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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Joints with mechanical fasteners'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Podbury, Matthew John. "A finite element study of the stress distribution around mechanical fasteners in composite laminates." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271029.

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2

Arnold, William Stewart. "The behaviour of mechanically fastened joints in composite structures." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328109.

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3

Paraschi, Marion. "A fracture mechanics approach to the failure of adhesive joints." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271440.

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4

Fu, Bin. "Advanced fracture mechanics analysis of shallow surface cracks in fillet welded T-butt plate joints." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363860.

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5

Srinivaas, Sujith. "Testing and Analysis of Innovative High-Speed Automotive Fastening System for Multi Materials." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587397193415362.

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6

Whittaker, Jarrod Talbott. "Ductility and Use of Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel Aerospace Fasteners." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5796.

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The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the ductility and application of titanium alloys, like titanium 6Al-4V, when used in aerospace fasteners compared to more conventional stainless steel aerospace fasteners such as A286. There have been concerns raised about the safe usability of titanium 6-4 in the aerospace industry due to its lack of strain hardening. However, there is a lack of data pertaining to this concern of safe usage which this thesis aims to address. Tensile tests were conducted to find the ductility indexes of these fasteners which quantify the amount of plastic to elastic elongation. From the tests conducted it was found that the two materials yield and tensile strengths were very similar, though the ductility index of A286 is on average ten times greater than that of titanium 6-4. This thesis includes joint diagram examples that analyze typical joints using both materials. It was found from joint diagram examples that the lower ductility index of the titanium alloy will only be detrimental to use at higher preloads. However, the titanium alloy can be used safely in place of A286 in most loading situations just with narrower safety margins in these controlled examples.

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7

Gavric, Igor. "Comportamento sismico di edifici lignei a pannelli in legno lamellare incrociato." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8638.

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2011/2012
Cross-laminated timber, also known as X-Lam or CLT, is well established in Europe as a construction material. Recently, implementation of X-Lam products and systems has begun in countries such as Canada, United States, Australia and New Zealand. So far, no relevant design codes for X-Lam construction were published in Europe, therefore an extensive research on the field of cross-laminated timber is being performed by research groups in Europe and overseas. Experimental test results are required for development of design methods and for verification of design models accuracy. This thesis focuses on the continuation of SOFIE research project which started in 2005, conducted by IVALSA Trees and Timber Research Institute (San Michele all' Adige, Trentino, Italy). The aim of this project is the development of multi-storey timber building systems using prefabricated cross-laminated panels. As several parts of Italy are earthquake-prone areas, seismic resistance of such building system has to be ensured. Thus, within the scope of the SOFIE project, an extensive experimental research on seismic resistance of X-Lam building system has been performed. The project started with performance of racking tests on wall panels with different layouts of connections and openings and pseudo-dynamic tests on a full scale one-storey building, continued with shaking table tests on a 3-storey building and on a 7-storey building, the latter one conducted at E-Defense facility in Miki, Japan. Experimental tests provided excellent outcomes, as the buildings were able to survive a series of strong recorded earthquakes, such as Kobe earthquake (1995), virtually undamaged, while at the same time demonstrating significant energy dissipation. In the scope of this thesis, an extended experimental programme on typical X-Lam connections was performed at IVALSA Research Institute. In addition, cyclic tests were carried out on full-scale single and coupled cross-lam wall panels with different configurations and mechanical connectors subjected to lateral force. The outcomes of these tests were used for evaluation of mechanical properties, ductility ratio, energy dissipation, and impairment of strength, which are all needed in seismic design and are currently not provided by codes of practice such as the Eurocode 8. In addition, analytical models to predict stiffness and strength at different building levels such as connections, wall systems and entire buildings were developed. Further, capacity design method for X-Lam buildings was introduced and was verified with extensive database of experimental results. In the capacity design, overstrength factors are needed, thus these factors were evaluated based on experimental tests on X-Lam subassemblies. Experimental results served also for calibration of advanced component FE models for non-linear static and dynamic numerical analyses of X-Lam walls and buildings, developed at the University of Trieste. Numerical analysis of X-Lam wall systems using the FE model was carried out in order to extend the results of the experimental tests to different configurations of technical interest. Outcomes of the parametric study provided better understanding of the seismic behaviour and energy dissipation capacities of X-Lam wall systems. It was concluded that the numerical and analytical models, presented in this thesis, are a sound basis for determining the seismic response of cross-laminated timber buildings. However, future research is required to further verify and improve these prediction models.
XXV Ciclo
1985

