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Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Rothenberg Pack, Janet. "JPAM's sixteenth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 16, no. 4 (1997): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199723)16:4<678::aid-pam18>3.0.co;2-a.

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2

Pack, Janet Rothenberg. "JPAM's seventeenth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 17, no. 4 (1998): 754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199823)17:4<754::aid-pam16>3.0.co;2-t.

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3

Pack, Janet Rothenberg. "JPAM's eighteenth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 18, no. 4 (1999): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199923)18:4<729::aid-pam18>3.0.co;2-n.

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4

Vernon, Raymond. "JPAM's second year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 2, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050020410.

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5

Vernon, Raymond. "JPAM'S third year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 3, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050030408.

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6

Weimer, David L. "JPAM's fifth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 5, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050050409.

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7

Weimer, David L. "JPAM's sixth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 6, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050060411.

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8

Weimer, David L. "Jpam's seventh year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 7, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050070407.

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9

Friedman, Lee S. "JPAM's ninth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 9, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050090408.

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Friedman, Lee S. "JPAM's tenth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 10, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050100411.

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11

Friedman, Lee S. "JPAM's eleventh year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 11, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050110409.

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12

Friedman, Lee S. "JPAM's twelfth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 12, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050120422.

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13

Friedman, Lee S. "JPAM's thirteenth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 13, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050130426.

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14

Pack, Janet Rothenberg. "JPAM's fifteenth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 15, no. 4 (September 1996): 700–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050150427.

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15

Wolf, Charles. "Remembering JPAM's first editor, Raymond Vernon." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 19, no. 2 (2000): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(200021)19:2<191::aid-pam1>3.0.co;2-z.

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16

Ramasamy, Lavanya, and Lima Rose Miranda. "Surface-Modified Adsorbent from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam Biomass to Confine Reactive Red 194 in Real and Synthetic Effluents: Kinetics and Equilibrium Study." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (April 16, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4129833.

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Chemical activation of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (jackfruit peel) via phosphoric acid was focused on this study for the preparation of activated carbon. Carbonization was done at a temperature of 400°C based on the nature of biomass after the impregnation ratio of 1 : 1 (weight of phosphoric acid/weight of raw material). Titanium dioxide was doped on the prepared activated carbon through the sol-gel method. Titanium dioxide doped activated carbon was synthesized to perceive the nature of adsorbents under ambient conditions. Both JPAC and JPAC/TiO2 adsorbents were characterized by the point of zero charges, Fourier transform of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Red 194 (Red 2BN) dye on jackfruit peel activated carbon (JPAC) is 32.271 mg/g, and JPAC/TiO2 is 34.900 mg/g was observed under optimum conditions. Desorption efficiency of JPAC/TiO2 (≥93.4%) is slightly higher compared to JPAC (≥89.2%). Tannery effluents of various parameters were analyzed, and their chemical oxygen demand (COD) values trim down within the permissible limits of JPAC (97%) and JPAC/TiO2 (98%). Experimental data were studied using both two-parameter and three-parameter models of adsorption isotherm, namely, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Toth, and Khan. In which the Langmuir isotherm ( R 2 = 0.9824 ) best described the experimental data with an optimum monolayer capacity for adsorption capacity of 49.7 mg/g at 323 K on Red 2BN molecules. A proposed scheme of Red 2BN molecules on the active sites of adsorbents was illustrated. Regeneration of spent carbons was studied through different cycles of the run.

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17

Weimer, David L. "JPAM reaches majority." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 21, no. 3 (2002): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.10049.

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18

Weimer, David L. "JPAM welcomes new editor." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 8, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050080301.

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19

Pack, Janet Rothenberg. "JPAM' s fourteenth year." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 14, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050140422.

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20

Ruhyana, Nugrahana Fitria, Mardianis Mardianis, Herlina Roseline, and Sekar Nur Wulandari. "Value Chain and Competitiveness of Manglayang Timur Java Preanger Arabica Coffee." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik 13, no. 1 (July 18, 2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v13i1.1932.

