Journal articles on the topic 'Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society'

This paper explores the origins of the Calcutta journal of natural history (1841–1848) and the search from the 1830s for a permanent curator for the collections of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Edward Blyth (1810–1873) was appointed, even though John M'Clelland (or McClelland) (1805–1883), who founded the Calcutta journal of natural history, had acted as part-time curator of the collections for two years before Blyth's arrival in Calcutta. An analysis of the Society and the journal allows reconsideration of the significance of natural history in India in the mid-nineteenth century.

In 1981, as a result of Dr Sálim Ali's assessment of the deteriorating status of the great Indian bustard, the Bombay Natural History Society embarked on a five-year project to study the ecology and distribution of the bird. The author, who has worked on the great Indian bustard in three places in India and who took part in the BNHS bustard project, describes its findings.

The article prepared for the anniversary of the Neurological Bulletin journal, describes the history of the creation and the first years of work of the Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists and its press edition the Neurological Bulletin journal. The purpose of the Society was to unite the scientific forces of the Imperial Kazan University for the continuation of complex studies of the nervous system by clinicians together with representatives of the natural sciences (histology, anatomy, physiology), as well as psychologists and lawyers. This determined the theme of the new journal, which published articles on a wide range of issues.

AbstractThough Britain was the predominant European power in India from the middle of the eighteenth century, British scholars at first lagged behind their European contemporaries in the study of Indian antiquities. There were, quite simply, no British counterparts to such celebrated figures as Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron and Carsten Niebuhr. This paper investigates the efforts made by the Society of Antiquaries of London to remedy this situation, as demonstrated in particular by the publication of two early eighteenth-century accounts of the cave temples at Kanheri and Elephanta near Bombay in volume 7 (1785) of the Society's journal, Archaeologia. It argues that the impetus for the Society's efforts was provided by its Director, Richard Gough, who had family reasons for an interest in India and the East, but that the Society's role was largely superseded when Sir William Jones founded the Asiatick Society of Bengal.

Cyrtopodion aravallense (Gill, 1997) is a poorly known species, known only from the holotype and original description. I re-examined the holotype housed in the museum of Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai and find some discrepancies between the original description and the holotype. Here, I redescribe the holotype of C. aravallense in greater detail and provide a revised diagnosis of the species. It is distinguished from all its congeners in having enlarged, regularly arranged transverse rows of 15 trihedral tubercles; 25–26 midbody scale rows across belly; 102 midventral scales; males with 6 precloacal pores, 7–8 femoral pores on each side separated by 3–5 poreless scales between precloacal and femoral pores.

Funambulus Lesson, 1835 incorporates palm squirrels representing model South Asian small mammals. They were widely collected between 1880 and 1980 furnishing international collections, especially in London. There’s a dearth of regional small mammal studies since the 1960s and lack of geographical data could contribute to this. Listed here are 172 locations anchored to ~478 specimens incorporating sites where the genus was collected in mainland South Asia with special attention to obscure localities in South India and Sri Lanka. Emphasis is placed on sites from the Bombay Natural History Society Mammal Survey of India, Burma and Ceylon from 1912 to 1929. This list, with sources, contributes to, and addresses historical and taxonomic mammalogical studies for the entire subregion.

From the mid nineteenth into the mid twentieth centuries a significant number of British people spent their careers in India administering what was regarded as the most important territory of the British Empire. During this period, an extensive body of literature on Indian wildlife was published both in Britain and in India itself. This paper surveys the authors and the publishers of this literature and suggests that the material was shaped by the differing interests of readers in the two countries. The emergence of a community of enthusiastic naturalists among the British expatriates is contrasted with the promotion of India as an exotic location for readers in Britain itself. The role of hunting narratives in providing information for the study of natural history is explored, along with growing concerns about the need for conservation. The complexity of the relationships between expatriate British naturalists and the local populations is used to throw light on how the situation changed in the decades leading to independence. In conclusion, the publications of the Bombay Natural History Society are used to illustrate these developments

The public place of science and technology in Britain underwent a dramatic change during the first half of the nineteenth century. At the end of the eighteenth century, natural philosophy was still on the whole the province of a relatively small group ofaficionados. London possessed only one institution devoted to the pursuit of natural knowledge: the Royal Society. The Royal Society also published what was virtually the only journal dealing exclusively with scientific affairs: thePhilosophical Transactions. By 1851, when the Great Exhibition opened its doors in Hyde Park to an audience of spectators that could be counted in the millions, the pursuit of science as a national need, its relationship to industrial progress were acceptable, if not uncontested facts for many commentators.

ABSTRACT: Part and counterpart of a trilobite collected from Upper Ordovician strata near Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, provided additional information on the legs of trilobites. These appendages had only been certainly known for less than a decade. The specimen was described by a local paleontologist in the local natural history journal, but part of the text was repeated in a leading American biological journal, and repeated in full in the Geological magazine. This trilobite was subsequently redescribed by C. D. Walcott in Science, following a speech in which he discussed it before the Biological Society of Washington. The specimen is now in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Washington.

AbstractThis article seeks to illuminate the shifting and unstable configuration of scientific print culture around 1800 through a close focus on William Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, generally known as Nicholson's Journal. Viewing Nicholson as a mediator between the two spheres of British commercial journalism and scientific enquiry, I investigate the ways he adapted practices and conventions from the domain of general-readership monthly periodicals for his Journal, forging a virtual community of scientific knowledge exchange in print. However, in pursing this project Nicholson ran up against disreputable associations connected with the politics of journalism and came into conflict with more established models of scientific publication. To illustrate this, I turn to examine in detail the practice of reprinting, a technique of information transmission which the Journal adapted from general periodicals and newspapers, looking at a clash between Nicholson and the Royal Society that exposes disagreements over the appropriate role for journals during this period of reorganization in the scientific world.

The Society of Physical sciences (phisycs, chemistry and mineralogy) has been an important Romanian scientific society since its establishment, in 1890 until the middle of the twentieth century. This paper seeks to provide an analysis of its activity in the first two decades of existence, a less studied period, namely how its enterprises contributed to the dissemination and spread of the latest scientific ideas within Romania’s culture. The society was founded at the initiative of some of the most proeminent Romanian scientists of that period and, until the end of the nineteenth century, it expanded its sphere of activity by including sections on mathemathics and natural history. Therefore, its activity, exemplified by public conferences, presentation of members’ personal scientific endeavors, intellectual debates or scientific missions, reflected the general development of physical sciences in Romania in that epoch. This research is based mostly on a close scrutiny of society’s scientific journal.

This paper investigates the finances of the Royal Society and its Philosophical Transactions , showing that in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries journal publishing was a drain on funds rather than a source of income. Even without any expectation of profit, the costs of producing Transactions nevertheless had to be covered, and the way in which this was done reflected the changing financial situation of the Society. An examination of the Society's financial accounts and minute books reveals the tensions between the Society's desire to promote the widespread communication of natural knowledge, and the ever-increasing cost of doing so, particularly by the late nineteenth century.