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8

Chen, K. C. "Fatigue of dovetail joints." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355721.

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9

Coates, Cameron Wayne. "New concepts for strength enhancement of co-cured composite single lap joints." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12937.

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10

Zhao, Xingjie. "Stress and failure analysis of adhesively bonded joints." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/0887c1fc-95e1-4661-9992-89d424ad58d2.

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This thesis presents the results of a study into the mechanics of stresses in adhesive layer and the failure of adhesively bonded lap joints. A brief survey was made of the existing methods on the stress analysis of adhesively bonded lap joints. Following this is a discussion of the mechanics of adhesively bonded lap joints. The existence of stresses and factors affecting these stresses are presented in physical terms. A new method is presented for the determination of bending moments at the ends of the overlap for single lap joints. This method is accurate for joints with either identical or different adherends. A new procedure combining the analytical and numerical methods was proposed to obtain stresses in the adhesive layer accurately and efficiently. The reason why analytical methods yield somewhat hall the real peel stresses in the adhesive layer in double lap joints has been establis'hed. Some improvements in the determination of peel stresses in the adhesive layer in double lap joints have been made. A three dimensional stress analysis was carried out to study the stress distribution across the joint- width. An intuitive and numerical study was made into the mechanics of the longitudinal stresses in the adhesive layer. An elastic-plastic stress and strain analysis. has been performed with FEM on joints bonded with radii adherends to study the effect of the rounding of the adherend corners on the stress distribution in the adhesive layer. Some study into the failure process and failure modes were performed. Tests were made on both double and single lap joints. Finally. the failure criteria concerning strength predictions of adhesively bonded joints were reviewed. A, new criterion was proposed for the prediction of joint strength

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11

Khalid, Yousif A. "Static strength of tubular joints." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357818.

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12

Hutchinson, Allan Robert. "Durability of structural adhesive joints." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245438.

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13

Yalamanchili, Seshu R. "Response of multiple fastener composite joints : numerical and experimental results /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020154/.

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14

Adams, Audrey Natasha Natalia. "The durability of organosilane pretreated adhesive joints." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251962.

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15

Payne, J. G. "Residual stresses in welded tubular T-joints." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384523.

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16

Nobari, Ali Salehzadeh. "Identification of the dynamic characteristics of structural joints." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262600.

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17

Camanho, Pedro Manuel Ponces Rodrigues de Castro. "Application of numerical methods to the strength of mechanically fastened joints in composite laminates." Doctoral thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/11439.

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Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine with the supervision of Dr. Frank Matthews

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18

Camanho, Pedro Manuel Ponces Rodrigues de Castro. "Application of numerical methods to the strength of mechanically fastened joints in composite laminates." Tese, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/11439.

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Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine with the supervision of Dr. Frank Matthews

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19

Nagarajan, Vignesh. "Modelling and evaluation of fasteners under fatigue." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263921.

