Journal articles on the topic 'Judgment (ethics) in literature'
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Marta, Rahma Nakhiral, and Vanica Serly. "Pengaruh Ideologi Etis Terhadap Penilaian Etis." JURNAL EKSPLORASI AKUNTANSI 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2023): 428–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jea.v5i1.634.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ethical ideology on ethical judgments. This research contributes to the existing literature on student ethical judgment, particularly in the context of a developing country such as Indonesia. There are 193 of accounting students Faculty of Economics Universitas Negeri Padang who have taken/are currently taking courses Ethics on Accounting Profession. This study shows that idealism doesn’t have positive effect on Ethical Judgment, while relativism shows negative results on ethical judgment.
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Robin, Donald P., R. Eric Reidenbach, and Barry J. Babin. "The Nature, Measurement, and Stability of Ethical Judgments in the Workplace." Psychological Reports 80, no. 2 (April 1997): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.563.
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A basic interest in the Tightness and wrongness of actions predates philosophy, and the literature of organizational psychology indicates an increased interest in ethical and unethical decision-making in the workplace. Although several conceptual models of workplace ethical behavior have been offered, researchers have little guidance and few appropriate constructs for measuring a key component of these models. This paper focuses on the historical results of the Multidimensional Ethics Scale and construct of an ethical judgment and provides an exhaustive conceptual and empirical treatment of it. This analysis offers evidence for a three-dimensional structure underlying ethical judgments common to the workplace. The structure of the Multidimensional Ethics Scale is supported through an iterative approach which involves widely varying contexts and samples. Results have potential implications for developing theories of organizational ethics as well as for employees' psychological well-being.
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Tipu, Syed Awais Ahmad. "The Cognitive Side of Entrepreneurial Ethics: What Do We Still Need to Know?" Journal of Enterprising Culture 23, no. 01 (March 2015): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495815710016.
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The paper aims to review the current state of the knowledge in an attempt to renew the interest in studying cognitive side of entrepreneurial ethics. The paper explores how the two streams of the literature — entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial ethics — can possibly be integrated to guide future research. It also reviews the literature at the intersection of entrepreneurial cognitions and ethics. In doing so, the paper draws upon the extant literature to propose a set of questions for future research. Given the ethical implications of entrepreneurial behavior, this paper calls for future interdisciplinary work among entrepreneurial cognition scholars and business ethicists. The extant literature has generally focused on exploring the linkages among entrepreneurial cognitions, moral awareness, and moral judgment. It appears that relatively sparse attention is paid to explore the underlying cognitive patterns of an entrepreneur's actions pertaining to unethical business practices. This gap in the literature at the intersection of cognitions and ethics holds significant potential for future research. The proposed questions for future research include the following: How do cognitive biases and heuristics make an entrepreneur more susceptible to immoral judgment and reasoning? Which of the cognitive schemas is more likely to enhance moral intentions of entrepreneurs? How does distributed cognition shape socially responsible entrepreneurial behavior? Do entrepreneurs prefer rule-based or cost/benefit-based reasoning approach while making moral judgment? Which of the cognitive dimensions of socially responsible behavior — utilitarianism, just, and rights — is more common among entrepreneurs in developed countries in comparison to the entrepreneurs in developing and emerging economies? Do immigrant and/or ethnic entrepreneurs experience identity ambiguity and how does it relate to their unethical actions? How does the level of motivation affect an entrepreneur's reliance on heuristics rather than employing a systematic response to process information for ethical judgment? The proposed questions potentially offer insights into the way in which entrepreneurial cognitions and entrepreneurial ethics are interconnected. Entrepreneurship scholars may enrich their future research efforts by exploring how might insights from entrepreneurial ethics better inform the theoretical developments of entrepreneurial cognitions.
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Jaeger, Jacqueline R. "Toward Closing the Moral-Judgment Gap: Conceptualizing Learner-Centered, Multi-Modal Business Ethics Education." Journal of Business Ethics Education 20 (2023): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jbee2023205.
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Business ethics can be taught as a stand-alone course or be woven throughout a curriculum. There is a debate over whether to teach ethics in the form of theory or real-world connectedness or both. A moral-judgment gap exists, and many believe Business education should promote knowledge and skills that enable ethical intentions to be followed with ethical behaviors. This conceptual paper diagrams where the gap exists in Business Ethics education and theorizes how multi-modal, learning-centered ethics teaching can bridge this shortfall. Literature from the field of Education is drawn upon for pedagogies that promote learning and application. Case studies, constructed narratives, and simulations function as several key components useful for developing complex skills needed for applying ethical reasoning. Additional components and strategies that undergird and reinforce the case studies and other active learning components are laid out in pyramid form toward an overall best-practices approach to developing principled moral reasoning in Business Ethics.
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Legault, Georges-Auguste, Johane Patenaude, Suzanne Kocsis Bédard, Jean-Pierre Béland, Christian Bellemare, Pierre Dagenais, Charles-Etienne Daniel, and Hubert Gagnon. "PP113 Towards A Systemic Approach of Value Judgment In HTA." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318002519.
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Introduction:The fact that HTA is a value-laden process is recognized in the literature. This is one of the reasons for promoting a better integration of ethics in HTA processes. Although what is meant by value-judgment (VJ) and how it can be used in HTA is not clear for some authors; others have proposed the elicitation of implicit VJs, to make them more explicit, as one way for clarifying the role ethics may play in HTA. In order to clarify what a VJ is, a conceptual analysis is needed to distinguish it from a factual-judgment and see how they diverge on certain aspects and converge on others.Methods:The distinction between VJs and factual-judgments was debated in the fifties. At the core of the philosophy of language was a distinction between factual-scientific assertions about facts, considered objective, and VJs on what is right/wrong-good/bad, considered subjective. In speech-act theory these distinctions were treated as two different operations: assertive and evaluative. A conceptual analysis of VJs, considering them as specific speech-acts, was used for clarifying/deciphering the role of VJs in HTA.Results:VJs are intrinsically embedded in decision-making since they are the reasons justifying decisions. This is why implicit VJs can be identified at every decision-step in the HTA process. Assessment is usually considered objective while appraisal seems subjective. Since VJs are entrenched in the decisions taken throughout the assessment process, the results are not completely objective. Ethical analysis also distinguishes two types of VJs, those based on normative criteria and those based on various degrees of value actualization. Furthermore, since evaluation requires criteria based on a rational process, VJs are not totally subjective.Conclusions:Elicitation of VJs in HTA is one way of integrating ethics in HTA and offers decision-makers a more thorough picture of the ethical issues involved in their decision.
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Ortiz, Alisha Y. "The Effectiveness of Ethics Training Strategies: Experiential Learning for the Win." International Journal of Business and Management Research 8, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.080407.
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Organizations place a great deal of emphasis on ethics, spending significant resources on ethics training initiatives. Research indicates the positive impact that ethical training has on a variety of organizational outcomes. However, in practice, ethics training efforts are often met with resistance and skepticism by employees. This cynicism may be merited and perceived failures in ethics training could be in part a function of the type of ethics training intervention they receive. This study examines the extent to which different types of training interventions impact participants’ moral judgment. Evidence suggests that experiential learning is superior to lecture, immersion, behavioral modeling, and role-play. This research contributes to the training and pedagogical literature. It provides evidence suggesting how higher education and industry may better equip students and employees for the ethical challenges they face in today’s workplace.