The article presents the results of a study of the features of biographical and prosopographic materials about famous mathematicians and natural scientists, published in one of the most authoritative journals “Bulletin of Experimental Physics and Elementary Mathematics”, which was published in Kyiv and Odesa during 1886–1917. In fact, the journal was an unofficial periodical printed branch of the Mathematical Department of the Novorossiysk Society of Naturalists. The purpose of the study is to conduct a meaningful and content analysis of the texts of the journal articles, which reveal biographies, features of labor activity and participation in scientific research of famous scientists. At the same time, the authors used scientific methods to conduct a meaningful analysis of the subject of research – analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization. In the process of quantitative content analysis, text quantification, empirical data collection, their generalization, and mathematical and statistical processing were used. As a result of the study of biographical materials of the journal over the period, its authors came to the following conclusions. Firstly, the materials of the journal about famous domestic and foreign mathematicians and natural scientists were both biographical and prosopographic in nature. Moreover, the motives for the appearance of such publications, as a rule, were “round” dates from the moment of birth, from the beginning of creative activity, from the moment an important work was released, or from the moment of death (or the fact of death) of the subject of publication. All such articles in the journal are conditionally classified by the authors into brief biographical and prosopographic notes, detailed biographical and prosopographic articles, and obituaries. Secondly, the total volume of biographical and prosopographic materials for the entire period of publication of the journal was 2.88% of the total volume of the journal. At the same time, the journal contained materials about 84 scientists. The largest journal volume by the editors (more than 5 pages for each) was provided by 27 scientists and this amounted to 72.7% of the total volume of biographical material; this group included 9 domestic scientists and 18 foreigners. In total, the editors allotted an average of 4.89 pages for each domestic scientist, and 5.89 pages for each foreign scientist. The largest volume of materials was about physicists (46.42% of the total volume of biographical materials) and mathematicians (35.44%). Thirdly, the results of a meaningful analysis allow us to conclude that the published biographical and prosopographic materials of the journal are of high quality. This was largely facilitated by the careful selection of the authors of articles (or sources of materials), as well as the special requirements of the editors for documenting sources of materials in paginated links. Fourthly, the “inattention” of the editorial staff of the journal to a number of “round dates” of famous domestic and foreign mathematicians and physicists, as well as the uneven volumes allocated by the journal for biographies, indicate the absence of a clear editorial policy of the journal in the issue of allocating printed volumes for systematic biographical statements and research.

AbstractMartin Folkes (1690–1754) was Newton's protégé, an English antiquary, mathematician, numismatist and astronomer who would in the latter part of his career become simultaneously president of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries. Folkes took a Grand Tour from March 1733 to September 1735, recording the Italian leg of his journey from Padua to Rome in his journal. This paper examines Folkes's travel diary to analyse his Freemasonry, his intellectual development as a Newtonian and his scientific peregrination. It shows how, in this latter area, how he used metrology to understand not only the aesthetics but also the engineering principles of antique buildings and artefacts, as well as their context and place in the Italian landscape. Using Folkes's diary, his account book of his journey in the Norwich archives, and his correspondence with other natural philosophers such as Francesco Algarotti (1712–1764), Anders Celsius (1701–1744) and Abbé Antonio Schinella Conti (1667–1749), this paper will also demonstrate to what extent Folkes's journey established his reputation as an international broker of Newtonianism, as well as the overall primacy of English scientific instrumentation to Italian virtuosi.

The seventeenth volume in the series presents articles on the aurora borealis published in the journal of the Swedish Societas Regia Literaria et Scientiarum (now Kungl. Vetenskaps-Societeten i Uppsala) covering the years 1740 to 1750. In this period, the Acta of the society were edited by the natural historian Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), who showed less interest in the aurora than his predecessors. One article on the aurora by Anders Celsius and another by his assistant Olof Peter Hiorter were however published. They are presented here along with the obituaries for three central auroral researchers from early eighteenth-century Sweden – Erik Johan Burman, Conrad Quensel and Celsius. In the Introduction, neo-Latinist and historian of science Per Pippin Aspaas summarizes these texts and provides a short history of the society in the period.

Geoff Hancock (Department of Natural History, Glasgow Museums and Galleries, Kelvingrove, Glasgow; formerly of Bolton Museum and Art Gallery, Le Mans Crescent, Bolton BLl ISA), writes: 'To have a good run of the published organs of the Geological Society of London is an asset for any museum hut to have some of the earliest volumes which once belonged to WUliam Henry Fitton FRS (1780-1861) and possibly annotated by him adds considerable interest. Part of the set in Bolton Museum hears Fitton's bookplate (Fig.2) showing arms and crest in volumes one to five of the Journal. These are bound in exactly the same way as the twelve volumes of the Transactions (quarter hound in leather with...

Kathleen Histon and Ezio Vaccari (Via Marsala 18, 37128 Verona, Italy) writes: A.H. Foord, who was bom in Kent in 1845, worked for the Geological Survey of Canada from 1878-1883, where his first publications were on the micropalaeontology and corals of the early Palaeozoic rocks of Canada. His most famous work is his Catalogue of Fossil Nautiloidea in the British Museum (1889-1891), which was followed by a volume on the Bactritidea and Goniatites with G.C. Crick (1897). He also published several papers on nautiloids around this time in the Geological Magazine, the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society and in Annals and Magazine of Natural History. He was Curator of the York Museum...

The article presents the results of a study of publications in the “Bulletin of Experimental Physics and Elementary Mathematics”, about the organization, conduct and results of domestic and foreign congresses of mathematicians and natural scientists, published in Kyiv and Odesa during 1886–1917. The magazine was an unofficial periodical printed publication of the mathematical department of the Novorossiysk Society of Naturalists. The research was conducted with the aim of carrying out a meaningful and quantitative analysis of the texts of journal publications, which highlights the materials of such meetings of scientists and teachers. The authors used scientific methods for meaningful analysis of the research subject, and in the process of quantitative analysis – text quantification, collection of empirical data, their generalization and mathematical and statistical processing. As a result of the research of the magazine’s materials on congresses of mathematicians and natural researchers during the entire period of its publication, the authors came to the following conclusions. The magazine’s materials on conventions and congresses for all the years of its publication accounted for slightly more than 4% of its total area. All National Congresses of Natural Scientists and Mathematicians, which met during the period of publication of the journal, were covered on its pages (this is almost 2/3 of the entire volume of information in the journal about such meetings of scientists and teachers). At the same time, the methods of presenting information and its volume differed significantly in different meetings, depending on the presence of motives of both members of the editorial board. The main motives for placing information were: a) the presence of a pedagogical component in the work of meetings; b) scientific (or pedagogical) significance of reports and meeting participants; c) availability of quality materials about meetings; d) availability of magazine space. International congresses were irregularly covered by the newspaper, the motives for placing information about such meetings in the magazine were similar. Starting in 1901, the editors of the Bulletin introduced the scheme developed during the previous years of the magazine’s existence into the practice of presenting materials about scientific and pedagogical congresses: a) announcement of the event; b) publication of the regulation (statute, program) of the event; c) description of preparation for the event; d) overview of the features of the event; e) presentation of the texts of important speeches. Such a scheme of presentation of meetings was introduced for the first time in popular science and educational periodicals of the Russian Empire. The pedagogical component was the most important motive for both staffs of the Bulletin editorial board when deciding on the features and scope of coverage of materials on the work of domestic and foreign congresses. The materials of Bulletin (and other similar publications of that time) covering the work of domestic and foreign congresses of teachers and researchers of nature and mathematics, which reveal the content of the educational activities of famous scientists and teachers, are an important element of the source base of biographical studies, which conducted by historians of science.

