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Journal articles on the topic 'Judea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Bourgel, Jonathan. "Reconnaissances1.27–71, ou la réponse d'un groupe judéo-chrétien de Judée au désastre du soulèvement de Bar-Kokhba." New Testament Studies 61, no. 1 (December 3, 2014): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688514000228.

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This article discusses two characteristics of the Jewish-Christian source inRecognitions1.27–71, namely its fierce opposition to sacrifices and its emphasis on the historical ties between the Jews and the land of Judea. There is reason to think that this document expresses the reaction of Jewish-Christians of Judaea to the disaster of the Bar-Kokhba uprising. On the one hand, they considered the military defeat and its consequences as a divine punishment for the rebels’ attempt to renew the sacrificial cult; and, on the other hand, they fought the paganisation of Judea by defending the historical right of the Jews to possess this land.

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2

Atkinson, Kenneth. "Judean Piracy, Judea and Parthia, and the Roman Annexation of Judea: The Evidence of Pompeius Trogus." Electrum 29 (October 21, 2022): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.22.009.15779.

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Pompey the Great’s 63 BCE conquest of the Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonean State has traditionally been viewed as an inevitable event since the Roman Republic had long desired to annex the Middle Eastern nations. The prevailing consensus is that the Romans captured the Hasmonean state, removed its high-priest kings from power, and made its territory part of the Republic merely through military force. However, Justin’s Epitome of the Philippic Histories of Pompeius Trogus is a neglected source of new information for understanding relations between the Romans and the Jews at this time. Trogus’s brief account of this period alludes to a more specific reason, or at least, circumstance for Pompey’s conquest of Judea. His work contains evidence that the Jews were involved in piracy, of the type the Republic had commissioned Pompey to eradicate. In addition to this activity that adversely affected Roman commercial interests in the Mediterranean, the Jews were also involved with the Seleucid Empire and the Nabatean Arabs, both of whom had dealings with the Parthians. Piracy, coupled with Rome’s antagonism towards the Parthians, negatively impacted the Republic’s attitude towards the Jews. Considering the evidence from Trogus, Roman fears of Jewish piracy and Jewish links to the Republic’s Parthian enemies were not unfounded.

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3

Ilan, Tal. "Premarital Cohabitation in Ancient Judea: The Evidence of the Babatha Archive and the Mishnah (Ketubbot1.4)." Harvard Theological Review 86, no. 3 (July 1993): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000031229.

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This article discusses one aspect of matrimonial practice in second-century CE Judea: whether a man and a woman could or would cohabit before they were officially married. I shall examine a marriage contract from the Babatha archive discovered in the Judean desert; this contract contains a clause that specifies that a couple had lived together for some time before the marriage contract was drawn up. This statement may be perceived as contradicting the picture of matrimonial practices derived from Jewish legal sources. In dealing with such contradictions it is possible to adopt either an apologetic or a provocative approach. This article professes to apply a provocative approach to the problem by accepting the content of this clause at face value and suggesting a fresh interpretation to a passage from the Mishnah. This mishnah attests different matrimonial practices in Galilee and Judea and suggests that premarital cohabitation was sometimes practiced in Judea, but certainly not in Galilee. The Palestinian Talmud interprets the mishnah, obviously apologetically, by assigning the Judean practice of premarital cohabitation to the aftermath of the Bar Kokhbah revolt, as a result of the imposition of thejus primae noctis(“the right of the first night”). The contract from the Babatha archive predates the Bar Kokhbah revolt, however, and thus attests a Judean practice of premarital cohabitation that is not connected to the Roman decree. In the article I shall suggest two possible interpretations for this practice. I shall conclude by arguing that thejus primae noctisin Jewish sources belongs, as has been shown for all other instances of the motif, to folklore and not to history.

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4

Álvarez Cineira, David. "El impuesto al César (Mc 12,13-17) y la labor redaccional del evangelista." Estudio Agustiniano 47, no. 3 (September 5, 2021): 449–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53111/estagus.v47i3.215.

