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Journal articles on the topic 'Judgment for recognition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Zachariasiewicz, Maciej. "Klauzula porządku publicznego a uznawanie zagranicznych orzeczeń, których przedmiotem jest uznanie wyroku lub stwierdzenie jego wykonalności." Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego 24 (June 30, 2019): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pppm.2019.24.02.

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The paper is devoted to the admissibility of recognition and enforcement of a judgment of a foreign court, the subject matter of which is recognition or declaration of enforcement of a judgment from yet another state (judgment on judgment). The issue is discussed in particular with reference to the public policy exception which constitutes a ground for refusal of recognition or enforcement of foreign judgments, both under Polish domestic law (the Code of civil procedure) and European law (Brussels I bis Regulation). It remains controversial whether the judgments on judgments should be recognized, thus benefiting from the so called “parallel entitlement”. The article takes a comparative approach, examining solutions adopted by various legal systems and analysing arguments for and against recognition of such decisions. The author takes the position that they should not be recognized (and that their enforceability should not be declared) in Poland, both under the Code of civil procedure (as with respect to judgments originating from non-EU states), as well as under EU legislation, in particular Brussels I bis Regulation. It is advocated that the concept of a “parallel entitlement” should be rejected.

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WESTPHAL, KENNETH R. "Rational Justification and Mutual Recognition in Substantive Domains." Dialogue 53, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 57–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217313000796.

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This paper argues that individual rational judgment, of the kind required for rational justification in empirical knowledge or morals, is in fundamental part socially and historically based, although this is consistent with realism about the objects of empirical knowledge and with strict objectivity about basic moral principles. To judge fully rationally that one judges, and thus to justify one’s judgment rationally, requires recognizing one’s inherent fallibility and hence our mutual interdependence for assessing our own and each others’ judgments and their justification. This provides a pragmatic account of rational justification which dispatches the distinction between “rational” and “historical” knowledge.

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3

Cheng, Tan Lee. "Jie Huang: Interregional Recognition and Enforcement of Civil and Commercial Judgments, Oxford and Portland, OR: Hart Publishing, 2014, 352 pp. Hardcover £65/€84.50." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 9 (January 1, 2014): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2194607800001046.

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AbstractReview of “Interregional Recognition and Enforcement of Civil and Commercial Judgments” by Professor Jie Huang (Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2014) which analyses the status quo of judgment recognition and enforcement in the Mainland China, Macao and Hong Kong under the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ regime. The book also presents a comparative study of the interregional recognition and enforcement of judgments in the US and EU.

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Zhang, Yi, Xiao Song Li, and Yang Song. "A Recognition Judgment Method of Isolated-Word Speech-Recognition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2337.

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Isolated-word speech-recognition system adopted the shortest distance of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to make recognition judgment, which has the disadvantage of high False Accept Rate (FAR), poor anti-noise and robustness. This paper proposes a new method based on DTW distance Threshold Estimation for recognition judgment. This method processes the maximum distance between template speech and training input speech multiplying adjusting coefficient, then plus noise DTW distance, which regard the final result as distance Threshold Estimation. At the time of doing speech recognition, if the distance between testing speech and template speech exceeds the Threshold Estimation, then the system will not recognize this speech. The experiment shows that this method can greatly improve the anti-noise and robustness performance of the Isolated-word speech-recognition system and solve the problem of high FAR.

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Touron, Dayna R., Christopher Hertzog, and James Z. Speagle. "Subjective Learning Discounts Test Type." Experimental Psychology 57, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000039.

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We evaluated the extent to which memory test format and test transfer influence the dynamics of metacognitive judgments. Participants completed two study-test phases for paired-associates, with or without transferring test type, in one of four conditions: (1) recognition then recall, (2) recall then recognition, (3) recognition throughout, or (4) recall throughout. Global judgments were made prestudy, poststudy, and posttest for each phase; judgments of learning (JOLs) following item study were also collected. Results suggest that metacognitive judgment accuracy varies substantially by memory test type. Whereas underconfidence in JOLs and global predictions increases with recall practice (Koriat’s underconfidence-with-practice effect), underconfidence decreases with recognition practice. Moreover, performance changes when transferring test type were not fully anticipated by pretest judgments.

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6

Mill, Ravi D., Akira R. O’Connor, and Ian G. Dobbins. "Pupil dilation during recognition memory: Isolating unexpected recognition from judgment uncertainty." Cognition 154 (September 2016): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.05.018.

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7

Preis, Anna, Honorata Hafke, and Tomasz Kaczmarek. "Influence of sound source recognition on annoyance judgment." Noise Control Engineering Journal 56, no. 4 (2008): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.2949893.

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8

Inomata, Kentaro, and Yukimasa Nomura. "The effect of holding camera on recognition judgment." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (September 10, 2014): 3PM—1–078–3PM—1–078. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_3pm-1-078.

