ensuring the right to a fair trial. However, the lack of proper enforcement is recognized by the European Court of Human Rights as a violation of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It is emphasized that the problematic issue in the implementation of ECHR decisions is that the state executor, as a representative of the public authority, receives a salary from the State Budget of Ukraine, but is obliged, according to executive documents, to act against his state. Thanks to the planned reform of the State Bailiffs’ Service of Ukraine, it is envisaged to create a private system of enforcement of court decisions, since a non-governmental institution would not be more effective in this case. The problem of determining the location of the collector by the ECtHR is considered. It is suggested that in order to find out the location (location) of the collector, in accordance with the ECtHR decision, a special procedure should be provided, a list of necessary actions to be taken by a state body. In particular, such actions may be sending requests to the last known place of work. It is emphasized that legal and political risks for Ukraine are that the violating state may be subject to various sanctions, such as deprivation of voting rights or suspension of membership, up to and including exclusion from the Council of Europe. It is proved that the source of inefficient work of the executive service should be sought, first of all, in imperfect legal regulation, numerous legislative restrictions, and insufficient state costs for the implementation of ECtHR decisions. The experience of Germany on the practice of implementing ECtHR decisions is considered and it is proposed to borrow the experience of foreign countries in the current situation. It is noted that an important step of Ukraine towards European statehood is to increase the level of national protection of citizens and to adopt a law that provides for the accountability of public authorities and their officials for inaction in the implementation of ECtHR decisions. Keywords: European Court of Human Rights, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, judgment, enforcement, general measures.
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Stoppenbrink, Katja. "Systemwechsel im Internationalen Anerkennungsrecht: Von der EuGVVO Zur Geplanten Abschaffung des Exequaturs." European Review of Private Law 10, Issue 5 (October 1, 2002): 641–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/5103418.
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The communitarisation of judicial cooperation in civil matters by the Treaty of Amsterdam marks a new epoch in the unification of law in Europe. The European law of conflict of jurisdictions is affected by this, too. On 1 March 2002 Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters entered into force, thus replacing the European Convention of 27 September 1968 (the so-called Brussels Convention). However, the “re-enactment” of the Brussels Convention as a Community regulation is only the first move towards a profound change in the European law system of recognition, a change aimed at the abolition of the exequatur. In accordance with the principle of mutual recognition the objective is to create “freedom of movement for judgments” between the EU Member States (I). First this paper presents the procedure of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments under the Brussels Convention as well as the modifications introduced by the new regulation (II), focussing on the catalogue of defences to recognition in article 27 of the Brussels Convention, which until now have had to be controlled ex officio by the judge responsible for the recognition of proceedings. Under the new regulation the test of defences to recognition is no longer applied ex officio but shifts to the appellate procedure (articles 43 and 45; III). The paper concentrates on the consequences of the new regulation for the equity of the procedure. Therefore problems resulting from the intended abolition of the exequatur are discussed (IV). Central features of the analysis are the ensuing curtailment of judicial review (and thus of legal protection) and the abolition of the ordre public test. The concludes that the latter cannot be given up as ultima ratio as long as there remain differences between procedural (and hence constitutional) standards in the EU member states, i.e. as long as there is no truly European judicial area (cf. Article 61 EC Treaty; V).
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Grebnyak, Oksana, and Olga Novozhenina. "The structure of social anxiety in Russian society: gender emphasis." Science. Culture. Society 28, no. 2S (September 6, 2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.2s.2.
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The article presents the structure of Russian citizens' anxiety in the gender context, focusing on the attitude of Russian women to the economic and social policy conducted by the authorities, self-assessment of their financial situation, expectations and vision of the future. The material is based on the data of the 52nd stage of the All-Russian monitoring "How are you, Russia?", conducted with the participation of the authors in May 2022 by the Institute of Socio-Political Research of FCTAS RAS. It shows the convergence of men's and women's value judgments due to the increased social and economic activity of women. At the same time, there is still a traditional difference in the level of income, as well as in the distribution of gender roles according to the archetypes "woman = keeper of the family home" and "man = strategist, thinking globally. Respondents of both sexes expressed equally minimal concern about the topic of the special military operation in Ukraine, with women showing serious concern about the economic consequences of the current foreign policy. In the structure of their anxiety, problems of rising prices, economic sanctions, deteriorating relations with the U.S. and Europe, and, as a consequence, fear of an uncertain future lead the way. Lack of stability and uncertainty decrease the loyalty to the power structures among female respondents, who are the most vulnerable in the current situation, slightly increasing the level of protest activity in parallel.
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Kaeb, Caroline, and David Scheffer. "The Paradox of Kiobel in Europe." American Journal of International Law 107, no. 4 (October 2013): 852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.4.0852.
