Journal articles: 'Jordan – Foreign economic relations'

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Helalat, Mohamad Ali. "The legal guarantees to protect foreign investment in Jordan." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 21, no. 1 (October 11, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-01-2021-0003.

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Purpose This paper aims to indicate that the foreign investment system in Jordan includes many provisions that create an appropriate environment for encouraging foreign investments and grant a distinctive treatment for the foreign investor that allows them the status equal to the national investor. Design/methodology/approach This study deals with the protection provided by the Jordan Government for foreign investments to attract foreign investment by studying the guarantees given by Jordan including many legal principles that encourage investment. The legal guarantees for the foreign investor enhance the confidence of the foreign investor in the host country. Findings The system provides a lot of guarantees with respect to non-commercial risks to which the foreign investor may be exposed. Originality/value The paper also clarifies that the role played by bilateral agreements in the field of investments, as these agreements give foreign investments a measure of protection through the guarantees and they are considered as incentives for the investor.

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Alshwawra, Ahmad, and Ahmad Almuhtady. "Impact of Turmoil and Gas Resources in the Eastern Mediterranean on Jordanian Energy Security and Foreign Policy." Transformation of Turkey’s Defense Industry: Causes, Context and Consequences 22, Summer 2020 (September 16, 2020): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25253/99.2020223.13.

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The Mediterranean region has witnessed a lot of turbulence in the last decade. On the one hand, the Arab uprising changed the shape of the regional relations towards more rivalry. On the other hand, the discovery of natural gas resources has opened up a valuable chance for cooperation and settling the long-standing disputes. Jordan is affected by what happens in the Mediterranean region in more than one aspect. The various economic difficulties including energy insecurity, resulting from multiple refugee crises and the interruption of Egyptian gas is one of the most critical challenges Jordan has ever faced. As a heavy energy importer, the Jordanian energy sector is very sensitive to the regional and International context. The recently discovered Eastern Mediterranean gas is an attractive energy resource for Jordan. Nonetheless, a fear of its influence on the Jordanian foreign policy in the Palestinian context has grown. This article discusses the impact of the recent turmoil in the Mediterranean region on Jordan energy security. It tracks the change of energy security in Jordan between 2010 and 2018 using a proposed energy security framework. The article also discusses the potential implications of Jordan’s decision to import the Mediterranean gas through Israel on Jordanian energy security using the proposed energy security framework. Moreover, the article utilizes semi-systematic literature review methodology to analyze international, regional and national contexts in order to investigate the potential ramifications of that decision on Jordanian foreign policy regarding the Palestinian cause.

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باقر, أ. م. د. اسامة مرتضى, and أ. م. د. اسامة مرتضى باقر. "Iraq's foreign policy and the regional context, the input of instability and mechanisms of normalization." مجلة العلوم السياسية, no. 52 (February 20, 2019): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.30907/jj.v0i52.67.

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Iraq has suffered since 1991 from international sanctions imposed on it by the dictatorial regime that existed at the time, invading Kuwait, which led to the decline of the status of Iraq and the isolation of international and regional (Arab) and clear Iraq as a strange entity living within its regional environment, after April 2003 did not change much In fact, there were no signs of détente before the Arab League summit in Baghdad in 2011, and the signs of a break in the stalemate in inter-relations over the past years have become evident. Disruption and refraction was not high (Islamic Republic of Iran, Turkey, Syrian Arab Republic, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait). Each side is governed by perceptions about Iraq, especially after 2003, and the political and economic developments taking place.

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Zajaczkowski, Małgorzata. "External and internal liberalization that ENP promotes as transmission belts of democratization and political stability: success and failure revisited - the Southern Dimension." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 3 (November 26, 2017): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2017.3.5.

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The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) was launched in 2004 with the aim of building new political and economic relations between the EU and its Southern and Eastern neighboring states through support for introduction of reforms and systemic changes in the partner states. In the South, the initiative covered ten countries: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria and Tunisia. It was associated with better political and economic relations with the EU, which should result in a wider access to the European market for Mediterranean goods and a larger foreign direct investment in$ow to the partner countries' markets. The aim of the paper is to analyze the effects of ENP on the Southern Mediterranean neighbors in the context of economic liberalization and pro-democratic changes. The paper analyses two problems: economic development and trade liberalization offered by ENP through deeper integration with the EU and marketoriented regulations. The second problem analyzed in the paper concerns the process of democratic changes that the EU committed to promote. Due to the highly controversial nature of democratization for the Mediterranean states, it was replaced by the idea of good governance. For this purpose, general trends within the Mediterranean societies in their approach to that notion of governance are presented.

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Saymeh, Abdul Aziz Farid, Marwan Mohammad Abu Orabi, and Abdullah A. S. Alshourah. "The Impact of Inflation Prospects on Investments of Industrial Companies (Jordan’ case)." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (May 21, 2021): 916–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.87.

