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1

Hughes, Gregory Isaac, and Ayanna Kim Thomas. "When Memory and Metamemory Align: How Processes at Encoding Influence Delayed Judgment-of-Learning Accuracy." Journal of Intelligence 10, no. 4 (November 11, 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040101.

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Judgments of learning are most accurate when made at a delay from the initial encoding of the assessed material. A wealth of evidence suggests that this is because a delay encourages participants to base their predictions on cues retrieved from long-term memory, which are generally the most diagnostic of later memory performance. We investigated the hypothesis that different types of study techniques affect delayed JOL accuracy by influencing the accessibility of cues stored in long-term memory. In two experiments, we measured the delayed-JOL accuracy of participants who encoded semantically unrelated and weakly related word pairs through one of three study techniques: reading the pairs twice (study practice), generating keywords (elaborative encoding), or taking a cued-recall test with feedback (retrieval practice). We also measured the accessibility, utilization, and diagnostic quality of two long-term memory cues at the time of the delayed JOL: (a) retrieval of the target, and (b) noncriterial cues (retrieval of contextual details pertaining to the encoding of the target). We found that the accessibility of targets was positively associated with delayed-JOL accuracy. Further, we provide evidence that when study techniques enhance the accessibility of targets, they likewise enhance delayed-JOL accuracy.
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CHEN, Gong-Xiang, Cheng-Fen ZHANG, and Ya-Wen SU. "Mechanism of Delayed-JOL Effect." Acta Psychologica Sinica 42, no. 7 (August 31, 2010): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2010.00743.

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3

Shen, Li, Yiguo Jiang, Jinmiao Lu, Guangfei Wang, Xiaolan Zhang, Sumei He, Cheng Wang, and Zhiping Li. "Molecular Mechanism of Jinchan Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology." BioMed Research International 2021 (August 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6471400.

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Objective. Exploration of the underlying molecular mechanism of Jinchan Oral Liquid (JOL) in treating children with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia to provide new evidence for the clinical application. Methods. The active components and target genes of JOL were screened by the TCMSP database. The targets of RSV pneumonia were obtained from the GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, and PharmGKB database. Then, we constructed the active component-target network and screened the core genes. The overlaps were screened for PPI network analysis, GO analysis, and KEGG analysis. Finally, result validation was performed by molecular docking. Results. According to the screening criteria of the ADME, 74 active compounds of JOL were obtained; after removing redundant targets, we selected 180 potential targets. By screening the online database, 893 RSV pneumonia-related targets were obtained. A total of 82 overlapping genes were chosen by looking for the intersection. The STRING online database was used to acquire PPI relationships, and 16 core genes were obtained. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the main pathways of JOL in treating RSV pneumonia include TNF signaling pathway and IL17 signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the active compounds of JOL had a good affinity with the core genes. Conclusion. In this study, we preliminarily discussed the main active ingredients, related targets, and pathways of JOL and predicted the pharmacodynamic basis and the potential therapeutic mechanisms of RSV pneumonia. In summary, the network pharmacology strategy may be helpful for the discovery of multitarget drugs against complex diseases.
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Gaynor, Alexandra M., and Elizabeth F. Chua. "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Prefrontal Cortex Alters Encoding and Judgments of Learning Based on Fluency." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 11 (November 2019): 1710–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01449.