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One of the most striking features of Chief Justice John Roberts’s majority opinion in the U.S. Supreme Court’s judgment in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. is how it pays homage to foreign governments’ opposition to the extraterritorial application of the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), as voiced most prominently from European foreign ministries. “[F]oreign policy concerns” and the overarching goal to avoid diplomatic tensions with foreign sovereigns are themes heavily informing the Roberts opinion. The majority found the presumption against extraterritoriality applicable to the ATS in large part due to fear of “unwarranted judicial interference in the conduct of [U.S.] foreign policy” if the Court allowed the ATS to “reach conduct occurring in the territory of a foreign sovereign.” In that light, the Kiobel judgment can be understood primarily as a decision prohibiting the overreach of U.S. law and protecting jurisdictional prerogatives of lex loci delicti and state of incorporation alike.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Judgments, Foreign – Europe"
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Huang, Paula. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments : are the rules appropriate?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61917/24/Paula%20Huang%20Thesis.pdf.
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The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is an aspect of private international law, and concerns situations where a successful party to litigation seeks to rely on a judgment obtained in one court, in a court in another jurisdiction. The most common example where the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments may arise is where a party who has obtained a favourable judgment in one state or country may seek to recognise and enforce the judgment in another state or country. This occurs because there is no sufficient asset in the state or country where the judgment was rendered to satisfy that judgment.
As technological advancements in communications over vast geographical distances have improved exponentially in recent years, there has been an increase in cross-border transactions, as well as litigation arising from these transactions. As a result, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is of increasing importance, since a party who has obtained a judgment in cross-border litigation may wish to recognise and enforce the judgment in another state or country, where the defendant’s assets may be located without having to re-litigate substantive issues that have already been resolved in another court.
The purpose of the study is to examine whether the current state of laws for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Australia, the United States and the European Community are in line with modern-commercial needs. The study is conducted by weighing two competing objectives between the notion of finality of litigation, which encourages courts to recognise and enforce judgments foreign to them, on the one hand, and the adequacy of protection to safeguard the recognition and enforcement proceedings, so that there would be no injustice or unfairness if a foreign judgment is recognised and enforced, on the other.
The findings of the study are as follows. In both Australia and the United States, there is a different approach concerning the recognition and enforcement of judgments rendered by courts interstate or in a foreign country. In order to maintain a single and integrated nation, there are constitutional and legislative requirements authorising courts to give conclusive effects to interstate judgments. In contrast, if the recognition and enforcement actions involve judgments rendered by a foreign country’s court, an Australian or a United States court will not recognise and enforce the foreign judgment unless the judgment has satisfied a number of requirements and does not fall under any of the exceptions to justify its non-recognition and non-enforcement. In the European Community, the Brussels I Regulation which governs the recognition and enforcement of judgments among European Union Member States has created a scheme, whereby there is only a minimal requirement that needs to be satisfied for the purposes of recognition and enforcement. Moreover, a judgment that is rendered by a Member State and based on any of the jurisdictional bases set forth in the Brussels I Regulation is entitled to be recognised and enforced in another Member State without further review of its underlying jurisdictional basis. However, there are concerns as to the adequacy of protection available under the Brussels I Regulation to safeguard the judgment-enforcing Member States, as well as those against whom recognition or enforcement is sought.
This dissertation concludes by making two recommendations aimed at improving the means by which foreign judgments are recognised and enforced in the selected jurisdictions. The first is for the law in both Australia and the United States to undergo reform, including: adopting the real and substantial connection test as the new jurisdictional basis for the purposes of recognition and enforcement; liberalising the existing defences to safeguard the application of the real and substantial connection test; extending the application of the Foreign Judgments Act 1991 (Cth) in Australia to include at least its important trading partners; and implementing a federal statutory scheme in the United States to govern the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The second recommendation is to introduce a convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The convention will be a convention double, which provides uniform standards for the rules of jurisdiction a court in a contracting state must exercise when rendering a judgment and a set of provisions for the recognition and enforcement of resulting judgments.
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Baumgartner, Samuel P. "The proposed Hague Convention on jurisdiction and foreign judgments : trans-Atlantic lawmaking for transnational litigation /." Tübingen : Mohr, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/360708293.pdf.
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Richard, Vincent. "Le jugement par défaut dans l'espace judiciaire européen." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D044.
