Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jonctions triple'
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Park, Seonyong. "Influence de l'irradiation dans les cellules solaires triple jonctions pour des applications spatiales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX039/document.
Full textThis thesis is the result of work on the irradiation effect of lattice matched GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple junction (TJ) solar cells in LILT conditions. Initiated by needs of the understanding of EOL performances of the solar cells in JUICE mission, we have found very peculiar phenomena which are not supposed to occur if it was irradiated at room temperature. First, a bottom component cell exhibited a larger drop of Isc at a lower temperature, which potentially proposes a current limiting by the bottom sub-cell in the TJ structure. A temperature dependence of RF(Isc) recovery by an isochronal annealing and the orientation dependence of Isc degradation of the bottom component cell have implied that its degradation mechanism could be related to defect clusters formed along proton tracks, acting like insulating (non active) area for minority carriers. Second, we have observed in general larger degradation of FF and Pmax from electron irradiated TJ cells compared to proton irradiated ones. This distinct difference has originated especially from the top and bottom sub-cells due to the occurrence of excess dark current. This additional current in dark seems to be related to the indirect tunneling effect by defects induced by electron irradiation. Furthermore, EOL FF and Pmax appeared to be more and more spread from cell to cell as the electron fluence increased. A displacement damage dose (DDD) approach was applied to 1 and 2 MeV electron and proton irradiated TJ cells and its component cells. It turned out that 2 MeV electrons induced greater degradation than others for all parameters (Isc, Voc, FF, Pmax). The middle component cell showed almost a perfect match of DDD between electron and proton irradiated cells in LILT condition, indicating that the final defects produced by electron and proton irradiations are perhaps the same. TJ and its top component cell showed less degradation on Voc under the electron irradiation compared to the proton irradiation. For the Ge bottom component cell, the electron irradiation induced much larger downgrading of Voc, FF and Pmax compared to the proton irradiation. To improve the radiation hardness of the cells by reducing the excess dark current, it would be worth to decrease the doping concentration of junctions to reduce the creation of secondary defects related to impurities
Geoffroy, Marine. "Rôle de la claudine 1 dans les cellules cancéreuses mammaires triple-négatives et son implication dans les effets anticancéreux de dérivés de la troglitazone." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0056/document.
Full textA major challenge in oncology is the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (ER-, PR-, HER2-) as no targeted therapy are available. These tumors present often a chemotherapy resistance and a higher relapse incidence. 78% of them do not express claudin 1 and display a poor prognosis. Claudin 1 is involved in cell-cell adhesion and may be a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. In this context, we study if claudin 1 re-expression could be a possible approach. In the laboratory, we developed derivatives thaziolidinediones (TZD) compounds, which increase claudin 1 expression and lead to apoptosis of breast cancer cells. The goals of my thesis is 1) to characterize the involvement of claudin 1 in their pro-apoptotic effect 2) to study their mechanism of action 3) to determine if claudin 1 could sensitize the TNBC cells to the chemotherapy agents. During my thesis, we showed that claudin 1 overexpression and the compound Δ2-TGZ induce apoptosis of TNBC « claudin 1-low » MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells. Claudin 1 is involved in the pro-apoptotic effect of Δ2-TGZ in MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we demonstrated that Δ2-TGZ and AB186 lead to early action through a modification of cell morphology followed an expression of claudin 1 at the membrane and an inhibition of cell migration before the apoptosis process. In addition, claudin 1 overexpression decreases the cell migration through the loss of stress fibers and the formation of cell junctions. We showed that claudin 1 overexpression potentialize the pro-apoptotic effect of Δ2-TGZ in MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, we observed that claudin 1 sensitize the MDA-MB-231 cells to 5-FU. In fine, our data allowed a better understanding of Δ2-TGZ and AB186 mechanism of action and identification of claudin 1 as a promising target in TNBC « claudin 1-low »
Sayet, Julien. "Effect of grain boundary nature and connectivity on the diffusion of hydrogen in heterogeneous materials : numerical study." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS005.