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Waldron, Marilyn, and Richard Fisher. "Values and ethical judgments." Meditari Accountancy Research 25, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-09-2016-0076.
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Purpose A major impediment to the advancement of ethics research in the accounting domain is the availability of appropriate research participants. This study aims to investigate the validity of using student surrogates in accounting ethics research. Design/methodology/approach A survey instrument was administered to a sample of US accounting practitioners (Certified Public Accountants) and two student respondent groups: intermediate and advanced-level accounting students. Both personal values and ethical judgments were measured. Findings Significant differences were found in both the structure of personal values and ethical judgments between practitioners and accounting students. Life-stage effects play an important role in explaining these differences. Hedonistic values are seen to become less salient through the maturation process, whereas others, such as security, become increasingly important. Unexpectedly, values are found to have little direct impact on ethical judgments. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional nature of the research design means the impacts of maturation and experience can only be inferred. Future corroborating longitudinal studies are encouraged. Practical implications Overall, the findings suggest caution in the use of student surrogates in this research context. In particular, adequate attention ought to be given to the close matching of ages, and to the extent possible, the education level between students and the target professional population. Insights provided by the study into factors underlying the ethical decision-making process of accountants provide a basis for evaluating the capabilities of employees and can be used in education and organizational training. Originality/value This study addresses a significant gap in the prior literature by concurrently considering the interrelationships between personal values, ethical judgment and subject type in studying the suitability of student surrogates in accounting ethics research.
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Swisher, Laura Lee. "A Retrospective Analysis of Ethics Knowledge in Physical Therapy (1970–2000)." Physical Therapy 82, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 692–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.7.692.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Purtilo, Guccione, and others have noted that increased clinical autonomy for physical therapists presents more complex ethical dilemmas. The body of literature examining physical therapy ethics, however, is relatively small and has not been analyzed. The primary purposes of this research were: (1) to use multiple perspectives to describe and analyze literature examining ethics in physical therapy from 1970 to 2000, (2) to develop a model to describe the evolution of knowledge of ethics in physical therapy during this period, and (3) to compare the proposed model with the evolutionary models proposed by Purtilo in physical therapy and by Pellegrino in bioethics. Sample. The sample consisted of peer-reviewed journal articles cited in the MEDLINE or Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases between 1970 and 2000 or referenced in Ethics in Physical Therapy. Methods. A two-phase mixed quantitative and qualitative method was used to analyze publications. In the quantitative phase, the author sorted publications into a priori categories, including approach to ethics, author, decade, country of publication, role of the physical therapist, and component of morality. During the qualitative phase of the research, the author analyzed and sorted the publications to identify common themes, patterns, similarities, and evolutionary trends. These findings were compared with the evolutionary models of Pellegrino and Purtilo. Results. The 90 publications meeting inclusion criteria were predominantly philosophical, using the “principles” perspective; focused on the patient/client management role of the physical therapist; and addressed the moral judgment component of moral behavior. As predicted by Purtilo's model, the focus of identity evolved from self-identity to patient-focused identity, with increasing representation of societal identity. Recurrent themes included the need to further identify and clarify physical therapists' ethical dilemmas, the interrelationship between clinical and ethical decision making, and the changing relationship with patients. Discussion and Conclusion. Although knowledge of ethics grew steadily between 1970 and 2000, this retrospective analysis identified gaps in our current knowledge. Further research is needed to address the unique ethical problems commonly encountered in all 5 roles of the physical therapist; patient perspectives on ethical issues in physical therapy; variety in ethical approaches; factors affecting moral judgment, sensitivity, motivation, and courage; and cultural dimensions of ethical practice in physical therapy.
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Zaman, Maliha, Claire A. Simmers, and Murugan Anandarajan. "Using an Ethical Framework to Examine Linkages Between “Going Green” in Research Practices and Information and Communication Technologies." International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 1, no. 2 (April 2011): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2011040102.
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The link between “Going Green” in research practices and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is studied using general ethics and social psychology literature. This paper investigates and concludes that a researcher’s ethical judgment is the strongest factor influencing their intention to follow green research practices (GRP). Their ethical judgment is molded indirectly by the researcher’s attitude towards environmental awareness. Their intention towards GRP is influenced by existing research practices and experience in using a technology touted as a greening enabler, Web 2.0. The strength of the relationship suggests there is no pivotal turning point in the research practices to become green. This paper concludes that GRP represent a smaller, albeit important, paradigm shift affecting the conduct and dissemination of research with positive spillover effects for the environment.
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Hogan, Patrick Colm. "Narrative Universals, Emotion, and Ethics." Poetics Today 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-8172514.
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Some recent writers on ethics, prominently Jonathan Haidt, have seen emotion and narrative as central to moral judgment and behavior. However, much of this work is not clear about the precise nature of emotion and narrative or the relation of the two to each other and to ethics. Research in distinct narrative traditions — a form of comparative literary study — offers a possible solution. The author has argued that a number of prototype-based story structures recur across a broad range of genetically and areally distinct traditions. These structures derive from emotion systems and general principles of emotion modulation and involve ideals that are both hedonic and ethical. We may better understand the complex relations among narrative, emotion, and morality in terms of these story universals, their sources in emotion systems, and their associated ideals, which collectively predict a range of ethical responses to any given situation. In addition, even the usual ethical orientations of emotions and prototypes may be altered through the particularization of stories. In this way, emotional response and initial emplotment bias ethical response and evaluation, but the former do not simply determine the latter. The author illustrates these points by the sometimes surprising similarities relating European, Chinese, and Indian works.
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Zheng, Anqi. "Literature Review: The Factors That Influence Moral Judgment." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 41, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/41/20240770.
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Over the last decade, there has been a significant surge in research on morality, primarily focusing on moral judgments-evaluative assessments that individuals make in response to violations of moral norms. This literature review examines the multifaceted factors influencing moral judgment, specifically examining the roles of sociocultural, cognitive, and neurological aspects. As the review evaluates various studies, it emphasizes that each study provides valuable insights while acknowledging inherent limitations and the imperative need for further research. The synthesis of these perspectives emphasizes the intricate interplay of diverse components that shape peoples moral judgments, revealing the necessity of a comprehensive stance in studying morality. The review emphasizes the recognition of limitations in current research and advocates for continued exploration. The call for further research extends beyond the individual studies discussed, highlighting the previously untouched field of morality. As the author grapples with evolving societal norms and global interconnectedness, understanding the foundations of moral judgment becomes increasingly vital. Furthermore, the review urges a heightened emphasis on cultural sensitivity and a holistic understanding of future studies and practical applications. In an era marked by diverse cultural perspectives and ethical frameworks, recognizing the impact of sociocultural nuances on moral judgments becomes paramount. This abstract encapsulates the essence of the essay, promoting the ongoing discourse on morality and encouraging a more comprehensive approach in future research endeavors.