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At the calculations group in Sigma Industry East North, the traditional method for evaluating fasteners has been by use of the VDI2230 manual. As the complexity of a model increases the evaluation also becomes harder. The goal of this thesis is to set a robust evaluation method by combining the VDI2230 with the Finite Element (FE) method. Varied topics such as fastener and plate compliance, embedding effect, forces through the fastener and plate, minimum thread engagement length, service loads and the fatigue effect in fasteners is discussed. The flowchart discusses the process flow, as in, where to use the VDI2230 and where the FE method comes into use. The thesis also helps to understand designing of bolts like selection of the bolt diameter of varied applications and is user friendly to handle. The focus is also on reducing the time taken for fastener evaluation and setting up of an in-house technique for the evaluation. The evaluation method is verified using a test case.
På beräkningsgruppen på Sigma Industry East North har den traditionella metoden för utvärdering av fästelement varit att använda sig av manualen VDI 2230. Ökad komplexitet gör utvärderingen svårare att genomföra. Målet med detta examensarbete är att föreslå en robust utvärderingsmetod som kombinerar VDI 2230 med Finita Element-Analys (FEA). Olika ämnen såsom vekhet för fästelement och plåtar, sättningar, kraftvägar genom fästelement eller plåtar, minsta ingreppslängd, laster och utmattningseffekter diskuteras. Flödesdiagrammet avhandlar processflödet, det vill säga var man ska använda VDI2230 och när FE-metoden bör användas. Examensarbetet är också till för att skapa förståelse för hur man konstruerar skruvar, såsom val av skruvdiameter vid olika tillämpningar. Fokus har också varit att minska tidsåtgången för utvärdering av fästelement och att sätta upp tekniker för utvärdering att användas i den dagliga verksamheten. Utvärderingsmetoden verifieras med hjälp av ett provfall.

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20

Allin, Jonathan Mark. "Disbond detection in adhesive joints using low frequency ultrasound." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270834.

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21

Hambly, H. O. "The strength of adhesively bonded joints degraded by moisture." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/800038/.

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22

Taylor, Ambrose Cornelis. "The impact and durability performance of adhesively-bonded metal joints." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8407.

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23

Strocchia, Leonard D. "Evaluation of deck fasteners functioning as shear connectors for composite steel joists." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42213.

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The use of deck fasteners as shear connectors for composite open web steel joists is studied. Results of thirty-six push-off tests are evaluated in terms of strength and behavior. Six types of deck fasteners are considered. They are: 1. #12-24 Teks/5 self-drilling, self-tapping screws. 2. 1/4-14 Teks/3 with a 1 1/4 in. stand-off sleeve. 3. 1/4-14 Teks/3 with a 1 3/4 in. stand-off sleeve. 4. 1/4-14 Teks/3 with a 2 1/4 in. stand-off sleeve. 5. 0.150 in. dia. air fired pins. 6. Puddle welds (5/8 in. and 3/4 in. diameter). All push-off tests utilize Vulcraft 1.5 VL, 22 gage, composite deck. Several modifications to the typical push-off test arrangement are made, which will permit the test to more closely model the top chord of an open web steel joist. It was found from the push-off test results that all of the deck fasteners, tested in this study, can obtain composite action for snort span open web steel joists with the exception of 0.150 in. diameter air fired pins. A description and the results of each push-off test is included.
Master of Science

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24

Abd-El-Naby, Sherif F. M. "Experimental and theoretical investigations of bolted joints for pultruded composite materials." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1992. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843013/.