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To improve the competitiveness and business efficiency of Java Preanger Arabica Coffee (JPAC) from Mount Manglayang Timur, Sumedang Regency, West Java, information is needed regarding the coffee products flow from upstream to downstream, along with the problems faced by each component of the supply chains, the added value of coffee processing, and follow-up plan to develop the JPAC Manglayang Timur business. This study aimed to answer those questions. The research used a mixed-method, a descriptive approach to describe the coffee supply chains and developing plans, and the Hayami method to analyze the coffee value-added. This study was conducted in Sumedang Regency, the production center of JPAC Manglayang Timur. The researcher collected data from interviews, observation, and Focus Group Discussions with resource persons selected by purposive and snowball methods. The results showed 2 (two) JPAC supply chain patterns based on market orientation, namely exports and domestics. Business actors consisted of farmers, farmer groups, large traders/wholesalers, processing industries, cafes or coffee shops, and household consumers. The issues faced by the business actors were the limitations of agro-input and processing equipment, and the lack of marketing integration among business actors. Specialty coffee processed from JPAC Manglayang Timur, specifically the wine processed, has higher value-added than natural, fully-washed, and honey processed coffee. The capacity of coffee farmers needs to be improved o produce specialty coffee that can compete globally through the support of government regulations and synergy between stakeholders from upstream to downstream so that JPAC can become a superior commodity for Sumedang Regency.Keywords: supply chain, value-added, Java Preanger Arabica Coffee, Mountain Manglayang TimurAbstrakDalam upaya meningkatkan daya saing dan efisiensi usaha Kopi Arabika Java Preanger (KAJP) asal Gunung Manglayang Timur Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat, diperlukan informasi mengenai aliran produk dari hulu hingga hilir, berikut permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh setiap pelaku dalam rantai pasok, nilai tambah dari pengolahan kopi, dan rencana selanjutnya untuk mengembangkan usaha KAJP Manglayang Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab berbagai permasalahan tersebut di atas. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode campuran dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk menggambarkan rantai pasok dan rencana pengembangan usaha, serta metode Hayami digunakan untuk analisis nilai tambah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sumedang sebagai sentra produksi KAJP Manglayang Timur. Peneliti mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan Focus Group Discussion dengan narasumber yang dipilih secara purposive dan snowball. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat dua pola rantai pasok KAJP berdasarkan orientasi pasarnya, yaitu ekspor dan domestik. Pelaku usaha terdiri dari petani, kelompok tani, pedagang besar, industri pengolahan, kafe atau kedai kopi, dan konsumen rumah tangga. Permasalahan yang dihadapi pelaku usaha adalah keterbatasan agro input dan alat pengolahan, serta minimnya integrasi pemasaran antarpelaku usaha dalam rantai pasok. Kopi spesial yang diolah dari KAJP Manglayang Timur, khususnya yang diproses secara fermentasi, dapat memberikan nilai tambah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan proses pengolahan secara kering, basah, dan madu. Kapasitas petani kopi perlu terus ditingkatkan agar menghasilkan kopi spesial yang mampu bersaing di pasar global melalui dukungan regulasi pemerintah dan sinergi antar pemangku kepentingan dari hulu hingga hilir sehingga KAJP dapat menjadi komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Sumedang.Kata kunci: rantai pasok, nilai tambah, Kopi Arabika Java Preanger, Gunung Manglayang Timur

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21

Parkhouse, J. "JPAC: a test for manpower planning." BMJ 295, no. 6603 (October 10, 1987): 868–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6603.868.

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22

Pilloni, A. "Modeling new XYZ states at JPAC." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 770 (November 2016): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/770/1/012030.

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23

Rovira, Gerard, Atsushi Kimura, Shoji Nakamura, Shunsuke Endo, Osamu Iwamoto, Nobuyuki Iwamoto, Tatsuya Katabuchi, et al. "Neutron Filtering System for Neutron Capture Cross Section Measurement at the ANNRI beamline of MLF/J-PARC." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328406007.

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A neutron filtering system has been designed and implemented in the Accurate Neutron-Nucleus Reaction Measurement Instrument (ANNRI) beamline in the Materials and Life Science (MLF) facility of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) to bypass the effect of the double-bunch mode of JPARC by molding the incident neutron flux into quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams. Filter assemblies using Fe, Si and Cr as filter materials were analyzed by means of experimental analysis, together with Monte Carlo simulations. The characteristics of the filtered neutron beam are presented and discussed alongside its viability in future applications for neutron cross-section measurements in the keV neutron region.

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24

El-Saleh, Ayman A., Tareq M. Shami, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mohamad Y. Alias, and Ibraheem Shayea. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Joint Power and Admission Control in Cognitive Radio Networks Using Enhanced Swarm Intelligence." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020189.