The “Société Géologique du Nord”, located in Lille, in northern France, was founded in 1870, with Jules Gosselet as the first president. It has always been closely connected to the geology department of the Faculty of Sciences of Lille, now called the “Université de Lille – Sciences et Technologies”, and keeps strong links with the Natural History Museum of Lille. Its activities and evolution were closely related to those of the coal-mining basin of the area until the last shaft was closed in 1990. Its activities are both in the fields of applied and fundamental geosciences. From its beginning, the Society has published the results of the research of its members, both in a periodical journal, the Annales, and as monographies called Mémoires. From the 1970s, the Mémoires have been progressively replaced by Publications, mostly devoted to State doctoral theses. During the transition from the 20th to the 21st century, the activities of the Society have strongly declined, due to several internal and external factors. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the SGN has tried to adapt itself to the new conditions of both the university and the regional territory. It is still a scientific society, but it is open to its social environment.

This article proposed a fresh reading of the coins of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah to reappraise the political history of this ruler. In the light of recent numismatic sources the present research challenges all the earlier calculations of the reign period of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah. In doing so this study makes an intervention in the political chronology of Bengal and proposes 205 (1333 to 1538 CE) years of Independent Sultanate Period instead of 200 (1338-1358 CE) years. What was the force behind the rise of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah? What facilitated him to become an independent authority? In attempting to answer these question this article analyses the multi-dimensional factors - manmade and natural- that acted as catalysts in the making of Sonargaon as the first independent geo-political entity in the trans-Meghna region. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 69(1), 2024, pp. 67-87

Following some years of declining health, Professor Maurice Crosland passed away on 30 August 2020 at the age of eighty-nine. Author of four influential scholarly monographs, Maurice played major roles in the British Society for the History of Science during the 1960s and 1970s as an active Member of Council, Honorary Editor of the British Journal for the History of Science (1965–71) and Honorary President of the society (1974–6). His academic career began in 1963 with his appointment to a lectureship in the History & Philosophy of Science at the University of Leeds. In 1974 the by-then Reader in History of Science secured a £100,000 Nuffield Foundation Grant with which to establish, for the first time, a dedicated history-of-science group at the University of Kent at Canterbury. Appointed Professor of the History of Science and Director of the Unit for the History, Philosophy and Social Relations of Science (known as the ‘History of Science Unit’ or simply ‘the Unit’), his objectives during the five-year Nuffield-funded period were to focus on promoting the research activities of the new group, build up much-needed library resources in a university which was barely ten years old, and effect a transition to a research and teaching Unit that would offer modules to undergraduates in each of the three principal faculties (Humanities, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences). His own research centred on French science during and after the Napoleonic period, with particular emphasis on the history of chemistry and the formal institutions and informal networks of Parisian science. In 1984 his work was recognized with the American Chemical Society's award of the Dexter Prize, a rare achievement for a British scholar.

The Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine (EJFM) is completing its 10th volume with this issue as one of the first products of the dreams of a group of academicians devoted to family medicine. Eurasian Society of Family Medicine (ESFAM) has been established in 2009 with the aim of carrying out scientific education and research activities, supporting ongoing scientific activities, and informing the society, carrying out activities for community education, and establishing a foundation to operate in this field. Shortly after its establishment, the first product of the association was organizing Trakya Family Medicine Congresses (TAHEK). At first, TAHEK was organized as a national congress in 2010 but since 2016 it became an international one with the participation of scientists from many countries (1). Next year on March 23-27, 2022 TAHEK will bring together Family Medicine academicians in Edirne for the 11th time (2). Edirne (Orestia, Orestas, Uscudama, Hadrianopolis, Edrenos, Edrenaboli, Edrene, finally Edirne) being the headquarters of ESFAM, is one of the ancient civilization centers of the world with its eight thousand years of history (3,4). After its conquest by the Turks in 1361, it was the capital of the Ottoman Empire until the conquest of Istanbul in 1453. Edirne has an important place in medical and academic history. The Complex of Sultan Bayezid II, which was opened in 1488, is one of the oldest universities in Europe with its medical faculty and hospital (5,6). In addition, the smallpox vaccine was first used in Edirne, its usage was later disseminated to Istanbul and Europe (7). Another imperial legacy that Edirne has is Edirne Red. Edirne Red was a natural dye obtained from the Rubia Tinctorum plant and very resistant to sunlight and washing, and was used in Turkish carpets and silk and cotton fabrics (8). While preparing the first issue of the Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine in 2012, we have chosen Edirne Red as the color of the cover of our journal, aiming to express our respect for the city where the association was established. Over the years, Trakya Family Medicine Congresses (TAHEK) have become one of the leading Family Medicine congresses of the Eurasian region, especially in the Balkans; It has made significant progress in becoming the meeting point of distinguished Family Medicine researchers and academicians from all over the world. During this time, our journal contributed to the dissemination of thousands of academic papers in the participating countries and increased the number of its followers. Likewise, Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine (EJFM) has enriched the international literature with many researches published over the years. It is a pride for us to express that the Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine has started to be indexed by many respected international scientific indexes. Scopus and DOAJ were added to these indexes this year. At the end of the tenth volume of our journal, we are happy to express our appreciation and gratitude to our authors, reviewers, distinguished international advisory board members, editors and all our stakeholders who shared our dreams and contributed to our products.

The activity of international organizations on the history and philosophy of science and technology is a remarkable phenomenon in the world scientific and sociocultural sphere. Such centers influence and contribute to the scientific communication of scientists from different countries and the comprehensive development of numerous aspects of the history and phylosiphy of science and technology, carry out scientific congresses. That is why the analysis of the acquired experience and the obtained results of these groups are important. The history of the formation and development, task, structure, background and directions of the activities of some international organizations in the field of history and philosophy of science and technology, including The European Philosophy of Science Association (EPSA), The International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science (HOPOS), The International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP) and The International council for philosophy and human sciences (ICPHS) have been shown. The European Philosophy of Science Association (EPSA) was established in 2007 to promote and advance the investigations and teaching the philosophy of science in Europe. EPSA edits the European Journal for Philosophy of Science (EJPS), which publishes articles in all areas of philosophy of science. The International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science (HOPOS) promotes serious, scholarly research on the history of the philosophy of science and gathers scholars who share an interest in promoting research on the history of the philosophy of science and related topics in the history of the natural and social sciences, logic, philosophy and mathematics. The scholarly journal HOPOS is published by University of Chicago Press. The International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP) is the highest nongovernmental world organization for philosophy, whose members-societies represent every country where there is significant academic philosophy. It was established in Amsterdam in 1948. FISP’s first seat was located at the the Sorbonne in Paris. FISP includes approximately one hundred members. It does not include individual members, but only «societies» in a broad sense, that is, philosophical institutions of different kinds, such as associations, societies, institutes, centres and academies at national, regional and international levels. The International council for philosophy and human sciences (ICPHS) is a non-governmental organisation within UNESCO, which federates hundreds of different learned societies in the field of philosophy, human sciences and related subjects. It was conceived as the intermediary between UNESCO on one hand, and learned societies and national academies on the other. Its aim was to extend UNESCO's action in the domain of humanistic studies.

Of considerable interest in the study of the housebuilding traditions and innovations of the Finno-Ugric population of the forest belt of the Middle Volga region are the works of the 18th – early 20th century researchers. In this period, random episodic surveys were carried out in the territory of the Middle Volga region. A significant event was the holding of the 4thArchaeological Congress in Kazan in 1877, during which it was decided to publish the annual scientific journal “Bulletin of the Society of Archaeology, History and Ethnography (IOAIE)”. The journal not only provided information about the newly discovered archaeological artifacts and sites, but also featured a scientific discussion concerning the possibility of housebuilding development across the population of the Middle Volga region. The issue of the construction of permanent structures in the territory was also of interest for geologists, natural scientists and ethnographers. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the scientific works of the 18th – early 20th centuries dedicated to the study of the origins and development of housebuilding practiced by the population of the forest belt of the Middle Volga region in the 2nd – 1st millennium BC. The authors came to the conclusion that archaeological research and ethnographic realities presented in the scientific evidence of the 18th – early 20thcenturies are of great importance in terms of source studies for the research of the various aspects of the life of the ancient population of the region.