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Fibre reinforced structural members are currently being produced using the pultrusion process. The mechanical properties of these members are fundamentally different from those of conventional metallic ones. Therefore, the approximate theories which are suitable for designing the latter elements have to be revised before they are applied to pultrusions. An important aspect of the design of building frames is that of joints. The bolting technique is considered as the most suitable method for on-site jointing. Accordingly, experimental investigations are undertaken in order to establish the behaviour of bolted joints in pultrusions. Numerical and analytical methods are used to investigate the stresses in these joints. Single and two-bolt joints were the subject of experimental investigations. It is shown that materials with high percentage of axial fibres do not develop bearing failure. However, provided the end distance is sufficient, the resulting shear failure will be ductile. The load distribution in joints with two bolts is measured and it is found that it varies with the load on the joint. The theoretical investigations compare the use of the laminated plate theory with three dimensional analyses. Because the use of the laminated plate theory is found to be reasonably accurate, an improvement for the case of a symmetrical laminate is proposed where the laminated shell theory is used to model half the plate only. This technique is based on the assumption of a bi-linear variation of the stress through the thickness of the laminate. The effect of the fastener is an important part of the behaviour of the joints. Three dimensional analyses are performed to assess its effect. To avoid the complications of performing three dimensional analyses, a two dimensional model for considering the effect of the washer on the joint is devised. In addition, a method which avoids iteration when considering the effect of friction is formulated. A finite element formulation for the non-linear and failure behaviour of uniaxial composite materials is developed to investigate the behaviour of the joints. Finally, a closed form analytical formula for calculating the tangential stress around a hole in an infinite orthotropic plate loaded on the hole is generated to simplify the design procedures.

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25

Duer, Ross Howard. "The effect of residual stresses on the toughness of adhesive joints." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265776.

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26

Grant, Lindsay D. R. "The characterisation of adhesive joints found typically in the automotive industry." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386001.

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27

Wirström, Fredrik. "Development and Validation of Threaded Fastener Test Rig." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74502.

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Threaded fastener is one of the most common ways to join components. Having a method to test threaded fasteners is key when designing a joint and even more a nutrunner. A joint is often tightened by a torque applied on the head. The applied torque is equal to three quantities in the joint, the thread torque, the underhead torque and the clamp force. To measure these quantities are the propose of a friction test rig. A test rig was built last year to be able to do that in a flexible and effective way. But the test rig built last year does not have the possibility to measure the underhead torque. A new transducer is constructed to add that possibility. The transducer is constructed by using methods such as concept generation, strength calculations, FEM simulations and a comparison of sensors are made. An easy way to change the stiffness is also investigated but no possible solution could be found. Some modifications and trims are also done on the test rig and also a comparison with the older BLM rig. A validation is made of how good the rig perform is also done. The results shows in favour for the FTR but precise results is not possible to determine.

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28

Dhamari, Ruby Dharma Adji Aerospace Civil &amp Mechanical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The effects of water displacing corrosion preventatives on the fatigue behaviour of mechanically fastened aluminium joints." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Aerospace, Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38668.

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Two failure mechanisms in a double lap joint are investigated. Analytical models of net-section and gross-section failure modes are proposed to describe these mechanisms. The effects of lamping force, interference fit, maximum axial load and WDCP on fatigue performance of the joint are included in the models. The effect of WDCP is assumed to give a reduction in friction coefficient. Three types of stress reduction factors are proposed in the net-section failure model to account for these parameters. The stress reduction factors modify stress range that is used in crack growth calculation. If there are no effects of these parameters, the stress reduction factors are equal to one. Two types of fretting stress are introduced in gross-section failure model to describe either sliding contact or incipient sliding contact on faying surface. The fretting stress is combined with body stress to modify stress range. The net-section failure model predicts that fatigue life is increasing as interference fit, clamping force and friction coefficient increase. The gross-section failure model predicts that fatigue life is decreasing as clamping force and friction coefficient increase. Both models predict that fatigue life is decreasing as maximum axial load increases. Transition of the failure mode occurs earlier as friction coefficient and interference fit increase, while it is delayed as maximum axial load increases. A transition parameter is proposed to establish a relationship between the four main parameters. The transition parameter is expressed in a polynomial equation. It gives an optimum combination of the four main parameters in order to achieve relatively higher fatigue life by having gross-section failure mode. Finite element analysis and fatigue testing are performed to validate the models. The finite element and the analytical models show that stress concentration factor at the edge of the hole is decreasing as clamping force increases. The rate of decrease of stress concentration factor is increasing as friction coefficient increases. While stress concentration factor on the faying surface is increasing as clamping force and friction coefficient increase. Fatigue testing reveals that the fatigue life of the joint is in good agreement with the predicted fatigue life of the proposed models.