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Past research has shown that judgments of learning (JOLs), subjective confidence judgments made at study about later memorability, are inferential in nature and based on cues available during encoding. Participants tend to use fluency as a cue and give higher JOLs to more fluently encoded items, despite having better recognition memory for disfluently encoded items, which leads to poor JOL accuracy. Research has implicated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) in JOL and encoding processes, but no studies to date have tested how the roles of these regions vary with the information on which JOLs are based. We used high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation to test the causal roles of DLPFC and aPFC in encoding success, JOL ratings, and JOL accuracy. Participants studied and made JOLs about words that varied in fluency (i.e., frequency and orientation). High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the DLPFC impaired encoding, as evidenced by an increase in subsequent false alarms. For words that were less fluently encoded, aPFC stimulation improved JOL accuracy, perhaps making participants more aware of encoding failures under conditions of disfluency. Conversely, DLPFC and aPFC stimulation decreased JOL accuracy for high-frequency words, suggesting the roles of these regions in JOLs vary with the cognitive bases of the judgments. These results contribute to our understanding of the causal roles of prefrontal regions in objective and subjective memory processes and how their contributions to metamemory accuracy vary with information on which subjective assessments are based.
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5

d’Oleire Uquillas, Federico, Heidi I. L. Jacobs, Aaron P. Schultz, Bernard J. Hanseeuw, Rachel F. Buckley, Jorge Sepulcre, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, et al. "Functional and Pathological Correlates of Judgments of Learning in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 1974–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz217.

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Abstract Judgments of learning (JOL) pertain to introspective metamemory processes evaluating how well information is learned. Using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task, we investigated the neural substrates of JOL predictions in a group of 105 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Harvard Aging Brain Study. Associations of JOL performance and its neural correlates with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology, two proteinopathies associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging, were also examined. We found that trials judged as learned well relative to trials judged as learned less well (high JOL > low JOL) engaged the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and precuneus, among other midline regions, in addition to bilateral hippocampi. In this cohort of older adults, greater levels of entorhinal tau deposition were associated with overestimation of memory performance and with lower fMRI signal in midline regions during predicted memory success. No associations with Aβ were found. The findings suggest that tau pathology in unimpaired older adults may play a role in altered metamemory processes. We discuss our findings in light of the hypothesis that JOLs are partially dependent on a process involving attempts to retrieve a correct answer from memory, as well as implications for clinical research investigating unawareness of memory performance (i.e., anosognosia) in patients with AD dementia.
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6

Loh, Joleen. "Affective mediations and the politics of sound: Samson Young in conversation with Joleen Loh." ISSUE 7 (2018): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33671/jol.

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7

Ruiz, Marcos, and Cristobal Arroyo. "JOLer: A Java standalone application for simulating the Weaver & Kelemen's judgment of learning (JOL) model." Anales de Psicología 32, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.3.224401.

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<p style="text-indent: 1.5cm; margin-top: 0.4cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 200%; widows: 2; orphans: 2;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">To assess <em>judgment of learning</em> (JOL) accuracy in metamemory, researchers have to measure how much the metamemory judgments adjust to the participant's memory-test performance. Absolute accuracy or <em>calibration</em> is the average correspondence between JOL and memory performance. Metamemory relative accuracy or <em>resolution</em> is a measure of how sensitive a participant is to the differential recallability between two studied items. Unfortunately, factors altering both calibration and resolution very often change also the distribution of JOL on the available scale for judgment. The problem with these effects on JOL distribution is that they could yield an altered resolution estimation due to the way in which its usual estimate is computed. <em>JOLer</em> simulates the behavior of participants in a typical metamemory procedure. The application is offered as a tool for metamemory researchers: it affords the opportunity to check whether, maintaining calibration parameters but changing JOL distributions between conditions, a different (and somewhat spurious) resolution estimate would be obtained.</span></span></span></p>
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8

Kennedy, Mary R. T., and Kathryn M. Yorkston. "Accuracy of Metamemory After Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 5 (October 2000): 1072–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4305.1072.