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La reconnaissance ou l’exécution des jugements étrangers rendus par défaut est régulièrement refusée par les juges français statuant lors d’une instance en exequatur. Ce constat se retrouve également dans d’autres États membres de l’Union européenne alors que de nombreux règlements régissent la circulation entre États membres des décisions rendues en matière civile et commerciale. La présente étude consiste à examiner ce problème afin de comprendre quels sont les obstacles à la circulation des décisions par défaut et des injonctions de payer en Europe. En effet, lorsque l’on évoque la reconnaissance des jugements par défaut, il serait plus exact d’évoquer la reconnaissance des décisions prises à la fin d’une procédure par défaut. C’est cette procédure, plus que le jugement lui-même, qui est examinée par le juge de l’exequatur pour déterminer si la décision doit être accueillie. Cette étude est donc premièrement consacrée aux procédures par défaut et aux procédures d’injonctions de payer en vigueur dans les droits français, anglais, belge et luxembourgeois. Il s’agit d’analyser et de comparer ces procédures afin de mettre en lumière leurs divergences, qu’elles soient conceptuelles ou simplement techniques. Une fois ces divergences identifiées, cette étude se tourne vers le droit international privé afin de comprendre quels éléments des procédures par défaut sont susceptibles de faire obstacle à leur circulation. L’association de ces deux perspectives permet, enfin, d’envisager un rapprochement progressif des procédures par défaut nationales afin de faciliter leur éventuelle circulation dans l’espace judiciaire européenFrench judges regularly refuse to enforce foreign judgements rendered by default against a defendant who has not appeared. This finding is also true for other Member States, as many European regulations govern cross-border enforcement of decisions rendered in civil and commercial matters between Member States. The present study examines this problem in order to understand the obstacles to the circulation of default decisions and payment orders in Europe. When referring to the recognition of default judgments, it would be more accurate to refer to the recognition of decisions made as a result of default proceedings. It is indeed this (default) procedure, more than the judgment itself, which is examined by the exequatur judge to determine whether the foreign decision should be enforced. This study is therefore firstly devoted to default procedures and payment order procedures in French, English, Belgian and Luxembourgish laws. These procedures are analysed and compared in order to highlight their differences, be they conceptual or simply technical in nature. Once these discrepancies have been identified, this study turns to private international law in order to understand which elements of the default procedures are likely to hinder their circulation. The combination of these two perspectives makes it possible to envisage a gradual approximation of national default procedures in order to facilitate their potential circulation in the European area of freedom, security and justice
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Lopez, de Tejada Maria. "La disparition de l'exequatur." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020013.
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PONZANO, FLAVIO. "Gli effetti di giudicato delle sentenze straniere e dei lodi." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/53868.
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Benché ampiamente studiata con riferimento al contenzioso interno, la res judicata ha ricevuto minore attenzione nella sua “dimensione internazionale”. Il presente lavoro si propone di esplorare i profili incerti degli effetti di giudicato delle “decisioni non domestiche”, intese come decisioni non provenienti dalle corti del foro, e in particolare delle sentenze straniere e dei lodi arbitrali internazionali. Nel tentativo di superare almeno parte delle incertezze e dei problemi della prassi attuale, in relazione alle sentenze straniere si sostiene che i relativi effetti di giudicato vengano determinati sulla base della teoria dell’estensione assoluta degli effetti, la quale assicura certezza giuridica transnazionale ed è consona alla moderna evoluzione liberale delle norme sul riconoscimento. Quanto ai lodi arbitrali, si propone che le istituzioni arbitrali adottino, nei propri regolamenti, ampie regole preclusive che riflettano la natura e gli obiettivi del procedimento arbitrale. Le soluzioni proposte condividono l’idea che gli effetti di giudicato di una “decisione non domestica” dovrebbero essere determinati in linea di principio dal “sistema” a cui la decisione appartiene, sebbene l’adozione di un approccio unitario risulti problematica quando questioni di giudicato sorgono tra corti statali e tribunali arbitrali in maniera da compromettere l’autonomia dell’arbitrato internazionale.Although extensively studied in domestic litigation, res judicata has received less attention in its “international dimension”. This work seeks to navigate the uncharted waters of the res judicata effects of “non-domestic decisions”, understood as decisions that are not rendered by the courts of the forum, and in particular of foreign judgments and international arbitral awards. In an attempt to overcome at least part of the uncertainties and problems of the current practice, as regards foreign judgments it is proposed that their res judicata effects be determined based on the theory of the absolute extension of effects, which ensures cross-border legal certainty and accords with the modern liberal evolution of recognition rules. As regards arbitral awards, it is suggested that arbitral institutions adopt, in their regulations, broad preclusive rules that reflect the nature and objectives of the arbitral process. The proposed solutions share the idea that the res judicata effects of a “non-domestic decision” should be in principle determined according to the “system” to which the decision belongs, although the adoption of a unitary approach is challenged when res judicata issues arise between state courts and arbitral tribunals so to jeopardize the autonomy of international arbitration.
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PONZANO, FLAVIO. "Gli effetti di giudicato delle sentenze straniere e dei lodi." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/53868.