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29

Chang, Enrong. "Parametric study for non-destructive fatigue strength evaluation of offshore tubular welded joints." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267650.

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30

Martin, R. H. "The prediction of the fatigue strength of bonded carbon fibre reinforced plastic joints." Thesis, City University London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376124.

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31

Hawkins, Guy Lawrence. "The behaviour of bonded out-of-plane joints in fibre reinforced plastic structures." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261750.

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32

Manchu, Sreenivasarao. "Parameter Identification for Mechanical Joints." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4309.

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All but the simplest physical systems contains mechanical joints. The behavior of these joints is sometimes the dominant factor in over all system behavior. The potential for occurence of microslip and macroslip normally makes the behavior of joints non-linear. Accurate modeling of joints requires a non-linear ramework. As clamping pressures are typically random ad variable, the behavior of the joints becomes random. Joint geometries are random along with other unknowns of the joints. Two different methods for measuring the energy dissipation are explained. In the experimental method, the energy dissipation of a non-linear joint is calculated from the slope of the envelope of the time response of acceleration. The simulation work is carried out by considering a smooth hysteresis model with the help of Matlab programming. Finally, the parameters are extracted for a specific non-linear system by comparing analytical and experimental results.
0736988322

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33

Manteghi, S. "Application of spate and finite element stress analysis methods to models of welded joints." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308239.

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34

Eccles, William. "Tribological aspects of the self-loosening of threaded fasteners." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2010. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/6649/.

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Practically every engineering product with any degree of complexity uses threaded fasteners. Although threaded fasteners are generally considered a mature technology, significant problems exist with their use. This study has investigated a number of issues with the tightening and self-loosening of threaded fasteners. - It was found that upon repeated tightening of electro-zinc plated fastners significant wear of the contact surfaces of the bolt/nut thread and nut face occured. This wear was accompanied by an increase in the friction coefficient causing a reduction in the clamp force provided for an assembly when tightened to a specific torque value. - The self-loosening characteristics of prevailing torque nuts were also investigated. It was found that there was a significant loss of prevailing torque when a fastner self-loosened when compared to the prevailing torque when being deliberately disassembled. The current standard test for prevailing torque nuts on re-use does not reflect this surprising result and leads to a significant over-estimate of the capability of this class of nut to resist self-loosening. This is a contribution to knowledge on this topic. - A further major original finding of this study has been that if an axial load is also acting on a joint which is experiencing transverse slip, prevailing torque nuts can continue to self-loosen leading to their possible detachment from bolts. A number of accidents have been caused by such detachments, but the cause was not understood partly because this detachment could not be reproduced on the standard loosening test. Work reported in this thesis has been found that if an external axial load is acting whilst the joint is experiencing transverse slip, under the approprioate conditions, the loosening process will continue until nut detachment occurs. - A series of tests has been completed in which the forces needed to tighten and loosen threaded fastners were measured whilst the joint was being subjected to transverse slip/vibration. Measurements were made of the frictional resistance forces in the circumfrential direction and the loosening torque acting on a fastner under transverse slip conditions. It was found that the loosening torque range varied between two positive limits rather than between zero and an upper limit as anticipated by the theory. It was also found that the friction coefficient in the circumfrential direction in the threads is greated than that on the nut face bearing surface during conditions of transverse slip.

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35

Davies, Richard G. H. "Analysis of the influence of temperature on the performance of adhesively bonded single lap joints." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367906.

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36

Gal, Julianna Mary. "Mechanical properties of mammalian intervertebral joints." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305848.

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37

Sergeev, Boris Anatolievich 1964. "Analysis of composite laminates with multiple fasteners by boundary collocation technique." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282412.