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9

Takahashi, Akira. "Reaction time for new items in recognition judgment." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (September 10, 2014): 2PM—1–095–2PM—1–095. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_2pm-1-095.

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10

Conrod, Joan Davison, and Judy Cumby. "On-Line Gaming, Financial Reporting, and Audit: Chester Games Corp." Issues in Accounting Education 31, no. 4 (July 1, 2015): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-51221.

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ABSTRACT This case examines selected financial reporting and audit issues in the context of the on-line gaming industry. Key issues are revenue recognition and asset impairment under IFRS. Revenue trends are critical for the company as it considers a public offering. The estimates inherent in recognizing revenue for virtual goods, both consumable goods and durable goods, make revenue recognition and audit of revenue especially judgmental. IAS 18 or IFRS 15 may be used as a framework to discuss revenue recognition. Judgment is also required to support impairment testing of an intangible asset and goodwill.

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11

Westphal, Kenneth R. "Mutual Recognition and Rational Justification in Hegel’sPhenomenology of Spirit." Dialogue 48, no. 4 (December 2009): 753–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217309990412.

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ABSTRACT: Individual rational judgment, of the kind required for justification in cognition or morals, is fundamentally socially and historically conditioned. I argue for this by defending key themes from Kant’s and Hegel’s accounts of rational judgment and justification, including the “autonomy” of rational judgment and one key point of Hegel’s account of “mutual recognition.” These themes are rooted in Kant’s and Hegel’s transformation of the modern natural law tradition, which originates the properly pragmatic account of rationality, which affords genuine rational justification, and which provides for realism about the objects of empirical knowledge and strict objectivity about moral norms.

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12

Barnett, Peter. "The Prevention of Abusive Cross-Border Re-Litigation." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 4 (October 2002): 943–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.4.943.

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The title for this paper poses a deceptively simple question, and it is this: How do we utilise an earlier obtained judgment from country X to prevent abusive re-litigation in country Y? To this question the answer might appear obvious: one reaches for the doctrine of res judicata, that arcane yet fundamental body of law which provides that an earlier judgment is conclusive in a second suit involving the same subject-matter and same legal bases. However, while the doctrine of res judicata is well understood in the domestic setting, it is not entirely obvious how the doctrine applies to foreign judgments to prevent abusive re-litigation before the English courts. Nor is it obvious how the various judgment recognition regimes—in particular the regime established by the Brussels Regulation1—pre-ordain the preclusive effects to which a foreign judgment can give rise if relied upon to prevent abusive cross-border re-litigation.

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Ge, Ying, Xiaofang Zhong, and Wenbo Luo. "Recognition of Facial Expressions by Urban Internet-Addicted Left-Behind Children in China." Psychological Reports 120, no. 3 (March 16, 2017): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294117697083.

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Internet addition affects facial expression recognition of individuals. However, evidences of facial expression recognition from different types of addicts are insufficient. The present study addressed the question by adopting eye-movement analytical method and focusing on the difference in facial expression recognition between internet-addicted and non-internet-addicted urban left-behind children in China. Sixty 14-year-old Chinese participants performed tasks requiring absolute recognition judgment and relative recognition judgment. The results show that the information processing mode adopted by the internet-addicted involved earlier gaze acceleration, longer fixation durations, lower fixation counts, and uniform extraction of pictorial information. The information processing mode of the non-addicted showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, recognition and processing of negative emotion pictures were relatively complex, and it was especially difficult for urban internet-addicted left-behind children to process negative emotion pictures in fine judgment and processing stage of recognition on differences as demonstrated by longer fixation duration and inadequate fixation counts.

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14

Kantaria, Saloni. "The Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in the uae and difc Courts." Arab Law Quarterly 28, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341279.

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A party seeking to enforce a foreign judgment in the uae can do so through the uae local courts or the difc courts. However, each court applies different considerations in determining whether to recognise and enforce foreign judgments from countries with which the uae has no treaty. Since there are not many countries with which the uae has a bilateral or multilateral treaty, careful consideration should be given when selecting the country whose courts will have jurisdiction over any dispute as this may have a bearing on the recognition and enforcement of any judgment in the uae. This article will assist in these considerations.

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15

Fassberg, Celia Wasserstein. "Rule and Reason in the Common Law of Foreign Judgments." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 12, no. 2 (July 1999): 193–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900002228.