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This paper aimed to evaluate the impact of inflation prospects on investments of Industrial Companies in Jordan. The main objective is to elaborate the most relevant and feasible techniques to improve the prospects for developing the invests in the industrial sector. In the introduction part, inflation prospects and selected methods of analysis via available information resources were defined. It is well known that inflation is a prominent economic phenomenon in the modern world. The financial inflation is the prime objective of present study because it is primarily concerned with the investment process, especially to consider that inflation almost affects both the foreign and domestic direct investments by almost equal rates. The topic of industrial development is highly concerned with process of investment in Jordan. This research deals with the inflation effect on investment outcomes of most industrial companies in Jordan. This study will contribute to enrich the existing literature with financial structure and investment decisions via monetary inflation represented by capital, commodity and imports within the set of industrial companies. The study tool is a questionnaire that collected the needed data aiming to elaborate the preset conclusions of this research. Pearson correlation testing program was implemented to measure the relation between inflation and investment procedures. Overall outcomes revealed that the lowest coefficient observed between imports inflation. and all other variables were reversed, most increases in imports inflation were almost stabilized by the decrease of the other variables. While all other correlation values were positive.

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Da Silva, Leonardo Luiz Silveira. "O papel das estratégias norte-americanas para as rupturas paradigmáticas na orientação da Política Externa jordaniana na segunda metade do século XX/The role of U.S. strategies for the paradigmatic changes in Jordanian foreign policy." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 186–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2016.v5n1.09.p186.

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Resumo: A descolonização do Oriente Médio que originou novos Estados na região da Bacia do rio Jordão, coincide temporalmente com um novo arranjo da ordem mundial que se reorganizava no período pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. A trajetória da política externa da Jordânia na segunda metade do século XX é extremamente didática para entendermos os efeitos das relações de poder entre as nações em âmbito regional e global para a mudança de comportamento dos Estados que praticavam políticas anti-hegemônicas. Nesta trajetória destaca-se a intensa disputa pelos escassos recursos hídricos regionais, à medida que o recurso é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas e para a própria soberania do Estado. Na já distante década de 1950, poucos anos após o conflito da Guerra de Independência que opôs Israel e os Estados árabes vizinhos, a Jordânia passou a adotar uma postura intransigente em relação à aproximação com Israel, apesar dos esforços dos Estados Unidos para promover a estabilidade regional. Com o acordo de paz entre Egito e Israel, mediado pelos Estados Unidos e costurado na virada das décadas de 1970 e 1980, o tabu da oposição sistemática a Israel foi rompido. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as mudanças na política externa da Jordânia na segunda metade do século XX, associando estas mudanças às novas estratégias norte-americanas para região, permitindo a compreensão das novas formas de imperialismo que dominam o cenário do Oriente Médio desde a década de 1970.Palavras-Chave: Jordânia, Estados Unidos, Israel, políticas anti-hegemônicas. Abstract: The decolonization of the Middle East that originated in the new states of the Jordan Basin region coincides temporally with a new arrangement of the world order, which is rearranged in the post - World War II period. The trajectory of the Jordanian foreign policy in the second half of the twentieth century is extremely didactic to understand the effects of power relations between nations on a regional and global level to the changing behavior of States which practiced anti - hegemonic politics. On this path there is the intense competition for scarce regional water resources, as the feature is essential for the development of economic activities and the very sovereignty of the state. In the distant 1950s, a few years after the conflict of the War of Independence which opposed Israel and neighboring Arab states, Jordan adopted an uncompromising stance towards rapprochement with Israel, despite U.S. efforts to promote peace in the region. With the peace agreement between Egypt and Israel, brokered by the United States and sewn at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, the pattern of systematic opposition to Israel was broken. This paper aims to present the changes in Jordan's foreign policy in the second half of the twentieth century, linking these changes to the new US strategy for the region, allowing the understanding of new forms of imperialism which dominate the Middle East scenario since the decade 1970.Keywords: Jordan, United States, Israel, anti - hegemonic politics.

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DZHUMAGULOVA, A. T. "NOGAY DIASPORA IN THE TURKISH REPUBLIC (FORMATION HISTORY AND PRESENT STATE)." Kavkazologiya, no. 2 (2021): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2021-2-40-60.

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The article highlights a little-studied problem – the history of the formation and current situation of the nogai diaspora in the republic of Turkey, which arose as a result of the migration waves of nogai societies from the territories of the North Caucasus and the Northern Black Sea region from the end of the XVIII century to the beginning of the XX century. The relevance of the study is due to the complexity and inconsistency of the topic of russian-turkish relations and their influence on the causes and nature of the migrations of the nogai to the territory of the Ottoman empire, which laid the foundation for the formation of the foreign nogai diaspora. The relevance of this study also lies in the absence of generalizing publications on this topic. The article presents the periodization of the nogai exodus to the Ottoman empire, which makes it possible to build a certain logical connection between the different stages of the emergence and development of the nogai diaspora in the Turkish republic. The factors that influenced the resettlement of nogai societies to Turkey in different periods are shown. Socio-economic, political and psychological reasons played a key role in this process. The processes of adaptation of nogai societies in the regions of the Ottoman empire, as well as the specifics of the settlement of nogai in Turkey and its regions in the period under review, are partially covered. The author of the article touches upon the problem of the division of the foreign nogai diaspora, in which the nogai found themselves after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, representatives of the nogai diaspora live in Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Bulgaria and Romania. Part of the turkish nogai in the middle of the XX century emigrated to Western Europe.

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Ivanov, S. M. "Joe Biden's visit to the Middle East: losses and gains." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2205-05.