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The problem of joint power and admission control (JPAC) is a critical issue encountered in underlay cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Moving forward towards the realization of Fifth Generation (5G) and beyond, where optimization is envisioned to take place in multiple performance dimensions, it is crucially desirable to achieve high sum throughput with low power consumption. In this work, a multi-objective JPAC optimization problem that jointly maximizes the sum throughput and minimizes power consumption in underlay CRNs is formulated. An enhanced swarm intelligence algorithm has been developed by hybridizing two new enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) variants, namely two-phase PSO (TPPSO) and diversity global position binary PSO (DGP-BPSO) variants employed to optimize the multi-objective JPAC problem. The performance of the enhanced swarm intelligence algorithm in terms of convergence speed and stability, while optimizing both the sum throughput and power consumption, is investigated under three different operational scenarios defined by their single objective priorities, which translate to sum throughput and power consumption preferences. Simulation results have proven the effectiveness of the enhanced swarm intelligence algorithm in achieving high sum throughput and low power consumption under the three operational scenarios when the network includes an arbitrary number of primary and secondary users. Comparing the hybrid SPSO approach and the proposed approach, the proposed scheme has shown its effectiveness in increasing the sum throughput to 7%, 16%, and 31% under the multimedia, balanced and power saving operational scenarios, respectively. In addition, the proposed approach is more power efficient as it can provide additional power savings of 3.58 W, 2.48 W, and 1.6741 W under the aforementioned operational scenarios, respectively.

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25

Yamaga, Takumi. "Experimental study of K̅NN and future experiments for kaonic nuclei." EPJ Web of Conferences 271 (2022): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227107001.

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Quasi-bound systems of antikaon and nucleus, K̅ -nuclei, have been considered as a natural extension of the interpretation that Λ(1405) is the K̅-N hadronic molecule. The lightest K̅-nucleus, K̅NN quasi-bound state, is particularly important to be investigated for confirmation of the existence of such an exotic nuclear state containing a meson. We conducted an experiment, JPARC E15, to search for K̅NN(Iz=+1/2) by the in-flight K− induced reaction on 3He, and finally observed a clear signal of K̅NN(Iz=+1/2) for the first time. To robustly confirm the existence of K̅-nuclei, we have planned systematic measurements for various K̅ -nuclei at J-PARC.

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26

Bardach, Eugene. "Announcement of new JPAM “Professional Practice” department." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 21, no. 1 (2002): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.1043.

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27

Bowen, Joanna, and Stuart Cox. "Registrars with research – the right stuff, or the wrong stuff?" Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 9 (September 1993): 540–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.9.540.

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A leading article in the British Medical Journal (Miller, 1992) comprehensively criticised the Joint Planning Advisory Committee (JPAC) for failing to implement the changes in manning levels needed for Achieving a Balance. This leader came as no surprise to psychiatric trainees, and nor did it offer much comfort. The ‘bottleneck’ between registrar and senior registrar has become a ‘log-jam’ and although prospects for trainee psychiatrists are not as bleak as for the unfortunate would-be thoracic physicians cited in the leader, they are bad enough. For example, when a single SR post in adult psychiatry was recently advertised for the NW Thames region, there were over 60 enquiries, 45 of which transformed into definite applications, even though the post offered was in a less than popular sub-speciality. Local selection committee members for NW Thames in other psychiatric specialities have also been surprised by the number of applicants. JPAC may not be entirely to blame: the economic recession may be a disincentive for consultants wishing to retire early, thus slowing-up career progression throughout the profession.

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28

Rodas, A. "Recent JPAC Analysis of $\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi $ Resonances." Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement 13, no. 1 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.13.45.

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29

Storer, David. "Recruitment into psychiatry." Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no. 3 (March 1996): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.3.177.

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The major problem of manpower planning in psychiatry has until fairly recently been one of securing enough posts in the training grades to place doctors wishing to train in psychiatry and to ensure an adequate supply of applicants for consultant posts. Numerous consultant vacancies and a ‘bottleneck’ between registrar and senior registrar grades was the frustrating combination largely consequent upon the failure of some regional health authorities to fund the posts which Joint Planning Advisory Committee (JPAC) had approved.

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30

Bools, Christopher, and David Cottrell. "Future child and adolescent psychiatrists: a further survey of senior registrar training." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 10 (October 1990): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.10.611.

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Child and adolescent psychiatry is a growing speciality. Significant increases in workload, the reasons for which have been described elsewhere (Black, 1989), have led to an expansion in consultant posts across the UK. Recently the Joint Planning and Advisory Committee (JPAC) reviewed senior registrar numbers and recommended an increase in the establishment by 38 whole-time equivalents in England and Wales, a rise of 38%, to meet the expected shortfall. How existing senior registrars, as well as this large number of new recruits, are trained is clearly a matter of some importance.

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31

Garmash, Olga, Matti P. Rissanen, Iida Pullinen, Sebastian Schmitt, Oskari Kausiala, Ralf Tillmann, Defeng Zhao, et al. "Multi-generation OH oxidation as a source for highly oxygenated organic molecules from aromatics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 515–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-515-2020.