The Ukrainian intellectual elite from Galicia understood the importance of building national cultural values through their scientific interpretation. The vectors of this rethinking are projected onto separate branch groups of the illustrated magazine «Nedіlia» publications (weekly supplement to the newspaper «Dіlo») and relate to various scientific fields – history, literary studies, linguistics, visual arts, music, theatre, natural sciences, etc. The authors of the publications such as Mykhailo Wozniak, Volodymyr Doroshenko, Natalіa Kobrynska, Ivan Krypyakevych, Ivan Rakovsky, Hnat Khotkevych, Ivan Franko, Vasyl Shchurat, and others – considered the problems of national culture in the pan-European context, made comparative parallels regarding the social status, financial situation and public resonance of the activities of Ukrainian and foreign scientists and artists results. Journal materials initiated such scientific disciplines as Shevchenko studies and Shashkevych studies contained rich historical and archaeological material on Ukrainian history in general, and Lviv, in particular, reflected a high assessment of the results of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Historical research updates the topics of the prehistory of Ukraine, the era of Khmelnytskyi, identification of Ukrainian national symbols and at the same time. The newspaper’s publications make it possible to trace the connection between the development of Galician scientific processes and the press. In addition to purely professional publications, society needed popular science publications that would promote to a wider public space the researches, primarily in the humanitarianism field. The unity of the spiritual space of Ukrainians, separated by the border of two empires, is evidenced by the newspaper’s authors and the thematic dominants of scientific studies. Keywords: the Galician press of the beginning of the 20th century, «Nedіlia» weekly, scientific content, comparative studies, the nation unity.

A different name than English literature, ‘Anglo-Indian Literature’, was given to the body of literature in English that emerged on account of the British interaction with India unlike the case with their interaction with America or Australia or New Zealand. Even the Indians’ contributions (translations as well as creative pieces in English) were classed under the caption ‘Anglo-Indian’ initially but later a different name, ‘Indo-Anglian’, was conceived for the growing variety and volume of writings in English by the Indians. However, unlike the former the latter has not found a favour with the compilers of English dictionaries. With the passage of time the fine line of demarcation drawn on the basis of subject matter and author’s point of view has disappeared and currently even Anglo-Indians’ writings are classed as ‘Indo-Anglian’. Besides contemplating on various connotations of the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ the article discusses the related issues such as: the etymology of the term, fixing the name of its coiner and the date of its first use. In contrast to the opinions of the historians and critics like K R S Iyengar, G P Sarma, M K Naik, Daniela Rogobete, Sachidananda Mohanty, Dilip Chatterjee and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak it has been brought to light that the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ was first used in 1880 by James Payn to refer to the Indians’ writings in English rather pejoratively. However, Iyengar used it in a positive sense though he himself gave it up soon. The reasons for the wide acceptance of the term, sometimes also for the authors of the sub-continent, by the members of academia all over the world, despite its rejection by Sahitya Akademi (the national body of letters in India), have also been contemplated on. References Alphonso-Karkala, John B. (1970). Indo-English Literature in the Nineteenth Century, Mysore: Literary Half-yearly, University of Mysore, University of Mysore Press. Amanuddin, Syed. (2016 [1990]). “Don’t Call Me Indo-Anglian”. C. D. Narasimhaiah (Ed.), An Anthology of Commonwealth Poetry. Bengaluru: Trinity Press. B A (Compiler). (1883). Indo-Anglian Literature. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rByZ2RcSBTMC&pg=PA1&source= gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false ---. (1887). “Indo-Anglian Literature”. 2nd Issue. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/60238178 Basham, A L. (1981[1954]). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims. Indian Rpt, Calcutta: Rupa. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/TheWonderThatWasIndiaByALBasham Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Peacock Lute. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd. Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Moving Finger. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd. Boria, Cavellay. (1807). “Account of the Jains, Collected from a Priest of this Sect; at Mudgeri: Translated by Cavelly Boria, Brahmen; for Major C. Mackenzie”. Asiatick Researches: Or Transactions of the Society; Instituted In Bengal, For Enquiring Into The History And Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, of Asia, 9, 244-286. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104510 Chamber’s Twentieth Century Dictionary [The]. (1971). Bombay et al: Allied Publishers. Print. Chatterjee, Dilip Kumar. (1989). Cousins and Sri Aurobindo: A Study in Literary Influence, Journal of South Asian Literature, 24(1), 114-123. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/ stable/40873985. Chattopadhyay, Dilip Kumar. (1988). A Study of the Works of James Henry Cousins (1873-1956) in the Light of the Theosophical Movement in India and the West. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Burdwan: The University of Burdwan. PDF. Retrieved from: http://ir.inflibnet. ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/68500/9/09_chapter%205.pdf. Cobuild English Language Dictionary. (1989 [1987]). rpt. London and Glasgow. Collins Cobuild Advanced Illustrated Dictionary. (2010). rpt. Glasgow: Harper Collins. Print. Concise Oxford English Dictionary [The]. (1961 [1951]). H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler. (Eds.) Oxford: Clarendon Press. 4th ed. Cousins, James H. (1921). Modern English Poetry: Its Characteristics and Tendencies. Madras: Ganesh & Co. n. d., Preface is dated April, 1921. PDF. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/ 2027/uc1.$b683874 ---. (1919) New Ways in English Literature. Madras: Ganesh & Co. 2nd edition. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.31747 ---. (1918). The Renaissance in India. Madras: Madras: Ganesh & Co., n. d., Preface is dated June 1918. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.203914 Das, Sisir Kumar. (1991). History of Indian Literature. Vol. 1. 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A series of articles is devoted to the analysis of the formation and transformation of anthropology as a fundamental science. The study uses a social time scale, which makes it possible to assess the reasons for the transformations, ups and downs of science in different countries, depending on social events that form the challenges of society. At present, anthropology, like no other science, has a different "content" depending on the country in which it is formed. At the same time, like all sciences, it has a common history, common tasks and methods. Whether this is a consequence of the internal contradiction of anthropology (a single science or a collection of separate human sciences), or the reason for regional characteristics is the result of the influence of the society in which it develops. It is proposed to begin the discussion of issues important for determining the status of modern anthropology by plunging into its history, to which the first part of the work is devoted. The article discusses the achievements of the initial stage of anthropology, when in Paris it became possible to found a professional Society, a journal, a School and Laboratory, as well as an Anthropological Museum. Why did it work for P. Broca in France, and did not become possible for another scientist in another country. Why did the brilliant works of K. von Baer not give rise to the formation of the Russian school of anthropology. How did it happen that A. Hrdlička and D. N. Anuchin, who received the same skills and knowledge in Paris and founded essentially the same schools of anthropology in America and Russia, did not become guarantors of the same development of anthropology in these countries. What can cross out science in a particular country, bringing a negative connotation to the term "anthropology" for many years. What could be the catalyst for the revival of interest in the natural history of man. How fundamental science acquires applied aspects and becomes “attractive” for the economy of a particular country. These and many other questions are presented in a polemical review of the many-sided anthropology.