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The primary intent of this study was to investigate the metamemory monitoring abilities of adult survivors of at least moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during a verbal-learning activity. Eighteen survivors and 18 non-injured control participants made judgment-of-learning (JOL) predictions of their recall ability immediately after studying 3 lists of noun-pairs or after a slight delay. A secondary intent of this study was to determine if verbal retrieval attempts would enhance predictive accuracy. One half of participants made retrieval attempts during the second and third list-learning task, and the other half made retrieval attempts during the third list-learning task only. Measures of the correlation between JOL predictions and recall accuracy revealed that survivors were as accurate as controls when making delayed predictions and were less accurate when making immediate predictions. This occurred regardless of retrieval attempts. Absolute measures that compared mean JOL ratings to overall recall revealed that the survivor group was well-calibrated when making delayed JOL predictions but overestimated when making immediate JOL predictions. The non-injured control group underestimated when making both types of predictions. However, within-group variability was high. These findings are compared to those from studies that investigated metamemory beliefs in which survivors' ratings were compared to family-member ratings. Clinical implications for basing executive decisions about compensatory strategies on delayed and immediate predictions of future recall are discussed. Additionally, a rationale is provided for the use of both relative and absolute measures of predictive accuracy in metamemory studies involving neurological clinical populations.
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9

Dunlosky, John, and Thomas O. Nelson. "Importance of the kind of cue for judgments of learning (JOL) and the delayed-JOL effect." Memory & Cognition 20, no. 4 (July 1992): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03210921.

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10

Kim, Cheong-Seok, and Miseon Kim. "Sociological Thoughts on Jol-Hon, Marriage Graduation." Korea Journal of Population Studies 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.31693/kjps.2020.12.43.4.99.

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11

Miura, Kayoko, and Mie Matsui. "The effect of memory strategy on JOL." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 76 (September 11, 2012): 1PMA08. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.76.0_1pma08.

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12

Izaute, Marie, Flavien Thuaire, Alain Méot, Fabien Rondepierre, and Isabelle Jalenques. "Metacognitive preserved generation strategy benefits for both younger and elderly participants with schizophrenia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): e0241356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241356.

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Cognitive memory and introspection disturbances are considered core features of schizophrenia. Moreover, it remains unclear whether or not participants with schizophrenia are more cognitively impaired with ageing than healthy participants. The aims of this study were to use a metacognitive approach to determine whether elderly participants with schizophrenia are able to improve their memory performance using a specific generation strategy and to evaluate the memory benefits for them using this strategy. 20 younger and 20 older participants with schizophrenia and their comparison participants matched for age, gender and education learned paired associates words with either reading or generation, rated judgment of learning (JOL) and performed cued recall. Participants with schizophrenia recalled fewer words than healthy comparison participants, but they benefited more from generation, and this difference was stable with ageing. Their JOL magnitude was lower than that of healthy comparison participants, but JOL accuracy was not affected by either age or the pathology. In spite of their memory deficit, elderly and younger participants with schizophrenia benefited remarkably from the memory generation strategy. This result gives some cause for optimism as to the possibility for participants with schizophrenia to reduce memory impairment if learning conditions lead them to encode deeply.
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13

Nelson, Thomas O., and John Dunlosky. "How Shall We Explain the Delayed-Judgment-Of-Learning Effect?" Psychological Science 3, no. 5 (September 1992): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00681.x.

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Spellman and Bjork (this issue) have proposed an explanation of our earlier findings in which people's accuracy at predicting their subsequent recall proved greater when their judgments of learning (JOLs) were delayed until shortly after study than when made immediately after study (the delayed-JOL effect) The empirically testable portion of Spellman and Bjork's explanation does not account for three relevant kinds of data (some already published and some newly presented here), including one replicated finding that disconfirms their core assumption Nevertheless, Spellman and Bjorks commentary has helped us sharpen our ideas both about what will have to be explained and about what form of explanation will be needed At present, there is not yet an adequate scientific explanation for the delayed-JOL effect
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14

Et-bozkurt, Tülay. "The Impact on Language Maintenance and Studies Among Third- and Fourth-Generation Turkish Students in Melbourne, in the Era of COVID-19." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 38 (October 6, 2022): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.1156657.