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Abstract. Recent studies have recognised highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) in the atmosphere as important in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). A large number of studies have focused on HOM formation from oxidation of biogenically emitted monoterpenes. However, HOM formation from anthropogenic vapours has so far received much less attention. Previous studies have identified the importance of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for SOA formation. In this study, we investigated several aromatic compounds, benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), and naphthalene (C10H8), for their potential to form HOMs upon reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH). We performed flow tube experiments with all three VOCs and focused in detail on benzene HOM formation in the Jülich Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC). In JPAC, we also investigated the response of HOMs to NOx and seed aerosol. Using a nitrate-based chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CI-APi-TOF), we observed the formation of HOMs in the flow reactor oxidation of benzene from the first OH attack. However, in the oxidation of toluene and naphthalene, which were injected at lower concentrations, multi-generation OH oxidation seemed to impact the HOM composition. We tested this in more detail for the benzene system in the JPAC, which allowed for studying longer residence times. The results showed that the apparent molar benzene HOM yield under our experimental conditions varied from 4.1 % to 14.0 %, with a strong dependence on the OH concentration, indicating that the majority of observed HOMs formed through multiple OH-oxidation steps. The composition of the identified HOMs in the mass spectrum also supported this hypothesis. By injecting only phenol into the chamber, we found that phenol oxidation cannot be solely responsible for the observed HOMs in benzene experiments. When NOx was added to the chamber, HOM composition changed and many oxygenated nitrogen-containing products were observed in CI-APi-TOF. Upon seed aerosol injection, the HOM loss rate was higher than predicted by irreversible condensation, suggesting that some undetected oxygenated intermediates also condensed onto seed aerosol, which is in line with the hypothesis that some of the HOMs were formed in multi-generation OH oxidation. Based on our results, we conclude that HOM yield and composition in aromatic systems strongly depend on OH and VOC concentration and more studies are needed to fully understand this effect on the formation of HOMs and, consequently, SOA. We also suggest that the dependence of HOM yield on chamber conditions may explain part of the variability in SOA yields reported in the literature and strongly advise monitoring HOMs in future SOA studies.

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32

Bergström, R., M. Hallquist, D. Simpson, J. Wildt, and T. F. Mentel. "Biotic stress: a significant contributor to organic aerosol in Europe?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 24 (December 20, 2014): 13643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13643-2014.

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Abstract. We have investigated the potential impact on organic aerosol formation from biotic stress-induced emissions (SIE) of organic molecules from forests in Europe (north of lat. 45° N). Emission estimates for sesquiterpenes (SQT), methyl salicylate (MeSA) and unsaturated C17 compounds, due to different stressors, are based on experiments in the Jülich Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC), combined with estimates of the fraction of stressed trees in Europe based on reported observed tree damage. SIE were introduced in the EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from the SIE were taken from the JPAC experiments. Based on estimates of current levels of infestation and the JPAC aerosol yields, the model results suggest that the contribution to SOA in large parts of Europe may be substantial. It is possible that SIE contributes as much, or more, to organic aerosol than the constitutive biogenic VOC emissions, at least during some periods. Based on the assumptions in this study, SIE-SOA are estimated to constitute between 50 and 70 % of the total biogenic SOA (BSOA) in a current-situation scenario where the biotic stress in northern and central European forests causes large SIE of MeSA and SQT. An alternative current-situation scenario with lower SIE, consisting solely of SQT, leads to lower SIE-SOA, between 20 and 40 % of the total BSOA. Hypothetical future scenarios with increased SIE, due to higher degrees of biotic stress, show that SOA formation due to SIE can become even larger. Unsaturated C17 BVOC (biogenic volatile organic compounds) emitted by spruce infested by the forest-honey generating bark louse, Cinara pilicornis, have a high SOA-forming potential. A model scenario investigating the effect of a regional, episodic infestation of Cinara pilicornis in Baden-Württemberg, corresponding to a year with high production of forest honey, shows that these types of events could lead to very large organic aerosol formation in the infested region. We have used the best available laboratory data on biotic SIE applicable to northern and central European forests. Using these data and associated assumptions, we have shown that SIE are potentially important for SOA formation but the magnitude of the impact is uncertain and needs to be constrained by further laboratory, field and modelling studies. As an example, the MeSA, which is released as a consequence of various types of biotic stress, is found to have a potentially large impact on SIE-SOA in Europe, but different assumptions regarding the nighttime chemistry of MeSA can change its SOA potential substantially. Thus, further investigations of the atmospheric chemistry of MeSA and observational field studies are needed to clarify the role of this compound in the atmosphere.

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33

Linos, Elizabeth, Lisa T. Quan, and Elspeth Kirkman. "AWARD GIVEN BY THE VERNON PRIZE COMMITTEE FOR VOLUME 39 OF JPAM." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 40, no. 2 (March 2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.22294.