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Ayoun, Baker, Louis Rowe, and Fatima Yassine. "Is workplace spirituality associated with business ethics?" International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27, no. 5 (July 13, 2015): 938–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-01-2014-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically explore the potential association between spirituality and business ethics in a hotel workplace. Design/methodology/approach – A scenario-based quantitative approach was used to collect data from 165 practicing professionals in the hotel industry. Findings – The results show that spirituality, as measured by the Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS), did not correlate significantly with measures of ethical perception, ethical judgment, ethical intention or perceived moral intensity. There was, however, evidence to suggest that spirituality may be able to contribute incrementally to future research. Research limitations/implications – This study demonstrates that the dynamic associations between spirituality and ethics may produce different outcomes in different industry settings. Practical implications – If hotel companies focus on developing ethical standards, the effects on the business ethics of managers could be considerably greater than relying on the spirituality of managers or the encouragement of expression of spirituality in the workplace. Originality/value – Although the relationship between spirituality and ethics seems to be sensible, the empirical assessments on how managers’ workplace spirituality relate to their business ethics is notably lacking. The present study sought to fill this gap in literature.
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Brynhildsvoll, Knut. "The Ethics of Aesthetics." Interlitteraria 22, no. 2 (January 16, 2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2017.22.2.2.
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In my article I shall deal with the role of modern literary criticism as exercised by critics working for influential newspapers, journals and public media. I will discuss the evaluating standards and the judgment criteria. I will also examine the independence and moral integrity of critics working in close cooperation with big publishing houses. An important part of my article will focus on the jeopardized balance in book business which threatens to make the critics vulnerable to compromises and loss of ethical credibility. As a consequence of the critic’s cooperation with the sales departments of the publishing houses, he might overlook good literature and promote best-sellers, thus giving priority to a category of books which seldom proves to be of lasting value.
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McLeod-Sordjan, Renee. "Evaluating moral reasoning in nursing education." Nursing Ethics 21, no. 4 (November 13, 2013): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733013505309.
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Evidence-based practice suggests the best approach to improving professionalism in practice is ethics curricula. However, recent research has demonstrated that millennium graduates do not advocate for patients or assert themselves during moral conflicts. The aim of this article is the exploration of evaluation techniques to evaluate one measurable outcome of ethics curricula: moral reasoning. A review of literature, published between 1995 and 2013, demonstrated that the moral orientations of care and justice as conceptualized by Gilligan and Kohlberg are utilized by nursing students to solve ethical dilemmas. Data obtained by means of reflective journaling, Ethics of Care Interview (ECI) and Defining Issues Test (DIT), would objectively measure the interrelated pathways of care-based and justice-based moral reasoning. In conclusion, educators have an ethical responsibility to foster students' ability to exercise sound clinical judgment, and support their professional development. It is recommended that educators design authentic assessments to demonstrate student's improvement of moral reasoning.
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Ritivoi, Andreea Deciu. "Reading (with) Hannah Arendt: Aesthetic Representation for an Ethics of Alterity." Humanities 8, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8040155.
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Hannah Arendt’s interest in literature was part of a broader concern, which was inspired by her reading of Kant, with the role played by aesthetic representation in ethical and political judgment. Her rich repertoire of writings about literature deserves to be considered alongside the works more commonly associated with the ethical turn in literary studies. Arendt’s unique contribution, I argue here, is a heightened awareness of the assimilative tendencies of aesthetic and cultural representation, coupled with a critique of empathy as potentially illusory or even condescending when confronted with a political judgment that is set up to absorb difference. To recognize alterity requires us, if we follow Arendt, to understand otherness “in acting and speaking,” as she argued in The Human Condition. Much of her philosophical and political work was dedicated to understanding the obstacles facing human togetherness, so that she could suggest ways for us to overcome them. Aesthetic representation, in her view, was one of the most effective strategies for achieving community because it offers a reconstruction of another’s viewpoints that invites both an imaginative projection and a sustained cognitive effort.
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Robin, Donald P., Gus Gordon, Charles Jordan, and R. Eric Reidenbach. "The Empirical Performance of Cognitive Moral Development in Predicting Behavioral Intent." Business Ethics Quarterly 6, no. 4 (October 1996): 493–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857501.
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AbstractThe substantial work on cognitive moral development (CMD) by Lawrence Kohlberg and James Rest popularized the use of this construct in the literature on business ethics. This construct has been prominently used in models attempting to explain ethical/unethical behavior in management, marketing, and accounting, even though Kohlberg did not intend for the construct to be used in that manner. As a predictor of behavior, CMD has been attacked on the theoretical level, and its empirical performance has been weak. This article uses another established construct, which seems to satisfy the central criticisms of CMD, as a means of testing those complaints. The comparative multidimensional ethics scale (MES) substantially outperforms CMD, operationalized using Rest's Defining Issues Test, in every test. These results seem to suggest that other options perform better than CMD when the purpose is to model ethical/unethical behavior or even ethical judgment.
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Roberts, Merrilees. "Psychological Limits in Percy Shelley's Prefaces." Romanticism 24, no. 2 (July 2018): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2018.0369.
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The prefaces to Shelley's poems are generally seen as an important addendum to understanding the complex narratorial personae in the poems they accompany; to pull these textual edges into the centre of enquiry allows for consideration of the unique perspectives on ethics and aesthetics that they offer. I argue that Shelley's prefaces conflate Sympathy conceived of as a personal and morally accountable emotional reflex, such as found in the thought of Adam Smith, and sympathy conceived as the abstract, disinterested aesthetic judgment of Kant's Critique of Judgment. This conflation casts the sensitivity of the poet as both a faculty of judgment which forges an only indirect relationship to moral concerns, and, paradoxically, as something requiring explicitly moral behaviour. This tension engenders a psychological trauma which makes the idea of ‘the self’ a contested, liminal space that marks the edges of Shelley's understanding of the mental operations that occur in aesthetic experience.
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Raby, Michael. "Tasting Thomas Hoccleve: Discernment and the Ethics of Judgment in theSeries." Modern Philology 114, no. 2 (November 2016): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/687000.
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Alfadlilah, Muna. "THE PROPHETIC ETHICS IN NABI BARU POETRY COMPILATION BY TRIYANTO TRIWIYANTO." Journal Of English Teaching For Young And Adult Learners 1, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21137/jeeyal.2022.2.2.5.
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Literature reflects the social ideology and criticizes the community that violates the Islamic ideology andmoral values. One of literature works is prophetic literature that discusses about daily life. Propheticliterature refers to literature that involves in human history. The development of prophetic literature withreligious pattern has many elements, including the human-God relation and inter-human relation.Prophetic literature also deals with reality, such as socio-cultural judgment and criticisms. The propheticliterature has three matters: ma'ruf (instructing to do the good things, humanization), nahi mungkar(preventing the evil things, liberation), and tukminu billah (having faith in the God, transcendental). Theresearchers used descriptive-qualitative research with Hermeneutics theory of Hans Georg-Gadamer tointerpret the Nabi Baru poetry compilation written by Triyanto Triwikromo, the definition of prophet, andprophetic or the features of a prophet as the ideal spiritual-individual. As the agent of change, propheticliterature has a motivation to return to the prophetic values and to guide the community in to the rightway. This matter needs three united materials to create unity. This research explains the representations ofhumanism, transcendental, and liberal values. The results showed that Nabi Baru poetry compilation bookby Triyanto Triwikromo contained values, such as humanism, liberal, and transcendental values.