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Two tenets are central to the Common Law rules for enforcement and recognition of foreign judgments. The first is that, subject to public policy, the enforcing court does not review the substance of the decision; in other words, mistake is no defence. The second is that, apart from ensuring that the judgment was not obtained by fraud or through a breach of the requirements of natural justice, the prime consideration for enforcement is whether the foreign court was competent to issue the judgment; in other words, whether it had jurisdiction.These two tenets are eminently reasonable. A foreign judgment is after all both a judgment—like a local judgment, and foreign—like a right acquired under a foreign law. The validity of local judgments and of foreign unadjudicated rights depends on jurisdiction: local judgments depend on adjudicatory jurisdiction (often defined in the rules of service); foreign rights—on legislative or prescriptive jurisdiction (the jurisdiction of a system to regulate the situation substantively, as defined in choice-of-law rules). It thus seems appropriate to require jurisdiction of foreign judgments too. Local judgments, once final, are never subject to review, and can be attacked on the grounds that they were obtained by fraud only exceptionally. Rights acquired under a foreign law cannot be refused enforcement because of their substance and are subject only to the public policy exception. It thus seems appropriate to immunise foreign judgments from substantive review too. Foreign judgments—adjudicated rights—are of course different from foreign unadjudicated rights in that they are the product of a process. So, as in the case of local judgments, it should nonetheless be possible, in limited circumstances, to examine whether the process was tainted by fraud. So too, they differ from local judgments in that the process from which they emerge is not a local one; it cannot be relied upon in the same way as locally controlled and institutionalised procedures. It thus seems reasonable that, while prevented from reviewing the substance of a foreign decision, the court should be permitted to require of it a minimal level of procedural justice.

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Kenny, David. "RE FLIGHTLEASE: THE ‘REAL AND SUBSTANTIAL CONNECTION’ TEST FOR RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS FAILS TO TAKE FLIGHT IN IRELAND." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 63, no. 1 (January 2014): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000481.

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AbstractThe common law rules for recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments were radically reformulated by the Canadian Supreme Court in Beals v Saldanha. Few other common law jurisdictions have considered whether or not to follow Canada in this development in private International Law. In 2012, the Irish Supreme Court definitively rejected the Canadian approach. This note examines the judgment in that case, and assesses the reasoning of the Irish Court.

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17

Takahashi, Akira. "Reaction Times for Recognition Judgment and Confidence Ratings (3)." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 3EV—127–3EV—127. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_3ev-127.

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18

Toomey, Rosemary, and David Schuldberg. "Recognition and judgment of facial stimuli in schizotypal subjects." Journal of Communication Disorders 28, no. 3 (September 1995): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9924(94)00008-n.

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19

Rougé-Maillart, C. I., N. Guillaume, N. Jousset, and M. Penneau. "Recognition by French courts of compensation for post-vaccination multiple sclerosis: the consequences with regard to expert practice." Medicine, Science and the Law 47, no. 3 (July 2007): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.47.3.185.

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Over the past few years, despite scientific uncertainties, French courts have awarded compensation to sufferers of multiple sclerosis (MS) which occurred following vaccination against hepatitis B. These legal decisions have aroused fierce criticism in the medical world. Both a judgment given on 25 May 2004 by the Court of Cassation and a new publication in the journal Neurology have encouraged us to look once more at this controversial issue. French judges began compensating patients with MS at the end of the 1990s. One of the first judgments was given in 2001 by the Court of Appeal of Versailles when a pharmaceutical laboratory was held liable for the onset of MS following vaccination against hepatitis B. On appeal, the Court of Cassation overturned the judgment in September 2003, finding that the Court of Appeal judges had based their decision on a hypothetical causal link. However, the only reason why the Court of Appeal judgment was quashed was the contradictory evidence on which the judges had based their presumptions. Several of the judgments given since that date seem to confirm this hypothesis. On 25 May 2004, the 2nd civil law chamber recognized that MS which occurs following a vaccination against hepatitis B (a vaccination carried out for work-related purposes) could be considered as an accident at work, without questioning the possible causal link between the illness and the vaccine. This jurisprudence in the matter of hepatitis B vaccination shows the need for great care in expert practice. Effectively, when confronted with drug related imputability, the expert usually bases his reasoning on three points: the causal role of the generating factor, the chronology and other causes of damage. In terms of MS, all these factors are modified. More than ever, an expert must, in terms of imputability, be objective, prudent and clear in his conclusions.

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20

Hintzman, Douglas L., Tim Curran, and David A. Caulton. "Scaling the Episodic Familiarities of Pictures and Words." Psychological Science 6, no. 5 (September 1995): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00516.x.