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15

Küppers, Almut. "(Foreign) Language Education and Its Impact on Equal Opportunity and Sustainability. Lessons Learned from A Bilingual German-Turkish Program at An Urban Elementary School in Germany." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 38 (October 6, 2022): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.1140887.

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Demirel Fakiroğlu, Gözde. "Comparison of the Primary School Turkish Program Implemented in Turkiye and the Primary School French Program Implemented in France." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 38 (October 6, 2022): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.1137727.

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Coşkun Kunduz, Aylin. "Heritage Language Acquisition and Maintenance of Turkish in The United States: Challenges to Teaching Turkish as a Heritage Language." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 38 (October 6, 2022): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.1129254.

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Bohnacker, Ute. "Turkish Mother Tongue Instruction in Sweden." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 38 (October 6, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.1138978.

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Minsafina, Alina. "Tatar Terminolojisinin Gelişimi." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 37 (March 15, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2021.1018814.

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Aurora, Simone, and Tuba Yılmaz. "Dilbilim Tarihinde Unutulmuş Bir Kaynak: Husserl’in Mantıksal Araştırmaları." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 37 (December 31, 2021): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2021.892241.

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Karadağ, Bilge. "Bir Dilsel Çevre İncelemesi: Van’ın Merkez İpekyolu İlçesine Bağlı Cumhuriyet Caddesi." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 37 (December 31, 2021): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2021.850033.

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Nazari, Nabila, and Mehmet Gürlek. "Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğrenen Afgan Öğrencilerin Sözcük Öğrenme Stratejileri." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 37 (March 15, 2022): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2021.931029.

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Sakın, Bertuğ, Sümeyra Özkan, and Volkan Yonarkol. "Down Sendromunun Kavramsal Metaforların Zihinde İşlemlenme Sürecine Etkisi." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 37 (December 31, 2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2021.986791.

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Güven, Mine. "Erişilebilirlik için Yalın Türkçe." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 37 (March 15, 2022): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2021.1047497.

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Cangır, Hakan. "Lexical Associations in the L1 Turkish Mental Lexicon: Can L1 Lexical Intuition and a Representative Corpus Guide Teaching of Turkish as a Foreign Language Materials?" Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 37 (December 31, 2021): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2021.972166.

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Özsıcak, Kemal. "Kuramsal ve Uygulamalı Sesbilim Kitap İncelemesi." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 39 (February 3, 2023): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.856356.

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Bedu, Ahmed, and Hind Ismail. "Mis/disinformation on COVID-19 in Social Media Narratives in Nigeria and Iraq: An Exploratory Investigation of their Linguistic Features from Pragmatic Perspectives." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 39 (February 1, 2023): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.1185466.

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Keskin, Merve, and Mehmet Gürlek. "İngilizce Hazırlık Programındaki Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İçerik Temelli İngilizce Öğretim Yöntemine Karşı Tutum ve Motivasyonuna Yönelik Çoklu Durum Araştırması." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 39 (January 26, 2023): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.1214731.

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Yazıcı, Mesut. "Türkçedeki Bazı Yardımcı Fiillerle Yapılan Bileşik Fiillerin TİD’de Kullanım Sıklığı." Dilbilim Dergisi / The Journal of Linguistics, no. 39 (February 1, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jol.2022.1062578.

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Dunlosky, John, and Thomas O. Nelson. "Similarity between the Cue for Judgments of Learning (JOL) and the Cue for Test Is Not the Primary Determinant of JOL Accuracy." Journal of Memory and Language 36, no. 1 (January 1997): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1996.2476.

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Spellman, Barbara A., and Robert A. Bjork. "When Predictions Create Reality: Judgments of Learning May Alter What They Are Intended to Assess." Psychological Science 3, no. 5 (September 1992): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00680.x.