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Benché ampiamente studiata con riferimento al contenzioso interno, la res judicata ha ricevuto minore attenzione nella sua “dimensione internazionale”. Il presente lavoro si propone di esplorare i profili incerti degli effetti di giudicato delle “decisioni non domestiche”, intese come decisioni non provenienti dalle corti del foro, e in particolare delle sentenze straniere e dei lodi arbitrali internazionali. Nel tentativo di superare almeno parte delle incertezze e dei problemi della prassi attuale, in relazione alle sentenze straniere si sostiene che i relativi effetti di giudicato vengano determinati sulla base della teoria dell’estensione assoluta degli effetti, la quale assicura certezza giuridica transnazionale ed è consona alla moderna evoluzione liberale delle norme sul riconoscimento. Quanto ai lodi arbitrali, si propone che le istituzioni arbitrali adottino, nei propri regolamenti, ampie regole preclusive che riflettano la natura e gli obiettivi del procedimento arbitrale. Le soluzioni proposte condividono l’idea che gli effetti di giudicato di una “decisione non domestica” dovrebbero essere determinati in linea di principio dal “sistema” a cui la decisione appartiene, sebbene l’adozione di un approccio unitario risulti problematica quando questioni di giudicato sorgono tra corti statali e tribunali arbitrali in maniera da compromettere l’autonomia dell’arbitrato internazionale.Although extensively studied in domestic litigation, res judicata has received less attention in its “international dimension”. This work seeks to navigate the uncharted waters of the res judicata effects of “non-domestic decisions”, understood as decisions that are not rendered by the courts of the forum, and in particular of foreign judgments and international arbitral awards. In an attempt to overcome at least part of the uncertainties and problems of the current practice, as regards foreign judgments it is proposed that their res judicata effects be determined based on the theory of the absolute extension of effects, which ensures cross-border legal certainty and accords with the modern liberal evolution of recognition rules. As regards arbitral awards, it is suggested that arbitral institutions adopt, in their regulations, broad preclusive rules that reflect the nature and objectives of the arbitral process. The proposed solutions share the idea that the res judicata effects of a “non-domestic decision” should be in principle determined according to the “system” to which the decision belongs, although the adoption of a unitary approach is challenged when res judicata issues arise between state courts and arbitral tribunals so to jeopardize the autonomy of international arbitration.
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Kaoula, Bilal. "L'éloignement des étrangers dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD034.
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L’objectif de ce travail est de traiter la problématique de l’éloignement des étrangers sous l’angle des droits de l’homme en Europe. En effet, la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme permet de limiter le droit des Etats d’expulser, d’extrader, ou de reconduire à la frontière les étrangers. La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme exige que toute mesure d’éloignement prise à l’encontre de l’étranger respecte les droits fondamentaux énumérés dans la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. Ces exigences découlent de l’interprétation dynamique et évolutive des articles de ce texte, offrant une protection aux étrangers contre tout renvoi vers des destinations où ils risquent de subir des mauvais traitements. De même, l’expulsion des étrangers délinquants ayant des liens d’attachements dans l’Etat d’accueil peut constituer une violation de leur droit à une vie privée et familiale. Le juge européen octroie également des garanties procédurales aux mineurs étrangers et aux demandeurs d’asile en leur maintenant le droit à un recours effectif. Toutefois, le juge européen limite l’application de certains articles quand la mesure d’éloignement est nécessaire pour la sauvegarde de l’ordre public et la sécurité nationale. A ce titre, le juge refuse d’appliquer le droit à un procès équitable en cas d’extradition ou d’interdiction de territoires, en particulier à ceux suspectés de terrorisme. Afin de réconcilier l’intérêt des Etats et la protection les droits fondamentaux de l’étranger frappé par une mesure d’éloignement, les juges de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme examinent ce contentieux au cas par cas. En somme, les solutions européennes permettent de modifier le statut interne de l’étranger en situation d’éloignement et de combler les défaillances du droit international en la matièreThe objective of this study is to address the issue of removal of foreigners from the human rights perspective in Europe. Indeed, the European Convention on Human Rights limits the right of member States to expulse, extradite or deport foreigners. The European Court of Human Rights requires that any order of removal against a foreigner must respect the fundamental rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights. This requirement stems from the dynamic and evolving interpretation of the articles of the Convention, which provide protection against the sending of foreigners towards destinations where they risk being subjected to ill- treatment. Likewise, the removal of unlawful non-citizens with strong bonding ties in the host Member State may constitute a violation of their right to a private and family life. There are also procedural protection such as the right to an effective remedy, granted by the European Court to foreign minors and asylum seekers. However, the European Court limits the application of certain articles of the Convention when removal is necessary in order to maintain public and national security. As such, the judge refuses to recognize the right to a fair trial for those extradited or banned from entering a member State if suspected terrorism. In order to strike balance between the interests of States and the protection of fundamental rights of foreigners affected by a removal order, the judges of the European Court of Human Rights examine the situation case by case. In summary, the European approach enables the transformation of the internal status of foreigners subject to removal, and thus corrects the deficiencies of international law in the matter
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Bilyachenko, Alexey. "La circulation internationale des situations juridiques." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROD001/document.