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Most current memory theories assume that judgments of past occurrence are based on a unidimensional familiarity signal In a test of this hypothesis, subjects studied mixed lists of pictures and words that occurred up to three times each They then were given two tests a forced-choice frequency discrimination test including all pairs of conditions (e g, picture seen twice vs word never seen) and a numerical frequency judgment test on individual items Forced-choice proportions for all pairings (picture-picture, word-word, and picture-word) were well fit by a one-dimensional scaling solution, suggesting a common basis of recognition and frequency judgments for both pictures and words Both forced-choice and numerical judgment data indicated that familiarities of pictures started lower than those of words but increased more rapidly with repetition Results are discussed in connection with the distinction between familiarity and recall, and the possible role of rescaling in the mirror effect

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21

Li, Jing, Jean-Bernard Martens, and Jarke J. van Wijk. "Judging Correlation from Scatterplots and Parallel Coordinate Plots." Information Visualization 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ivs.2008.13.

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Scatterplots and parallel coordinate plots (PCPs) that can both be used to assess correlation visually. In this paper, we compare these two visualization methods in a controlled user experiment. More specifically, 25 participants were asked to report observed correlation as a function of the sample correlation under varying conditions of visualization method, sample size and observation time. A statistical model is proposed to describe the correlation judgment process. The accuracy and the bias in the judgments in different conditions are established by interpreting the parameters in this model. A discriminability index is proposed to characterize the performance accuracy in each experimental condition. Moreover, a statistical test is applied to derive whether or not the human sensation scale differs from a theoretically optimal (that is, unbiased) judgment scale. Based on these analyses, we conclude that users can reliably distinguish twice as many different correlation levels when using scatterplots as when using PCPs. We also find that there is a bias towards reporting negative correlations when using PCPs. Therefore, we conclude that scatterplots are more effective than parallel plots in supporting visual correlation analysis.

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Hintzman, Douglas L. "Judgment of frequency versus recognition confidence: Repetition and recursive reminding." Memory & Cognition 32, no. 2 (March 2004): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196863.

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Takahashi, Akira. "Independence of old and new item processing in recognition judgment." Japanese journal of psychology 88, no. 1 (2017): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.88.15061.

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Yang, Xiaohua, Xiaofei Zhu, and Xiaowei Zhu. "Temperament Accuracy Judgment and Intelligent Processing Based on Voiceprint Recognition." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 14, no. 2A (June 2, 2016): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v14i2a.4378.

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YAMANE, Takashi, and Yohei OKIBAYASHI. "Effect of meta-memorial judgment for recognition of Japanese nouns." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (2011): 3PM100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_3pm100.

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TSUJIMOTO, Shunsuke, Yasuhiro SHIBANO, Masatsugu IRIBE, Kenichi TOKUDA, and Akiko SAITO. "Raspberry Fruit Recognition and Deep Harvest Judgment by Deep Learning." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2020 (2020): 1P1—A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2020.1p1-a01.

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Fujimura, Tomoko, Yasunari Yoshitomi, Taro Asada, and Masayoshi Tabuse. "Facial expression recognition of a speaker using front-view face judgment, vowel judgment, and thermal image processing." Artificial Life and Robotics 16, no. 3 (December 2011): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10015-011-0967-z.

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Ricchiute, David N. "Effects of Judgment on Memory: Experiments in Recognition Bias and Process Dissociation in a Professional Judgment Task." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 70, no. 1 (April 1997): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1997.2691.

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Meehl, Paul E. "Psychology of the Scientist: LXXVIII. Relevance of a Scientist's Ideology in Communal Recognition of Scientific Merit." Psychological Reports 83, no. 3_suppl (December 1998): 1123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3f.1123.

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A scientist's work product can usually be rationally appraised apart from ideology. “Bad science” includes formal and material fallacies and poor data; nonoptimal judgment calls and theorizing refuted by later knowledge do not count. In bestowing encomiums, a scientific organization with multiple goals may consider—with caution and wide tolerance—social impact where ideological applications abhorrent to most members or unethical conduct qua scientist become relevant. Members valuing only scientific merit may either effect policy change within the organization or join another. A scientist who extrapolates scientific theory to make social policy judgments should emphasize the limitations of technical expertise in these matters.

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Cai, Zhao Quan, Wei Luo, Zhong Nan Ren, and Han Huang. "Color Recognition of Video Object Based on HSV Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.721.

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In the presented paper, we proposed a common color model and designed the color judgment method, which is based on the HSV model. This method will translate the RGB values of the points in video images to HSV values, and use HSV values to recognize the color. After that, software of real-time video object recognition was developed based on color features, which is also based on their search of target color identification. Besides, the system is developed by VC based on OpenCV, which has achieved the goal of real-time video motion detection and object color recognition. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the algorithm is accurate and similar to human recognition of the moving objects in videos view, which demonstrates the good performance of the target identification and color judgment.

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MacMillan, Jean, Eileen B. Entin, and Daniel Serfaty. "Operator Reliance on Automated Support for Target Recognition." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 19 (October 1994): 1285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801908.