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Nelson and Dunlosky ( Psychological Science, July 1991) reported that subjects making judgments of learning (JOLs) can be extremely accurate at predicting subsequent recall performance on a paired-associate task when the JOL task is delayed for a short while after study They argued that this result is surprising given the results of earlier research, as well as their own current experiment, indicating that JOLs are quite inaccurate when made immediately after study We note that the delayed-JOL procedure used by Nelson and Dunlosky invited covert recall practice (which was reported by their subjects) Retrieval practice is a well-known determinant of subsequent recall Accordingly, Nelson and Dunloskys findings can be explained by the simple assumption that people base delayed JOLs on an assessment of retrieval success which in turn influences their retrieval success on the subsequent recall test
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Lockl, Kathrin, and Wolfgang Schneider. "Metakognitive Überwachungs- und Selbstkontrollprozesse bei der Lernzeiteinteilung von Kindern." Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 17, no. 3/4 (January 2003): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1010-0652.17.34.173.

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Zusammenfassung: Bisherige entwicklungspsychologische Arbeiten legen nahe, dass es jüngeren Grundschulkindern schwer fällt, ihre Lernzeiten an den Schwierigkeitsgrad des Aufgabenmaterials anzupassen. Die vorliegende Studie versucht zu klären, ob diese Schwierigkeiten eher auf defizitäre Überwachungsprozesse oder auf Probleme in der Selbstregulation zurückzuführen sind. Je 42 Erst- und Drittklässler erhielten die Aufgabe, “leichte” (hoch assoziative) und “schwierige” (nicht miteinander verbundene) Bildpaare zu lernen. Zur Erfassung von Überwachungsprozessen wurden nach einer ersten Lernphase mit fester Lernzeit “Judgment-of-learning” (JOL)-Urteile zum geschätzten Lernaufwand für die einzelnen Bildpaare erfragt. Danach wurden dieselben Bildpaare nochmals vorgegeben, wobei die Kinder nun ihre Lernzeiten frei bestimmen konnten. Es zeigte sich, dass Erst- und Drittklässler gleichermaßen dazu in der Lage waren, in ihren JOLs zwischen leichten und schweren Bildpaaren zu differenzieren. Die Drittklässler richteten ihre Lernzeiten jedoch stärker nach den vorausgegangenen JOL-Urteilen als die Erstklässler.
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Tauber, Sarah K. (Uma), John Dunlosky, and Katherine A. Rawson. "The Influence of Retrieval Practice Versus Delayed Judgments of Learning on Memory." Experimental Psychology 62, no. 4 (September 2015): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000296.

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Abstract. The positive effect of delayed retrieval practice on subsequent test performance is robust; by contrast, making delayed judgments of learning (JOLs) encourages covert retrieval but has a minor influence on final test performance. In three experiments, we experimentally established and explored this memory-metamemory paradox. After initial study of paired associates (e.g., husky – ram), participants either were explicitly tested (husky – ?) or made a JOL. In Experiment 1, we adopted the standard JOL method, using a short retention interval, whereas in Experiments 2 and 3, we used a common testing-effect method involving a longer retention interval. Delayed JOLs did not boost test performance, but explicit delayed tests boosted memory after a longer retention interval. As important, participants spent less time to make JOLs than to retrieve responses. These data indicate that differences in the dynamics of retrieval for practice tests versus delayed JOLs are responsible for the paradox.
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Ryou, Il-Hyeon. "A So-called ‘Jol-hon’ and the Marriage in Korea." Korean Society Of Family Law 32, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 161–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31998/ksfl.2018.32.2.161.

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Das, Dipto, Carsten Østerlund, and Bryan Semaan. ""Jol" or "Pani"?: How Does Governance Shape a Platform's Identity?" Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479860.