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The article analyzes the US foreign policy in the Middle East in the context of the growing confrontation between the collective West and Russia against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis. Particular attention is paid to the results of the visit of US President Joe Biden to Israel, to the West Bank of the Jordan River to the State of Palestine and to Saudi Arabia, which he made in mid-July 2022. The author comes to the conclusion that another attempt by Washington to draw the countries of the region into its behind-the-scenes foreign policy games has failed. The Middle Eastern allies and partners of the United States represented by Israel, the monarchies of the Persian Gulf and other Arab states took a neutral position in relation to the confl ict in Ukraine, and the oil and gas exporting countries did not go for a sharp increase in hydrocarbon supplies to the EU countries and the UK, as he insistently asked Biden. The White House failed to put together a regional anti-Iranian bloc on the basis of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC), as the leaders of Qatar, Oman and Iraq are determined to maintain their traditional ties and contacts with Tehran. Moreover, these countries are making mediation eff orts to normalize relations between the Saudi Arabia and Iran, and there are prerequisites for success in this matter. In general, the Arabs do not support the US administration's concept of hegemony in the world and building a unipolar world order in the Middle East. Even with some remaining dependence on the United States and the West as a whole in the fi nancial, economic, military-technical and other fi elds, the Arab countries prefer to pursue an independent policy on key issues of our time, develop a multipolar world, and maintain mutually benefi cial and respectful relations with all states, including China and Russia. The Arab capitals are in no hurry to speed up the rapprochement with the State of Israel, which is imposed by Washington, expecting from its leadership to intensify eff orts to justly resolve the Palestinian problem and liberate the illegally occupied Arab lands. Even the bogey exaggerated by the White House of a common threat to the Middle East from the hypothetical appearance of Iran's nuclear weapons and its expansion in the region cannot persuade the Persian Gulf monarchies and other Arab countries to cooperate with Jerusalem in the military or military-technical fields.

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HUAN, GUOCANG. "China's Foreign Economic Relations." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 519, no. 1 (January 1992): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716292519001013.

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Areiqat, Ahmad Y., and Hanan Ibrahim. "The Impact of Turning Jordan into an Economic Free Zone on the Flow of Foreign Investments." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 12 (November 12, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n12p61.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to show that turning Jordan into an economic free zone will lead to a significant increase in foreign investments. This increase, in turn, will lead to an economic growth and to a reduction in the unemployment rate. Jordan is a developing country and any successful investments in the economy sector will have a positive impact on the quality of the social life of its people. This is particularly important now in view of the economic pressure that Jordan is going through as a result of the presence of a huge number of immigrants who have fled the civil wars in neighboring countries.  Methodology: This study has utilized the relevant literature by way of evaluating the benefits of establishing economic free zones in Jordan. Many of the findings are based on analyzing statistical information published by governmental institutions in Jordan. Findings: Jordan offers an attractive investment environment due to the security and stability it enjoys compared with other countries in the Arab region. As such, it has succeeded in establishing new economic free zones through partnership with foreign investors. This has led to a significant increase in the flow of more foreign investments in Jordan. The present study shows that turning the whole of Jordan into an economic free zone will lead to yet a further increase of foreign investments, and hence to more empowerment of the economic sector. Limitations:  The quantitative data available is limited to the years 1999-2007. Value: The findings of this study can be a point of departure for researchers and economic decision-makers in Jordan to prepare economic plans with the purpose of attracting foreign investments and hence promoting economic growth in the country.

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Husein, Jamal G. "Foreign aid, workers’ remittances and economic growth in Jordan." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 532–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2018-0293.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run impact of foreign aid and workers’ remittances on Jordanian economic growth using time series data for the period 1970–2014. Following the most recent literature, the author also assess whether economic policy enhances economic growth and whether aid effectiveness is conditional on levels of economic policy. Design/methodology/approach The author employs unit root tests that allow for endogenously determined structural breaks (Perron, 1997) and properly utilize the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) or bounds testing approach to cointegration by applying both the F- and the t-test statistics (Pesaran et al., 2001). The analysis is applied to 12 different models that incorporates the various types and sources of foreign aid. Findings Empirical results suggest that aid and its various components, and workers’ remittances have had a positive and significant long-run impact on economic growth. Empirical results also show: no evidence supporting the hypothesis that aid is only or more effective in spurring economic growth during periods of “good” macroeconomic policy, i.e., when Jordan has undertaken World Bank Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs); no robust evidence supporting the World Bank’s claim that SAPs are growth enhancing. Moreover, the author found strong empirical evidence suggesting that exports and human capital are also major determinants of long-run growth in Jordan. Research limitations/implications Although Jordan and the region at large have experienced periods of major political instability that may have had a varying impact on the economy, lack of a reliable and lengthy time series measure that accounts for political instability is not available to include in the study. Practical implications Using cointegration analysis, our empirical evidence reveals that foreign aid, labor remittances, exports and human capital have had a robust positive long-run impact on economic growth. Hence, the Jordanian government should promote policies that encourage donor countries and agencies to further extend aid to Jordan. Moreover, policies that promote exports and facilitate labor mobility to neighboring countries should also be encouraged and promoted. Originality/value Despite receiving a significant amount of foreign aid and labor remittances in the last 50 years, the author found no time series study that tested the long-run impact of these external financing sources on growth in Jordan. This study fills that gap and extends the analysis to test whether macroeconomic policy is growth enhancing and whether aid (and several of its components) are only effective or more effective in promoting growth during periods of “good” macroeconomic policy, i.e., when Jordan has undertaken a World Bank SAP.