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Mechanical fasteners remain the primary means of load transfer between structural components made of composite laminates. As, in pursuit of increasing efficiency of the structure, the operational load continues to grow, the load carried by each fastener increases accordingly. This accelerates initiation of fatigue-related cracks near the fasteners holes and increases probability of failure. Therefore, the assessment of the stresses around the fastener holes and the stress intensity factors associated with edge cracks becomes critical for damage-tolerant design. Because of the presence of unknown contact stresses and the contact region between the fastener and the laminate, the analysis of a pin-loaded hole becomes considerably more complex than that of a traction-free hole. The accurate prediction of the contact stress distribution along the hole boundary is critical for determining the stress intensity factors and is essential for reliable strength evaluation and failure prediction. This study concerns the development of an analytical methodology, based on the boundary collocation technique, to determine the contact stresses and stress intensity factors required for strength and life prediction of bolted joints with many fasteners. It provides an analytical capability for determining the non-linear contact stresses in mechanically fastened composite laminates while capturing the effects of finite geometry, presence of edge cracks, interaction among fasteners, material anisotropy, fastener flexibility, fastener-hole clearance, friction between the pin and the laminate, and by-pass loading. Also, the proposed approach permits the determination of the fastener load distribution, which significantly influences the failure load of a multi-fastener joint. The well known phenomenon of the fastener tightening torque (clamping force) influence on the load distribution among the different fastener in a multi-fastener joints is taken into account by means of bi-linear representation of the elastic fastener deflection. Finally, two different failure criteria, maximum strains averaged over the characteristic distances and Tsai-Wu criterion, were used to predict the failure load and failure mode in two composite-aluminum joints. The comparison of the present predictions with the published experimental results reveals their agreement.

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38

Parmar, Ravindra. "The long-term behaviour of butt fusion welds in polyethylene pipeline systems." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6631.

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The objective of the study was to examine factors that influence the strength of butt welds and gain an understanding of the process of failure. The study was divided into several sectors. The first and primary part of the programme was to determine the extent to which the pipe system's long-term strength under both internal fluctuating and constant pressure is reduced by the presence of axially misaligned butt welds. The second objective was to examine fracture initiation sites and crack propagation paths of the failed aligned and misaligned butt welded samples in relation to the melt flow zone and the weld bead in order to establish the cause of failure. Finally the project considered the influence of selected welding parameters on the fatigue performance of aligned butt fusion welds and an investigation into the influence of elevated temperature (79°C) testing technique on the basic material's properties. Fatigue and stress-rupture lifetimes were found to decrease significantly with increasing axial misalignment at the butt fusion weld in 63,90 and 125mm MDPE pipe systems at 79°C in a water environment. In the butt fusion weld having axial misalignment of 20 per cent of the wall thickness and above, the reduction in the fatigue and stress-rupture lifetime was greater than 50 per cent compared to the aligned weld. It was not clear whether there is a pipe size effect or not; there was no marked change in the fatigue performance of misaligned butt welds for the three pipe diameters examined. However, the fatigue performance of the aligned butt welds in 90 and 125mm was noticeably better compared to 63mm pipe systems. The stress rupture performance of misaligned butt welds in 90 and 125mm MDPE pipes was more than halved compared to those in 63mm pipe systems. Both the fatigue and stress rupture performance of misaligned butt welds could be explained in terms of amplified axial stress and in general, the Ory expression for evaluating the increase in axial stress due to misalignment appears to be valid. The temperature dependence of the fatigue performance of aligned and misaligned butt fusion welds in 63 and 90mm MDPE pipe systems suggests that if continuous internal fluctuating pressure under the conditions examined is maintained, then the butt fusion welds with axial misalignment of below 10 per cent of the wall thickness may well meet the design lifetime of 50 years at the service termperature. Under stress-rupture conditions, all the misaligned butt welds considered in the three pipe diameters surpassed the minimum specified requirement of 170 hours at 79°C. The fatigue was the most aggresive condition of the two for minor misalignment. Examination of the circumferential butt weld failures revealed that the crack invariably initiated from the notch located at the inner weld bead and no preferred crack propagation path was taken in relation to the melt flow zone. It was proved that the notch was responsible for the observed circumferential failure of aligned butt welds in 63mm MDPE pipes by testing these butt fusion welds where the internal weld bead was machined off. The failure site for the internal weld bead machined off sample was in the pipe remote from the weld inferring that the material in the melt flow zone does not constitute any weakness. The effect of elevated temperature (79°C) testing in 63mm HDPE pipe was found to increase the density (and crystallinity) signifying a slow annealing process in the material. However, the changes in these parameters were not of sufficient scale to strongly influence the performance. The main effect of elevated temperature testing in water environment appears to be the extraction of stabiliser from the base polymer as was indicated by the rapid decrease in oxidation induction time with the ageing times.