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La anexión de Judea al Imperio supuso el pago del impuesto de capitación, cuya exacción era realizada por la administración religiosa judía. No estaba estipulado que su contribución se efectuara en metálico, pudiéndose realizar con monedas de bronce, monedas de Tiro o, incluso, mediante productos agrícolas (grano...). Además, los estudios numismáticos han corroborado que la monetización romana de denarios era escasa en Judea para esta época, lo cual haría inviable que los judíos pudieran abonar el impuesto en denarios imperiales. La mención del “denario” y de los “hero- dianos” en el relato de Me 12,13-17 se debe a la labor editorial del evangelista o de la comunidad de Roma, quien reelabora un logion de Jesús para afrontar una imposición: la tributación del fiscus Iudaicus en la capital del imperio.

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5

Lash, Mordechay, Yossi Goldstein, and Itzhaq Shai. "תרומתו של שר המדע והפיתוח יובל נאמן לקידום המחקר הארכיאולוגי ביהודה ושומרון." Judea and Samaria Research Studies 31, no. 1 (2022): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26351/jsrs/31-1/3.

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In addition to his stellar scientific career, Prof. Yuval Ne'eman devoted many years to public service. At the beginning of the 1980s, Ne'eman joined the political arena, through which he sought to actualize his ideological beliefs, such as by helping to establish dozens of Jewish settlements in Juda and Samaria. This article explores his contribution to the advancement of archeological research in Judea and Samaria, which stemmed from his desire to strengthen Israel's ties to this patrimony. Recentlyreleased archival files reveal his substantial behind-the-scenes activity in this field. He established and headed the Israel Ministry of Science and Development, which carried out surveys and excavations in peripheral areas, particularly in Judea and Samaria. His decisive contribution resulted in an unprecedented research drive in this region. Governmental backing, public support, and prevailing calm in terms of security, encouraged senior Israeli archeologists to participate in archeological research over the Green Line, although they could have done so for the preceding 15 years. The result was a golden age of archeology in Judea and Samaria, which has not recurred up to the present day (2021).

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6

Klein, Eitan, Ayelet Levy-Reifer, Amir Ganor, Gideon Goldenberg, and Ilan Hadad. "“They Shall Come into the Hollows of the Earth” (Isa 2:19): Bar Kokhba-Period Hiding Complexes at Biblical Tels—Tel Lavnin as a Case Study." Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology 3, no. 1 (October 13, 2022): 14–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52486/01.00003.3.

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Hiding complexes in Judea have been objects of considerable scholarly interest since the 1970s. By now, we are well acquainted with their main features and spatial distribution. Most hiding complexes in the Judean foothills were cut beneath the houses in Jewish villages. They were entered via shafts carved out of the nari rock, leading to underground passages quarried in the soft chalk beneath. Following recent intensive looting at Tel Lavnin, a site located in ‘Adullam Park, south of the Ela Valley, inspectors of the Antiquities Theft Prevention Unit of the Israel Antiquities Authority documented three hiding complexes. In this paper, we present these hiding complexes and the objects discovered in them. We discuss these complexes’ special architectural features and ponder why particular architectural methods were chosen. We then compare the complexes of Tel Lavnin to complexes documented elsewhere in Judea. We propose that they constitute an architectural subtype of hiding complexes from the Bar Kokhba Revolt and predict that others like them will be discovered in the future.

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7

Avisar, D., J. Kronfeld, J. Kolton, E. Rosenthal, and G. Weinberger. "The Source of the Yarkon Springs, Israel." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2B (2001): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200041461.

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Radiocarbon and tritium analyses are used to show that the accepted conceptual hydrological model of the Yarkon-Taninim aquifer is untenable. The conventional model would have the groundwater flow in the carbonate Judea Group aquifer from the Beer Sheva region in the south to discharge at the Yarkon springs. Moreover, the conventional model considers the Judea Group aquifer to be a single hydrological entity. However, analysis of the Yarkon springs and surrounding wells demonstrate that it is stratified into upper and lower aquifers.The water in the deeper aquifer is fresher, cooler and younger compared to the water in the overlying aquifer. The deeper aquifer water type is identical in composition to the Ca-Mg-HCO3 Judean Hills recharge water immediately to the east. It is this recharge water that is dominant at the Yarkon Springs. There appears to be no derived appreciable contribution of groundwater from the Beersheva region in the south. Thus the currently accepted hydrologic model is in need of serious revision. The present study introduces new and high quality groundwater resources to be target for exploitation.