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In this paper, we explore how sociotechnical systems support and impede the identity performances and identity expression of communities that have experienced a long history of colonialism, where colonization is the practice through which a foreign power reshapes the social structures and systems of other societies. We conducted a trace ethnography among members of a specific digital platform-Bengali Quora (BnQuora). BnQuora is part of the question and answer (Q&A) platform Quora, where people with this particular ethnolinguistic identity come together to engage in conversations about their identities; identities which were shaped through a long history of colonization in the Global South. In drawing on a conceptual framework that brings together identity performativity, governance, content moderation, and surveillance, we find that the sociotechnical mechanisms of governance that mediate people's performances on the BnQuora platform give rise to a kind of platform identity-certain identities are privileged while others are pushed to the margins based on linguistic practices, nationalities, and religious affiliations. We illustrate this through the themes of moderators as prison guards, collective surveillance as enforcing a majority identity, algorithmic coloniality, and staging as self-imprisonment. Finally, we discuss the ways in which governance shapes a platform's identity and can create, strengthen, and reinforce coloniality.
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Huang, Qiong, Xuwang Liu, Yiyi Xiao, Liqiong Luo, Guan Luo, Bo Jin, Rufang Peng, and Shijin Chu. "Isothermal thermal decomposition of the HMX-based PBX explosive JOL-1." Journal of Energetic Materials 39, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370652.2020.1737988.

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Serra, Michael J., and Benjamin D. England. "Magnitude and accuracy differences between judgements of remembering and forgetting." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 65, no. 11 (November 2012): 2231–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.685081.

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Metacognition researchers have recently begun to examine the effects of framing judgements of learning (JOLs) in terms of forgetting (rather than remembering) on the judgements' magnitude and accuracy. Although a promising new direction for the study of metamemory, initial studies have yielded inconsistent results. To help resolve these inconsistencies, in four experiments we had college students ( N = 434) study paired associates and make JOLs framed in terms of either remembering or forgetting over two study–test trials. Our goals were to further document the effects of framing on the magnitude and accuracy of JOLs and to consider explanations for why specific patterns tend to emerge. The present experiments provide evidence that (a) judgements of forgetting are psychologically anchored at the midpoint of the JOL scale, whereas judgements of remembering are anchored at a lower point, (b) differences in absolute accuracy (calibration) by frame are largely artefactual and stem from differences in anchoring, (c) differences in JOL magnitude and absolute accuracy by frame do not obtain when memory cues are salient to participants, and (d) a forget frame impairs the relative accuracy (resolution) of JOLs across trials by reducing participants' reliance on cues such as memory for past test performance.
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McGlotten, Shaka. "Streaking." TDR/The Drama Review 63, no. 4 (December 2019): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00881.

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Streaking is a naked dash in public. “Streaking” is also used to describe forms of gamified sociability that emerged from social media apps like Snapchat, where the term refers to ongoing and uninterrupted series of “Snaps.” The history of technologies and their disparate impacts on marginalized groups endure in algorithmic and other violences explored by artists Jol Thomson, Mimi Onuoha, Ayo Okunseinde, and Stephanie Dinkins.
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Latupeirissa, Jola, Matheis F. J. D. P. Tanasale, and Sigit Hardianto Musa. "Kinetika Adsorpsi Zat Warna Metilen Biru Oleh Karbon Aktif Dari Kulit Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana (L) Willd)." Indo. J. Chem. Res. 6, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2018.6-jol.

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The adsorption of methylene blue dye by active carbon of hazelnut shell has been done. Through acquired active carbon composing process, where is the hazelnut shell at entry into furnace on temperature 350 for 2 hour, afterwards is cooled and at sieves by sieve 100 mesh. Then by the calsination process in furnace with temperature 450 one was streamed to gas N2 four 2 hours then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for carbon before activation. The next activated with KOH solution with a concentration 0f 50 four 5 hour, then dried in an ovenat 120℃ for 1 hour and thencharacterized. Weight of the solidacidity before and after activation consecutive (5.3848 x 10-3 dan 42.1554x 10-3) mol g-1. Isotherm adsorption of methylene blue dyes on active carbon was following the Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption kinetics of methylene blue dyes on active carbon in various concentration of hazelnut shell was controlled with temperature variety at 25 and 30 . The result showed that energy activation was kJ mol-1 and a value isg mg-1 menit-1. Adsorption mechanism of methylene blue dyes on active carbon at various concentration of hazelnut shell is chemical adsorption process.
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40

Carnelley, Marita. "Liability for the Payment of Public School Fees." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 14, no. 6 (June 9, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2011/v14i6a2607.