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La présente thèse part d’une tendance de la jurisprudence européenne, destinée à influencer la jurisprudence nationale de droit international privé, et se trouve dans le prolongement d’un grand débat doctrinal d’actualité. Il s’agit de la méthode de reconnaissance des situations juridiques, qui suppose l’abandon de la règle de conflit de lois. L’objectif est de conceptualiser cette nouvelle méthode et d’en définir le domaine et les conditions de mise en œuvre. Vu les particularités du sujet, la recherche passe nécessairement par plusieurs thèmes fondamentaux du droit international privé mais aussi du droit européen, du droit privé général et de la théorie du droitInspired by a trend in the European case law, which is meant to affect the national ones, the dissertation takes part to a topical debate among European academics on the putting aside the choice-of-law rules. It is about application of so-called recognition method to the foreign legal situations that haven’t been enacted in court. The purpose is to conceptualise this new method and to determine its scope and its modalities. Given the particularity of the task, the study necessarily bears on several pivotal topics of private international law but also of European law, general private law and jurisprudence
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VAN, DOORN Juliette. "La portée internationale des mesures provisoires : L'article 24 de la Convention de Bruxelles." Doctoral thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5506.
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Bertini, Mara Regina. "Tutela Processual do Direito à Execução de Decisões Judiciais em Espaços Economicamente e Socialmente Integrados: Um Olhar do Mercosul para a União Europeia." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93155.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Direito, ramo de Ciências Jurídico-Processuais apresentada à Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de CoimbraO objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a tutela processual do direito em espaços economicamente e socialmente integrados, no que tange ao reconhecimento e execução de decisões judiciais e laudos arbitrais proferidos em um Estado membro, com o intuito de assegurar a eficácia destas decisões em outro Estado membro de um bloco econômico. A exemplo do que ocorre nos processos de integração econômica em que são criados meios para garantir a livre circulação de pessoas, bens, serviços e capitais, também é possível avançar no processo de integração jurídica, permitindo a livre circulação de decisões judiciais e laudos arbitrais proferidos por outros Estados membros integrantes de um bloco econômico, considerando que uma situação jurídica válida criada em um Estado membro deve produzir os mesmos efeitos nos demais integrantes do bloco. Foca-se o estudo no processo de integração jurídica, que deve acompanhar a evolução do processo de integração econômica, nos espaços economicamente e socialmente integrados, por meio da utilização do direito processual para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. A livre circulação de decisões judiciais e laudos arbitrais provenientes de Estados membros no âmbito do Mercosul deve ser viabilizada, equiparando as decisões nacionais e as procedentes de outro Estado membro, mediante a criação de um instrumento normativo a ser firmado pelos Estados membros do bloco. O trabalho está dividido em quatro partes, considerando seu intuito de buscar parâmetros para o desenvolvimento de um protocolo, como contributo para o Mercosul, para o aprofundamento do seu processo de integração jurídica. Na primeira parte, discorre-se acerca dos espaços economicamente e socialmente integrados, apresentando a evolução histórica do processo de integração da União Europeia, adotada como paradigma para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, bem como a trajetória percorrida pelo Mercosul. O objetivo é demonstrar as diferenças existentes nos modelos de integração adotados nos dois blocos: a intergovernabilidade no Mercosul e a supranacionalidade na União Europeia. Na segunda parte, são analisados os atos abrangidos pela tutela jurídica transnacional, discorrendo acerca do processo civil internacional e centralizando nas diversas modalidades de cooperação jurídica, por meio da utilização de carta rogatória, auxílio direto, pedido de informação de direito estrangeiro, reconhecimento e homologação de sentenças estrangeiras. Também, são apontados os instrumentos jurídicos existentes na União Europeia e no Mercosul, com o intuito de diagnosticar o quadro normativo existente nos dois blocos. Este estudo permite encontrar parâmetros para o desenvolvimento da proposta deste trabalho, especialmente no tocante à harmonização das normas internas, visando reduzir as diferenças de tratamento dispensadas pelas legislações nacionais para o processo de reconhecimento e execução de decisões judiciais e laudos arbitrais provenientes de Estados membros do Mercosul. Na terceira parte, demonstra-se a necessidade de substituição do atual modelo de reconhecimento e execução de decisões judiciais e laudos arbitrais no âmbito do Mercosul, sendo apresentada a estrutura do protocolo proposto neste trabalho, que viabiliza o reconhecimento e a execução automáticos das decisões originárias de Estados membros deste bloco, suprimindo o “exequatur” e dispensando o procedimento homologatório para as decisões oriundas de Estados membros do Mercosul, considerando ainda as medidas provisórias, cautelares e tutela antecipada. Também, cria-se um conceito autônomo de local de execução, em que a competência é atribuída ao local de localização de bens, com o intuito de garantir a efetividade da tutela judicial. Adota-se, ainda, o critério de competência difusa entre os juízes de 1º grau, para apreciação da eficácia e execução das decisões judiciais e laudos arbitrais originários de Estados membros do Mercosul, de acordo com a organização judiciária de cada Estado membro requerido, afastando a competência concentrada em um único tribunal do Estado membro requerido. A criação de um órgão supranacional permanente também é proposta, com o objetivo de uniformizar a jurisprudência do bloco, demonstrando a necessidade de alteração das Constituições dos Estados membros do Mercosul. Na quarta parte, apresenta-se o protocolo criado para o Mercosul, como um instrumento jurídico que permite a livre circulação de decisões judiciais ou laudos arbitrais provenientes de seus Estados membros.