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In machine-aided target recognition, human operators work with an automatic target recognition (ATR) system to locate targets in cluttered and degraded imagery. The operator must integrate his or her own visual judgment concerning whether a target is present in the image with the ATR's judgment, which is typically expressed numerically. We conducted a series of experiments in which subjects attempted to locate target shapes among non-targets based only on visual images and based on both visual images and supplementary numeric information such as an ATR might provide. Image quality was controlled as an independent variable through the use of distortion rates that randomly altered pixel values to degrade the image. We found that subjects maintained a constant false alarm rate as image distortion increased, at the expense of a lower hit rate. This result was found consistently in experiments where the subjects' task was to distinguish single targets from a blank background, to distinguish single targets from single non-targets, and to locate multiple targets in a multiple-object display. We also found a bias toward over reliance on image versus numeric information. As image distortion increased, subjects failed to make optimal use of supplementary numeric information and showed an unnecessary decrease in performance. The results suggest that operators may experience difficulty in working with an ATR that has a high false alarm rate, even if the ATR's hit rate is also high, and that numeric expressions of ATR judgment may be undervalued by operators in locating targets.

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Kim, Hyoungnyoun, and Ji-Hyung Park. "Hypergraph-Based Recognition Memory Model for Lifelong Experience." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/354703.

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Cognitive agents are expected to interact with and adapt to a nonstationary dynamic environment. As an initial process of decision making in a real-world agent interaction, familiarity judgment leads the following processes for intelligence. Familiarity judgment includes knowing previously encoded data as well as completing original patterns from partial information, which are fundamental functions of recognition memory. Although previous computational memory models have attempted to reflect human behavioral properties on the recognition memory, they have been focused on static conditions without considering temporal changes in terms of lifelong learning. To provide temporal adaptability to an agent, in this paper, we suggest a computational model for recognition memory that enables lifelong learning. The proposed model is based on a hypergraph structure, and thus it allows a high-order relationship between contextual nodes and enables incremental learning. Through a simulated experiment, we investigate the optimal conditions of the memory model and validate the consistency of memory performance for lifelong learning.

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Tang, Zheng Sophia. "EFFECTIVENESS OF EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION CLAUSES IN THE CHINESE COURTS—A PRAGMATIC STUDY." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 61, no. 2 (April 2012): 459–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589312000097.

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AbstractChinese judicial practice demonstrates great diversity in enforcing exclusive jurisdiction clauses. In practice, the derogation effect of a valid foreign jurisdiction clause is frequently ignored by some Chinese courts. It may be argued that these Chinese courts fail to respect party autonomy and international comity. However, a close scrutiny shows that the effectiveness of an exclusive jurisdiction clause has close connections with the recognition and enforcement of judgments. If the judgment of the chosen court cannot be recognized and enforced in the request court by any means, the request court may take jurisdiction in breach of the jurisdiction clause in order to achieve justice. Chinese judicial practice demonstrates the inevitable influence of the narrow scope of the Chinese law in recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. It is submitted that the Chinese courts do not zealously guard Chinese jurisdiction, or deliberately ignore party autonomy and international comity. Instead, the Chinese courts have considered the possibility of enforcement of judgments and the goal of justice. Applying the prima facie unreasonable decision test is the best the courts can do in the specific context of the Chinese law. The status quo cannot be improved simply by reforming Chinese jurisdiction rules in choice of court agreements. A comprehensive improvement of civil procedure law in both jurisdiction rules and recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is needed.

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Tanveer, Usman, and Danish Ahmed Siddiqui. "How Consumers Justify Their Unethical Behavior: The Role of Moral Recognition Strategies (Moral Rationalization, and Decoupling), Complemented by Culture, on the Purchase of Counterfeits in Pakistan." International Journal of Industrial Marketing 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijim.v6i1.18312.