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The author highlights some legal issues regarding the liability of parents and other individuals to pay public school fees in the light of recent judicial precedent, specifically Fish Hoek Primary School v GW 2009 JOL 24624 (SCA). The various possible legal bases for the liability for such fees are examined. In this regard the common law duty to maintain as amended by legislation; contractual liability; and the concepts of household necessaries, stipulatio alteri, negotiorum gestio and unjustified enrichment are considered.
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41

Oosthuizen, Thomas. "Gebruike· en Beloningsbenadering." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 5, no. 1 (November 21, 2022): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v5i1.2125.

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Die chronologiese verloop van wetenskaplike perspektiewe oor die aard van die kommunikasieproses verleen prominensie aan die gebruike- en beloningsbenadering. Van die aanvanklike veronderstellings aangaande die mag van die massamedia Is gevorder tot die erkenning van die aktiewe Jol van die bestemming en beperkings op die mag van die media. In hierdie artikel word 'n oorsig gegee van die onstaan sowel as problematiek van die gebruike- en belon- Ingsbenadering in die Kommunikasiekun- de. Die bydrae van hierdie teorie vir me dlanavorsing word beklemtoon.
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42

장승희. "Philosophical Anthropology of Chusa Kim Jeonghui based on Goe(怪) and Jol(拙)." Studies in Confucianism 34, no. ll (February 2016): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18216/yuhak.2016.34..006.

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43

Jessa, Pawel. "Aq jol soul healers: religious pluralism and a contemporary Muslim movement in Kazakhstan1." Central Asian Survey 25, no. 3 (September 2006): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02634930601023011.

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44

Lazo, L., and A. R. O. Chapman. "Effects of harvesting onAscophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. (Fucales, Phaeophyta): a demographic approach." Journal of Applied Phycology 8, no. 2 (March 1996): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02186311.

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45

Voloshyna, Viktoriia. "´SOMETHING SIMILAR I’VE ALREADY LEARNED, THUS I EASILY WILL REMEMBER IT!´: THE EASE-OF-PROCESSING HEURISTIC AS A SOURCE IN METAMEMORY JUDGMENTS UNDER PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE CONDITION." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 8, no. 2 (December 25, 2014): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/14.08.184.

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In line with some metamemory literature, people are unable to predict the influence of interference on their metacognitive ability to prognosticate future memory performance (Eakin, 2005). However, according to other researchers, there are certain circumstances in which an individual can predict the factors that restrict access to the target information in memory (Maki, 1999; Diaz & Benjamin, 2011). Henceforth, this study is aimed at investigating the ease of processing heuristics as a source of errors on the meta-level in terms of proactive interference (PI), as well as the conditions under which it is possible to avoid its negative impact on the accuracy of different types of metamemory judgments. To do this, we encouraged participants to make metamemory judgments (e.g., EOL, JOL) under the time pressure and without it (non-analytic and analytic groups) in two different conditions (interference and control). Our findings demonstrate that (i) fast metamemory judgments are based on ease-of-processing heuristics, which enhances the “illusion of knowing” (see Eakin, 2005); (ii) inferences during study allocation can diminish the effect of the “illusion of knowing” phenomenon. In addition, analytic inference leads to more accurate metamemory performance under PI condition. In addition, analytical metamemory judgments are more accurate under PI condition; also it should be concluded that, despite the fact that the primary source of information in making EOL judgments is ease-of-processing heuristics, in this process some other resources, analogical to JOL judgments, were involved. Key words: metamemory judgments, proactive interference (PI), ease-of-processing heuristic.
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46

Mudri, Nurul Huda, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Min Min Aung, Mek Zah Salleh, Dayang Radiah Awang Biak, and Marwah Rayung. "Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings." Polymers 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071494.