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Mamenova, K. M. "FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF ARGENTINA." EurasianUnionScientists 1, no. 5(74) (June 14, 2020): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.1.74.733.

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For Argentina, the export has become the reliance in Economy and International Relationships. Tackling the index of globalisation, called KOF1, Argentina is rated as 66, 51. The ratio, which demonstrates the development of economically-globalised relationships between the state and overseas countries, is sufficiently high. Therefore, considering the evolution of relationships with multiply world markets is fundamental as a method of qualification for bilateral relations and regional links. Argentina has external economic relations with numerous states. The article studies the issues of substantive trade tendencies of Argentina international contacts.

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Haggard, S., and M. Noland. "North Korea's foreign economic relations." International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 8, no. 2 (April 5, 2008): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcn005.

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Al-karasneh, Huthaifa, Ashraf Bataineh, Osama Hayajneh, and Omar Khodirat. "Does foreign portfolio investment improve the economic growth of Jordan?" Accounting 7, no. 7 (2021): 1669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.5.003.

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This paper aims to examine the impact of short and long-term active Foreign Portfolio Investments (FPI) on Jordan Economic Growth (EG) thru (1996-2017) by employing some econometric methods like ARDL and Error Correction Models to reach the study results. Findings reveal that FPI have a long-term statistical positive impact on EG at level (5%) and also have a short-term negative impact on EG at level (5%), where EG needs about ten years to reach a full adjustment.

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Al-Mihyawi, Dr Sabah Noori. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Jordan." Journal of Administration and Economics 2019, no. 119 (March 1, 2019): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jae.42.2019.119.6.

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Ivanov, N., and A. Loshchakov. "Foreign Economic Relations of CMEA Countries." Problems in Economics 29, no. 1 (May 1986): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-199129013.

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Bublik, V. A., and А. V. Gubareva. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS." ВЕСТНИК ПЕРМСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ, no. 36 (2017): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2017-36-169-180.

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T. W. Ojo and A. A. Adebayo. "Nigeria's Foreign Economic Relations (1998-2014)." Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance 2, no. 3 (January 4, 2023): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/economit.v2i3.818.

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Since Nigeria gained independence, its foreign policy has been guided by the pursuit of its national interests in bilateral and multilateral relationships. This has remained a reflection of Nigeria's understanding of the external environment and internal dynamics. A government's actions that deal with security, defence, international political ties, and international economic interactions are referred to as its foreign policy as a concept. In order for sovereign states to remain relevant within the context of modern global political economy, the post-cold war international system has highlighted the convergence of sovereign states as a desirable goal. In light of this, a state's relative benefits are primarily determined by the design, focus, and execution of its economic diplomacy. Nigeria's economic diplomacy primarily aims to diversify its economic foundation, increase its global market, draw in foreign investment, and control its debt. This study basically looked at how Nigeria's economic diplomatic interactions have influenced or otherwise hindered its development goals. The research focuses on Nigeria's external trade patterns, the draw of foreign investments, foreign loans, and management of external debt. The qualitative descriptive approach of data analysis revealed that the issue of Nigeria's development has not been considerably addressed by the country's foreign economic ties.

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Lozi, Basem M., and Mamoun Shakatreh. "The Impact of International Capital Flows on Jordan’s Economic Growth." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 59 (September 15, 2019): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.59.214.220.

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The aim of this study is to examine the impact of international capital flows on the economic growth in Jordan during the period from 2005 to 2017, The study also examines trends and composition of capital inflows. The study used descriptive analytical research method which was appropriate for the purpose of research. By using time series data, the study found that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI), grants (Gr) and Worker remittances (WR) are positively affecting the economic growth direct contribution. Based on the research results, the study came with a several recommendations, the most important recommendation is; the government of Jordan should create and relax the rules and regulations to attract more investors, and also the government should work hand in hand with the developed countries to create economic and employment opportunities, improve the country’s competitiveness, and expand growth within the private sector so that everyone in Jordan has the opportunity to contribute to a brighter future.

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Shotar, Manhal M., and Basher A. Abdulrazag. "THe impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Jordan." J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development 1, no. 1 (2003): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jibed.2003.007803.

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Al-Khaldi, Mwafaq Dandan. "Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Development in Jordan (1990-2005)." Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2008.16.20.

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Ivanova, Tatyana A. "International Financial Settlements in Foreign Economic Relations." Jurist 8 (July 29, 2020): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3929-2020-8-50-53.

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Mamedova, Nina. "Iran’s Foreign Economic Relations in the Region." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080007061-4.

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O. Al-Smadi, Mohammad. "Determinants of foreign portfolio investment: the case of Jordan." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.27.

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This study investigates the determinants of foreign portfolio investment in Jordan using series of data covering the period from 2000 to 2016. Eight independent variables were employed. They are: aggregate economic activity, inflation, interest rate differentiation, stock market performance, risk diversification, country creditworthiness, governance, and corruption. The regression results show that good and stable macroeconomic environment attracts foreign investors. In addition, foreign investors prefer to invest in the capital market which provides an opportunity of risk diversification. A country that has enough liquidity to meet its obligation, and has well-governed environment attracts more portfolio investment. The results of the study provide empirical evidence about the factors that have a significant impact on the flow of foreign portfolio investment to Jordan. These factors can be utilized when formulating polices by the specialized authorities who are seeking to attract more portfolio investment.