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39

Robertson, I. "Strength loss in welded aluminium structures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372908.

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40

Boroomand, Tirdad. "Variable impedance journal bearings for rotor-bearing systems." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258437.

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41

Jones, Keith G. Joes. "An investigation of the factors influencing the distribution of splitting stress around tensile lapped splices." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1513.

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This study examines the effects of various rib properties and reinforced section geometries on the splitting force distribution around tensile lapped splices. The study makes use of a test specimen which idealizes the situation that exists in a tensile lapped splice between adjacent lateral cracks. The test specimen always failed by a longitudinal splitting of the concrete cover along a predefined failure plane. During the study the Influence of relative rib area, rib profile, amount of secondary link reinforcement, lateral pressure and bar spacing within the lap on the ultimate bond strength of the lap were examined. It was found that, for hot rolled (untwisted) deformed bars with crescent shaped ribs the orientation of the ribs to the splitting plane significantly affected the ultimate bond strength of the test specimen and, whilst the relative rib area was a good measure of a deformed bars performance In bond, it could not distinguish between the different orientations used. Further, since the maximum percentage Increase In ultimate bond stress for the same bar between orientations was of a similar magnitude to that observed for a doubling of a bars relative rib area the author recommends that bar orientation be taken into account when detailing tensile lapped splices. The presence of link steel perpendicular to the splitting plane did not significantly influence the ultimate bond strength of the model test specimen although the presence of lateral pressure did. The stress in the links at the occurrence of a full length splitting crack was less than 100 N/mm2. The finite element method was used to examine the two fundamental hypotheses describing the bond action of deformed reinforcing bars and to examine the implications of the assumption that the splitting forces around the circumference of a reinforcing bar are distributed proportionally to the rib height. The finite element analysis was also used to study the effect of varying the distance between the lapped bars on the spitting force distribution around the lapped bars. The results of a linear elastic analysis showed that both rib profile and bar spacing had a significant effect on the distribution of splitting forces around a tension lapped splice

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42

Mohamed, Sherif Ali Mohtady. "Behaviour of sleeved bolt connections in precast concrete building frames." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315403.

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43

Boyes, Robert. "Adhesive bonding of stainless steel : strength and durability." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1998. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3115/.