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8

Singpurwalla, Nozer D. "Rejoinder to Judea Pearl." International Statistical Review / Revue Internationale de Statistique 70, no. 2 (August 2002): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1403906.

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9

Pearl, Judea. "Interview with Judea Pearl." Observational Studies 8, no. 2 (October 2022): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/obs.2022.0007.

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10

Singpurwalla, Nozer D. "Rejoinder to Judea Pearl." International Statistical Review 70, no. 2 (August 2002): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-5823.2002.tb00359.x.

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11

Rozenberg, Silvia. "WALL PAINTERS IN HERODIAN JUDEA." Near Eastern Archaeology 77, no. 2 (June 2014): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5615/neareastarch.77.2.0120.

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12

OTSUKA, Jun. "Judea Pearl, Causality, 2nd ed." Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science 39, no. 2 (2012): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.39.2_109.

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13

Ecker, Avner, and Boaz Zissu. "The Boule of Baitolethepha (Beit-Nattif): Evidence for Village and Toparchy Administration in Judea." Journal for the Study of Judaism 51, no. 4-5 (March 19, 2020): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12511287.

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Abstract A clay seal from the collection of the late professor Dan Barag bears an inscription The Boule of Baitolethepha. The village of Baitolethepha (Beit-Nattif/Pella) was the administrative center of a Toparchy in Judea. This seal seems to prove that central toparchy villages, at least in Roman period Judea, had local councils called boulai and that this type of institution was not exclusive to poleis.

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14

Gavrieli, Ittai, Joseph Guttman, Yoseph Yechieli, Firas Talhami, and Avihu Burg. "A highly active karstic aquifer bounded by saline waters: The Judea Group aquifer." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199807008.

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The freshwater of the Judea Group aquifer that recharges on the crest of the Judea and Samria Mountain ridge flows east and west, defining two groundwater basins. At the foothills of both basins the freshwater encounters ancient saline or brackish water. The mode of interaction between the two water bodies within each basin is different, although both eventually discharge as brackish spring system. We describe these systems and identify the source of the higher salinity end members.

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15

Liebowitz, Etka. "Josephus’s Ambivalent Attitude towards Women and Power." Journal of Ancient Judaism 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2015): 182–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00602003.

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Scholars have long been bewildered by Josephus’s contradictory accounts of the reign of Queen Alexandra (76–67 B. C. E.), the only independent female Hasmonean ruler. While portraying her as a wise, skillful, and beloved ruler, Josephus also harshly criticizes her reign, holding her responsible for the downfall of Judea. A critical feminist historiographic approach to philological and textual analyses of Alexandra’s portrayal in Judean War and Judean Antiquities allows us to resolve this tension, by situating the case of Queen Alexandra within the context of Jewish history, Greco-Roman history, and gender discourse. Additional factors impacting upon Josephus’s differing evaluations of Queen Alexandra in War and Antiquities include cultural conditions, in particular the different attitudes of Roman and Hellenistic society toward women in power, and the challenge presented to traditional male political structures by the transfer of power to a female monarch. This finding may also contribute to a better understanding of portrayals of other leading women in antiquity.

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16

Fox, Christopher. ""Is Judea, Then, the Teutons’ Fatherland?"." Idealistic Studies 45, no. 2 (2015): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/idstudies20161646.

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17

Woodward, James. "CRITICAL NOTICE: CAUSALITY BY JUDEA PEARL." Economics and Philosophy 19, no. 2 (October 2003): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267103001184.