Procedural Protection of the Right to Enforcement of Judgments in Spaces Economically and Socially Integrated: a Look Mercosul to the European Union. The purpose of this study is to analyze the procedural protection of the law in economically and socially integrated spaces, as regards the recognition and enforcement of judgments and arbitration awards rendered in a member state, with the purpose of ensuring the effectiveness of these decisions in another member state of an economic block. As in economic integration processes where means are created to guarantee the free movement of people, goods, services and capital, it is also possible to move forward in the process of legal integration, allowing the free circulation of judicial decisions and arbitration awards by other member states that are members of an economic block, considering that a valid legal situation created in one member state should have the same effects in the other members of the block. The study focuses on the process of legal integration, which must accompany the evolution of the process of economic integration, in the economically and socially integrated spaces, through the use of procedural law for the effectiveness of judicial protection. The free circulation of judgments and arbitration awards from member states in the framework of Mercosur must be made possible by equating national decisions and those of another Member State by creating a normative instrument to be established by the member states of the bloc. The work is divided into four parts, considering its intention to seek parameters for the development of a protocol, as a contribution to Mercosur, to deepen its legal integration process. In the first part, we discuss economic and socially integrated spaces, presenting the historical evolution of the integration process of the European Union, adopted as a paradigm for the development of the work, as well as the trajectory covered by Mercosur. The objective is to demonstrate the differences existing in the integration models adopted in the two blocs: intergovernability in Mercosur and supranationality in the European Union. In the second part, we analyze the acts covered by transnational legal protection, discussing international civil proceedings and centralizing various forms of legal cooperation, through the use of letters rogatory, direct assistance, request for information of foreign law, recognition and homologation of foreign judgments. Also, the legal instruments existing in the European Union and Mercosur are pointed out, in order to diagnose the normative framework existing in the two blocks. This study allows to find parameters for the development of the proposal of this work, especially with respect to the harmonization of the internal rules, aiming to reduce the differences in the treatment of national laws for the recognition and enforcement of judgments and arbitration awards from Mercosul. The third part demonstrates the need to replace the current model of recognition and enforcement of judgments and arbitration awards within Mercosur, and presents the structure of the protocol proposed in this work, which makes possible the automatic recognition and execution of the original decisions of member states of this bloc, abolishing the exequatur and exempting the homologation procedure for the decisions coming from Mercosur member states, considering also the provisional measures, precautionary measures and early protection. Also, an autonomous concept of place of execution is created, in which competence is attributed to the location of goods, with the purpose of guaranteeing the effectiveness of judicial protection.
Books on the topic "Judgments, Foreign – Europe"
1
Christian, Schulze. On jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of foreign money judgments. Pretoria, [South Africa]: University of South Africa Press, 2005.
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Marmisse, Anne. La libre circulation des décisions de justice en Europe. Limoges: PULIM, 2000.
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Gaudemet-Tallon, Hélène. Les conventions de Bruxelles et de Lugano: Compétence internationale, reconnaissance et exécution des jugements en Europe. 2nd ed. Paris: Montchrestien, 1996.
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Gaudemet-Tallon, Hélène. Les Conventions de Bruxelles et de Lugano: Compétence internationale, reconnaissance et exécution des jugements en Europe. Paris: Libr. générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1993.
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Europäisches Zivilprozessrecht und Demokratieprinzip: Internationale Zuständigkeit und gegenseitige Anerkennung im Gerichtssystem der Europäischen Union und der USA. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009.
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Ouwerkerk, Jannemieke. Quid pro quo?: A comparative law perspective on the mutual recognition of judicial decisions in criminal matters. Cambridge: Intersentia, 2011.
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Gaudemet-Tallon, Hélène. Compétence et exécution des jugements en Europe: Règlement no 44/2001, conventions de Bruxelles et de Lugano. 3rd ed. Paris: L.G.D.J., 2002.
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Arnaud, Nuyts, Watté Nadine, and European Commission Project on Civil Judicial Cooperation with Third States., eds. International civil litigation in Europe and relations with third states. Brussel: Bruylant, 2005.
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Buhr, Axel. Europäischer Justizraum und revidiertes Lugano-Übereinkommen: Zum räumlich-persönlichen Anwendungsbereich des europäischen Rechts über die internationale Zuständigkeit in Zivil- und Handelssachen. Bern: Stämpfli, 2010.