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Bellemare, Christian A., Pierre Dagenais, Suzanne K.-Bédard, Jean-Pierre Béland, Louise Bernier, Charles-Étienne Daniel, Hubert Gagnon, Georges-Auguste Legault, Monelle Parent, and Johane Patenaude. "ETHICS IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, no. 5 (2018): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318000508.
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Objectives:Integration of ethics into health technology assessment (HTA) remains challenging for HTA practitioners. We conducted a systematic review on social and methodological issues related to ethical analysis in HTA. We examined: (1) reasons for integrating ethics (social needs); (2) obstacles to ethical integration; (3) concepts and processes deployed in ethical evaluation (more specifically value judgments) and critical analyses of formal experimentations of ethical evaluation in HTA.Methods:Search criteria included “ethic,” “technology assessment,” and “HTA”. The literature search was done in Medline/Ovid, SCOPUS, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the international HTA Database. Screening of citations, full-text screening, and data extraction were performed by two subgroups of two independent reviewers. Data extracted from articles were grouped into categories using a general inductive method.Results:A list of 1,646 citations remained after the removal of duplicates. Of these, 132 were fully reviewed, yielding 67 eligible articles for analysis. The social need most often reported was to inform policy decision making. The absence of shared standard models for ethical analysis was the obstacle to integration most often mentioned. Fairness and Equity and values embedded in Principlism were the values most often mentioned in relation to ethical evaluation.Conclusions:Compared with the scientific experimental paradigm, there are no settled proceedings for ethics in HTA nor consensus on the role of ethical theory and ethical expertise hindering its integration. Our findings enable us to hypothesize that there exists interdependence between the three issues studied in this work and that value judgments could be their linking concept.
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Nweke, Emmanuel Onyekachi, and Igweka Ugochi Victoria. "Office Ethics and Effective Administration in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State." International Journal of Education and Evaluation 9, no. 7 (October 16, 2023): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijee.v9.no7.2023.pg117.126.
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The paper examined Office Ethics and Effective Administration in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State. The paper used the qualitative approach in which literature were sourced to enhance the opinion of the authors. It looked at office ethics in the light of integrity, competence and mutual respect of higher school administrators as major character traits required for effective administration of tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The paper adopted the the Utilitarianism theory which is considered to be an ethical theory as an action is judged on whether its end result maximises good. It is also a consequential theory since the criterion for judging whether an action is right or wrong relates to its consequences. It concluded that integrity, competence and and mutual respect enhances the administrators performance in the judgment of members of the organizations as well as customers or stake holders. The paper suggested among others that termly integrity test should be conducted on administrators’ on regular intervals.
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Bouhafa, Feriel. "New Perspectives on Ethics in Islam [whole issue]." Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 21 (January 3, 2022): 1–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.9348.
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Complete volume, containing all articles CONTENTS Introduction: Feriel Bouhafa, Towards New Perspectives on Ethics in Islam: Casuistry, Contingency, and Ambiguity I. Islamic Philosophy and Theology Feriel Bouhafa, The Dialectics of Ethics: Moral Ontology and Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy Frank Griffel, The Place of Virtue Ethics within the Post-Classical Discourse on ḥikma: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s al-Nafs wa-l-rūḥ wa-sharḥ quwāhumā Ayman Shihadeh, Psychology and Ethical Epistemology: An Ashʿarī Debate with Muʿtazilī Ethical Realism, 11th-12th C. Hannah C. Erlwein, The Moral Obligation to Worship God Alone: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Analysis in the Tafsīr Anna Ayse Akasoy, Philosophy in the Narrative Mode: Alexander the Great as an Ethical Character from Roman to Medieval Islamicate Literature II. Islamic Jurisprudence Ziad Bou Akl, From Norm Evaluation to Norm Construction: The Metaethical Origin of al-Ghazālī’s Radical Infallibilism Felicitas Opwis, The Ethical Turn in Legal Analogy: Imbuing the Ratio Legis with Maṣlaḥa Robert Gleave, Moral Assessments and Legal Categories: The Relationship between Rational Ethics and Revealed Law in Post-Classical Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory Omar Farahat, Moral Value and Commercial Gain: Three Classical Islamic Approaches III Hadith, Quran, and Adab Mutaz al-Khatib, Consult Your Heart: The Self as a Source of Moral Judgment Tareq Moqbel, “As Time Grows Older, the Qurʾān Grows Younger”: The Ethical Function of Ambiguity in Qurʾānic Narratives Enass Khansa, Can Reading Animate Justice? A Conversation from Alf Layla wa-Layla (The Thousand and One Nights) Nuha AlShaar, The Interplay of Religion and Philosophy in al-Tawḥīdī’s Political Thought and Practical Ethics William Ryle Hodges, Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s Notion of Political Adab: Ethics as a Virtue of Modern Citizenship in Late 19th Century Khedival Egypt
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Vanhoozer, Kevin J. "Love’s Wisdom: The Authority of Scripture’s Form and Content for Faith’s Understanding and Theological Judgment." Journal of Reformed Theology 5, no. 3 (2011): 247–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156973111x608507.
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Abstract This essay asks whether the Bible’s authority is a matter of (propositional) content as well as (poetic) form. It extends Martha Nussbaum’s work on the importance of literature for ethics by examining the effect of the “ancient quarrel” between philosophers and poets on the relationship of biblical literature to theology. Biblical authority involves not only revealed information but also large-scale patterns of information processing, like narrative, a cognitive strategy for grasping meaningful wholes. Scripture’s literary forms perform a pedagogical function, helping disciples to make right judgments about the theodrama, and hence serve as a means of sapiential formation.
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Hopkins, Margaret, and R. Deepa. "The impact of emotional intelligence on ethical judgment." Journal of Management Development 37, no. 6 (July 9, 2018): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-02-2018-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the important relationships between emotional intelligence (EI) and ethical decision making (EDM). Design/methodology/approach Participants were 100 students from MBA programs in the USA and India who completed two surveys: one measuring their EI, and the second their use of four different ethical perspectives in three scenarios. Multiple regression analyses were performed to discover relationships between overall EI, certain dimensions of EI and their ethical judgments. Findings The authors’ results found that the composite EI score as well as the EI subscale of decision making were both significantly related to the relativism ethical perspective. Age was an additional significant factor for EI and EDM. Research limitations/implications Future research should attempt to replicate these findings among different managerial levels, industries and countries to further understand the distinctive relationships between EI and ethical judgments. Practical implications This study highlights the importance of integrating EI and ethical judgment within corporate training programs and business school curricula, as important is the emphasis on moving the subject of ethical judgment from one of awareness to sustained ethical behavior through accountability. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by identifying how EI and its decision-making subscale are significant to EDM.
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Tanveer, Usman, and Danish Ahmed Siddiqui. "How Consumers Justify Their Unethical Behavior: The Role of Moral Recognition Strategies (Moral Rationalization, and Decoupling), Complemented by Culture, on the Purchase of Counterfeits in Pakistan." International Journal of Industrial Marketing 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijim.v6i1.18312.