John White, Surgeon-General of New South Wales, is best remembered for his handsome book Journal of a voyage to new South Wales published in London during 1790. He was a native of County Fermanagh in northwestern Ireland. He became a naval surgeon and in this capacity was appointed to serve as surgeon on the First Fleet which left England for New South Wales (Australia) in 1787. While living in New South Wales, White adopted Nanberree, an aboriginal boy, and fathered a son by Rachel Turner, a convict, who later married Thomas Moore. John White returned to England in 1795, became a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London and was granted the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Arts by the University of St Andrews. White was married twice, and was survived by his second wife and his four children, including his illegitimate, Australian-born son, Captain Andrew Douglas White. Dr John White died in 1832 aged 75 and is buried in Worthing, Sussex, England.While serving as Surgeon-General at Sydney Cove, New South Wales, between 1788 and 1794 John White collected natural history specimens and assembled a series of paintings of plants and animals. After returning to England, White lent these paintings to botanists and zoologists, and permitted copies to be made. Thus, he contributed substantially to European knowledge of the indigenous flora and fauna of Australia.

Abstract New national and international societies that examine sports have been created and developed in Europe as well as on other continents. These societies, which examine the complex phenomena, issues, and questions concerning sports as seen from the different scientific points of view, are rooted in two main research directions: the natural sciences on the one hand, and the social sciences on the other.The authors of the paper point to the significant and ongoing development of the social sciences of sport. In particular, the authors discuss the development of the sociology of sport, philosophy of sport, psychology of sport, pedagogy of sport, history of physical culture, sports and Olympics, the organization and management of sport, social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, social relationships associated with sports training and tactics, as well as the humanistic theories of Eastern martial arts.The authors have listed several national, continental, and international scientific organizations that unite representatives of the aforementioned disciplines. However, the authors’ main focus is on theoretical and organizational assumptions of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport, an organization founded in 2009.The society’s main objectives are to unite the particular social sciences of sport in one organized and scientific body (while maintaining the existing differences between the sciences); to enable the annual debate and exchange of views on the substantive and methodological matters; as well as to provide joint scientific publications connected with common work of the group and with the journal Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research.The authors discuss the research and publishing activities of the Polish Society for Social Sciences of Sport, introducing the organization as an example of any future organization that could cooperate with the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport.

У статті проаналізовано стратегії відтворення часової дистанції в перекладі класичних текстів шекспірівських часів. Стратегії архаїзації, модернізації і нейтралізації часової дистанції досліджено на мовно-стилістичному, когнітивному і прагматичному рівнях. Стратегія архаїзації полягає у створенні образу минулої епохи через уживання архаїчних лексем і граматичних форм, буквальне відтворення когнітивних сценаріїв і прагматичних формул. Модернізація полягає у створенні образу сучасності як частини хронотопу інтегративно-текстового мегаконцепту перекладу, завдяки підбору сучасних відповідників, іноді з розмовними або вульгарними стильовими характеристиками, заміни архаїчних когнітивних сценаріїв та прагматичних формул на сучасні. Стратегія нейтралізації часової дистанції означає усунення часової маркованості художнього образу твору. Література References Baryshnikov, P. (2010). Metaphorical cognition and actualization of archaic concepts in thedaily discourse. Journal of International Scientific Publication: Language, Individual &Society, 4(1), 152–159 Bassnett, S. (2002). Translation Studies, 3rd ed. New York and London: Routledge,2002. Eco, U. (2000). Experiences in Translation. (A. McEwen, Trans.). University of TorontoPress. Hoyle R. A. (2008). Scenarios, Discourse, and Translation: The Scenario Theory of CognitiveLinguistics, Its Relevance for Analysing New Testament Greek and Modern Parkari Texts, andIts Implications for Translation Theory. Dallas: SIL International. Izard, C. E. (1991). The Psychology of Emotions. New York: Plenum Press. Jakobson R. (2000). On linguistic aspects of translation (1959) In: The TranslationStudies Reader. (pp. 114-118)., L. Venuti, M. Baker, (Eds.). Routledge London and NewYork. Jones, F. R., & Turner, A. (2004). Archaisation, Modernisation and Reference in theTranslation of Older Texts. Across Languages and Cultures, 5(2), 159–185. Kharmandar, M. A. (2014). Exploring archaism in translation theory and modern Persianpoetics: towards a Persian translation paradigm. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 12(46),40–56. Lefere, R. (1994). La traduction archaïsante: cervantes d’Après M. Molho. Meta, 39(1), 241–249. Malkki, A. (2009). Translating Emotions Across Time: Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures inWonderland. The Electronic Journal of the Department of English at the University ofHelsinki, 5. Retrieved from: http://blogs.helsinki.fi/hes-eng/volumes/volume-5/ translatingemotions-across-time-lewis-carroll’s-alice’s-adventures-in-wonderland-aila-malkki/ MacDonald, P. S. Palaeo-Philosophy: Complex and Concept in Archaic Patterns of Thought /MacDonald, Paul S. In Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy.Retrieved from: https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-170414880/palaeo-philosophy-complexand-concept-in-archaic McElhanon, K. A. (2005). From word to scenario: the influence of linguistic theories uponmodels of translation. Journal of Translation, 1(3). 29–67. Steiner, G. (1998). After Babel: Aspects of language and translation, 3rd ed. London andOxford: Oxford University Press. Schleiermacher F. (1992). On the different methods of translating In: Translation.History. Culture: A Sourcebook (pp. 141–166). tr. and ed. A. Lefevere. London, NewYork: Routledge. Venuti, L. (1995). The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London and NewYork: Routledge.

Abstract In the society and culture of the Canary Islands, ravines (barrancos in Spanish) are spaces that contain a wealth of meanings and perceptions attached to a collective imagination. These natural scars that mark and characterize the island's geography represent scenes of dissidence, as will be shown through the spatial and geographic stories of various transsexuals and transvestites who lived in Tenerife between 1970 and 1990; the specific character of their testimonials is situated in a specific context: El Cabo, a barrio in Tenerife, as well as the Santos Ravine (Barranco de Santos in Spanish). The state repression, marginalization, and violence against sexually dissident people during this age will be the main context of analysis. In a brief journey through history, these aspects will be placed in relation to key events from the Francoist dictatorship on the islands, a travel journal of the nineteenth century, and passages from the conquest of the Canary Islands in which the ravines, among them the Santos Ravine itself, take on a relevant importance. Finally, this study will mention the existence of a chapel consecrated to the Virgin of Candelaria in this environment as possibly the most significant crystallization of the otherness of the ravine. This study thereby contemplates reviewing these spaces on the basis of their formation as media in which specific Canary Island subjectivities can be located.

In this article, I will discuss one important aspect of historical encounters between Western colonial scientists and Japanese nature. In order to do so, I will shed new light on how geo-sciences became an object of scientific research of Japan, in the framework of Dutch colonial sciences. I will also show that Western interests in Japanese geo-sciences were primarily stimulated by economic motivations, and that, at the same time, it accompanied the process of the introduction of modern Western sciences into Japan. It is well-known that Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866) studied Japanese natural history widely, and wrote two standard works, Flora Japonica and Fauna Japonica. This paper examines a newly found unpublished manuscript Geologica Japonica by von Siebold, which discusses Japanese geology and mineralogy, and reports on copper mining and smelting. Mineralogical and geological collections have also been discovered in museums at Leiden, the Netherlands. These collections are now identified as the research materials used in the preparation of this manuscript, and found to be the first systematic European geo-scientific collections from Japan. The collection of rocks and minerals from Japan has been proved as mostly collected and identified by Heinrich Burger (1806-1858), a pharmacist and assistant to von Siebold. Burger classified the collection using two nomenclature systems, those of A. G. Werner and R. Hauy. We further point out that the Dutch were interested in the useful natural resources of their trading partner, carrying out a survey of coal mines in Japan, and the trial of tea transplantation from Japan to Java. In my research on the newly found manuscripts and collections of geology and mineralogy, I clarify that von Siebold and Burger intensively investigated Japanese copper mining and smelting. They reported their visit to the Sumitomo copper refinery at Osaka, and Burger wrote an article on Japanese copper in the journal of the Batavian Society for Arts and Sciences. In conclusion, based on close study of newly examined manuscripts and detailed identification of geological collections, a network of interest in Japan’s geology and mineralogy by Dutch colonial scientist is illustrated, and its hybrid character is demonstrated against the background of Dutch- Japan cultural exchange.