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Europäischer Justizraum und revidiertes Lugano-Übereinkommen: Zum räumlich-persönlichen Anwendungsbereich des europäischen Rechts über die internationale Zuständigkeit in Zivil- und Handelssachen. Bern: Stämpfli, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Judgments, Foreign – Europe"
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Kiestra, Louwrens Rienk. "The Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments: The Obligation to Recognize and Enforce Foreign Judgments." In The Impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on Private International Law, 199–245. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-032-9_7.
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Malachta, Radovan. "Mutual Trust as a Way to an Unconditional Automatic Recognition of Foreign Judgments." In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 211–41. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-11.
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The article covers a topic of an unconditional automatic recognition of foreign judgments within the European Union. Thus far, a different method in case of foreign judgments has been used. Certain regulations of the EU require exequatur and contain grounds for refusal of recognition and in certain regulations both the exequatur and grounds for refusal of recognition have been abolished. First, the paper deals with the principle of mutual trust (what mutual trust is and in what to trust). Subsequently, the article points out the differences between the principle of mutual trust and the principle of mutual recognition. Finally, it discusses the notion of automatic recognition in the context of free movement of judgments within the EU.
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Slašťan, Miroslav. "Recent Developments in European Private International Law under Case Law of the Court of Justice." In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 315–35. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-14.
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Within the context of the subject of the Private International Law Section, the contribution identifies selected recent judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which indicate further developments in this area of law. The contribution will focus on the provisions for determining international jurisdiction as well as the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions.
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Kiestra, Louwrens Rienk. "The Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments: The Invocation of the ECHR Against Recognition and Enforcement." In The Impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on Private International Law, 247–87. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-032-9_8.
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Krieger, Heike. "Sentenza 238/2014: A Good Case for Law-Reform?" In Remedies against Immunity?, 71–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_4.
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AbstractSentenza 238/2014 is an important judgment which does not only concern the concrete case at hand but also pushes for a change in the law of state immunity. However, such attempts at law-making by national courts may not always attain their goal but may exert adverse effects which are harmful for the international legal order. Sentenza 238/2014 may have an impact on three different yet related issues central to the future development of international law: the relationship between international and national law, exceptions to immunities, and individual reparations in cases of mass atrocities.This chapter criticises law-making through non-compliance with international judicial decisions by national courts. Judges in democratic states under the rule of law who try to push for law-reform, by initiating non-compliance with decisions of international courts, should be aware that they may act in the company, and thereby in support of, courts in regimes with autocratic tendencies, such as the Russian Constitutional Court, which refuses to comply with judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. Furthermore, the chapter argues that immunity from jurisdiction and immunity from execution should be kept distinct and that human rights exceptions should not be applied to immunity from execution. Such a differentiation remains justified because measures of constraint against property used for government non-commercial purposes intrude even further onto sovereign rights than the institution of proceedings before courts in the forum state. It is particularly difficult for states to protect assets and other property situated in a foreign state. These assets may therefore be more susceptible to abusive enforcement measures while simultaneously forming an essential basis for the actual conduct of international relations.The chapter concludes by advocating a cautious approach to individual reparations in cases of mass atrocities. This more cautious approach observes the complexities of ending armed conflicts and negotiating peace deals. An individual right to monetary compensation based on civil claims processes does not allow for taking into account broader political considerations related to establishing a stable post-war order. Such a right is conducive to bilateral settlements between the state parties concerned, which might create new injustices towards other groups of victims. It might also overburden negotiations for a settlement to an ongoing armed conflict.The chapter thereby starts from the assumption that the stability of the international legal order itself as guaranteed by concepts such as immunities or the respect for its judicial organs serves to protect human rights, albeit indirectly.
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Efrat, Asif. "Judgments, Jurisdiction, and Juries." In Intolerant Justice, 171—C7.N166. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197658895.003.0007.
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Abstract This chapter explains why the courts of Continental Europe often refuse to enforce American judgments. The unwelcoming attitude toward U.S. judgments stems from the European view of American civil justice as marred by significant unfairness. The analysis focuses on three expressions of perceived unfairness in U.S. law: punitive damages, pretrial discovery, and personal jurisdiction. Punitive damages offend the separation between the private law of torts and criminal law in Europe’s civil-law systems. Discovery reflects a mistrust of authority and a belief in litigant activism—in contrast to the more bureaucratic legal model of the civil law. Their quest for clarity, certainty, and predictability leads Europeans to reject the American notion of personal jurisdiction, which builds on broad, open-ended terms. The chapter concludes with the efforts to establish a global convention on the enforcement of foreign judgments.
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Angelika, Nussberger. "5 Judgments and Efficacy." In The European Court of Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198849643.003.0005.