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Moral recognition, is defined as a person’s description of a condition as ethical dilemma. However, people will not always interpret situations as ethical problems in the same way with the same force under all circumstances. The literature suggests that when two conditions of acceptance of ethics (moral rationalization and decoupling) are met, people will define the situation as a ethical problem differently. In the moral system, people use it to turn immoral acts into less immoral acts. Therefore, it allows them to violate ethical standards while maintaining a certain standard of conduct such as buying counterfeit goods because of their low prices. Here, consumers are more likely to make a profit by rearranging their actions for less ethical, which means seeking appropriate ethical reasons (including ethical justification, non-professional language, beneficial comparisons, migration of responsibilities, distribution of responsibility, distortion of results, prosecution; (Bandura et al., 1996), to coordinate adjustments and conditions, and to reach a judgment. Moral decoupling is defined as a psychological process chosen to prevent misconduct, in which one separates the judgment of performance from judgments of morality (Bhattacharjee et al., 2013). When people use this strategy, they focus on social benefits (e.g., image, use of status, etc.) as well as economic benefits (e.g., visual fashion content, physical appearance, performance, scarcity, etc. Chen et. al. (2018) linked these two strategies in an empirical assessment to explore the effect of dimensions of moral recognition (moral rationalization and moral decoupling) on counterfeit purchases mediated by moral judgment and perceived benefits respectively. We modified the Chen model with the complementary effect of materialistic culture in this relationship. We argue that moral recognition firstly affects counterfeit purchase (CP) through Moral rationalization, and then through moral judgment in a two-step mediation. Secondly, through moral decoupling and further through perceived benefits. Thirdly, directly affecting CP complemented by materialistic culture as a moderator. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey employing a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 230 consumers and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results suggested that moral recognition seems to limit purchase intention (PI) directly. Similarly, it neutralizes to Moral Rationalization (MR), and Decoupling (MD) behaviors. Moreover, MR tends to positively affect PI both directly, and well as indirectly through moral judgment (MJ). Similarly, MD also has a direct and positive effect on PI, as well as perceived benefits (PB), however, PB and PI relationship was not substantiated. Hence, MR seems to negatively affect PI through MD, as well as through MR and MJ as a first and second-order mediator. Lastly, materialism seems to promote the counterfeit purchase, at the same time positively complement the effect of MR on PI, in a way that MR would have a more pronounced effect on PI in case of the higher materialistic consumer.
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Putnam, Walter. "Captive Audiences: A Concert for the Elephants in the Jardin des Plantes." TDR/The Drama Review 51, no. 1 (March 2007): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.1.154.
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Animal presence unsettles practices of spectatorship and reframes assumptions about embodiment and affect in four differently exemplary animal performances, including one dating back to the 18th century. In all of them, the ethics of watching other animals, human or nonhuman, and the call for evaluation and judgment is complicated by recognition of the multiplicitous and mysterious nature of pain and pleasure.
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Harries, Martin. "Regarding the Pain of Rats: Kim Jones's Rat Piece." TDR/The Drama Review 51, no. 1 (March 2007): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.1.160.
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Animal presence unsettles practices of spectatorship and reframes assumptions about embodiment and affect in four differently exemplary animal performances, including one dating back to the 18th century. In all of them, the ethics of watching other animals, human or nonhuman, and the call for evaluation and judgment is complicated by recognition of the multiplicitous and mysterious nature of pain and pleasure.
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Carlson, Marvin. "“I Am Not an Animal”: Jan Fabre's Parrots and Guinea Pigs." TDR/The Drama Review 51, no. 1 (March 2007): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.1.166.
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Animal presence unsettles practices of spectatorship and reframes assumptions about embodiment and affect in four differently exemplary animal performances, including one dating back to the 18th century. In all of them, the ethics of watching other animals, human or nonhuman, and the call for evaluation and judgment is complicated by recognition of the multiplicitous and mysterious nature of pain and pleasure.
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Ashton, Edwina, and Steve Baker. "The Salon of Becoming-Animal." TDR/The Drama Review 51, no. 1 (March 2007): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.1.169.
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Animal presence unsettles practices of spectatorship and reframes assumptions about embodiment and affect in four differently exemplary animal performances, including one dating back to the 18th century. In all of them, the ethics of watching other animals, human or nonhuman, and the call for evaluation and judgment is complicated by recognition of the multiplicitous and mysterious nature of pain and pleasure.
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Haas, Peter J. "Elliot Dorff. Love Your Neighbor and Yourself: A Jewish Approach to Modern Personal Ethics. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2003. xvii, 366 pp." AJS Review 29, no. 1 (April 2005): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009405320095.
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The subtitle tells it all: the book is not about bioethics, business ethics or communal ethics, but about the kind of ethics one should establish for one's personal life. Starting with issues of privacy, the book moves us through sexual ethics, relationships within families, forgiveness, and finally, hope. Although traditional Jewish sources are mined for their insights, in the end, this is one person's notion about what Jewish ethics can (and should) say about issues of personal ethics. Dorff acknowledges this right in his preface, “throughout the book, I present what I take to be an authentic reading and application of the Jewish tradition but surely not the only one. I therefore take care to use judgment [emphasis in the original] in assessing how the tradition should be best applied to modern circumstance, by providing arguments from the tradition and from modern sources and circumstance to justify [emphasis in the original] my reading of the tradition and arguing against alternative readings” (p. xii). In short, the book is not descriptive of the Jewish tradition but prescriptive, laying out how one should think about these issues as a modern American Jew who wants to think “Jewishly.”
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Cygańska, Małgorzata, and Anna Bartoszewicz. "Socio-ethical determinants of operational and accounting manipulation. Empirical research results." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 48, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4086.
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Purpose: This article assesses the impact of personal moral philosophies, ethics, and ethical judgment on operational and accounting manipulation among accounting students. Methodology/approach: An analysis of the literature on the research subject was used, and a survey on perceptions of accounting manipulations (ACC) and operational manipulations (OM) was conducted among a group of accounting students studying at two universities in Poland. A linear regression model, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to verify the research hypotheses. Findings: The research results offer insights into how accounting students perceive accounting and operational manipulation, revealing differences in the ethical assessment of these phenomena depending on the respondent’s moral attitude. We found that age significantly influences the assessment of accounting manipulations and that ethical ideologies influence the manipulation of moral judgments in the case of unemployed people. Research limitations/implications: A significant limitation is that the study focused on students, which may bias findings. To draw broader conclusions, it would be necessary to include working people in the study, with further differentiation based on their profession and position in the organisation. Originality/value: The article contributes to behavioural accounting thanks to pioneering insights into students’ perceptions of accounting and operational manipulation in Poland. The results serve as a foundation for future research. They also raise awareness of future accounting specialists on behavioural and ethical issues they may encounter during the educational process. Professional associations may also use the material when working on ethical standards.
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Bogdan, Victoria, Delia Deliu, Tomina Săveanu, Olimpia Iuliana Ban, and Dorina Nicoleta Popa. "Roll the Dice—Let’s See If Differences Really Matter! Accounting Judgments and Sustainable Decisions in the Light of a Gender and Age Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 7505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187505.
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This research aims to investigate whether gender and age of Professional Accountants influence their opinion upon accounting judgments and sustainable decision-making. Through a questionnaire, accountants were interrogated about their education, professional profile, age, gender, personality traits, and their perception on accounting judgment and professional behavior. On one hand, results showed that women accountants are more inclined to comply with accounting regulations and more interested in following an ethical behavior. Moreover, women tend to be more interested in fulfilling managers’ expectations and more willing to collaborate. On the other hand, men accountants proved to be more independent in judgments and more skeptical. Furthermore, men have a greater propensity to make accurate, sustainable judgments, considering the evaluation of goodwill as more important than women. However, no correlations were found between age, gender and accountants’ perception on the theoretical framework of professional accounting judgment. As the age of accountants grows, the compliance degree to regulations increases. This study adds value to gender accounting literature by the way it examines accountants’ behavior and perception towards accounting judgments and sustainable decisions in correlation to gender diversity and age.