In the early nineteenth century, regular meteorological observations started at the Faculty of Natural Philosophy of the University of Coimbra (FPUC). From 1854 to 1856 these observations were published in O Instituto, a journal of an academic society of the same name, founded in Coimbra in 1852. This new area of science aroused great interest, offering itself as unexplored territory waiting for scientific investigation. In reaction to the pioneering work at the Polytechnic School of Lisbon of Guilherme Pegado, who founded the first meteorological observatory in Portugal in 1854, the FPUC established a Meteorological and Magnetic Observatory in Coimbra. The main actor was, from 1863, the physicist Jacinto António de Sousa. In the twentieth century, the increasing need for weather forecasting, especially at sea, led to the creation of the Meteorological Services of the Navy in which Carvalho Brandão played a pivotal role. It was the beginning of an international cooperation that brought Jacob Bjerknes to Portugal. He addressed a conference at Coimbra recommending the creation of a meteorological station in the Azores, to relay observational data from vessels travelling in the Atlantic. The Portuguese meteorological services were scattered in various institutions until 1946, when the National Meteorological Services (NMS) were created. Based on articles published in O Instituto and on the activities of the academy with the same name, we provide an overview of the evolution of meteorology in Portugal until the establishment of the NMS, with particular emphasis on the work of the Meteorological and Magnetic Observatory at the University of Coimbra.

Robert Bedford (1874–1951), based in the isolated community of Kyancutta in South Australia, was a unique contributor to world geology, specifically in the field of meteorites and fossil archaeocyatha. Born Robert Arthur Buddicom in Shropshire, UK, he was an Oxford graduate who worked as a scientist in Freiberg, Naples, Birmingham and Shrewsbury as well as with the Natural History Museum, Kensington and the Plymouth Museum in the United Kingdom. He was a Fellow of the Geological Society of London, 1899–1910. In 1915, Buddicom changed his surname to Bedford and relocated to South Australia. During the 1920s, Bedford expanded his geological interests with the establishment of a public museum in Kyancutta in 1929. This included material previously collected and stored in the United Kingdom before being sent to Australia. Bedford was very successful in collecting material from the distant Henbury meteorite craters in Australia's Northern Territory, during three separate trips in 1931–1933. He became an authority on meteorites with much Henbury material being sent to the British Museum in London. However, Bedford's work on, and collecting of, meteorites resulted in a serious rift with the South Australian scientific establishment. Bedford is best known amongst geologists for his five taxonomic papers on the superbly preserved lower Cambrian archaeocyath fossils from the Ajax Mine near Beltana in South Australia's Flinders Ranges with field work commencing in about 1932 and extending until World War II. This research, describing thirty new genera and ninety-nine new species, was published in the Memoirs of the Kyancutta Museum, a journal that Bedford personally established and financed in 1934. These papers are regularly referenced today in international research dealing with archaeocyaths.

We have the honor to invite you to access the latest, this time mainly philosophical, issue of the semi-annual journal of the Faculty of Philosophy of the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Cracow. It is largely devoted to the thought of Fr. Prof. Stanisław Ziemiański, PhD, S.J., an important and vivid figure of the Cracow Jesuit philosophical center. He was a student of Fr. Prof. Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec, O.P., who was the supervisor of his doctoral thesis defended at the Catholic University of Lublin in 1978. From 1962 to 2006, Fr. Ziemiański taught metaphysics, natural theology, philosophy of God and cosmology at the then Faculty of Philosophy of the Society of Jesus in Krakow, and from 1988 to 2006, he also taught the history of medieval philosophy. For many years, he worked at the Pontifical Academy of Theology in Cracow (the present-day Pontifical University of John Paul II) and at the Faculty of Theology in Bratislava, Slovakia. Father Ziemiański’s writings dealt with metaphysical and epistemological issues, but he devoted most of his attention to the question of God (primarily the arguments for His existence) developing considerations at the crossroads of metaphysics and sciences, mainly physics and cosmology. He included his reflections on this topic in a monograph titled Teologia naturalna. Filozoficzna problematyka Boga (Kraków 1995, 2008). Father Professor also studied the philosophy of inanimate nature, using the results of natural sciences, which he interpreted in a neo-Thomistic spirit. Father Ziemiański’s 90th birthday provided a great opportunity to summarize and deliver an initial critical response to the 60 years of his scientific work. To commemorate this event, the Institute of Philosophy at the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Cracow organized a one-day scientific symposium titled Around the Philosophical Reflections of Stanisław Ziemiański, which took place on Tuesday, December 14, 2021, within the walls of his alma mater. Subsequent papers by researchers from various academic centers dealt with issues from his key areas of scientific interest, namely, Fr. Ziemiański’s metaphysics, his natural theology, philosophy of nature, his research on the philosophy of Francis Suarez, meta-philosophical problematics and the relationship between science and religion.