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Al-Majali, Radwan Mahmoud, and Al-Motasem Ahmad A. Alkhalaileh. "Jordanian Foreign Policy in Confrontation with Extremism and Terrorism: The International Alliance Is a Model." Journal of Politics and Law 12, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n4p56.

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The study aims at researching in the Jordanian foreign Policy in confrontation with extremism and terrorism through concentration on factors and determinates that pushed Jordan to enter the International Alliance in fighting terrorism, especially fighting Da’ish organization. Corresponding to that significance of the study appears through discussing the role of the foreign policy and its instruments in limiting the phenomenon of extremism and terrorism and the most important strategies that the states should follow in light of the internal and external environmental impacts in confronting extremism and terrorism within the preventive procedures and terrorist crises management. The study employed the method of decision making in achieving objectives of study and its questions where the main question emerged: what are the most important determinants of the Jordanian Foreign Policy in joining the International Alliance against the terrorism, especially fighting the organization of the Islamic State “Da’ish”? The study deduced a number of results from the most important of them is that: Jordan could take a group of procedures and arrangements at the level of the foreign policy through the period (2011-2017) in confronting extremism ant terrorism within activation of military, diplomatic and media instruments, where the economic instrument appeared from the weakest instruments of the foreign policy and a negative factor in the process of decision-making. The study proved that the joining of Jordan to the International Alliance to fight Dai’sh Organization as a result of great impact of the geographic determinant, and availability of the organization at geographic territories forming a strategic danger on Jordan. The study also recommended with the necessity of treating the social and economic problems as an important side and supporter in enhancing the instruments of the Jordanian Foreign Policy.

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Kasasbeh, Hamad A., and Marwan Alzoub. "The impact of deficit financing on economic stability." Ekonomski pregled 70, no. 5 (2019): 706–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.70.5.2.

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This study examines the effect of deficit financing on economic stability in Jordan during the period 2005-2017, using quarterly data by employing the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) after seasonally adjusting the variables. This paper is unique as it is the first of its kind that tackles the issue of stability in Jordan. It provides empirical evidence that external borrowing (EBDT) and domestic bank financing (BANK) negatively affect economic stability in Jordan. The bank effect is due to crowding out the private sector. External borrowing negative impact is driven by the current high level of outstanding public debt, 98 percent of GDP. Public debt is mainly channeled to finance current expenditures at the expense of capital expenditures, which has a minimal impact on growth. Interest rate (REPO) effect is in line with the finance theory as higher rates lead to lower growth. Non-bank financing (NonBank), although not statistically significant, exhibits the right sign as it has a positive effect. Future research may extend this work by including other macroeconomic variables such as current account deficit, money supply and direct foreign investment.

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Lucas, Russell E. "Jordan: the Death of Normalization with Israel." Middle East Journal 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/58.1.15.

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Many would count Jordanian-Israeli normalization among the victims of the new intifada. Three factors, however, had brought about the death of normalization in Jordan well before October 2000: Israeli intransigence, a regime crackdown on the opposition, and the failure of economic benefits to buy popular support. King Abdullah has inherited a situation where he has turned towards the US rather than Israel as his major foreign policy partner.

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Shalanina, Natalia A. "RUSSIA - PAKISTAN: DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS TODAY." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Economics), no. 4 (2020): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-6646-2020-4-112-117.

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Maksimova, M. "Globalization and Foreign Economic Relations in IMEMO Studies." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2007): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2007-1-96-106.

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Katanaev, N. T., A. V. Zakharova, and M. N. Simutina. "Economic and mathematic model of foreign trade relations." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 1, no. 2 (January 20, 2007): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69798.

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The paper examines the economic and mathematical model of intermarket relationships. The intermarket relationship model was illustrated by the example of the stage of transition from planned to market economy in Russia. This phase is associated with crises and distinct contradictions in management theory on all the levels of state structure.

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Omiunu, Ohiocheoya (Ohio), and Ifeanyichukwu Azuka Aniyie. "Evolution of subnational foreign economic relations in Nigeria." South African Journal of International Affairs 25, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 365–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2018.1526111.

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Slyusarenko, Kateryna, Irina Maksymova, and Anastasiia Beskrovna. "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF UKRAINE AND THE EU." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 30, no. 5 (October 29, 2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3007.

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Foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU are developing under the terms of the Association Agreement coming into force. The article presents both positive and negative sides. The dynamics of foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU countries is analyzed, Ukraine's export and import structure is represented, as well as the proposed priorities of the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union

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Abdalla Moh’d AL-Tamimi, Dr Khaled, Dr Mohammad Sulieman Jaradat, and Dr Ashraf Mahammad Al-Rjoub. "The Role of Central Bank of Jordan in Economic Development." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 510 (October 1, 2019): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861//ijefr.510.221.226.