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34

Domina, Thurston, Deven Carlson, James Carter, Matthew Lenard, Andrew McEachin, and Rachel Perera. "AWARD GIVEN BY THE VERNON PRIZE COMMITTEE FOR VOLUME 40 OF JPAM." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 41, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.22378.

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35

Penny, S. "SI04 The Role of the JPAC Standing Advisory Committee on IT (SACIT)." Transfusion Medicine 16, s1 (October 2006): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00693_8.x.

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36

Sakai, Fumihiko. "Beat the stigma of primary headache disorders: Activities of JPAC and GPAC." Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience 8, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ncn3.12374.

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37

Duggan, Mark G., and Melissa Schettini Kearney. "Award given by the Vernon Prize Committee for Volume 26 of JPAM." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 28, no. 2 (December 2009): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.20432.

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38

Mincy, Ronald. "Award given by the Vernon Prize Committee for volume 28 of JPAM." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 29, no. 2 (March 2010): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.20501.

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39

Ehn, M., E. Kleist, H. Junninen, T. Petäjä, G. Lönn, S. Schobesberger, M. Dal Maso, et al. "Gas phase formation of extremely oxidized pinene reaction products in chamber and ambient air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2012): 4589–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4589-2012.

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Abstract. High molecular weight (300–650 Da) naturally charged negative ions have previously been observed at a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland. The long-term measurements conducted in this work showed that these ions are observed practically every night during spring and summer in Hyytiälä. The ambient mass spectral patterns could be reproduced in striking detail during additional measurements of α-pinene (C10H16) oxidation at low-OH conditions in the Jülich Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC). The ions were identified as clusters of the nitrate ion (NO3−) and α-pinene oxidation products reaching oxygen to carbon ratios of 0.7–1.3, while retaining most of the initial ten carbon atoms. Attributing the ions to clusters instead of single molecules was based on additional observations of the same extremely oxidized organics in clusters with HSO4− (Hyytiälä) and C3F5O2− (JPAC). The most abundant products in the ion spectra were identified as C105H14O7, C10H14O9, C10H16O9, and C10H14O11. The mechanism responsible for forming these molecules is still not clear, but the initial reaction is most likely ozone attack at the double bond, as the ions are mainly observed under dark conditions. β-pinene also formed highly oxidized products under the same conditions, but less efficiently, and mainly C9 compounds which were not observed in Hyytiälä, where β-pinene on average is 4–5 times less abundant than α-pinene. Further, to explain the high O/C together with the relatively high H/C, we propose that geminal diols and/or hydroperoxide groups may be important. We estimate that the night-time concentration of the sum of the neutral extremely oxidized products is on the order of 0.1–1 ppt (~106–107 molec cm−3). This is in a similar range as the amount of gaseous H2SO4 in Hyytiälä during day-time. As these highly oxidized organics are roughly 3 times heavier, likely with extremely low vapor pressures, their role in the initial steps of new aerosol particle formation and growth may be important and needs to be explored in more detail in the future.

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40

Ehn, M., E. Kleist, H. Junninen, T. Petäjä, G. Lönn, S. Schobesberger, M. Dal Maso, et al. "Gas phase formation of extremely oxidized pinene reaction products in chamber and ambient air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 11 (June 11, 2012): 5113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5113-2012.

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Abstract. High molecular weight (300–650 Da) naturally charged negative ions have previously been observed at a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland. The long-term measurements conducted in this work showed that these ions are observed practically every night between spring and autumn in Hyytiälä. The ambient mass spectral patterns could be reproduced in striking detail during additional measurements of α-pinene (C10H16) oxidation at low-OH conditions in the Jülich Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC). The ions were identified as clusters of the nitrate ion (NO3−) and α-pinene oxidation products reaching oxygen to carbon ratios of 0.7–1.3, while retaining most of the initial ten carbon atoms. Attributing the ions to clusters instead of single molecules was based on additional observations of the same extremely oxidized organics in clusters with HSO4− (Hyytiälä) and C3F5O2− (JPAC). The most abundant products in the ion spectra were identified as C10H14O7, C10H14O9, C10H16O9, and C10H14O11. The mechanism responsible for forming these molecules is still not clear, but the initial reaction is most likely ozone attack at the double bond, as the ions are mainly observed under dark conditions. β-pinene also formed highly oxidized products under the same conditions, but less efficiently, and mainly C9 compounds which were not observed in Hyytiälä, where β-pinene on average is 4–5 times less abundant than α-pinene. Further, to explain the high O/C together with the relatively high H/C, we propose that geminal diols and/or hydroperoxide groups may be important. We estimate that the night-time concentration of the sum of the neutral extremely oxidized products is on the order of 0.1–1 ppt (~106–107 molec cm−3). This is in a similar range as the amount of gaseous H2SO4 in Hyytiälä during day-time. As these highly oxidized organics are roughly 3 times heavier, likely with extremely low vapor pressures, their role in the initial steps of new aerosol particle formation and growth may be important and needs to be explored in more detail in the future.

