Relevant bibliographies by topics / Joints loads

Academic literature on the topic 'Joints loads'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Joints loads"

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Özes, Çiçek, and Özgen Aydin. "Analysis of Sandwich T-Joints under Compression Loads in Marine Applications." Advanced Composites Letters 18, no. 3 (May 2009): 096369350901800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350901800301.

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This paper deals with the analysis of sandwich T-joints in terms of buckling loads, which are used in marine applications. Buckling loads have been investigated experimentally and numerically. Loading is applied as uniform axial compression. The GRP/PVC sandwich composite T- joints have been manufactured in six different geometries. Numerical and experimental results both show that the geometry of the T-joint area affects the buckling loads. It has been observed that failure mode is the same in all of the joint types, which is core shear. Stress distributions in T-joints have also been investigated under buckling loads and also for a constant compression load. It is seen that T-joint geometry has an effect on stress distributions obtained under buckling loads.
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Zhuang, Fujian, and Puhui Chen. "Effects of missing fasteners on the mechanical behavior of double-lap, multi-row composite bolted joints." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 28 (May 2, 2018): 3919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318771464.

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This paper presents a numerical investigation into the effects of missing fasteners on the mechanical characteristics of double-lap, multi-row composite bolted joints. A highly efficient explicit finite element model, which was validated effective and accurate by experiments, was developed and employed to conduct the virtual tests. Single-column and multi-column joints with various positions of missing fastener were considered. It is shown that the removal of fasteners can reduce the joint stiffness significantly, especially in joints with fewer columns or missing fasteners in the outside rows. The removal of fasteners can also cause considerable reductions in both the initial significant failure loads and ultimate loads of multi-column joints, while in single-column joints only the initial significant failure loads are influenced. Considering the load distribution, it is suggested that bolts in the same column as or in the adjacent column to the missing fastener experience a notable growth in load. Meanwhile, if a bolt bears more loads in the pristine joint, the larger changes in stiffness, ultimate strength, and load distribution may be obtained when it is lost.
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Ma, Yan Yan, Kai Fu Zhang, Zhao Jun Yang, and Yuan Li. "Effects of Impact on the Failure of CFRP/Al Bonded Single-Lap Joints with Different Overlap Length." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.814.

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A parametric study on CFRP/Al adhesively bonded single lap joints was experimentally conducted. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of overlap length and impact loads on the failure mode and failure load of joints. Experimental results show that structural failure of joints occurred in the adhesive layer or the bonded interface; failure loads and impact resistance of the joint increased as the overlap length increased; the carrying load of joints which subjected to impact declined significantly because of internal damage of the adhesive layer.
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Ooi, E. P., R. Daud, N. A. M. Amin, and T. W. Hong. "Recent Development on Fracture Analysis of Solder Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.680.

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Solder joints failure due to thermal loads and mechanical loads is a significant reliability concern in electronic devices. From literatures, little attention is paid to the development of methods on predicting fracture behavior of solder joint under mixed-mode loading. In reality, the solder joints are exposed to drop impact, vibration loading, bending, and twisting of PCBs. Study on this matter will lead to prediction of fracture load, prevalent fracture mode, exact joint interconnect size and life of joints under brittle and fatigue failure. This paper presents a review of recent fracture analysis on solder joints.
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Kang, Heesuk, Paul Park, Frank La Marca, Scott J. Hollister, and Chia-Ying Lin. "Analysis of load sharing on uncovertebral and facet joints at the C5–6 level with implantation of the Bryan, Prestige LP, or ProDisc-C cervical disc prosthesis: an in vivo image-based finite element study." Neurosurgical Focus 28, no. 6 (June 2010): E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.focus1046.