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Boyd, Karen L., and Katie Shilton. "Adapting Ethical Sensitivity as a Construct to Study Technology Design Teams." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, GROUP (July 8, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3463929.
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The design of new technologies is a cooperative task (between designers on teams, and between designers and users) with ethical import. Studying technology development teams' engagement with the ethical aspects of their work is important, but engagement with ethical issues is an unobservable construct without agreement on what observable factors comprise it. Ethical sensitivity (ES), a construct studied in medicine, accounting, and other professions, offers a framework of observable factors by operationalizing ethical engagement in workplaces into component parts. However, ES has primarily been studied as a property of individuals rather than groups and in professions outside of computing. This paper uses a corpus of 108 ES studies from 1985-2020 to adapt the framework for studies of technology design teams. From the ES corpus, we build an umbrella framework that conceptualizes ES as comprising the moment of noticing an ethical problem (recognition), the process of building understanding of the situation (particularization), and the decision about what to do (judgment). This framework makes theoretical and methodological contributions to the study of how ethics are operationalized on design teams. We find that ethical sensitivity provides useful language for studies of collaboration and communication around ethics; suggests opportunities for, and evaluations of, ethical interventions for design workplaces; and connects team members' backgrounds, educational experiences, work practices, and organizational factors to design decisions. Simultaneously, existing research in HCI and CSCW addresses the limited range of research methods currently employed in the ES literature, adding rich, contextualized data about situated and embodied ethical practice to the theory.
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Yuriev, Roman A. "A.J. Ayer and J.L. Austin: from “Ethical Judgements” to “Performative”." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 56, no. 3 (2019): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956350.
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The article considers the thesis about A. Ayer’s radical empiricism as one of the possible conceptual sources for the development of the theory of J. Austin’s speech acts. In contemporary research literature more attention is devoted to the inquiry of the discussion between A. Ayer and J. Austin on the matter of “sense-data”. At the same time it can be stated that few attention is devoted to the historical and philosophical reconstruction of their mutual influence. The importance of this kind of reconstruction is caused by the fact that contention between A. Ayer and J. Austin in Oxford during 1930s and 1940s can be viewed as preliminary work of reception of the idea of L. Wittgenstein’s “language-games”. By comparing A. Ayer’s “empirical / ethical” and J. Austin’s “conservative / performative” oppositions one could show that A. Ayer’s earlier views on ethics expressed in his work “Language, Truth and Logic “cannot be unconditionally attributed to the logical positivism. Ayer’s following statements were considered: 1) ethical judgements state as judgments of arousal of feelings and stimulation to action; 2) ethical judgements state as expression of ethical feelings; 3) ethical judgements add nothing in terms of factual meaning; 4) feelings are not a necessary condition for their expression. In conclusion one can say that in a certain sense Ayer’s approach to the ethical judgment is open to understanding that the meaning of a word is its use in the language. The results of its ethical analysis can be viewed as an important impulse to the development of ordinary language philosophy. Therefore, it is possible to consider logical positivism as including the inevitable premises for creation the ordinary language philosophy.
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Aktas, Büsra, Onurcan Yilmaz, and Hasan G. Bahçekapili. "Moral pluralism on the trolley tracks: Different normative principles are used for different reasons in justifying moral judgments." Judgment and Decision Making 12, no. 3 (May 2017): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005891.
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AbstractThe psychological correlates of utilitarian choices in sacrificial moral dilemmas are contentious. In the literature, some research (Greene, et al., 2001) suggested that utilitarianism requires analytic thinking while other research (Kahane et al., 2015) showed that utilitarianism is correlated with psychopathy. In the present research, we looked at the relation of several normative views with analytic cognitive style (ACS), psychopathy and real-world utilitarianism in three Turkish samples. In Study 1 (n = 269), we used four ethical dilemmas and asked participants to select one normative principle as the grounds for their judgment in the dilemma: fatalism, virtue ethics, utilitarianism, deontology and amoralism. The results showed that the majority selected the deontological principle. Additionally, there was a considerable amount of fatalistic and virtue ethical justifications. Utilitarianism and psychopathy had a significant positive correlation. In Study 2 (n = 246), we replicated Study 1 and showed a significant relation between ACS and moral minimalism (the view that the sacrificial act is permissible but not necessary). In Study 3, the results showed that the utilitarian option in the sacrificial dilemmas was positively correlated with both real-life utilitarianism and psychopathy, but the latter two variables were not correlated with each other. All in all, the results suggest that some people choose the utilitarian option in moral dilemmas from psychopathic tendencies (as Kahane argued), while others due to real-life utilitarian reasons (as Greene argued). The findings also indicate that virtue ethical and fatalistic justifications cannot be ignored in understanding lay people’s moral judgments.
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McKee, Heidi, and James E. Porter. "The Ethics of Digital Writing Research: A Rhetorical Approach." College Composition & Communication 59, no. 4 (June 1, 2008): 711–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ccc20086675.
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The study of writers and writing in digital environments raises distinct and complex ethical issues for researchers. Rhetoric theory and casuistic ethics, working in tandem, provide a theoretical framework for addressing such issues. A casuistic heuristic grounded in rhetorical principles can help digital writing researchers critically interrogate their research designs, carefully examine their relationships with research participants, and make sound ethical judgments.
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Emami, Mostafa, and Kamran Nazari. "ENTREPRENEURSHIP, RELIGION, AND BUSINESS ETHICS." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 01, no. 11 (June 22, 2012): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20120111a07.
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Interest in entrepreneurship has heightened in recent years, especially in business schools. Much of this interest is driven by student demand for courses in entrepreneurship, either because of genuine interest in the subject, or because students see entrepreneurship education as a useful hedge given uncertain corporate careers This paper reports a study of the importance of religious faith to entrepreneurs and the relationship of that faith to their ethical judgments. The importance of religious faith to entrepreneurs was similar to the importance of religious faith to other business respondents. Literature offers numerous definitions of ethics.Crane and Matten (2004, p.8) define business ethics as ‘‘the study of business situations, activities, and ecisions where issues of right and wrong are dressed’’. Based on Jones‘s definition of ethical decisions (Jones, 1991, cited in Chau and Siu, 2000) ,Entrepreneurs who identified religious interests as being of high importance, and also entrepreneurs who were highly orthodox in their faith, expressed more sensitive ethical judgments on at least five of sixteen ethical issues than did entrepreneurs who indicated that religious interests were of low or no importance.
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Edwards, Sarah J. L., Tracey Stone, and Teresa Swift. "Differences between research ethics committees." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462307051525.