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This is a wonderful book; indeed, it is easily one of the most important and creative books I have ever read on the subject of causation and causal inference. Causality is impressive on many levels and should be of great interest to many different audiences. Philosophers will find of particular interest Pearl's defense of what might be described as a broadly manipulationist or interventionist treatment of causation: Causal claims have to do with what would happen under ideal, suitably surgical experimental manipulations (‘interventions’). But Pearl moves far beyond philosophical generalities on this theme: He makes the case for the approach that he favors by developing a formal apparatus (‘a calculus of interventions’, as he calls it) for talking about interventions and how they relate to causation and information about probabilities that is at once both intuitively compelling and genuinely useful for purposes of calculation and estimation. He also actively engages the philosophical literature on causation at many points – for example, there are illuminating discussions of evidential decision theory, of probabilistic theories of causation of the sort favored by Eells and Cartwright, of Lewisian counterfactual theories of causation, and of the relationship between so-called type and token causal claims, as well as a quite novel treatment of the latter.

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18

Miserachs García, Sergio, and Lorena Castillo Campillo. "Los inicios y primeras localizaciones de la Legio II Traiana Fortis." Gladius 38 (October 26, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gladius.2018.06.

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Las legiones romanas altoimperiales eran unidades militares con gran movilidad a las que se requería que se desplazaran rápidamente allá donde su emperador ordenara y por lo tanto algunas de ellas no tuvieron asignado un asentamiento definitivo durante mucho tiempo. Analizamos y discutimos las posibles primeras localizaciones de la Legio II Traiana Fortis, la segunda legión fuerte de Trajano, una legión que, hasta su asentamiento definitivo en Egipto, fue acuartelada en Judea. Analizando la evidencia arqueológica y epigráfica actual, concluimos en qué año exacto fue transferida a Judea y qué legiones cambiaron de localización en Egipto y Oriente Próximo durante los primeros años de mandato de Adriano

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19

Didelez, Vanessa, and Iris Pigeot. "Judea Pearl: Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference." Politische Vierteljahresschrift 42, no. 2 (June 2001): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11615-001-0048-3.

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20

Vámos, T. "Judea pearl: Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems." Decision Support Systems 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(92)90038-q.

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21

TRÍAS MERCANT, Sebastià. "Judíos y cristianos: la apologética de la tolerancia en el «Llibre del gentil»." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 5 (October 1, 1998): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v5i.9682.

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In order to understand Llullian apologetics of tolerance we must situate the Llibre del gentil (1274/76) within the context of the Mall orca of the three religions, that of the Judea-Christian disputes, of the JudeaMuslim sectarisms, of the schism and of the Christian heterodoxies. Only by taking all this into account, can we study in Llullian apologetics concepts such as "tolerance of benevolence" or "rational tolerance". Llullian apologetics doesn't try to change a belief by another but to lay the bridge of rational tolerance to understand the truth of faith in the search of the utopia of religious unity. The aim would be therefore, to look for a solution to the Judeo Christian conflict of messianism, by means, for example, of a rapprochement through the common concept of hope, even though respecting the semantic differences of both systems of thought.

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22

Melamed, Alexander. "A New Perspective on the Research of the Underground Complexes in Light of the Excavations at Nesher-Ramla Quarry." Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology 3, no. 2 (2022): 164–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.52486/01.00003.10.

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The Nesher-Ramla Quarry (el-Khirbe), located in the northwestern part of the Judean Foothills (Shefela), has been the site of one of the most extensive and long-lasting salvage excavations in Israel, conducted over almost two decades. During this time, dozens of hiding complexes were uncovered. The author has recently published a detailed review of these findings in a separate monograph. The present article summarizes the typology of the Nesher-Ramla hiding complexes and discusses their dating and function. Although similar to hundreds of other hiding complexes in Judea and the Galilee, the subterranean complexes at Nesher-Ramla Quarry and elsewhere clearly predate the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Nesher-Ramla Quarry’s outstanding contribution derives from the scale of its excavations and recovered finds, indicating that these underground complexes may have had a history and a function somewhat different than previously believed.

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23

Livyatan Ben-Arie, Reut. "A Destruction Layer from the Hellenistic Period at Tel Shiloh." In the Highland's Depth 11, no. 1 (2021): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26351/ihd/11-1/3.