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Object The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare load sharing of the facet and uncovertebral joints after total cervical disc arthroplasty using 3 different implant designs. Methods Three-dimensional voxel finite element models were built for the C5–6 spine unit based on CT images acquired from a candidate patient for cervical disc arthroplasty. Models of facet and uncovertebral joints were added and artificial discs were placed in the intervertebral disc space. Finite element analyses were conducted under normal physiological loads for flexion, extension, and lateral bending to evaluate von Mises stresses and strain energy density (SED) levels at the joints. Results The Bryan disc imposed the greatest average stress and SED levels at facet and uncovertebral joints with flexion-extension and lateral bending, while the ProDisc-C and Prestige LP discs transferred less load due to their rigid cores. However, all artificial discs showed increased loads at the joints in lateral bending, which may be attributed to direct impinging contact force. Conclusions In unconstrained/semiconstrained prostheses with different core rigidity, the shared loads at the joints differ, and greater flexibility may result in greater joint loads. With respect to the 3 artificial discs studied, load sharing of the Bryan disc was highest and was closest to normal load sharing with the facet and uncovertebral joints. The Prestige LP and ProDisc-C carried more load through their rigid core, resulting in decreased load transmission to the facet and uncovertebral joints.
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Truong Viet, Hoai, Tran Duc Hoan, Vu Minh Vinh, and Chu Van Huy. "Failure load prediction of single-lap bonded joints by damage zone method." Journal of Military Science and Technology, no. 79 (May 19, 2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.79.2022.52-59.

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The failure load of single-lap bonded joints with dissimilar adherend materials was predicted using the damage zone method. A number of six joint configurations with different thicknesses of the adherends were considered. Three-dimensional finite element models were built to represent the behavior of the bonded joints, and the damage zone method was applied to predict the failure loads of the joints. The predictions of failure loads of the joints were achieved, showing a good agreement between the numerical and the corresponding experimental results.
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Gao, Deng Li, Zhen Bao Li, Guo Feng Wang, and Jian Cheng Li. "The Experimental Investigation of Slab Participation in Flexural Behavior of Beams under Two-Way Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.969.

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The paper designed three joints namely beam-column joint of reinforced concrete frame without slab and two beam-column joints of reinforced concrete frame with slab, using different loading methods (one direction and two directions) to experiment. The paper studied failure behavior, load-carrying capacity, and slab participation in flexural behavior of beam under different loading modes. Experiment shows that for the joints with slab, flexural capacity at end of the beam under two direction loads than one direction loads lows by about 10%; under one direction load, effective flange width of slab should be taken 8 times thickness, under two direction loads, effective flange width of slab should be taken 10 times thickness.
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Kipp, Kristof, Josh Redden, Michelle Sabick, and Chad Harris. "Kinematic and Kinetic Synergies of the Lower Extremities During the Pull in Olympic Weightlifting." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 3 (July 2012): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.3.271.

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The purpose of this study was to identify multijoint lower extremity kinematic and kinetic synergies in weight-lifting and compare these synergies between joints and across different external loads. Subjects completed sets of the clean exercise at loads equal to 65, 75, and 85% of their estimated 1-RM. Functional data analysis was used to extract principal component functions (PCF’s) for hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and moments of force during the pull phase of the clean at all loads. The PCF scores were then compared between joints and across loads to determine how much of each PCF was present at each joint and how it differed across loads. The analyses extracted two kinematic and four kinetic PCF’s. The statistical comparisons indicated that all kinematic and two of the four kinetic PCF’s did not differ across load, but scaled according to joint function. The PCF’s captured a set of joint- and load-specific synergies that quantified biomechanical function of the lower extremity during Olympic weightlifting and revealed important technical characteristics that should be considered in sports training and future research.
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Su, Yi Sheng, Shu Fang Zheng, Qi Liang Li, and Jin Yun Quan. "Experimental Study on the Static Performance of Joints in the Castellated Portal Frame of Light-Weight Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.563.