Full textAnticipating hydrogen embrittlement requires knowledge of the effect of different time and spatial scales within diffusion and trapping processes in the material's microstructure. In this work, we examine the impact of various types of triple junctions (TJ) and grain boundaries (GB) and their connectivity on the diffusion of hydrogen. First, we propose four algorithms to control the distribution of TJ fractions depending on a given fraction of Random grain boundaries. Then, using finite element modeling, we investigate the effects of triple junction distribution on hydrogen diffusivity. We discover remarkable relationships between grain boundary connectivity and the effective diffusion coefficient by quantifying grain boundary networks in 2D idealized microstructures. In addition, greater diffusivity is reflected in nanocrystalline materials. Our results prove to reproduce GB connectivity paths by compelling the distribution. Furthermore, 2D reconstructed EBSD microstructures were simulated and compared to experimental data. Following that, 3D simulations of idealized microstructures were performed, and the effects of triple junction connectivity were investigated. We show that there is strong correlation between the connectivity of the triple junction and the effective diffusion coefficient, particularly in nanocrystalline materials. 3D simulations approach the experimental results more accurately as the impact of the connectivity of TJs is included
Deprez, Aline. "Apport de la géodésie à l'étude de la jonction triple de l'Afar." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH015/document.
Full textEastern Africa is a natural laboratory for investigating rifting and break-up. Along the East African Rift, the divergence between Nubia and Somalia plates is accommodated within a mainly tectonic framework dominated by active normal faulting. While Arabia plate moves apart from the African plate couple at the Red Sea and Aden Ridges within a mainly magmatic framework with seafloor spreading. These three plate boundaries meet in Afar Depression forming a triple junction, which correspond to a transition zone between stretched continental lithosphere and oceanic spreading axes, where the role of the mantle plume impacts is determinant. In this thesis, current deformation of the Earth's surface is monitored using geodetics data (GPS, InSAR), in the East African zone where three plates are splitting apart and where the different boundaries encompass areas in all stages of rifting. The current deformation analysis allows clarify extension zone dynamics at short term, taking into account their stage of rifting evolution and especially the variations of magmatic and/or seismic activity. Three studies were carried out at three different spatial scales. The first one considers the whole East African Rift (3000 km), the second one is about the central part of the Afar Depression where the triple junction is situated (a few hundreds of km) and the third focuses on the Asal-Ghoubbet rift in Djibouti (a few tens of km)
Franco, Aurore. "Cinématique actuelle du Nord de l’Amérique Centrale : zone de jonction triple Nord Amérique-Cocos-Caraïbe." Paris 11, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431870.
Full textNorthern Central America is located in a complex zone of interaction between three major tectonic plates : the North American (NA), the Caribbean (CA) ant the Cocos (CO) plates. While the CO plate is subducting under the NA and CA plates along the Mid- American trench, the on land relative motion between the NA and CA plates is mainly accommodated by the east-west trending left-lateral Polochic-Motagua fault system. We installed in 2005, during 6 months, a 30 stations seismological network in order to analyse the present seismic activity of the Polochic-Motagua fault system and to constrain the lithosphere characteristic at depth in this area. We show that the seismic activity is concentrated at depth less than 15 km. The level of seismicity of the Polochic and the Motagua faults is comparable while no earthquakes were registered from the jocotan fault. We also observe activity in a north-South trending graben south of the Motagua and probably activity on the folds north of the Polochic fault. Using the receiver function method we localise the mohorovic discontinuity at about 35 km. Our data suggest that the cristal thickness is smaller between the Polochic-Motagua faults than north or south. We use GPS data to characterize the deformation in the CO-CA-NA triple junction area in terms of interactions and relative contributions of the different structures (Polochic and Motagaua faults, a series of north south grabens south of them and the Mid-American volcanic Arc, MAVA), and coupling at the subduction interface. We analyse GPS- campaign data from different networks in Guatemala (24 sites measured in 1999-2003-2006), Salvador (3 sites measured in 2003 and 2006) and Chiapas, southern Mexico (8 sites measured each year from 2002 to 2004. Data are processed and combined using the GAMIT/GLOBK software. The obtained velocity field is first fitted using-simple elastic models. The Motagua fault seems to accommodate most of the present left-latéral motion between CA and NA, with less than 15 % taken by the Polochic fault despite its comparable surface morphology, historical seismicity and microseismic activity. This may suggest complex mechanical interactions between the Motagua and Polochic faults at the scale of several seismic cycles. A single fault model, centered on the Motagua fault, locked at a depth of 15 km, indicates a slip rate decrease from eastern (20 mm/yr) to central Guatemala (15 mm/yr) towards the CA-CO-NA triple junction (0mm/yr ? ). This decrease seems to be consistent with east-west extension rates estimated across the Ipala and Guatemala city grabens south of the Motagua fault. We also observe a right-lateral movement across the MAVA : 15 m/yr in Guatemala. This movemet is consistent with that observed along the Nicaraguan and costa-rican volcanic arcs. To take into account the rotation of blocks and the elastic deformation localized on faults at their boundaries in this area, we finally use the 3D-elastic inverse model DEFNODE (McCaffrey 2002) to fit the GPS- derived deformation field. Our 4 blocks ( Co, CA, NA and a microplate in between the MAVA and the CO subduction interface) suggests a coupling decrease at the subduction interface form Chiapas to Guatemala, although not fully resolved with the present data set
Jestin, Florence. "Cinematique rigide et deformations dans la jonction triple afar et dans le bassin indien central." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066159.