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Adhesive bonding as an alternative method of joining materials together has many advantages over the more conventional joining methods such as fusion and spot welding, bolting and riveting. For example, adhesives can be used to bond dissimilar materials, adhesive joints have a high stiffness to weight ratio and the stress distribution within the joint is much improved. Stainless steels are commonly used in applications that would clearly benefit from adhesive bonding; architectural cladding, because of the large bond areas involved, and in the railway industry, due to improved acoustic insulation and greater fatigue resistance. The work presented in this thesis is concerned with adhesive bonding of stainless steels intended for structural applications. As a starting point to the investigation, a review of the literature was conducted, covering the intrinsic mechanisms of adhesion, the significance of the chemical and physical nature of the adherend surface, the types of structural adhesives, the methods of testing adhesive joints and surface characterisation techniques. The first experimental stage, involved a screening programme to evaluate a number of candidate adhesive systems and adherend surface pre-treatments. Standard single overlap shear and floating roller peel tests conducted in ambient conditions were employed in the discrimination and the degree of compatibility between adhesive and adherend, as measured by the proportion of cohesive failure on the post-fracture face, was also considered. In the second stage of the experimental work, lap shear tests were used to evaluate the affects of surface contamination on joint strength. In addition, lap shear and peel tests were considered to assess the significance of the adhesive bondline and primer thickness. In order to assess the environmental durability of adhesive joints, lap shear and peel tests were conducted after ageing in ambient and high humidity environments. To compliment the data, Boeing wedge crack extension tests were also carried out on adhesive bonded joints incorporating adherends with different surface conditions, to investigate the contribution to joint strength in ambient and adverse environments afforded by surface pre-treatment. The next stage of the experimental work was designed to evaluate the significance of the adherend type and its thickness on initial lap shear strength. Several different commercial grades and gauges of stainless steel were used in the tests, which were conducted at room temperature. The final stage of the experimental work was concentrated on the room temperature creep and dynamic fatigue performance of adhesive joints. Throughout the course of study a number of different surface analytical techniques were employed to physically and chemically characterise the surfaces of pm-bonded adherends and to identify the locus of failure on post-fracture faces. The single overlap shear and floating roller peel tests were able to differentiate between the candidate adhesives; epoxy systems, particularly the toughened variants, were considered the most suitable structural adhesives for bonding stainless steels in load bearing applications. However, these tests and subsequent tests using lap shear and peel, failed to discriminate conclusively between the different surface pre-treatments (except untreated or crudely prepared surfaces) and ageing environments. The Boeing wedge crack extension tests were found to be sensitive to the condition of the adherend surface and the environment in which the joint is located; roughening the surface of the adherend either chemically or physically was found to enhance joint durability in ambient, high humidity and sub-zero environments. The use of surface primers and coupling agents may protect the un-bonded surface and benefit joint durability, but excessively thick primer layers may reduce joint strength. The stiffness of the adherend material was found to significantly influence lap shear strength. Stiffer adherends, either thicker or inherently stronger, give higher joint strengths because they resist joint rotation and the peel stresses at the extremes of the overlap are minimised. Lap joints with low stiffness adherends will fail by peel-dominated, adherend-controlled failure and lap joints with high stiffness adherends will fail by shear-dominated, adhesive-controlled failure. Two elastic models were proposed for determining the elastic rotation and the line peel force as a function of the shear stress. The room temperature creep results showed an endurance limit of -40% mean static failure load (design load = 250 N.mni1 ). The dynamic fatigue results were favourable compared to those of spot welded and weldbonded joints and an endurance limit of 40% mean static failure load (design load = 250 N.mm-1 ) was observed. Finally, leaving the hard fillets of cured adhesive squeeze-out, intact at the extremes of the overlap, will reinforce the joint and minimise the rotation-induced peel stresses that will lead to premature failure when the adherend plastically deforms under static or dynamic loading.

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44

Emeanuwa, P. C. "Structure and properties of internal weld lines in injection moulded thermoplastics and short fibre reinforced composites." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376356.

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45

Hyde, Tom R. "Development of a representative specimen for fretting fatigue of spline joint couplings." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272758.

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46

Mahdi, Ali Abdulkarim. "Moment-rotation behaviour of connections in precast concrete structures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387185.

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47

Zia, Tabari M. "Design, development and assessment of an automated ultrasonic inspection system in production and experimental analysis if tubular butt welds for identification and characterisation of weld defect." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376231.

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48

Piyasin, Surasith. "The design of the hollow-bore clevis-pin type of load cell." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322937.

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49

Hoon, K. H. "Buckling behaviour of intermediately stiffened plate elements." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372102.

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50

El-, Shihy A. M. "Unwelded shear connectors in composite steel and concrete structures." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374861.

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