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This chapter evaluates the efficacy of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). On the one hand, the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) system has had an amazing success in building up a constitutional order in Europe defining common values. Significant changes in the laws of all Member States were made; individual human rights violations were effectively remedied. On the other hand, Europe is far from being a human rights paradise. Even an average observer of daily news cannot avoid having the impression that in some States even the most basic human rights are not effectively guaranteed and that some so-called ‘democracies’ hide their disdain for individual rights behind lip services and promises to abide by the Convention, but in reality use membership in the Council of Europe only as a tool in foreign relations. The chapter then identifies the roles played by the Committee of Ministers, NGOs, and the Court in executing judgments on human rights violations. Article 46 para 1 ECHR obliges the parties to abide by the final judgment of the Court in any case to which they are parties. In line with the general rules of State responsibility, the Court interprets the obligations arising out of Convention violations as threefold: ‘to cease the breach, to make reparation for it and ensure non-repetition of similar violations in the future’.
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Briggs, Adrian. "Foreign Judgments." In The Conflict of Laws, 126–71. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838500.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the items of private international law of foreign judgments covered in part by a number of European regulations and other instruments prior to Exit Day. These are the Brussels I Regulation 44/2001 and the recast Brussels I Regulation 1215/2012; the 1988 Lugano Convention and the 2007 Lugano II Convention; the 1968 Brussels Convention as amended from time to time; and a number of minor Regulations such as the European Enforcement Order Regulation 805/2004. According to the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019 No 479, on Exit Day these instruments are revoked or, in the case of the Conventions given effect by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982, as amended, repealed. The gap will be filled by the rules of the common law, or by the provisions of a bilateral Convention made under the Foreign Judgements (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 (or in the case of Cyprus and Malta, presumably by registration under the Administration of Justice Act 1920).
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Thomas Kadner, Graziano, and Meyle Hannes. "Part 2 National and Regional Reports, Part 2.4 Europe: Coordinated by Thomas Kadner Graziano, 48 Switzerland: Swiss Perspectives on the Hague Principles." In Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198840107.003.0048.
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This chapter describes Swiss perspectives on the Hague Principles. Switzerland is a Contracting State to the Hague Convention of 15 June 1955 on the Law Applicable to International Sale of Goods. For contracts other than commercial sales, the applicable law is determined by the Swiss Federal Act on Private International Law (PILA). It covers jurisdiction, international civil procedure, applicable law, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The Swiss PILA therefore constitutes an all-inclusive, comprehensive codification of private international law. For many issues, the rules contained with the PILA are already in conformity with those in the Hague Principles. Where the Hague Principles cover issues that have not yet been explicitly addressed by the PILA, such as choice of non-State rules in Article 3 of the Hague Principles, or conflicting choice of law clauses in standard forms in Article 6(1)(b) of the Hague Principles, the legislator may very well take the Hague Principles into consideration when amending the PILA. In fact, the Swiss legislator regularly takes inspiration from international and foreign law when amending the law or covering new issues.
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Sheth, Falguni A. "Introduction." In Unruly Women, 1–13. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197547137.003.0001.
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This chapter gives an overview of how “visibly” Muslim women are treated and regulated in the United States by exploring the racial-cultural aesthetics of power through the ontopolitics and technologies of race such as court opinions, anti-discrimination, and judicial procedures. Women’s bodies are always read and judged, but in the case of dark, foreign, or marginalized women, these judgments are made in light of a prior history of colonialism and globalism. On this understanding, the sartorial aesthetic that reflects the cultural hegemony of Europe or the United States demarcates and highlights the backwardness of the sartorial aesthetic of Muslim women, through an enduring culture of neocolonialism and liberatory liberal discourse.
Conference papers on the topic "Judgments, Foreign – Europe"
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Rumenov, Ilija. "IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW 2019 HAGUE CONVENTION ON RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS ON THE NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS OF COUNTRIES IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE." In EU AND MEMBER STATES – LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/9008.
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Valdhans, Jiři, and Tereza Kyselovská. "Selected Issues of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments from the Prespective of EU Member." In 24th Conference Corporate Entities at the Market and European Dimensions. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-004-2.12.
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Malachta, Radovan. "Mutual Trust between the Member States of the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit:." In COFOLA INTERNATIONAL 2020. Brexit and its Consequences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9801-2020-2.
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The paper follows up on the arguments introduced in the author’s article Mutual Trust as a Way to an Unconditional Automatic Recognition of Foreign Judgments. This paper, titled Mutual Trust between the Member States of the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit: Overview discusses, whether there has been a loss of mutual trust between the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit. The UK, similarly to EU Member States, has been entrusted with the area of recognition and enforcement of judgements thus far. Should the Member States decrease the level of mutual trust in relation to the UK only because the UK ceased to be part of the EU after 47 years? Practically overnight, more precisely, the day after the transitional period, should the Member States trust the UK less in the light of legislative changes? The article also outlines general possibilities that the UK has regarding which international convention it may accede to. Instead of going into depth, the article presents a basic overview. However, this does not prevent the article to answer, in addition to the questions asked above, how a choice of access to an international convention could affect the level of mutual trust between the UK and EU Member States.