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Excavations at Tel Shiloh revealed a building from the end of the third century BCE. The building was destroyed violently in the middle of the second century BCE. Based on the archaeological context, its relationship with later buildings and other finds from the period in its vicinity, it can be determined that its occupants were gentiles. Shiloh is located between Judea and Samaria, in an area included in different administrative districts at different times during the Second Temple period. In the Persian and Early Hellenistic periods, this area was outside the Land of Judea, but at the end of the Second Temple period it was within the Province of Judea. Historical sources indicate that the population on the eve of the Hasmonean Revolt was heterogeneous; during the revolt there were conflicts between the various ethnic groups. Edomites are mentioned by several sources as being in the area, and Jewish localities are also implied. Discharged Seleucid soldiers may have settled in the area as well, as they did in western Samaria. In any case, it is clear that the foreign settlement in Shiloh was destroyed in a violent confrontation. Based on its dating, the destruction must be attributed to the conquests of Jonathan and Simeon as part of the expansion of the borders of the Hasmonean state.

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24

Kaplan, Jonathan. "The Chronography of Daniel 9 and Jubilees in the Shadow of the Seleucid Era." Journal of Ancient Judaism 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2019): 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-01002002.

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The Levitical jubilee cycle was originally a chronological structure for marking the progress of sabbatical and jubilee years. In the second century B.C.E., the writers of Daniel 9 and the book of Jubilees were among the first to transform the jubilee cycle into a mode of conceptualizing the pro¬gress of history and the place of the Judean people in that history. In this article, I examine their adaptations of this cycle as a way to structure time and reflect on the progress of history. I argue that they employed this structure as an epochal mode of chronicling history in imitation of the Seleucid Era. In this context, the Levitical jubilee emerges, alongside other chronographic strategies such as the Danielic four empires schema and the ten weeks of the Apocalypse of Weeks, in order to construct an alternative to the Seleucid Era for understanding the history of Judea and its people.

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Carmi, Israel, Joel Kronfeld, Yoseph Yechieli, Elisabetta Boaretto, Miryam Bar-Matthews, and Avner Ayalon. "A Direct Estimate of the Initial Concentration of 14C in the Mountain Aquifer of Israel." Radiocarbon 46, no. 2 (2004): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035554.

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Five radiocarbon analyses were performed on 5 different sources within Soreq Cave, which was used as a model for the Judea Group Aquifer of Israel (pMCq0). The transit time of rainwater through the roof of the cave to sources within it had been determined with tritium. From this information, the year of deposition of rain on the roof of the cave, which later appeared in one of the sources, was estimated and the atmospheric 14C concentration at that time was ascertained (pMCa0). The parameter Q = pMCq0 / pMCa0 was found to be Q = 0.60 ± 0.04. This makes it possible to calculate the age of water in any well in the Judea Group Aquifer of Israel by measuring its 14C concentration (pMCqt) by use of the decay equation and applying Q.

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26

JACKSON, MACD P. "INDIA AND INDIAN OR JUDEA AND JUDEN? SHAKESPEARE'S OTHELLO V.ii.356, AND PEELE'S EDWARD I i.107." Notes and Queries 35, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/35-4-479.

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27

Mor, Uri. "Language Contact in Judea: How Much Aramaic is There in the Hebrew Documents from the Judean Desert?" Hebrew Studies 52, no. 1 (2011): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hbr.2011.0021.

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28

Ahearne-Kroll, Stephen P. "Jesus’s Death as Communal Resurrection in Mark Dornford-May’s 2006 Film Son of Man." Religions 13, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13070635.

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Instead of trying to recreate the ancient life of Jesus, Mark Dornford-May’s film Son of Man depicts many famous scenes from the gospels, reworked to tell the story of Jesus in the fictitious “Kingdom of Judea, Afrika” with the concerns of local and global poverty, violence, and imperialism. Jesus’s life turns when he directly challenges the Judean leadership, and his arrest, torture, and death reinterpret the dynamics of power from first century imperial Rome in brilliantly analogous fashion both for a localized South African setting and for global settings that struggle under violently repressive governments. Jesus’s death stands as the focal point of communal resurrection, inspiring Mary to challenge the oppression perpetrated by those in power. Jesus’s death serves to express the complexities of international injustice in South Africa and other countries in Africa and around the world, to embolden and unite an oppressed community, and to shine a light on a mother as the leader of this resurrected community.