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In order to study the mechanical behavior of joints in the castellated portal frame of light-weight steel under static loads, a static loads experiment has been performed for these new joints in this paper. The experiment members include four castellated joints and one solid-web joint of original steel, considering three vary parameters which are connection form of joints, joint region with setting stiffener and the distance from the center of hole to joint region. Experiment shows: the stiffness of castellated joints is higher than the one of solid-web joint. The parameters have a great influence on the mechanical behavior of joints, except the connection form of joints.
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Huang, Zhen, Jiawei Zhang, Zimao Peng, Hongbo Hu, Huiping An, Xulong Yang, and Tianxiang Xiong. "Simulation of Thermomechanical Coupling and Evaluation of the Fire Resistance for the Joints of Fabricated Frame Tunnel." Fire 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6010003.

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Fire in a tunnel will deteriorate the mechanical properties of the tunnel. For fabricated tunnels formed by splicing prefabricated components through joints, under the high temperature of a fire, the rapid degradation of the bearing capacity of the joints can easily lead to tunnel damage. In this study, a new type of joint (bolt-pin joints (BPJ)) for prefabricated frame tunnels is proposed. To investigate the fire resistance of the new joint and the other three fabricated frame tunnel joints (including mortise joints (MJ), bolt-mortise joints (BMJ), and pin joints (PJ)), a three-dimensional solid model of four types of fabricated frame tunnel joints is established using the finite element calculation software ABAQUS. According to the standard European HC curve, the heat transfer characteristics of the joint model are analyzed, the temperature distribution law of the joint under fire is studied, and the flexural bearing performance and deformation characteristics of the joint before and after the fire are discussed, as well as the influence of the initial axial force on the flexural bearing capacity and the opening of the joint under fire. The analysis result shows that the vertical peak load of the BPJ is higher than that of the other three joints at room temperature. Under the combined action of the pin and bolts and the tongue groove, the vertical peak load of the joints can be effectively increased and the midspan vertical displacement can be reduced. The decrease degree of the vertical peak load of the MJ and BMJ under fire exposure is greater than that of the other two joints, and the opening of the BPJ is 19 mm, which is much smaller than that of the other three joints. When the initial axial force is increased, the openings of the four joints under fire exposure are reduced, the vertical peak loads of the PJ and BPJ are increased, and the vertical peak loads of the MJ and BMJ are not significantly increased. Overall, the BPJ demonstrates better fire resistance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Joints loads"

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Angelakos, Bill. "The behavior of reinforced concrete knee joints under earthquake loads." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/NQ41091.pdf.

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Dale, Kenneth William 1971. "Behaviour of tubular connections under variable repeated loads." Monash University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8848.

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Li, Huawei. "Dynamic performance of reinforced concrete beams and joints subjected to impact loads." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84205.

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This thesis performs analytical, numerical and experimental studies to investigate the influences of various parameters that affect the drop-weight impact tests, and the impact responses of monolithic and precast reinforced concrete beams, and beam-to-column joints. Influences of the drop weight test setup configurations and measurement methods on impact force and impact response of beams are examined. Performances of precast concrete beams and beam-to-column joints subjected to impact loads and their impact resistance capacities are investigated.
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Srinivasan, Shiva. "Characterization of stresses induced in doweled joints due to thermal and impact loads." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2186.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 114 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-113).
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Zarco-González, José Carlos. "Analysis of damage progression in composite joints subjected to bearing and by-pass loads." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432764.

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Lo, Clifford Fook Leong. "Behaviour and design of eccentrically loaded bolted connections." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63986.

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Al-Mukhtar, Ahmed. "The safety analysis concept of welded components under cyclic loads using fracture mechanics method." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-39477.