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The main purpose of this research is to study and highlight that central bank of Jordan (CBJ) plays an important role in economic development. The objective of the financial organization shall be to keep up financial and money stability, to confirm the interchangeability of the Dinar, and to contribute in achieving the banking and money stability within the Kingdom likewise as promoting sustained economic process in accordance with the overall economic policies of the government. To achieve the above- mentioned objectives, CBJ assumes many tasks portrayed in drawing and implementing the financial policy within the Kingdom through an integrated system of monetary policy instruments, setting a evaluation policy of the Dinar compatible with the Jordanian economy, maintaining and managing the Kingdom’s reserves of gold and foreign currencies, regulation credit within the Jordanian economy so as to realize financial and money stability likewise as comprehensive economic process, and issue and regulation bank notes and coins. Subsequently, the central bank plays necessary role within the economic resource allocation of the country. The banking industry may be a major issue that affects the organization of social and economic life cycle within the economies of the planet. it is thought about as associate degree indicator of economic and social growing.. Also, developed financial set up ought to be characterized by the existence of a contemporary and complicated banking industry that contributes to achieving economic balance. It conjointly encourages domestic and foreign investment through the banking system’s ability to states. The aim of the banking industry is to draw in savings domestically and abroad, and direct those savings into productive investment. As a result, this contributes to the accomplishment of economic and social development method, and conjointly facilitates investment activity.

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Колодинський, С. Б., О. В. Захарченко, and М. А. Заєць. "FREE ECONOMIC ZONES IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS." Market economy: modern management theory and practice 18, no. 3(43) (December 16, 2019): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2413-9998.2019.3(43).183647.

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Sabra, Mahmoud Mohammed, and AbdelHakeem Eltalla. "Foreign Aid, Domestic Savings and Economic Growth in Selected MENA Countries." Business and Economic Research 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2016): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v6i1.9204.

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<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">Foreign aid can have either a positive or a negative impact on economic growth. The role of foreign aid in supporting growth by completing domestic savings has been a subject of substantial argument. In this study, we explore the role of foreign aid, trade openness, investment, domestic savings and economic growth in eight MENA countries (Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Tunisia) for the period from 1977 to 2013. The estimation has been done using simultaneous equation model and dynamic panel data system analysis. A negative relationship is found between economic growth and foreign aid. The negative impact of foreign aid on economic growth could be due to presence of Dutch disease and bad policy environment. In addition, foreign aid seems to crowd out domestic savings rather than complementing it. The effects of trade openness and domestic investment on economic growth are significantly positive.</span></p>

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Tahat, Yasean, Mohamed A. Omran, and Naser M. AbuGhazaleh. "Factors affecting the development of accounting practices in Jordan: an institutional perspective." Asian Review of Accounting 26, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 464–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-01-2017-0010.

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Purpose Based on the institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine institutional factors that affect the development of accounting practices in Jordan. Design/methodology/approach The current study surveys the perceptions of 306 participants and 20 interviewees. Findings First, the early formation of accounting practices in Jordan has been affected by the legacy of Ottoman Empire’s and the British Colony’s accounting systems. Second, the results indicate that government of Jordan (regulatory frameworks), pressures from international donors and large economic organizations (politico-economic factors), education and training/development (cultural inputs), and the efforts to attract foreign investments and getting access into the international fund and trade (economic factors) have been influential influences in the development of accounting practices and the adoption of International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) in Jordan. Finally, the findings reveal that “Secrecy” construct (a culture input) has been a problematic in the implementation of IAS/IFRS. Practical implications The current study provides policy implications for the Jordanian policy makers and for other developing countries that are working hard to improve the quality of financial reporting of their business entities. Finally, the authors suggest some great opportunities for future research. Originality/value First, this paper contributes to Jordan’s policy developments including fundamental strategies in terms of attracting foreign investments to expand the economy and the international and regional trade. Second, it fills a gap in the international accounting research by empirically assessing how institutional factors affect the development of accounting practices in emerging country such as Jordan.

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Garten, Jeffrey E., Robert B. Reich, and Robert Kuttner. "Rethinking Foreign Economic Policy." Foreign Affairs 70, no. 3 (1991): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044825.

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Karnups, Viesturs Pauls. "Latvian-Brazilian Economic Relations 1918–1940." Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia 29, no. 2 (December 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/hssl.29.2.02.

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This article provides an overview of Latvian-Brazilian economic relations in the interwar period. In the interwar period, economic relations between Latvia and Brazil were mainly confined to foreign trade. Latvia declared its independence in 1918, however Latvians had been emigrating to Brazil from 1890 and establishing farming colonies. By the end of the 1930s some 8000 Latvians had settled in Brazil. Latvia’s foreign trade in relation to Brazil was regulated by the 1932 Commercial Agreement. Latvia’s main imports from Brazil in the interwar period were coffee, cocoa, hides and furs, tobacco, raw rubber, and cotton, whilst Latvia’s main exports to Brazil were fish conserves, paper, and rubber goods. In general, trade and thus economic relations were of marginal significance to both countries in the interwar period due partly to some similarities in their economic structures, but mainly because of geographical distance.

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Kunz, Diane B., John P. Glennon, Louis J. Smith, Suzanne E. Coffman, and Charles S. Sampson. "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960. Vol. 11: Lebanon and Jordan." Journal of American History 80, no. 2 (September 1993): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080013.

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Karnups, Viesturs Pauls. "Latvian-Lithuanian Economic Relations 1918–1940." Humanities and Social Sciences Latvia 30, no. 1, 2 (December 20, 2022): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/hssl.30.05.