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Objectives:To examine differences in the ethical judgments made by Research Ethics Committees (RECs) or Institutional Review Boards (IRBs).Methods:We did a review of the literature and included any study that attempted to compare the ethical judgments made by different RECs or IRBs when reviewing one or more protocol.Results:There were twenty-six articles reporting such discrepancies across Europe, within the United Kingdom, Spain, and United States. Of these studies, there were only five reports of some RECs approving while others rejecting the same protocol. All studies, however, reported differences in the clarifications and revisions asked of researchers regarding consent, recruitment, risks and benefits, compensation arrangements, and scientific issues.Conclusions:The studies were generally anecdotal reports of researchers trying to do research. New rules requiring a single ethical opinion for multi-site research at least in European Member States may simply conceal problematic issues in REC decision making. In the last analysis, we should expect a certain degree of variation and differences if we are to keep a committee system of review, although there is a pressing need to investigate the way in which RECs make these judgments. In particular, we need to identify the source of any aberrations, distortions, or confusions that could arbitrarily affect these judgments. Furthermore, local conditions remain important ethical considerations and should not be sidelined in pursuit of greater “consistency.”
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Butterfield, Bradley. "Ethical Value and Negative Aesthetics: Reconsidering the Baudrillard-Ballard Connection." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 114, no. 1 (January 1999): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463427.
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Like today's masses, the characters in J. G. Ballard's Crash are fascinated by what Jean Baudrillard calls the accident, especially when it involves the death of a celebrity. Ballard's characters, however, reenact their accidents as sexual rituals of a marriage between technology and death that are beyond the realm of moral judgment, making Crash sci-fi, hypothetical, unrealistic. Calling Crash “the first great novel of the universe of simulation,” Jean Baudrillard has drawn heavy criticism for missing the alleged moral point, both in Crash and in the still-real world. As a fiction writer, Ballard is given a wide moral berth, but when Baudrillard's theory turns sci-fi, the question of ethical boundaries is broached, and leniency is less likely. In defense of Baudrillard, I read him, like Ballard, in the Nietzschean tradition of a purposefully amoral, negative aestheticism, which I argue is of value to ethics and radical politics in a world governed by instrumental simulacra.
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IMBER, COLIN. "BABER JOHANSEN, Contingency in a Sacred Law: Legal and Ethical Norms in the Muslim Fiqh, Studies in Islamic Law and Society (Leiden, Boston, Cologne: E. J. Brill, 1999). Pp. 535." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 1 (February 2001): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801241063.
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Baber Johansen is perhaps the most original scholar currently working in the field of classical Islamic—predominantly Hanafi—law. It is useful therefore to have fifteen of his articles, not all of which were easily accessible, collected in a single volume, together with a new Introduction. The themes that emerge in the Introduction serve to highlight some of the leitmotifs that occur in the articles that follow. In it, he sketches the development of fiqh as a discrete branch of Islamic learning and outlines some of the characteristic Western approaches to its study. The theme of fiqh as a development independent of theology and formal ethical literature is one that occurs in several of the articles that follow. In “Die sündige gesunde Amme,” Johansen discusses in detail how the systematic reasoning of the jurists and the principle of judging according to only external appearances often led to a sharp distinction between religious ethics and legal rulings. This distinction is also the subject of “Le jugement comme preuve: preuve juridique et verité religieuse dans le droit islamique hanéfite.” Here, he shows how in Hanafi law only what is externally apparent is acceptable as evidence, and how legal proof depends on a formal procedure that recognizes a fixed hierarchy in the different forms of testimony. A consequence of this procedural formalism was that judgments could be unjust but nevertheless valid in law. The injustices that this distinction between legal and ethical norms could on occasion produce was something that the fuqaha¯ acknowledged. However, although a judgment could not be reversed, the aggrieved party could bring a new case with new evidence if a court's decision appeared unjust.
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Nadmilail, Azad Iqram, Mohd Effendi, Ewan Mohd Matore, and Siti Mistima Maat. "Measurement of Non-academic Attributes in the Situational Judgment Test as Part of School Teacher Selection: Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 21, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.5.14.
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The Situational Judgment Test (SJT) has become an increasingly well-known measurement method that is frequently used in various fields, especially for personnel selection, promotion, and professional development. The SJT also has a greater potential in relation to the selection of teachers in the education sector. Teacher selection aspects such as non-academic attributes, specifically the interpersonal and intrapersonal, are the focus of this study. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) consisting of a review protocol to determine the topic that has been researched and the method used for making revisions. The SLR approach has four phases: searching, screening, analysing, and the results with numerous criteria established. The review consists of seven studies on teacher selection using the SJT instrument over the past ten years during the period January 2012 to December 2021. Eight interpersonal attributes were obtained based on six previous studies, namely organisation, planning, empathy, communication, teaching, relationships with colleagues, counselling, and contingency. Meanwhile seven intrapersonal attributes were obtained, namely conscientiousness, mindset, emotion regulation, adaptability, enthusiasm and motivation, resilience, and professional ethics. The attributes found can be utilised as they are fundamental for teacher selection criteria. The previous studies employed the same attributes. However, the attributes should only be employed according to the suitability of the selection context being performed.
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Sundararajan, Malavika. "Ethical Case Analysis Template: Learning to Develop Ethical Values Through Practice." Journal of Business Ethics Education 17 (2020): 183–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jbee20201711.
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Ethical behaviors are taught in business classrooms using multiple methods, among which case studies are a standard method. However, when introduced at the undergraduate level, until students have developed a strong foundation in moral philosophy, a prescriptive case analysis template may help them build constructive mental models towards that foundation. The paper thus proposes a case analysis method template based on critical components identified in the Ethics literature that lead to ethical decision-making that can be used as a tool by teachers in Ethics in Business classrooms. The critical components entail the development of moral awareness by training the students to develop ethical values through practice. Students learn how to identify an ethical dilemma, analyze various stakeholder characteristics, explore ethical principles, and make moral judgments before recommending moral actions in each context. A sample case analysis is also provided for classroom use. The implications and value to educators, students, and managers are discussed.
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Machan, Tibor R. "Rand on Hume's Moral Skepticism." Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 9, no. 2 (2008): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41560361.
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Abstract This brief discussion argues that Ayn Rand misconstrued David Hume's famous "is/ought" gap, just as innumerable others have. Hume objected to deducing ought claims (or judgments or statements) from is claims and not to deriving the former from the latter. He was silent about this but his own work in ethics and politics suggests that he would agree that one can infer ethical, moral or political beliefs from an understanding of facts (such as those of history).
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Machan, Tibor R. "Rand on Hume's Moral Skepticism." Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 9, no. 2 (2008): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.9.2.0245.
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Abstract This brief discussion argues that Ayn Rand misconstrued David Hume's famous "is/ought" gap, just as innumerable others have. Hume objected to deducing ought claims (or judgments or statements) from is claims and not to deriving the former from the latter. He was silent about this but his own work in ethics and politics suggests that he would agree that one can infer ethical, moral or political beliefs from an understanding of facts (such as those of history).
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Mills, Kathy A., Bessie G. Stone, Len Unsworth, and Lesley Friend. "Multimodal Language of Attitude in Digital Composition." Written Communication 37, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 135–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088319897978.