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Raviv, Dvir, and Aharon Tavger. "The Artabba Fortress (E.P. 364): The Discovery of a Hasmonean-Herodian Fortress on the Northern Border of Judea." In the Highland's Depth 11, no. 1 (2021): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26351/ihd/11-1/4.

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The Artabba fortress, a site until recently unknown, is located at the summit of a high hill; its monumental remains were exposed by chance during development work carried out by residents of the nearby village of Deir Abu Mash’al. The remains included fortifications, architectural elements, five huge cisterns, ritual baths and storage pits, as well as various rock cuttings and numerous potsherds from the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. These finds, especially the fortifications and the impressive water-supply system, are the principal features of sites in the Judean Desert and the settled areas of the country where there were fortresses from the Second Temple period. The archaeological finds, in conjunction with geographical and historical information, make it possible to date the fortress to the time from the reign of Simeon the Hasmonean to the end of Herod’s reign. The discovery of the Artabba fortress sheds light on the history of settlement in northern Judea in the Second Temple period.

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Gordon, Benjamin D. "Health and the Origins of the Miqveh." Journal of Ancient Judaism 11, no. 3 (December 3, 2020): 418–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-12340017.

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Abstract Use of rock-cut stepped pools for immersion in harvested rainwater is first attested in Judean source material of the second century BCE and on archaeological record shortly thereafter. As argued here, the practice became widespread due to the impact of Greco-Roman ideas about health and well-being. Immersion of the body in water was seen in the Greek medical tradition as a beneficial activity; it balanced the humors, opened harmful blockages in the skin membrane, and helped facilitate unction. Once these ideas became widespread in Judea, local purification rituals followed, and began incorporating immersion in water. The rabbinic dichotomy between purification and cleansing was likely irrelevant for most Judeans in the late Second Temple period, who probably also saw immersion as beneficial for personal hygiene. For this reason, stepped pools nearly disappear from archaeological record with the rise of public bathhouses, which offered the convenience of large and well-maintained immersion pools in exchange for a fee.

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31

Lierman, John. "Josephus, Judea, and Christian Origins: Methods and Categories." Bulletin for Biblical Research 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26423972.

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32

Ross, William A. "Social and Economic Life in Second Temple Judea." Bulletin for Biblical Research 25, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26371420.

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33

Sharon, Nadav. "The Title Ethnarch in Second Temple Period Judea." Journal for the Study of Judaism 41, no. 4-5 (2010): 472–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006310x529254.

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AbstractThe title Ethnarch appears in Second Temple sources in reference to four Judean rulers: Simon the Hasmonean, John Hyrcanus, Hyrcanus II, and Archelaus, son of Herod. This evidence is usually taken for granted. However, a meticulous analysis of the sources shows that we should not rely on the evidence pertaining to the early Hasmoneans (Simon and John Hyrcanus), and it rather seems that the title was first employed only by the Romans (probably Julius Caesar) for Hyrcanus II. The paper further asserts that this title exemplifies a unique perception of the Jewish people by the Romans. Additionally, the paper notes some ramifications that this understanding of the title Ethnarch and the view which it exemplifies may have on certain issues of the Second Temple period.<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN0">*</xref>

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34

Mor, Uri. "Language Contact in Judea? Hebrew, Aramaic, and Punic." Dead Sea Discoveries 21, no. 2 (July 4, 2014): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685179-12341311.

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This paper examines a set of linguistic parallels between Judean Hebrew and Aramaic, on the one hand, and Punic and Late Punic, on the other, in order to examine J. T. Milik’s 1957 claim for a Hebrew-Phoenician koine in southern Palestine. The analysis of the evidence indeed indicates language contact (rather than parallel development), but does not support Milik’s notion of a southern koine.