Full textCaliap, Lucian. "Étude de l’optimisation des isolants d’un point de vue diélectrique pour les contraintes du GIS." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0068.
Full textLn gas insulated switchgears (GIS), high voltage electrodes are supported by solid insulators. The reduction of the size of the equipment for cost considerations, impacts directly on the insulator and a careful optimization becomes necessary. A triple junction (TJ) exists at the interface between metal, Insulating solid, and gas. Ln this sensitive area, partial discharges may appear, triggered by the presence of high voltage. Also, a further degradation of insulation performance can occur if solid particles are present in that zone. The accumulation of electric charge on the surface of the insulator can also reduce the system's dielectric strength when applying high voltage. These three points represent the starting point of this study that characterises the multitude of complex phenomena that occur in the presence of high voltage
De, Lafontaine Mathieu. "Étude et passivation des défauts introduits par la gravure de vias sur cellule photovoltaïque triple jonction." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9791.
Full textMoine, Baptiste Buntinx Guy. "Étude par absorption transitoire de naphtopyranes liés à des oligothiophènes par différents types de jonctions." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1016.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3920. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 183-188.
Caliap, Lucian. "Etude de l'optimisation des isolants d'un point de vue diélectrique pour les contraintes du GIS." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585494.
Full textHomier, Ram. "Revêtements antireflet-passivation à base de nitrure de silicium PECVD pour cellules solaires triple-jonction III-V /GE." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5526.
Full textMoine, Baptiste. "Étude par absorption transitoire de naphtopyranes liés à des oligothiophènes par différents types de jonctions." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282826.
Full textMahmoud, Yasser, and Yasser Mahmoud. "Caractérisation géodésique de la déformation active du point triple d'Hatay (Syrie-Turquie)." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871982.
Full textMahmoud, Yasser. "Caractérisation géodésique de la déformation active du point triple d'Hatay (Syrie-Turquie)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAH006/document.
Full textThe Hatay Triple Junction (HTJ) cannot be described by a simple model with three major plates as proposed by previous studies. A more complex block model is proposed in this study by adding the Iskenderun block and Amanous micro block, the Karasu fault and Karatas-Osmaniye fault being defined as individual faults not as the extension of other major faults in the region. Our modeling assumes that the Maras triple junction is formed by the connection of the Karatas-Osmaniye Fault (KOF) with the Karasu Fault (KF) and the East Anatolian Fault (EAF). The KF shows a sinistral slip rate of 4.0±1.0 mm/yr and a compressional behavior with a compression rate of 2.1-2.7 mm/yr which contradicts the extensional nature proposed by previous studies. The EAF shows pure left lateral slip rate of 9.0±0.3 mm/yr with no significant extension or compression; the DSF has a slip rate of 3.5±0.3 mm/yr over the northern and southern segments; the KOF has a 3.6±0.7 mm/yr; the Cyprus arc has a clear compressional deformation with a revers slip rate of 2.0-5.0 mm/yr and with no significant strike-slip component. The relative Euler poles are estimated in this block modeling, we define the Anatolia-Arabia Euler pole at (27.61±0.98 °N, 45.127±2.45 °E, 0.391± 0.056°/Myr), and (31.012±1.51 °N, 46.464±4.44 °E, 0.202±0.067°/Myr) Sinai-Arabia Euler pole
Franco, Aurore. "Cinématique Actuelle du Nord de l'Amérique Centrale: Zone de Jonction Triple Amérique du Nord Amérique-Cocos-Caraïbe. Apport des données sismologiques et géodésiques aux modèles régionaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431870.