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This paper provides an overview of Latvian-Lithuanian economic relations in the interwar period. In the interwar period, economic relations between Latvia and Lithuania were mainly confined to foreign trade, although there were some investments in Latvia from Lithuania, as well as tourism. Latvia’s foreign trade in relation to Lithuania was regulated by a number of trade treaties and agreements entered into in 1930, 1933, 1935, and 1936. Latvia’s main imports from Lithuania in the interwar period were horses, seed flax, cattle, pigs and piglets, and timber and timber products, whilst Latvia’s main exports to Lithuania were coal, machinery (agricultural and industrial), paper, timber and timber products, rubber goods (including galoshes), cement, as well as radios. In general, trade and thus economic relations were of marginal significance to both countries in the interwar period due mainly to similarities in their agriculturally based economic structures.

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Alalawneh, Mustafa Mohammad. "The Impact of Human Capital and Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Jordan." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i2.16747.

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Human capital is a real factor in improving the investment climate and attracting foreign investment. FDI also increases human capital in the host country through the transfer of advanced technology and the rehabilitation of local labor. The importance of the study comes from Jordan's serious endeavor to attract foreign direct investment and to present itself as a rich country in human and qualified capacities. This study examines the effect of human capital and foreign direct investment on economic growth in Jordan employing Auto Regressive Distributed Lags Bounds Testing (ARDL BT) co-integration method for the spanning period from 1984 to 2018. The results indicate that there is a long- run relationship among variables. The results showed that there is a negative and statistically significant effect of human capital index (HCI) on economic growth (GWP) in the long run, and a positive and statistically significant effect of FDI (GFDI) on economic growth (GWP) in the long run. The estimation results indicate that a 1% increase in (HCI) decreases (GWP) by 0.272%, and a 1% increase in (GFDI) increases (GWP) by 0.006%. This study is one of the few studies that highlight the challenges facing both HC and FDI in increasing economic growth in Jordan and provides some recommendations.

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KAYLI, Ya, and V. V. VELIKOROSSOV. "CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC COMMERCIAL RELATIONS OF RUSSIA." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 6 (2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.06.02.021.

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Unsustainable external environment, cyclical and structural risks, pandemic crisis form a new reality, in which the importance of technologies, models and methods of management of foreign economic commercial relations increases. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state and problems of the development of foreign economic commercial relations in Russia. In accordance with the tasks set, the concept and es-sence of foreign economic commercial relations were clarified, the problems of the development of foreign economic commercial relations of Russia were summarized, and the impact of protectionism, innovation and digitalization on the development of international relations and foreign economic relations was revealed.

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Karnups, Viesturs Pauls. "Latvian-Estonian Economic Relations 1918–1940." Humanities and Social Sciences Latvia 30, no. 1, 2 (December 20, 2022): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/hssl.30.02.

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This paper provides an overview of Latvian-Estonian economic relations in the interwar period. In the interwar period, economic relations between Latvia and Estonia were mainly confined to foreign trade, although there were some investments in Latvia from Estonia, as well as tourism. Latvia’s foreign trade in relation to Estonia was regulated by a number of trade treaties and agreements entered into in 1923, 1927, 1928, 1931, 1932, 1935, and 1937. Latvia’s main imports from Estonia in the interwar period were horses, cement, petroleum products from oil shale (including bitumen, crude oil, etc.) – except petrol, petrol, and fabrics (cotton, linen, wool, etc), whilst Latvia’s main exports to Estonia were linoleum, machinery (agricultural and industrial), timber and timber products (including plywood), rubber goods (including galoshes), paints, inks, and paint products, sugar, as well as radios. In general, trade and thus economic relations were of marginal significance to both countries in the interwar period due mainly to similarities in their agriculturally based economic structures.

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Yahuda, Michael. "The Foreign Relations of Greater China." China Quarterly 136 (December 1993): 687–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000032306.

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Greater China refers in the first instance to the close economic ties of trade, technology transfers and investment that have emerged since the second half of the 1980s linking Taiwan and Hong Kong with the rapid development of southern China. But it also suggests that the economic links are buttressed by familial, social, historical and cultural ties of a peculiarly Chinese kind. These ties and links have developed between different Chinese communities whose political divergences had until recently precluded such a development. Consequently the emergence of Greater China poses new challenges and opportunities to the political identities of its three constituent members and to the conduct of relations between them. Greater China and its possible future trajectory affects and is also affected by the rest of the Asia-Pacific region including the major powers of the United States and Japan as well as those in the immediate vicinity of South-east Asia.

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EFREMOVA, E. I. "AUDIT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4, no. 4 (2021): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.04.04.028.

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Audit plays an important role and is a control mechanism for further reducing the risks and risks of bank-ruptcy of the enterprise. Currently, one of the most important areas in the activities of any state is foreign economic, which includes export and import relations with external states, which requires detailed control and certain audit procedures. To conduct an audit of this type of activity, it is required to use regulatory and audit procedures and mechanisms that are not used in other industries. This article will discuss the main stages and features of conducting, problems and aspects of regulating the audit of foreign economic activity.

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Moh’d AL-Tamimi, Khaled Abdalla, and Mohammad Sulieman Jaradat. "Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth in Jordan for the Period (2010-2017)." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n4p114.

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The study investigates the effect of external debt on economic growth in Jordan by using annual data for the period (2010-2017) by using external debt as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) as an independent variable, and GDP growth rate (A proxy for economic growth) as a dependent variable. The study starts with theoretical literature for the impact of external debt on economic growth, then empirical literature for previous studies that analyze the same relationship, after that analyzing the impact of external debt on economic growth in Jordan during the period (2010-2017). The study finds the same conclusion as previous studies that there is a negative and significant impact of external debt on economic growth during the study period, and recommends relying on other financing methods like foreign direct investment.