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35

Fellows, Richard G. "Paul, Phoebe, Timothy, and Their Collections for Judea." Novum Testamentum 65, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10034.

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Abstract Studies of Paul’s collection(s) for Judea have suffered from the largely unexamined assumption that he wanted all regions to donate at the same time. Paul and Phoebe collaborated to organize a collection from Rome, and Paul anticipated a collection from Asia. There was likely a collection from Galatia several years before the collection from Macedonia and Achaia, and there is little reason to doubt the collection from Antioch. The silence of Acts concerning these collections is no argument against them, and it can be explained as a protective measure. We have no evidence that any of the collections were rejected.

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Bormann, Lukas. "Jüdische oder römische Perspektive? Neue Studien zum römisch dominierten Judäa – Ein kritischer Literaturbericht." Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 61, no. 2 (2009): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007309787838863.

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AbstractThis article reports on the most important results of recent studies published in German that deal with Roman-dominated Judea/Palestine and contextualizes them within international research. Publications by Monika Bernett, Werner Eck, Linda-Marie Günther, Achim Lichtenberger and Julia Wilker offer an equally intense examination of the sources, but significantly differ in their perspectives. The question behind the examination asks whether this region has developed in a particular manner that has been shaped and created by Jewish religion and culture, or whether it was a "normal" Roman province with a history shaped by the same circumstances and events as other parts of the Roman Empire. In the case of Judea, the findings of historical research are simultaneously at the center of contemporary legitimizing discourses. The discussion pleads for a cultural comparative historical investigation that critically questions the binary opposition of Jewish versus pagan.

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LYONS, HARRIET D. "Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America:Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America." American Anthropologist 108, no. 3 (September 2006): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.3.588.

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38

Dawid, Philip. "Decision-theoretic foundations for statistical causality: Response to Pearl." Journal of Causal Inference 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jci-2022-0056.

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Abstract I thank Judea Pearl for his discussion of my paper and respond to the points he raises. In particular, his attachment to unaugmented directed acyclic graphs has led to a misapprehension of my own proposals. I also discuss the possibilities for developing a non-manipulative understanding of causality.

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39

Corley, Jeremy. "Scribes, Visionaries, and the Politics of Second Temple Judea." Journal for the Study of Judaism 40, no. 3 (2009): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006309x443729.

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40

Tamari, Salim. "Eyeless in Judea: Israel's Strategy of Collaborators and Forgeries." Middle East Report, no. 164/165 (May 1990): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3012692.

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Taran, Mikhael. "EARLY RECORDS OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL IN ANCIENT JUDEA." Ibis 117, no. 1 (April 3, 2008): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1975.tb04192.x.

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42

Ratzon, Eshbal. "Jewish time: First stages of seasonal hours in Judea." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 75 (June 2019): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2018.11.003.

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43

Luyat, Anne. "Mapping Exile: The Route of the Judea in "Youth"." Conradiana 48, no. 2-3 (2016): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cnd.2016.0016.

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44

Guttman, J., J. Kronfeld, and I. Carmi. "Dating of Groundwater Recharge in Two Small Adjacent Aquifers in Israel and Their Initial 14C Activities." Radiocarbon 53, no. 1 (2011): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220003441x.

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Radiocarbon and tritium determinations were carried out in 2 adjacent small aquifers in Israel. These aquifers have small storage capacities and good hydraulic properties. Darcy calculations suggest that the aquifers contain young waters, ≃50 yr in age. 14C concentrations in the Pleistocene aquifer are between 23–60 pMC, with the lowest activity related to contamination by petroleum-based fertilizers with no 14C. 14C concentrations in the Judea Group aquifer range from 62 to 95 pMC. An apparent difference of ≃1000 yr is indicated for the average recharge age between the 2 aquifers. The tritium data suggests that the water in both aquifers is quite young. The 1000-yr difference is an artifact of initial isotopic fractionation differences through the unsaturated zone as established elsewhere for these 2 aquifers. When these individual fractionation factors (0.54 for the Pleistocene and 0.62 for the Judea Group) are used, it is revealed that both aquifers contain young water, in agreement with the Darcy calculation, which was recharged at the beginning of the period of thermonuclear atmospheric testing in the early 1960s.