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Bergström, R., M. Hallquist, D. Simpson, J. Wildt, and T. F. Mentel. "Biotic stress: a significant contributor to organic aerosol in Europe?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 9 (May 26, 2014): 13603–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-13603-2014.

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Abstract. We have investigated the potential impact on organic aerosol formation from biotic stress-induced emissions (SIE) of organic molecules from forests in Europe (North of Lat. 45° N). Emission estimates for sesquiterpenes (SQT), methyl salicylate (MeSA) and unsaturated C17-compounds, due to different stressors, are based on experiments in the Jülich Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC), combined with estimates of the fraction of stressed trees in Europe based on reported observed tree damage. SIE were introduced in the EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from the SIE were taken from the JPAC experiments. The estimated current-situation SIE in Central and Northern European forests are found to contribute substantially to SOA in large parts of Europe. It is possible that the SIE contributes as much, or more, to organic aerosol than the constitutive biogenic VOC-emissions, at least during some periods. Based on the assumptions in this study, SIE-SOA are estimated to constitute between 50 and 70% of the total biogenic SOA (BSOA) in a current-situation scenario where the biotic stress in Northern and Central European forests causes large SIE of MeSA and SQT. An alternative current-situation scenario with lower SIE, consisting solely of SQT, leads to lower SIE-SOA, between 20 and 40% of the total BSOA. Hypothetical future scenarios with increased SIE, due to higher degrees of biotic stress, show that SOA formation due to SIE can become even larger. Unsaturated C17-BVOCs emitted by spruce infested by the forest honey generating bark louse Cinara pilicornis have a high SOA-forming potential. A model scenario investigating the effect of a regional, episodic infestation of Cinara pilicornis in Baden-Württemberg, corresponding to a year with high production of forest honey, shows that these types of events could lead to very large organic aerosol formation in the infested region. We have used the best available laboratory data on biotic SIE applicable to Northern and Central European forests. Using these data and associated assumptions we have shown that SIE are important for SOA formation but the magnitude of the impact is uncertain and needs to be constrained by further laboratory, field and modelling studies. As an example, the MeSA, which is released as a consequence of various types of biotic stress, is found to have a potentially large impact on SIE-SOA in Europe but e.g. different assumptions regarding the nighttime chemistry of MeSA can change its SOA potential substantially. Thus, further investigations of the atmospheric chemistry of MeSA and observational field studies are needed to clarify the role of this compound in the atmosphere.

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Okahata, Hiroyasu, Rika Okano, Atsushi Ono, Yasuhiro Kato, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Tetsuro Kitamura, Nobutaka Sasaki, et al. "Surveys of pediatric asthma patients using Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Program (JPAC) in Hiroshima area in 2008 and 2012." Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 32, no. 5 (2018): 785–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.32.785.

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Latif, Mohamad Adib Syahmi, Fazilah Ariffin, Rudiyanto, Shahrul Ismail, Noorazrimi Umor, Abu Zahrim Yaser, and Zaharah Ibrahim. "Decolorization of Synthetic Azo Dyes under Anaerobic Condition in A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.2.10.

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Biological treatment for textile wastewater always has a limitation in term of time of reaction and uncertainty along the process. This study focused on the decolorization of synthetic azo dyes in batch reactors with controlled thermotolerant anaerobic conditions. Less-volatile digested sludge collected from a palm oil biogas reactor was used as the organic biodegradation agent for azo dyes. Digested sludge contains high amounts of microbes with uncertain species viable for decolorization purposes. Sodium acetate trihydrate (C2H9NaO5) was used as carbon source and mixed with a specific composition of minimum salt media (MSM) in batch reactors as an additional nutrient. Digested sludge both in mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (55°C) conditions were found to be capable of decolorizing 100, 200 and 300 ppm of three types of azo dyes: Reactive Green 19 (45.56%, 69.73%; 63%, 73.49%; 70.02%, 75.92%), Reactive Orange 16 (46.08%, 78.4%; 64.21%, 85.52%; 74.95%, 85.91%) and Reactive Red 120 (29.11%, 85.32%; 63.35%, 87.69%; 72.02%, 89.5%) respectively after 7 days incubation time. Statistical analysis also showed that the anaerobic thermophilic conditions had significantly accelerated the decolorization process. The anaerobic thermophilic environment will be a good factor to include in future textile wastewater treatment plants.