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Moral recognition, is defined as a person’s description of a condition as ethical dilemma. However, people will not always interpret situations as ethical problems in the same way with the same force under all circumstances. The literature suggests that when two conditions of acceptance of ethics (moral rationalization and decoupling) are met, people will define the situation as a ethical problem differently. In the moral system, people use it to turn immoral acts into less immoral acts. Therefore, it allows them to violate ethical standards while maintaining a certain standard of conduct such as buying counterfeit goods because of their low prices. Here, consumers are more likely to make a profit by rearranging their actions for less ethical, which means seeking appropriate ethical reasons (including ethical justification, non-professional language, beneficial comparisons, migration of responsibilities, distribution of responsibility, distortion of results, prosecution; (Bandura et al., 1996), to coordinate adjustments and conditions, and to reach a judgment. Moral decoupling is defined as a psychological process chosen to prevent misconduct, in which one separates the judgment of performance from judgments of morality (Bhattacharjee et al., 2013). When people use this strategy, they focus on social benefits (e.g., image, use of status, etc.) as well as economic benefits (e.g., visual fashion content, physical appearance, performance, scarcity, etc. Chen et. al. (2018) linked these two strategies in an empirical assessment to explore the effect of dimensions of moral recognition (moral rationalization and moral decoupling) on counterfeit purchases mediated by moral judgment and perceived benefits respectively. We modified the Chen model with the complementary effect of materialistic culture in this relationship. We argue that moral recognition firstly affects counterfeit purchase (CP) through Moral rationalization, and then through moral judgment in a two-step mediation. Secondly, through moral decoupling and further through perceived benefits. Thirdly, directly affecting CP complemented by materialistic culture as a moderator. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey employing a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 230 consumers and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results suggested that moral recognition seems to limit purchase intention (PI) directly. Similarly, it neutralizes to Moral Rationalization (MR), and Decoupling (MD) behaviors. Moreover, MR tends to positively affect PI both directly, and well as indirectly through moral judgment (MJ). Similarly, MD also has a direct and positive effect on PI, as well as perceived benefits (PB), however, PB and PI relationship was not substantiated. Hence, MR seems to negatively affect PI through MD, as well as through MR and MJ as a first and second-order mediator. Lastly, materialism seems to promote the counterfeit purchase, at the same time positively complement the effect of MR on PI, in a way that MR would have a more pronounced effect on PI in case of the higher materialistic consumer.

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Delaume, Georges R. "National Union Fire Insurance Co. of Pittsburgh v. People’s Republic of the Congo." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 1 (January 1991): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203572.

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This appears to be the first decision dealing with the recognition in the United States of a foreign judgment rendered against the government of a third country. At issue was the recognition of a default judgment rendered by the English High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, against the People’s Republic of the Congo (Congo). The facts leading to the English judgment were as follows. In 1984 the Congo issued to an English bank a promissory note in the amount of over $26 million corresponding to a Credit Facility Agreement (Credit Agreement) with the bank. At the same time, the National Union Fire Insurance Co. of Pittsburgh (NUFI) became the insurer of the Congo’s obligations under the note. When the Congo failed to make payment, NUFI paid in its stead and became subrogated to the rights of the lender.

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Goering, Sara. ""Mental Illness" and Justice as Recognition." Philosophy & Public Policy Quarterly 29, no. 1/2 (April 1, 2009): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13021/g8pppq.292009.111.

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Disability scholars have argued that the disadvantage of disability is caused primarily by social factors and calls out for social change as a matter of justice. But what about psychiatric disability? While noting several factors that make psychiatric disability a special casethe mentally ill individuals unreliability of judgment and instability of functioningSara Goering argues that much is gained by viewing mental illness through the lens of social oppression and workingtoward recognition of individuals with mental illness as equal members of the human community

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37

Grossman, Amanda M., and Robert B. Welker. "Does the Arrangement of Audit Evidence According to Causal Connections Make Auditors More Susceptible to Memory Conjunction Errors?" Behavioral Research in Accounting 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2011): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-10063.

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ABSTRACT Although prior research has shown that arranging working paper evidence according to causality can improve auditor judgment, the present study proposes that causal arrangements may elicit certain ill-effects on auditor memory and thus undermine auditor judgment. Specifically, causal arrangements of evidence may heighten auditors' vulnerability to memory conjunction errors (MCEs), wherein auditors misattribute one client's evidence to another client. In an experiment, auditors provided going concern judgments for two companies, whose evidence was causally, traditionally, or randomly arranged. Their recognition accuracy of whether previously evaluated or new (conjunction) evidence items were included in original company evidence sets provided an indication of proneness to MCEs. The results indicate that auditors are more prone to MCEs when evidence is presented in a causal as opposed to either a traditional or random arrangement. Data Availability: Confidentiality agreements with participants, written with the assistance of the university's human subjects committee, prevent the sharing of data with others.

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Chen, Chien-Hsiung, and Xiao Li. "Spatial Knowledge Acquisition with Mobile Maps: Effects of Map Size on Users’ Wayfinding Performance with Interactive Interfaces." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110614.

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Restricted by the small screen size, it is challenging for users to obtain all the wayfinding content they need when utilizing mobile devices. This study investigated the effects of map size and interactive interface on users’ wayfinding performance and preference when using mobile devices. Two types of interactive interfaces (i.e., panning and peephole interfaces) and three different map sizes (i.e., small, medium, and large) were examined. The experiment was a 2 × 3 between-subjects design. Sixty participants were invited to complete five wayfinding tasks (i.e., Euclidean distance judgment, route distance judgment, landmark recognition, map section rotation, and route recognition), a system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire, and the subjective preference questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) The participants’ wayfinding performance was affected by the map size and interactive interface; (2) the peephole interface was superior for the Euclidean distance judgment and the route recognition tasks; (3) it does not always take a significantly longer time to complete the task with the larger map when performing the map section rotation task with the panning interface; and (4) the usability scores of the peephole interface were considered above average, and it had a positive impact on the participants’ preferences.