Batik culture has succeeded in becoming a driving force of the creative economy and providing employment opportunities in various areas of Indonesia. However, the rapid development of batik does not guarantee the success of the batik businesses to be sustainable. One example occurs in one of the national batik industry centers, namely Cirebon. The famous culture of batik in Cirebon is synonymous with the craft center located in Trusmi Village. However, Cirebon also has other areas that are actively producing batik, such as Ciwaringin Village. Contrast to the popular Trusmi Village, Ciwaringin Village's batik tends to fade. The craftmanship of hand-written batik is assumed as one obstacle in responding to consumer trends and demands. In regards, this research aims to explore the alternative designs in developing Ciwaringin batik by infusing the trendy hypernature concept for home décor product. The idea of the batik development design is initiated to respond the growing trend of home décor consumption and the rise of hype nature concept of innovations, which is the integration of technology and nature to support sustainability. Thus, the design method used is a collaboration of Ciwaringin batik traditional elements with the trend of 2022/2023. The collaboration of traditional and the trend elements is considered sufficient in helping craftsmen to be responsive to the latest developments happened amidst society. Through the design process, it was discovered the potency of new designs and the rise of new market segments. Although the design project should be considered as an early stage of development, but it can be concluded that there are positive indications of implementing the trend elements for developing traditional batik designs.Keywords: batik Ciwaringin, home décor, hypernature. AbstrakBudaya batik kini berhasil menjadi satu penggerak ekonomi kreatif hingga membuka peluang ketenagakerjaan di beragam wilayah Indonesia. Namun maraknya perkembangan batik, tidak lantas menjanjikan kesuksesan seluruh pelaku usaha batik untuk mampu berkelanjutan. Sebagai contoh adalah sentra industri batik nasional, yaitu kota Cirebon. Hingga kini budaya pembatikan di Cirebon identik dengan sentra yang berlokasi di Desa Trusmi. Namun kota Cirebon pun memiliki beragam wilayah lainnya yang aktif menghasilkan batik, seperti Desa Ciwaringin. Berbeda dengan Desa Trusmi yang populer, industri batik Desa Ciwaringin cenderung meredup. Ciri khas batik tulis yang mengandalkan keahlian tangan para pengrajin batik digadang menjadi kendala dalam merespon tren dan permintaan konsumen. Menanggapi hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan menggali potensi rancangan alternatif untuk pengembangan batik Ciwaringin, yaitu melalui desain batik dengan inspirasi hypernature untuk home décor. Gagasan desain batik tersebut didasari oleh tumbuhnya tren konsumsi produk home décor yang meningkat dan berkembangnya inovasi dengan konsep hypernature, yaitu terpadunya teknologi dan alam untuk mendukung keberlanjutan. Oleh karena itu, metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah kolaborasi unsur tradisi batik Ciwaringin dengan unsur tren 22/23. Kolaborasi unsur tradisional dan unsur tren dinilai sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian karena mendorong para pengrajin untuk tanggap terhadap perkembangan masyarakat terkini. Melalui proses desain, ditemukan potensi rancangan batik Ciwaringin baru dan terbukanya segmentasi pasar baru. Meskipun proyek desain dalam penelitian ini masih tergolong sebagai tahap awal, namun terindikasi adanya dampak positif dari implementasi unsur tren pada pengembangan desain batik tradisional.Kata Kunci: batik Ciwaringin, home décor, hypernature. 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In the new issue, our scientific journal offers you nine scientific articles. As always, we try to offer a wide variety of topics and areas and follow current trends in the history of science and technology. The issue of the journal opens with an article dedicated to the formation and development of natural history museology in Europe in the 15th–19th centuries. The development of scientific knowledge at that time affects the idea of the world order and the place of man in it, and the combination of knowledge with practical experience leads to the birth of true science. It is shown that one of the most important components of the development of natural sciences, in particular biological sciences, was the collection of naturalia (i.e. objects of natural origin), the rapid surge of interest in which contributed to the Great Geographical Discoveries. In chronological order, the further historical development of museum work from private collections in Italy to the formation of a prototype of a genuine museum, which performs the main museum functions such as amassment, storage and demonstration of collections, is considered. The article by Leonid Griffen and co-authors considers the object and subject of the history of science and technology, its place in the system of sciences. Today, more and more people are turning to the factors that determine the interaction of the society with the environment (productive forces of the society), to study which in the historical aspect and called a special scientific discipline the history of science and technology. The composition and development of the technosphere and noosphere are considered in the article. It is shown that the functioning of the technosphere is based on its interaction with the noosphere, which provides information about the environment and controls the effectiveness of interaction with it. It is formed by combining the mental structures of individuals through sign systems. The production process that ensures the functioning of the society begins with the noosphere, which through individual consciousness controls the actions of each individual, who through the means of production (technosphere) interacts with the natural environment. However, the gradual development of productive forces leads at some point to the fact that the information needed by the individual to perform all necessary actions for the benefit of the society, ceases to fit in his individual consciousness. As a result, there is a new social phenomenon the social division of labor. The cardinal solution to the problem is the prospect of humanity entering infinite space. The article by Jun-Young Oh and Hyesook Han is devoted to the study of what Understanding mathematical abstraction in the formularization of Galileo's law. Galileo's revolution in science introduced an analytical method to science that typifies the overall modern thinking of extracting, abstracting, and grasping only critical aspects of the target phenomena and focusing on “how”, which is a quantitative relationship between variables, instead of “why”. For example, to him, the question of 'why does an object fall' is of no significance; instead, only the quantitative relationship between distance from the falling object and time is important. Yet, the most fundamental aspect of his idea is that he introduced a quantified time t. Because, according to atomic theory, vacuum exists between an atom and an object composed of atoms or between objects – ignoring factors that interfere with motion, such as friction – the space for absolute time, which is a mathematical time, can be geometrically defined. In order to justify this mathematical abstraction strategy, thought experiments were conducted rather than laboratory experiments, which at that time were difficult to perform. The article by Vasyl Andriiashko and co-authors provides a thorough overview of the evolutionary process of the emergence, establishment, and development of the Kyiv school of artistic textiles. It reveals the influence of various factors (ideological, political, economic, and aesthetic) on this process. The historical and factual method allowed us to study socio-economic, as well as historical and cultural factors that contributed to the emergence, establishment, and development of the Kyiv textile school in a chronological sequence. It is established that the very fact of emergence of the Kyiv school of artistic textile, as a community of style, unity of forms, preservation, and continuity of traditions, had unbiased backgrounds since Ukrainian decorative weaving, a part of which is Kyiv weaving, inherited the abundant artistic traditions that were created over the centuries and most vividly manifested through the art of Kyivan Rus. In the next article, the authors Artemii Bernatskyi and Mykola Sokolovskyi is devoted to the study history of military laser technology development in military applications. For better understanding and systematization of knowledge about development of historical applications in the military field, an analysis of publicly known knowledge about their historical applications in the leading world countries was conducted. The study focuses on development that was carried out by the superpowers of the Cold War and the present era, namely the United States, the Soviet Union and the Peoples Republic of China, and were built in metal. Multiple avenues of various applications of laser technology in military applications were studied, namely: military laser rangefinders; ground and aviation target designators; precision ammunition guidance systems; non-lethal anti-personnel systems; systems, designed to disable optoelectronics of military vehicles; as well as strategic and tactical anti-air and missile defense systems. The issues of ethical use of laser weapons and the risks of their use in armed conflicts, which led to an international consensus in the form of conventions of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross, were also considered. As a result of the analysis, a systematic approach to the classification of applications of laser technology in military products by three main areas of development was proposed: ancillary applications, non-lethal direct action on the human body and optical devices of military equipment, and anti-aircraft and anti-missile defensive systems. The author of the following article considered the front line transporter as the embodiment of the USSR military doctrine in the middle of the 20th century. The paper based on a source analysis of the history of creation, design, and production of LuAZ-967, LuAZ-967M, against the background of the processes of implementing projects of small tactical high mobility wheeled vehicles for the armies of European countries, shows that the developing, testing, and commissioning a front line transporter became a deepening of the process of motorization of the Soviet army. The designs of similar vehicles have been analyzed. An attempt to assess the degree of uniqueness of the front line transporter design and its place in the history of technology, as well as its potential as a reminder of science and technology has been made. An analysis of the front line transporter design, its systems, compared with its foreign counterparts, suggests that it is a Soviet refinement of the concept of a small army vehicle, a more specific means directly for the battlefield. At the same time, it was developed taking into account foreign developments and similar designs, imitating individual designs, adapting to the capabilities of the USSR automotive industry. The next article is devoted to the study, generalization and systematization of scientific knowledge about the history of the establishment, development and operation of the regional railway system in Bukovyna in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries. The authors attempted to analyze the process of creation and operation of railways in Bukovyna during the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Empire based on a wide range of previously unpublished archival documents, periodicals, statistical literature and memoirs. The article studies the development of organizational bases for the construction of railways, the activity of the communication network management, lists a whole range of requirements and tasks set for railway transport in Bukovyna, the progress of their implementation, considers successes and difficulties in this work. The purpose of the article by authors Sana Simou, Khadija Baba and Abderrahman Nounah is to reveal, recreate as accurately as possible the characteristics of an archaeological site or part of it. The restoration and conservation of monuments and archaeological sites is a delicate operation. It requires fidelity, delicacy, precision and archaeological authenticity. Research during the last two decades has proved that 3D modeling, or the digital documentation and visualization of archaeological objects in 3D, is valuable for archaeological research. The study has opted for the technique of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry by 3D surveys of architectural elements, to develop an archetype of the deteriorated Islamic Marinid site (a dynasty between the 13th and 15th centuries), and the Roman site (25 BC), located at the Chellah archaeological site in Rabat and Salé cities. The data acquired build an architectural database to archive and retrieve the entire existing architecture of monuments. This study has been completed by photogrammetrists, architects, and restorers. The issue of the journal ends with an article devoted to the analyzing the prerequisites and conditions for the foundation of an aircraft engine enterprise in Ukraine. Based on the retrospective analysis, the prerequisites and conditions of the foundation of the aircraft engine enterprise in Aleksandrovsk, Ukraine, were considered. There was a severe gap between the Russian Empire and European countries in the development pace of the aviation industry during World War I. This prompted the Russian Empire to raise foreign capital, as well as attract technologies and specialists to develop aircraft engineering and other industries. By 1917, the plant had gained the status of Russia’s largest engine-building enterprise in terms of building area and one of the best in equipment. It is evident that the beginning of aircraft engine production in Aleksandrovsk relates to the establishment of a branch of Petrograd Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical Structures and the plant’s purchase from the Moznaim brothers. We hope that everyone will find interesting useful information in the new issue. And, of course, we welcome your new submissions.