Full textMOCK, CLAIRE. "Thermochronologie 40ar/39ar et mecanismes lithospheriques. Approche methodologique et appliquee : exemples de la chaine du kunlun (asie) et de la jonction triple de l'afar (afrique de l'est)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22059.
Full textSibrant, Aurore. "Evolution of the Graciosa, S. Miguel and Santa Maria volcanic islands : implications for the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary in the Azores." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112303/document.
Full textThe Azores archipelago in the Atlantic comprises nine volcanic islands which developed on a thick oceanic plateau close to the Triple Junction between the North American (Na), the Nubian (Nu), and the Eurasian (Eu) lithospheric plates. The formation of the plateau and the origin of the volcanism remain controversial, but have been generally attributed to a plume-like mantle instability. However, the distribution of the volcanic edifices east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) appears greatly influenced by regional deformation associated with the northward migration of the Eu/Nu plate boundary from an extinct old transform fault, the East Azores Fracture Zone (EAFZ), up to the presently active ultra-slow Terceira Rift (TR). In this thesis, we use the volcanism as a marker for regional deformation. We especially focus on S. Miguel and Graciosa, which are located within the TR, and on S. Maria, an old volcanically extinct island located between the EAFZ and the TR. These three islands thus constitute particularly suitable targets to track the architecture and the evolution of the Eu/Nu plate boundary during the last few Myr. From new geomorphological, stratigraphic, geochronologic, structural/tectonic data, and existing bathymetric and geophysical data, we reconstruct the successive stages of growth and destruction of the islands, and discuss their geodynamic meaning. These data are then complemented by fluid dynamic modelling using laboratory experiments to examine the possible links between mantle instability, plate boundary migration and the development of the volcanism on various spatial and temporal scales.The new results on the islands show that the edifices located within the TR grew through short (<100 kyr) and partly synchronous volcanic pulses, separated by catastrophic sector collapses. We propose that such evolution reflects brief and intense episodes of regional deformation along the still active Eu/Nu plate boundary. The distribution of tectonic markers and the recognition of N110 and N150 tectonic structures in eastern S. Miguel leads us to propose that oblique extension in the TR is mainly accommodated by the master faults of the rift, and that the TR is presently not the locus of appreciable sea-floor spreading. Furthermore, we identify a new N050 trend, which may represent transform faults accommodating the variation in obliquity of the TR. The activity of S. Maria is here dated between 5.7 and 2.8 Ma. Like the recent islands, S. Maria experienced catastrophic flank collapses, most probably triggered by regional tectonics. We identify a new graben structure linking Santa Maria to the island of S. Jorge further NW. The shape of this graben is similar to the TR and it is located between the EAFZ and the current plate boundary. We interpret this graben as a former transient rift, and therefore an old Eu/Nu plate boundary. From the new data, we propose that the eastern part of the transient rift migrated to the eastern part of the TR between 2.8 Ma and 1.7 Ma.The overall migration of the Eu/Nu plate boundary to the north and the creation of the Azores plateau has been interpreted by Vogt and Jung (2004) as resulting from successive NE jumps of the rift axis to maintain its position over a fixed ‘hotspot’. Our fluid mechanics experiments suggest that the Azores, as Canary, Cape Verde, Madeira Islands and Great Meteor seamounts might be the surface signature of a cluster of mantle instabilities rising from the top of a large thermochemical dome located in the lower mantle. However, such secondary plumes present a strong time-dependence 5-40 Myr time scale. Moreover, they could be sufficiently weak to adapt their motions to the pre-existing force balances and morphology of the lithosphere. We therefore present a scenario of the Azores area evolution combining a triple junction and decompression melting buoyant material (i.e. such in volatiles and/or temperature) under a thickening lithosphere
Ritou, Arnaud. "Développement, fabrication et caractérisation de modules photovoltaïques à concentration à ultra haut rendement à base de micro-concentrateurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY059/document.