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Higham, Philip A., and John R. Vokey. "Judgment heuristics and recognition memory: Prime identification and target-processing fluency." Memory & Cognition 28, no. 4 (July 2000): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03201248.

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Jang, Euna, and Yoonhyoung Lee. "The Effect of Emotional Distracters on Target Emotion Judgment and Recognition." Korean Data Analysis Society 20, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 2091–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2018.20.4.2091.

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MIURA, Hiroshi, and Yuji ITOH. "Distortion of a recognition judgment caused by a finger moving task." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (September 15, 2011): 3AM104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_3am104.

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42

Wang, Xiu Chen, and Zhe Liu. "Pre-Judgment Model of Image Based on Gray Distribution Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.155.

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Aiming to the problem of low computing speed of existing model of fabric characteristic, this paper introduces pre-judgment to improve the speed of image analysis by fabric characteristic model, and constructs gray distribution wave model to quickly estimate image. First, image gray is taken. Then, horizontal and vertical gray distribution wave is established using superposition formula with little computation to further simply model and made the computation speed fast. Finally, from a number of experiments, this model has such features that image can be pre-estimated exactly and continue recognition algorithm can be instructed to leap over some normal regions. So analysis times of image are saved and on-line recognition efficiency of fabric defects is improved.

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Liu, Zhe, and Ke Jing Li. "Characteristic Analysis of Textile Materials Based on Pre-Judgment Mechanism." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.562.

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Aiming at existing some problems, such as large calculation, not extensive category of defect recognition, and not accuracy of recognition result, this paper reanalyzes characteristic construction’s proceed of moving image by human vision, and proposes a new ‘super-fuzzy’ characteristic model of fabric based on pre-judgment mechanism. In this model, ‘super-fuzzy’ factor is introduced, and pre-judgment mechanism on coarseness set is constructed. So the characteristic can be modified with optimization according to actual condition of image. From experiments, results show that this characteristic model has such features as calculation is less, fabric images analysis is fast, fabric and defect category is extensive, pre-learning of mechanism doesn’t need, and better application is expected.

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Basu, Anamitra. "Does Judgment Feedback affect Visual-Field Superiority as a function of Stimulus Structure and Content?" International Journal of Psychological Studies 1, no. 2 (November 17, 2009): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v1n2p49.

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Visual-field advantage was envisaged as a function of presentation mode (unilateral, bilateral), stimulus structure (word, face), and stimulus content (emotional, neutral) in two conditions, with and without feedback of judgment. Split visual-field paradigm was taken into account with recognition accuracy and response latency as the dependent variables. Stimuli were significantly better recognized in left visual-field than in right visual-field. Unilaterally, rather than bilaterally, presented stimuli were significantly better recognized. Emotional content were intensely recognized than neutral content. Analysis using multivariate ANOVA suggested that words as well as faces were recognized better without judgment feedback condition as compared to with judgment feedback condition; however these stimuli were judged with significantly less response latency following judgment feedback.

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Kajkowska, Ewelina. "ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS IN ARBITRAL AWARDS: ENFORCEMENT IN EUROPE." Cambridge Law Journal 74, no. 3 (October 30, 2015): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197315000859.

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THE status of anti-suit injunctions in Europe has long given rise to controversy. The decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-536/13, Gazprom OAO [2015] All E.R. (EC) 711 sheds a new light on the relationship between anti-suit injunctions and the European jurisdiction regime embodied in the Brussels Regulation (Regulation No. 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters). In this much anticipated judgment, the Court of Justice confirmed that, by virtue of the arbitration exclusion in Article 1(2)(d) of the Brussels Regulation, Member State courts are not precluded from enforcing anti-suit injunctions issued by arbitration tribunals and aimed at restraining the proceedings before Member State courts. Although the decision was given before the Recast Brussels Regulation came into force (Regulation No. 1215/2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, effective from 10 January 2015), it can be assumed that the same conclusion would have been reached under the new law.

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BIRD, STEPHEN A., and JOHN N. WILLIAMS. "The effect of bimodal input on implicit and explicit memory: An investigation into the benefits of within-language subtitling." Applied Psycholinguistics 23, no. 4 (November 19, 2002): 509–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716402004022.

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Two experiments examined the effect of single-modality (sound or text) and bimodal (sound and text) presentation on word learning, as measured by both improvements in spoken word recognition efficiency (long lag repetition priming) and recognition memory. Native and advanced nonnative speakers of English were tested. In Experiment 1 auditory lexical decisions on familiar words were equally primed by prior bimodal and sound-only presentation, whereas there were no priming effects for nonwords. Experiment 2 employed a rhyme judgment task using nonwords. Repetition priming of auditory rhyme judgment decisions was now obtained, and this was greater in the bimodal than the sound-only condition. In both experiments prior bimodal presentation improved recognition memory for spoken words and nonwords compared to single modality presentation. We conclude that simultaneous text presentation can aid novel word learning under certain conditions, as assessed by both explicit and implicit memory tests.