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Bawazeer, Saud, Abdur Rauf, Humaira Naz, Syed Uzair Ali Shah, Dania Saad Waggas, Jawad Ali, Yahia N. Mabkhot, Faryal, and Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. "Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity Profiling of Gold Nanoparticles of Trachyspermum ammi Crude Extract." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.2.11.

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Trachyspermum ammi seeds were selected for photochemical study. The crude T. ammi methanol and aqueous extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, betacyanins, flavonoids and soluble starch. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using T. ammi extract was characterized using UV-visible, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The appearance of sharp peak at 520 nm in the UV visible spectra, and the appearance of broad band nanoparticles spectra at 563.21 cm-1, 516.92 cm-1 and 462.92 cm-1 as well as the disappearance of the carboxyl OH bond and carbon-carbon triple bond supported the formation of AuNPs. The crude T. ammi methanol and AuNPs were investigated for antioxidant potential using DPPH· free radical assay, which shows that crude extract has significant antioxidant effect. The synthesized AuNPs was also evaluated for antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis. The crude extract showed activity against Bacillus subtilis, while AuNPs showed activity against staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo sedative effect and analgesic effect were enhanced in AuNPs treated animals in 5 times less dose (i.e., 5, and 10 mg/kg) than that of crude extract. It was concluded that T. ammi extract include capping and reducing agents, which make it capable to be developed as stable AuNPs. The biological action of AuNPs is either enhanced (sedative and analgesic) or changed (antibacterial activity), when compared with that of plant extract.

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Aruna, S., and Sriramulu Gobikrishnan. "Organosolvent Extraction Coupled with Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Wild Sugarcane and Optimization of Cellulase Activity using Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.06.

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The present study focuses on the effect of the organosolvent extraction with steam explosion pretreatment and optimization of cellulase activity using the response surface methodology for the production of bioethanol. The commercial cellulase enzyme was characterized for its optimal pH, temperature, and also studied for the enzyme activity. The effect of organosolvent pretreatment was identified in both native and pretreated wild sugarcane by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The cellulase enzyme was found to be tolerant with an optimal pH of 5.0 with cellulase activity of pretreated wild sugarcane is found to be 25.36 IU/ml. Organosolvent extraction of wild sugarcane was carried out using water and ethanol as solvent. The composition of lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose was also determined in both pretreated and native biomass. The activity of the enzyme was observed over the effect of enzyme loading, substrate loading, temperature, and pH using a Box-Behnken design.

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Al-Qahtani, Awad Mohammed, Heba A. Ibrahim, Wafaa T. Elgzar, Nahid K. Elfeki, Mohammed Ashique K. Shaikh, Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh, Salihah Y. Al Mani, et al. "Self-efficacy for taking Preventive Measures against COVID-19 among Undergraduate University Students in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.08.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed various stresses on individuals and communities. Coping with sudden, tense, demanding situations during an infectious disease outbreak requires self-efficacy. Increasing the public’s self-efficacy for preventive and control measures is important in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was aimed at evaluating the self-efficacy and associated factors of students at a public university in the southwest region of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study, and a snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. Data were collected from the beginning of April to the end of June 2020 using an online questionnaire. A total of 761 students were included in the study. The participants’ demographic data were collected, and self-efficacy was analyzed using the General Self-efficacy Scale. The results showed that self-efficacy for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic was moderate in almost half of the students but was low in approximately 25% of the participants. There were statistically significant associations between self-efficacy regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and gender, college type, marital status, and family income (p < 0.05). However, the participants’ self-efficacy was not associated with age, residence, or history of chronic illness. In dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, most students had either moderate or low self-efficacy. Certain demographic variables were positively associated with self-efficacy as perceived by the students. These findings provide data central to the development of self-efficacy initiatives. They may also be useful for the effective implementation of public health preventive behavior programs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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El-Mekkawy, Rasha M., Taghreed N. Almanaa, Marwa A. Yassin, Gamal Rabie, and Noha Saleh. "Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Biosynthesized by Aspergillus flavus KF946095; their Characterization and Antibacterial Activity." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.05.

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The antimicrobial agents of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been applied a little while back in diverse therapeutic studies. In this analysis, AgNPs were biosynthesized using an ecologically welcomed and cost-effective simple of bio-reduction. An isolate of Aspergillus flavus KF946095 (A. flavus) was found to biosynthesize AgNPs; the size of AgNPs was (56nm) and detected by UV-Vis analysis at (400 nm). The reducing properties for biosynthesis of AgNPs are mainly due to the protein functional surface reactive groups detected by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Whereas, FTIR for AgNPs showed different peaks at 3994.5, 3201.6, 1801.4, 1643.2 and 1604.7 cm-1 that shared with the biosynthesize and stability of AgNPs as protein capping agents. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) confirmed the scattering of biosynthesized AgNPs within a sol with oval and round shapes. The antibiotic susceptibility test was studied for some pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus DSM 1104 (S. aureus) appeared to be the more resistant strain; it resisted the action of 6 antibiotics out of 8 ones tested. MIC value of AgNPs was 20µg/mL and antibiotic ciprofloxacin was 30µg/mL. Mixture of MIC values or double MIC values distinctively inhibited the multidrug resistant (MDR) S.aureus.