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Crude jatropha oil (JO) was modified to form jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) via two steps in a chemical reaction known as epoxidation and hydroxylation. JOL was then reacted with isocyanates to produce JO-based polyurethane resin. In this study, two types of isocyanates, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were introduced to produce JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI respectively. 2,4-TDI is categorised as an aromatic isocyanate whilst IPDI is known as a cycloaliphatic isocyanate. Both JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI were then end-capped by the acrylate functional group of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The effects of that isocyanate structure were investigated for their physico, chemical and thermal properties. The changes of the functional groups during each synthesis step were monitored by FTIR analysis. The appearance of urethane peaks was observed at 1532 cm−1, 1718 cm−1 and 3369 cm−1 while acrylate peaks were detected at 815 cm−1 and 1663 cm−1 indicating that JPUA was successfully synthesised. It was found that the molar mass of JPUA-TDI was doubled compared to JPUA-IPDI. Each resin showed a similar degradation pattern analysed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). For the mechanical properties, the JPUA-IPDI-based coating formulation exhibited a higher hardness value but poor adhesion compared to the JPUA-TDI-based coating formulation. Both types of jatropha-based polyurethane acrylate may potentially be used in an ultraviolet (UV) curing system specifically for clear coat surface applications to replace dependency on petroleum-based chemicals.
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47

Johnston, Andrew M., and John A. Raven. "The analysis of photosynthesis in air and water of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol." Oecologia 69, no. 2 (May 1986): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00377636.

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48

Stamatiadis, Stamatis, Eleftherios Evangelou, Frank Jamois, and Jean-Claude Yvin. "Targeting Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. extract application at five growth stages of winter wheat." Journal of Applied Phycology 33, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 1873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02417-z.

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49

Vilter, Hans, and Dieter Rehder. "51V NMR Investigation of a vanadate(V)-dependent peroxidase from ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol." Inorganica Chimica Acta 136, no. 1 (April 1987): L7—L10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85548-6.

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50

Harun, Nur Haninah, Zurina Zainal Abidin, Abdul Halim Abdullah, and Rizafizah Othaman. "Sustainable Jatropha Oil-Based Membrane with Graphene Oxide for Potential Application in Cu(II) Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution." Processes 8, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020230.

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More recent attention has been focused on the utilization of Jatropha curcas in the field of water treatment. The potential of Jatropha oil in the synthesis of membrane for water filtration had been explored, its performance compared to the addition of graphene oxide (GO) in the polymer matrix. Jatropha oil was modified in a two-step method to produce Jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) and was blended with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) to produce Jatropha polyurethane membrane (JPU). JPU was synthesized in different conditions to obtain the optimized membrane and was blended with different GO loading to form Jatropha/graphene oxide composite membrane (JPU/GO) for performance improvement. The synthesized pristine JPU and JPU/GO were evaluated and the materials were analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, water flux, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results showed that the ratio of HDI to JOL for optimized JPU was obtained at 5:5 (v/v) with the cross-linking temperature at 90 °C and curing temperature at 150 °C. As GO was added into JPU, several changes were observed. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and onset temperature (To) increased from 58 °C to 69 °C and from 170 °C to 202 °C, respectively. The contact angle, however, decreased from 88.8° to 52.1° while the water flux improved from 223.33 L/m2·h to 523.33 L/m2·h, and the pore distribution in JPU/GO became more orderly. Filtration of copper ions using the synthesized membrane was performed to give rejection percentages between 33.51% and 71.60%. The results indicated that GO had a significant impact on JPU. Taken together, these results have suggested that JPU/GO has the potential for use in water filtration.
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