Full textThe actual trend of CPV is the micro-scaling of modules. A bibliographic study shows that shorter focal length of optics implies less material consumption in manufacturing and an enhanced efficiency of the modules. In this thesis, a double stage refractive micro-concentrator is designed, manufactured and characterized. First, the optical design of the concentrator is based on non-imaging technics. Thus, the profile of the lenses is generated for a single wavelength. Then, a ray tracing simulator is used to optimize the lens profile for the overall solar spectrum and study the concentrator element misalignment effect on the performances.Secondly, a three steps self-assembly process is developed instead of the usual five steps one. Both POE and SOE lenses of our device are molded simultaneously and a mechanical guidance system in the mold ensures the alignment of the micro-concentrator elements (POE, SOE and Cell).Finally, the performances measurements of the manufactured modules are managed in solar simulators in which the lightening condition are previously studied and validated. Comparing the bare cells efficiency with the module efficiency, the cell-to-module ratio (CTM) represents the overall losses in the module. Further experiments are managed to quantify each loss of the module. The manufactured and characterized micro-concentrator is a 1000X concentrating ratio with 0.6 x 0.6mm² triple junction cells. It efficiency is 29% with a 70% CTM. Finally, the loss chain study reveals that the three steps self-assembly process is reliable
Munschy, Marc. "Etude geophysique detaillee du point triple de rodriguez et de la zone axiale des trois dorsales associees (ocean indien)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13057.
Full textGoulart, da Costa Ana Cristina. "Mass-wasting episodes in the geological evolution of the Azores islands : timing, recurrence, mechanisms and consequences." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112001/document.
Full textLarge-scale flank collapses are recurrent in the geological evolution of volcanic ocean islands. Such catastrophic episodes of destabilization can be voluminous and generate large tsunamis, which may cause considerable damage and thus represent extremely hazardous events. The Azores islands east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are located on the Eurasia(Eu)/Nubia(Nu) plate boundary, and therefore subject to structural control and seismic activity (historical events of magnitude up to ca. 7). However, prior to MEGAHazards Project (PTDC/CTE-GIX/108149/2008, funded by FCT, Portugal), large-scale flank collapses in the Azores were considered to be lacking, mainly due to the small dimension of the volcanic edifices. Here, we conclude unequivocally on the occurrence of such events in the Azores. The present PhD thesis addresses the evolution of the Pico-Faial steep volcanic ridge, which sits on a major normal fault associated with the Eu/Nu diffuse boundary, focusing especially on the large-scale flank failures in Pico Island. Based on high-resolution sub-aerial and submarine Digital Elevation Models, new structural and stratigraphic data, and high-resolution K-Ar dating on separated volcanic groundmass, we: (1) constrain the volcano stratigraphy of Pico; (2) reconstruct the major phases of growth and destruction in Pico and Faial islands in the last 200 kyr; (3) reconstruct the ca. 125 kyr evolution of the currently active large-scale slump in the SE of Pico Island; (4) provide new structural data/interpretations regarding the scarp that sharply cuts the S flank of Pico Stratovolcano; (5) report on the occurrence of large-scale failures in the N and S flanks of the Pico Island between ca. 125 and 70 ka, which generated large submarine debris deposits; and (6) propose that the role of the Pico-Faial ridge as a structure accommodating part of the extension on the diffuse Nu/Eu boundary has been consolidated in the last ca. 125 kyr. Many factors favouring the development of such large-scale flank instabilities have been proposed in the literature, but their exact role and mutual contribution remain poorly understood. We here present an analytical solution for the cohesive Coulomb Critical Wedge theory applied to gravitational instabilities, and associated analogue simulations to test some structural implications of the model. We investigate the impact of several variables on the stability of volcanic flanks, including: wedge slope and dimensions, cohesion, internal friction along the basal detachment, and fluid overpressure. We conclude that: (1) the steepening of the volcanic flanks and basal detachment lead to a decrease in the fluid overpressure ratio (fluid overpressure divided by lithostatic pressure) necessary to produce failure. (2) The decrease of the stabilizing effect of cohesion with increasing depth of the basal detachment favours the occurrence of deep-seated large-scale gravitational destabilization in basal detachments deeper than ca. 2000-2500 m (in volcanic edifices necessarily higher than 2500 m). For shallower basal detachments, the overpressure ratios required to induce failure are comparatively larger. For shallower basal detachments, steeper flanks and stronger edifice materials, shallow failure parallel to the edifice flank surface is favoured, instead of deep-seated deformation. (3) With increasingly deeper basal detachments (possible in larger volcanic edifices), while the impact of cohesion diminishes, the relative importance of basal internal friction for the stability of the edifice increases. The investigation of the occurrence of large-scale mass-wasting in the Azores islands, and the modelling of the variables controlling the stability of the volcanic edifices are only at their first steps and will be further developed in the future