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Karnups, Viesturs Pauls. "Latvian–Norwegian Economic Relations 1918–1940." Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia 29, no. 1 (June 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/hssl.29.1.03.

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This article provides an overview of Latvian–Norwegian economic relations in the interwar period. In the interwar period, economic relations between Latvia and Norwegian were mainly confined to foreign trade, although there were some investments in Latvia from Norway as well. Latvia declared its independence in 1918, however normal trade with Norway did not commence until 1920 after the end of the Latvian War of Independence. It ended with the occupation of Norway in 1940. Latvia’s foreign trade in relation to Norway was regulated by the 1924 Commercial and Navigation treaty. Latvia’s main imports from Norway in the interwar period were herrings, cotton cloth, agricultural and industrial machinery, treated hides, various types of metals and metal products, animal fats and fish oils, drive-belts, stones and wire, whilst Latvia’s main exports to Norway were butter, meat, plywood, pit-props and boards, thread, linoleum, pulpwood, gypsum, paints and paint products, as well as radios. In general, trade and thus economic relations were of marginal significance to both countries in the interwar period due mainly to similarities in their economic structures and geographical distance.

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Velikorossov, Vladimir V., Kirill O. Anufriev, and Yan Kylie. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RUSSIA’S FOREIGN ECONOMIC COMMERCIAL RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE CULTURE AND THE INCREASE OF MARKET ENTROPY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4/3, no. 124 (2022): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.04.03.011.

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The article is aimed at analyzing foreign economic commercial relations in Russia in the context of high turbulence of the global market. The purpose of the study is to offer recommendations on the development of foreign economic commercial relations of the region. The article uses methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, analogies, observation, expert, logical, monographic, economic-statistical, computational-constructive and sociological methods. The article analyzes the industry specifics of the formation of foreign economic commercial relations in Russia. An assessment of the peculiarities of foreign economic activity and their foreign economic commercial relations was given. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the development of foreign economic commercial relations depends on the adoption of management decisions at the level of the state, region and enterprise, on the development of strategies, policies, mechanisms for optimizing relations, on the degree of innovation in the management and production of goods and services.

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Saddoon N. Al-Majali. "JORDANIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS THE COUNTRIES OF THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (1999-2019)." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, no. 9(21) (December 30, 2019): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/30122019/6860.

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The study aimed to research the Jordanian foreign policy towards the Gulf Cooperation Council states during the period 1999-2019, as this period is an extension of the previous stages, as during which Jordanian relations with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council were affected as a result of the second Gulf crisis 1990, and the events of September 2001, and what followed in light of the war on Iraq and its occupation by the United States of America, where the United States emerged as a unipolar force that dominates the world.The study showed that Jordanian foreign policy towards the Gulf Cooperation Council countries was affected by regional and international changes, as relations between Jordan and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council were characterized by apathy and approached isolation as a result of Iraq’s occupation of Kuwait, but Jordanian relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council countries improved, as a result of The multiple visits made by King Abdullah II after he assumed power in 1999, to the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, as Jordan's geopolitical position contributes to enhancing security and stability for the countries of the Council in exchange for Israeli expansionist ambitions, because Jordan looks at its security cooperation with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in the framework of the imperatives of mutual security, which posed this perspective as one of the dimensions in the Gulf of Jordan's foreign policy, which has not changed even in periods of Arab division, or during the boycott Cooperation Council (GCC) to Jordan.

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Tahat, Ibrahim. "Association Between Factors Likely to Have an Influence on Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Jordan." SocioEconomic Challenges 6, no. 4 (2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.6(4).34-45.2022.

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Objective: The research objective is to discover associations between factors likely to have an influence on multinational corporations’ foreign direct investment in Jordan. The scope of the research and its objectives are driven by, first and foremost, the fact that there is increasing interest in MNCs’ investments in the MENA region and particularly in Jordan, and second there is a lack of academic research jointly examining the factors behind locational decisions. Research Design & Methods: This study has adopted quantitative methods (non-experimental) because we are able to measure the relationship between the set of variables and set of score. The study designed based on of international business literatures that includes economic, legal, social political factors. Questionnaire survey used to collect that data from sample of 50 companies in operate in Jordan and either owned by foreign inventors or are subsidiary of multinational companies. Findings: the study results indicate mixed views among MNCs because of the current situation and our research results demonstrate that MNCs’ location decision is immensely influenced by economic and political factors, and less by both legal and cultural factors. This indicates there is a similarity with other neighboring countries and significant difference from developed economies western countries. In addition, research finding also indicates that some MNCs mitigating their risk exposure by shifting their investments to relatively more stable business environments, such as the Gulf region and Jordan compared with other Levant countries as confirmed by the FT 2014. Implications & Recommendations: The finding of this research indicate that policy maker in Jordan should concentrate on supporting the macroeconomic environment and maintain its political stability to continue attract FDI. Contribution & Value Added: The existing MNC theory did not jointly examine the factors influencing location decisions, given the scarcity of national publications in the field of international business in Jordan, this research aims at enriching the national literature in this field.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Jordan – Foreign economic relations'

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