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Bhardwaj, Ankur, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, and Gajendra Bahadur Singh. "Identification and Characterization of Arsenic Transforming Bacillus Species from Abandoned Mining Regions of Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.12.

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The arsenic (As) comprehensiveness in nature has aggravated the expansion of arsenic fortification and detoxification components in microorganisms. Many microorganisms discovered today with ability to oxidize arsenite (As3+) into arsenate (As5+) or reduce As5+ to As3+. In this study, two bacterial strains designated 3AB3 and 5AB2 was isolated from the soil samples collected from abandoned mining region of Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand, India and arsenic concentration has been determined in both water and soil samples. Enrichment culturing method was employed for isolating bacteria and further they are screened for their redox ability. The isolated strains exhibited maximum growth at 30°C, at pH 7.0 in arsenic stressed Luria Bertani broth, checked through UV-Vis spectrophotometer at OD-620nm. Biochemical characterization of isolated strains was performed with various confirmation tests. Phylogenetic analysis of selected bacterial strains through MEGA-X confirmed their relationship to the genus Bacillus. Further, they are tested for transformation ability of arsenic (MSA method) and gene identification was done in selected isolated strains (PCR method). The result of this study shows that, even after abandoning the mining activities, concentration of arsenic increases in ground water by reducing ability of bacterial strains. PCR analysis depicted the presence of genes arsR, arsB and arsC in the strain 3AB3 and gene aoxB in 5AB2 respectively.

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Sukeri, Sarah, Azizah Ab Karem, Evana Kamarudin, and Mazura Bahari. "Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic and Aqueous Extract of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.13.

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Food poisoning is one of the riskiest illnesses caused by an organism like bacteria, viruses and parasites, which can contaminate food at any stage of food production. Most reports are associated with bacterial contamination through the food preparation process. Researcher nowadays attempts to discover a safer agent to use in food preparation as a food preservative agent. Thus, the potential of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves as an antimicrobial agent was explored in this study. It was tested against two bacteria which are Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) and Eschericia coli (gram-negative). Antimicrobial activity of methanol and aqueous R. tomentosa leaves extract was compared using gram staining, bacterial identification, antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and statistical analysis. The disc diffusion technique was used for AST where the mean area of inhibition methanol and aqueous extract against S. aureus was 18 mm and 16 mm respectively, whereas there was no area of inhibition for E. coli. MIC was done to determine the minimum concentration of the extract needed to inhibit the bacteria. After that, MBC was performed to confirm the previous MIC result. Statistical analysis was done by conduct it through SPSS software program. Then, the result for S. aureus is obtained from finding its p-value. Statistically, a significant difference between the two bacteria was analyzed by using independent t-test. A result of p-value less than 0.05 was considered significantly different as one another. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between methanol and aqueous extract on antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, both aqueous and methanol leaves R. tomentosa yielded similar antibacterial activity which susceptible to S. aureus and can be used safely toward foodborne pathogen.

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Selahvarzi, Hormoz, Milad Kamdideh, Mehrnoosh Vahabi, Ali Dezhgir, Massoud Houshmand, and Soha Sadeghi. "Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the VDR and CYP27B1 Genes with Risk of Developing Vitamin D3 Deficiency." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.15.

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This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between common variants in two vitamin D pathway genes (VDR and CYP27B1) and vitamin D3 serum levels. In this study, serum vitamin D metabolite levels were measured in the blood samples of 200 patients with alopecia areata. Then, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR and CYP27B1 were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing. Sixty-three variations were observed in these genes (42 variations in CYP27B1 and 21 variations in VDR). A significant difference in Rs1544410 (odds ratio: 7, P < 0.0005) and rs4646536 (odds ratio: 4.043, P < 0.0005) variants was found between the patients and controls. The study showed the relationship between the two polymorphisms, Rs1544410 (odds ratio: 7, 95% CI, 1–8) and rs4646536 (odds ratio: 4.043, 95% CI, 3–14.038) on the genes VDR and CYP27B1, respectively, with increased risk of developing vitamin D3 insufficiency in the Iranian population. Therefore, SNPs in the VDR and CYP27B1 genes can be considered as prognostic biomarkers of the risk of developing vitamin D3 deficiency.

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