William Coley, a young surgeon at New York Memorial Hospital, was traumatized by the loss of his first patient to bone cancer in 1891. He was unable to save this young patient and she succumbed to her Sarcoma within 3 months of surgery. He searched the hospital archive to learn more about Sarcoma and discovered the case of a patient with a large sarcoma who had undergone five unsuccessful surgeries over a 3 year period. This case had been determined to be hopeless. After the last of these operations, the patient became very ill from an erysipelas infection. Coley was astonished to read that after the fever broke and the patient had recovered, the tumour had vanished. Seven years later, the patient was still alive and well. Coley concluded that whatever had caused the fever must also have destroyed the cancer. Coley searched for and found this patient still in excellent health. Coley reasoned that if a chance infection could make tumours vanish, then a purposefully induced infection could do the same. The hypothesis was tested by infecting his next 10 patients with Streptococcus pyogenes to cause Erysipelas. Some of the patients were difficult to infect, some died, and some had a strong reaction and their disease regressed. Coley switched to deactivated S. pyogenes to avoid the mortality observed with the live strain. Afterxperimentation with various formulations, a combination of S pyogenes and Serratia marcescens was decided upon and became known as Coley’s Toxin. The preferred method of delivery was injection of the toxin directly into the primary tumour or metastases in increasing doses to avoid immune tolerance. Fever response in the patient was essential to imitate a naturally occurring infection and the body’s natural response. Though Coley met with success, this therapy was abandoned as chemotherapy became more popular. Hoption Cann SA, Gunn HD, van Netten JP, van Netten C. Dr William Coley and tumour regression: a place in history or in the future. Post Graduate Medical Journal 2003; 79:672-680. Hobohm U. Fever and Cancer in Perspective. Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy 2001; 50:391-396. Grange JM, Standord JL, Stanford CA. Campbell De Morgan’s ‘Observations on cancer’, and their relevance today. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2002 (June); 95:296-299.

Similar to many other species groups, insects are affected by the biodiversity crisis caused by land use and climate changes, over or under use of resources, pollution, and invasive alien species (IPBES 2019). After the famous Krefeld study, which highlighted a loss of 75% of the insect biomass over the last 27 years in protected areas in Germany (Hallmann et al. 2017), further scientific articles and reviews have been published on this topic (e.g., Seibold et al. 2019; Wagner 2020). Nowadays, it is obvious, that the diversity and biomass of insects are strongly threatened globally. Nevertheless, not all insect populations are decreasing. Some thermophilous species can benefit from climate change and hence expand their population size and their distribution (e.g., Roth et al. 2021). There are also examples of increasing insect populations due to successful conservation measures (e.g., Walter et al. 2017). A comprehensive recent study published in a Swiss Academic Report (Widmer et al. 2021) concluded that conservation measures are urgently needed to avoid dramatic losses of insects and the valuable ecosystem services they provide. This is necessary for all activity sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and energy production. Among other measures, this report recommends an intensification of species monitoring and research activities in entomology, and an improvement in knowledge transfer. Our journal, Alpine Entomology, fulfills this goal extremely well. As an open-access journal, we aim at publishing inter alia research and review articles, short communications and checklists on arthropods not only from the Alps but also from other mountainous regions. In doing so, we contribute to the dissemination of knowledge on insects to a broad audience. For example, more than twenty articles published in Alpine Entomology since 2017 have acquired more than 2’000 unique views. To improve the international impact and scientific quality of Alpine Entomology, we can now count on our recently formed editorial board. The board members will act as ambassadors for our journal outside of Switzerland, as well as support us in our strategic decisions. Our Editorial board is currently composed of the following people: Prof. Dr. Thibault Lachat, Editor in chief, Bern University of Applied Sciences Dr. Oliver Martin, President of the Swiss Entomological Society, ETH Zurich Dr. Yves Basset, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama Prof. Dr. Inon Scharf, Tel Aviv University PD Dr. Seraina Klopfstein, Natural History Museum, Basel Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev, Managing Director and Founder of Pensoft Publishers We are open to extending this board by inviting a few additional members, and especially hope to recruit international researchers working in regions not currently represented. A few weeks ago, we launched our first topical collection, a step that should also help to increase the attractivity of our journal. This collection is focused on arthropods associated with aquatic ecosystems in mountainous regions. Aquatic ecosystems and especially running waters represent some of the most impacted environments on the planet. Furthermore, aquatic invertebrates are key indicators of global or local changes, and many aquatic ecosystems are closely linked to mountains as they originate in them. With this open collection, Alpine Entomology now provides authors with an opportunity to submit manuscripts based on already available data with clear evidence for changes/trends in aquatic arthropods (even where sampling designs were not initially conceived for this goal). Such studies would be highly relevant to improving our understanding of developments concerning arthropod populations and knowledge of aquatic species. With this initiative, we aim to provide a platform for scientists to publish research articles or short notes on trends and/or changes in biogeography, species community or distribution, as well as behavior, or morphology of aquatic arthropods from mountainous regions. The editors of this collection (Jean-Luc Gattolliat and Dávid Murányi) will be inviting authors to submit their manuscript and will offer a fee waiver for invited contributions. The topical collection is also open to relevant additional contributions (for details see https://alpineentomology.pensoft.net/special_issues). Over the next months, we plan to launch further topical collections and therefore hope to offer attractive avenues for researchers to publish their results in our journal. The editorial board will be involved in evaluating suggestions for future topics, as well as recruiting new topics in a targeted fashion. After five years of existence, Alpine Entomology has already surmounted different challenges. Since 2019, our journal has been indexed in Emerging Sources Citation by Clarivate Analytics and since 2020, we are also indexed by Scopus. One of our goals for the next years will be to obtain an impact factor from Clarivate. This would provide a clear signal that our journal is well established and recognized in the scientific community. To reach this goal, we need to recruit and secure a consistent flow of manuscripts aiming at ca. 20–25 published papers per year. Of course, the quality of our published articles must also be guaranteed. Fortunately, for this we can continue to count on the strong support of our expert subject editors and the numerous reviewers. Here, we would like to take the opportunity to thank all those involved for their essential contributions to our journal over the years since its creation.