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Communication using popular digital media involves understanding multimodal systems of appraisal for expressing attitude, which traditionally deals with emotions, ethics, and aesthetics in language. The formulation and teaching of multimodal grammars for attitudinal meanings in popular texts and culture is currently underresearched. This article reports findings from multisite qualitative research that developed students’ ability to use semiotic resources for communicating attitude multimodally. The research participants were 68 students (ages 9–11 years) from two elementary schools. Students learned how to use attitudinal language—affect, judgment, and appreciation—and applied this knowledge to multimodal design. The findings advance a leading system of appraisal for discourse by adapting the system to the multimodal communication of attitude in digital comic making in schooling. The research is significant because it demonstrates the potentials for augmenting students’ linguistic and visual semiotic resources to convey multimodal attitudinal meanings in contemporary communication.
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Nolder, Christine, and Tracey J. Riley. "Effects of Differences in National Culture on Auditors' Judgments and Decisions: A Literature Review of Cross-Cultural Auditing Studies from a Judgment and Decision Making Perspective." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 33, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50657.
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SUMMARY: Motivated by the growing cultural diversity of new hires in audit firms, this paper reviews the literature on cross-cultural differences in auditors' judgment and decision making (JDM). The overarching aim of the review is to summarize the current state of knowledge and compare our understanding of cross-cultural auditors' JDM with the broader cross-cultural JDM research in psychology to stimulate applied research. We develop a framework that categorizes those auditor judgments and decisions most likely affected by cross-cultural differences. The categories include auditors' confidence, risk and probability judgments, risk decisions, conflict decisions, and ethical judgments. We contribute to the cross-cultural audit research in four ways. First, we provide a framework by which future research can be synthesized within auditing and compared with psychology. Second, we recommend specific research questions to respond to both the gaps in extant literature and the changing multicultural environment of audit firms. Third, we advocate for an alternative theoretical approach beyond the examination of cultural traits. Finally, we argue that bicultural auditors represent an unexplored boundary condition on prior findings that warrants more immediate attention from audit researchers.
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,, Nikhat, and Zebun Nisa Khan. "Construction and Validation of Environmental Ethics Attitude Scale." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 7, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v7.n3.p9.
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The aim of the study is to assess the attitude of teachers towards environmental ethics and to develop ethics in them in case of lack of concern towards it. After reviewing so many relevant literatures the investigators considered the three dimensions of environmental ethics i.e., anthropocentrism, eco-centrism and bio-centrism and constructed 84 items based on these dimensions. Investigators consulted 15 experts from various educational and environmental fields for the content and face validity of scale. After expert judgment, 19 items were rejected for overall ambiguities while 65 items were selected for preliminary try-out of the scale over 100 teachers selected through Simple Random sampling technique. Final draft of the scale with 54 items was administered over 300 teachers both from eastern and western Uttar Pradesh. After final item analysis of Environmental Ethics Attitude Scale, 46 items were retained on the basis of the t-value, which was found significant (0.05 level of significance). Out of these 46 items, 34 are positive and 12 are negative statements. The reliability of the tool was 0.836 by Alpha Cronbach to check internal consistency of the tool and by Split Half Test was 0.734.
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Kim, Hyunsoo. "Suggestions for Ethical Decision-Making Model through Collaboration between Human and AI." J-INSTITUTE 8 (August 31, 2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/ai.2023.8.12.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and propose a model that allows humans and AI to collaborate in the process of making decisions about ethical issues. Due to AI's autonomy and mission performance capabilities, AI is sometimes viewed as an agent competing with humans. However, since the autonomy and mission performance capabilities of AI are applied at very diverse levels and areas, it is necessary to set certain categories and review their application. This study sought to reveal that more valid decisions can be made by collaborating between humans and AI in the category of ethical decision-making.
Method: This study uses methods of literature research and development research. First, using literature research to review various previous studies to understand the autonomy of AI in the relationship between humans and AI. Next, analyzing the meaning and characteristics of ethical judgment. Next, looking at a series of models that explain decision making. Second, using development research methods, for design and propose a model in which humans and AI appropriately collaborate in the process of making ethical decisions.
Results: The results of this study reveal the following points. First, the results of ethical decision-making by humans and AI involve greater responsibility and related issues than the results of general decision-making. Second, in order to solve these problems, it is necessary to utilize collective intelligence through collective decision-making and at the same time distribute responsibility. Third, as a public and collective entity functioning as a committee, humans become the subjects of final judgment and responsibility, and AI must play a role in actively and functionally assisting such judgment. Fourth, this decision-making process needs to be presented in the form of a model as a principle that can be applied to various specific cases.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study suggests that effective and valid ethical decisions can be made through collaboration between humans and AI in the ethical communication process. And based on this, we present a collaboration model between humans and AI. This model consists of the following steps: First, AI should be actively involved in the process of exploring data sources, collecting data, storing data, and refining and analyzing data for ethical decisions. Second, ethical decisions based on this are made by a human community in the form of a committee as a group thinking process. Third, allow humans and AI to evaluate and exchange opinions on the results of these ethical judgments through mutual feedback and collaboration.
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Evans, Meg E., Rebecca M. Taylor, Laila McCloud, and Katherine Burr. "Exploring the role of faculty and staff mentors in fostering ethical leadership among undergraduate students: “We have to narrow the distance”." International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 11, no. 2 (October 22, 2021): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-09-2020-0058.
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PurposeThe purpose of this interdisciplinary study is to identify the aspects that faculty, student affairs educators and students indicate as salient for effective mentoring relationships that enhance ethical leadership development.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory qualitative inquiry used the Relational-Ethical-Affective-Dialogic (READ) mentoring model as a framework to examine the experiences of 13 undergraduate mentees and faculty/staff mentors in a formal mentoring program. Each study participant engaged in one semi-structured interview. Researchers coded and analyzed data using the sort and sift, think and shift process identifying power quotes to guide the thematic analysis.FindingsThe data collected in this study revealed insights into the aspects of mentor relationships that both undergraduate mentees and their mentors perceived as contributing to students' ethical leadership development. Salient elements included: (1) relational features of the mentee-mentor dynamic including trust and reciprocity; (2) structural features of the mentoring program including its focus on ethics; and (3) mentoring approaches that were attentive to power and positionality within the mentoring relationship and involved professional judgment about self-disclosure.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature by exploring effective mentoring for ethical leadership development across disciplines. With colleges and universities serving a vital role in preparing the next generation of leaders for ethical engagement in their democratic and professional roles after graduation, it is imperative to broaden our understanding of how faculty and staff can support students' ethical leadership development.
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Karoui-Elounelli, Saloua. ""A Novel … invested with a Desperate and Aching Significance": Poetics and Ethics of Fragmentariness in Blue Pastoral by Gilbert Sorrentino." Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 80, no. 2 (June 2024): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arq.2024.a932223.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The potential of radical narrative discontinuity in parodic Postmodern metafiction urges a rethinking of the value of literary meaningfulness and totality in this vein of experimental literature. The poetics of radical narrative discontinuity in Blue Pastoral (1983), induced by a multi-faceted fragmentariness, is discussed as indicative of Postmodern metafiction's experimental drive and its avant-gardist ethos. The focus will be on the play of narrative fissures, as well as on the technique of verbal montage/collage. The articulation of narrative laterality enhances the parodic perversion of the quest plot, in addition to the traditional forms of the pastoral. The ethical implications of the fragmentary in Blue Pastoral and their rootedness in the narrative's anti-representational quality are examined through readerly interpretation and judgment, with the value of literary meaning re-appraised in terms of surface, and the communicative impetus of the metafictional text articulated in terms of both complicity and a demystifying critical distance.