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Abulafia, Anna Sapir. "Jewish Carnality in Twelfth-Century Renaissance Thought." Studies in Church History 29 (1992): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400011219.

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Disagreement between Jews and Christians about the meaning of the words of the Hebrew Bible is as old as the emergence of a Christian sect in Judea. The perennial debate on hermeneutics was not a simple bandying of words between two competing parties. What was discussed really mattered, for it gave expression to the essence of what separated Jew from Christian.

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Schwartz, Daniel R. "On Triads, Teleology, and Tensions in Antiquities 18–20." Religions 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11010041.

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Josephus liked to organize material in three-part structures, which imparted a sense of completion by indicating to readers that an end had been reached. This study focuses on Books 18–20 of Josephus’s Antiquities, which are organized as such a triad: Book 18 opens Roman rule in Judea and adumbrates the final clash and catastrophe, Book 19 creates some suspense by detailing two possible interruptions that could have changed the course of history but in the end came to nothing, and so Book 20 resumes the story from the end of Book 18 and takes it down to the destruction of Jerusalem. Moreover, all three books, together, form a unit in a larger triad: the story told, in the second half of Antiquities, of Judea’s move from sovereignty under the Hasmoneans (Books 12–14), to nominal sovereignty under Herod (Books 15–17), to subjugation to Rome (Books 18–20). This focus on political history is, however, contradicted in various ways, both by Josephus’s development from a Judean into a Jew of the Diaspora, who focused more on religion than on state, and by various sources used by Josephus, that pulled in other directions.

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Cerdá, Artemi, and Hanoch Lavee. "Escorrentía y erosión en los suelos del desierto de Judea." Geographicalia, no. 32 (April 4, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_geoph/geoph.1995321720.

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Los suelos del Desierto de Judea presentan unas elevadas tasas de escorrentía fruto de encharcamientos e inicios de escorrentía muy rápidos (1' 13"y 2' 03" respectivamente), tasas de infiltración final estable muy reducidas (7 mmh-1) y curvas de escorrentía de gran pendiente, alcanzándose la estabilidad de las tasas de escorrentía antes de los 20 minutos. Las tasas de erosión son elevadas debido a los grandes volúmenes de escorrentía y a la elevada erosionabilidad de los suelos, afectados por el pastoreo desde hace milenios. En cambio, la salinidad de la escorrentía es insignificante en relación con las sales acumuladas en los suelos. Los suelos menos afectados por el pastoreo (Ma'ale Adumin) generan elevados volúmenes de escorrentía, aunque la carga sólida es ínfima. Esto se debe al efecto positivo de las costras superficiales y a la abundancia de fragmentos de roca en la reducción de la erosionabilidad de los suelos. Los suelos más afectados por el pastoreo (Mishor Adumin) presentan costras alteradas y polvo depositado en las superficies, lo que da lugar a concentraciones de sedimentos en la escorrentía de hasta 10 g l-1, disparando las tasas de erosión hasta más de 400 g m2 h-1, y los coeficientes de escorrentía hasta 0,90. Los resultados demuestran la gran importancia de las costras biológicas sobre la hidrología y erosionabilidad de los suelos en ambientes semiáridos, así como la posibilidad de escorrentía superficial directa -hortoniana- durante las tormentas de elevada intensidad. El uso antrópico del suelo, en este caso el pastoreo, afecta los mecanismos de transformación de la lluvia en escorrentía, y con ello favorece el aumento de las tasas de erosión

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48

Fiensy, David A. "Book Review: Social and Economic Life in Second Temple Judea." Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 46, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146107916639214c.

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49

Sterling, Gregory E. "Book Review: Josephus, Judea, and Christian Origins: Methods and Categories." Theological Studies 71, no. 2 (May 2010): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056391007100212.

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50

Papalas, Anthony J. "Flavius Josephus: Eyewitness to Rome's First-Century Conquest of Judea." History: Reviews of New Books 23, no. 1 (July 1994): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1994.9950945.

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