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47

Li, Jian, Shuai Guo, and Feng Ye. "Shape Recognition Based on Freeman Chain Code." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 2490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.2490.

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In this paper, a shape recognition method based on Freeman chain code has been proposed. According to the detected corners, feature vector of a contour shape can be obtained. And the descriptor of each corner in the feature vector has three components, which are the normalized distance between the corner and the centroid of all the corners, the local main trend of both sides of the corners. By using the feature vector, the matching judgment has been given, and the results of the experiment are shown.

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48

Silva, Stein, Isabelle Loubinoux, Michel Olivier, Benoîmt Bataille, Olivier Fourcade, Kamran Samii, Marc Jeannerod, and Jean-Francois Démonet. "Impaired Visual Hand Recognition in Preoperative Patients during Brachial Plexus Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31820164f1.

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Background Perceptual illusions described in healthy subjects undergoing regional anesthesia (RA) are probably related to short-term plastic brain changes. We addressed whether performance on an implicit mental rotation task reflects these RA-induced changes in body schema brain representations. Studying these changes in healthy volunteers may shed light on normal function and the central mechanisms of pain. Methods Performance pattern was studied in upper limb-anesthetized subjects on a left/right hand judgment task, which is known to involve motor imagery processes relating to hand posture. Three conditions were used: control (i.e., absence of deafferentation), RA (i.e., deafferentation), and vision (i.e., deafferentated limb exposed to view). To limit potential bias such as order effect, the control state was recorded in a randomized manner. Results All subjects described perceptual illusions of their anesthetized limb. They were slower and less accurate on the task during RA compared with control. Response patterns were similar in all conditions, suggesting sensitivity of performance to arm/hand biomechanical constraints. Vision was associated with an increase in the proportion of correct responses and a reduction of the response times in hand judgment and was accompanied by disappearance of the lateralization of the underlying mental representations, which was identified during RA. Conclusions These results suggest the following: (1) the right/left judgment task involves mental simulation of hand movements, (2) underlying mental representations and their neural substrates are subject to acute alterations after RA, and (3) the proprioceptive deficit induced by RA is influenced by the subject's ability to see the anesthetized limb.

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Cao, Qianyu, and Hanmei Hao. "Optimization of Intelligent English Pronunciation Training System Based on Android Platform." Complexity 2021 (March 26, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537101.

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Oral English, as a language tool, is not only an important part of English learning but also an essential part. For nonnative English learners, effective and meaningful voice feedback is very important. At present, most of the traditional recognition and error correction systems for oral English training are still in the theoretical stage. At the same time, the corresponding high-end experimental prototype also has the disadvantages of large and complex system. In the speech recognition technology, the traditional speech recognition technology is not perfect in recognition ability and recognition accuracy, and it relies too much on the recognition of speech content, which is easily affected by the noise environment. Based on this, this paper will develop and design a spoken English assistant pronunciation training system based on Android smartphone platform. Based on the in-depth study and analysis of spoken English speech correction algorithm and speech feedback mechanism, this paper proposes a lip motion judgment algorithm based on ultrasonic detection, which is used to assist the traditional speech recognition algorithm in double feedback judgment. In the feedback mechanism of intelligent speech training, a double benchmark scoring mechanism is introduced to comprehensively evaluate the speech of the speech trainer and correct the speaker’s speech in time. The experimental results show that the speech accuracy of the system reaches 85%, which improves the level of oral English trainers to a certain extent.

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Kennett, Wendy. "IV. Recognition of Judgments and Authentic Instruments under the Brussels Convention." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 48, no. 4 (October 1999): 972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058930006382x.

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That question remains open following Case C–99/96 Mietz v. Intership Yachting Sneek BV16 a more recent decision that raises some similar issues but continues to confine its attention to interim payments. The applicant was appealing against a German order for enforcement of a Dutch judgment ordering interim payment in kort geding proceedings. The applicant argued that the underlying contract was covered by the special provisions on consumer contracts in Articles 13 et seq. of the Brussels Convention. Therefore failure to observe the rules of jurisdiction in Articles 13 et seq. was a ground for non-recognition of the Dutch judgment. The contract was for the sale of a luxury yacht, to be paid for in five instalments during its period of construction and trial. A written contract was signed in the Netherlands, but the applicant alleged for the first time in the German proceedings that the contract was negotiated at a boat show in Germany and an oral contract was made there.

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