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Fracture Mechanics process of Welded Joint is a very vast research area and has many possibilities for solution and prediction. Although the fatigue strength (FAT) and stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions are reported in several handbooks and recommendations, these values are available only for a small number of specimens, components, loading and welding geometries. The available solutions are not always adequate for particular engineering applications. Moreover, the reliable solutions of SIF are still difficult to find in spite of several SIF handbooks have been published regarding the nominal applied SIF. The effect of residual stresses is still the most challenge in fatigue life estimation. The reason is that the stress distributions and SIF modified by the residual stresses have to be estimated. The stress distribution is governed by many parameters such as the materials type, joint geometry and welding processes. In this work, the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), which used crack tip SIFs for cases involving the effect of weld geometry, is used to calculate the crack growth life for some different notch cases. The variety of crack configurations and the complexity of stress fields occurring in engineering components require more versatile tools for calculating SIFs than available in handbook’s solutions that were obtained for a range of specific geometries and load combinations. Therefore, the finite element method (FEM) has been used to calculate SIFs of cracks subjected to stress fields. LEFM is encoded in the FEM software, FRANC, which stands for fracture analysis code. The SIFs due to residual stress are calculated in this work using the weight function method. The fatigue strength (FAT) of load-carrying and non-load carrying welded joints with lack of penetration (LOP) and toe crack, respectively, are determined using the LEFM. In some studied cases, the geometry, material properties and loading conditions of the joints are identical to those of specimens for which experimental results of fatigue life and SIF were available in literature so that the FEM model could be validated. For a given welded material and set of test conditions, the crack growth behavior is described by the relationship between cyclic crack growth rate, da/dN, and range of the stress intensity factor ( K) , i.e., by Paris’ law. Numerical integration of the Paris’ equation is carried out by a FORTRAN computer routine. The obtained results can be used for calculating FAT values. The computed SIFs along with the Paris’ law are used to predict the crack propagation. The typical crack lengths for each joint geometry are determined using the built language program by backward calculations. To incorporate the effect of residual stresses, the fatigue crack growth equations which are sensitive to stress ratio R are recommended to be used. The Forman, Newman and de Konig (FNK) solution is considered to be the most suitable one for the present purpose. In spite of the recent considerable progress in fracture mechanics theories and applications, there seems to be no, at least to the author’s knowledge, systematic study of the effect of welding geometries and residual stresses upon fatigue crack propagation based completely on an analytical approach where the SIF due to external applied load (Kapp) is calculated using FEM. In contrast, the SIF due to residual stresses (Kres) is calculated using the analytical weight function method and residual stress distribution. To assess the influence of the residual stresses on the failure of a weldment, their distribution must be known. Although residual stresses in welded structures and components have long been known to have an effect on the components fatigue performance, access to reliable, spatially accurate residual stress field data are limited. This work constitutes a systematic research program regarding the concept for the safety analysis of welded components with fracture mechanics methods, to clarify the effect of welding residual stresses upon fatigue crack propagation
Die Bewertung einer Schweißnaht ist ein großes Forschungsgebiet und hat viele Möglichkeiten für Lösungskonzepte und Vorhersagen. Obwohl für die Schwingfestigkeit und die Spannungsintensitätsfaktor (SIF)-Lösungen in verschiedenen Handbüchern Empfehlungen ausgewiesen sind, sind diese Werte nur für eine geringe Anzahl von Proben, Komponenten, Belastungsfälle und Schweißgeometrien verfügbar. Die vorhandenen Lösungsansätze sind nicht immer für spezielle technische Anwendungen geeignet. Darüber hinaus sind zuverlässige bewährte Lösungen von Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren immer noch schwierig zu finden, obwohl verschiedene SIF-Handbücher mit Hinweis auf den anliegenden nominalen SIF veröffentlicht sind. Der Einfluss von Eigenspannungen ist eine der größten Herausforderungen bei der Lebensdauerabschätzung. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass infolge der Eigenspannungen sowohl die Spannungsverteilung als auch der SIF verändert werden, muss eine Abschätzung erfolgen. Die Spannungsverteilung wird durch viele Parameter beeinflusst, wie zum Beispiel den Werkstoff, die Nahtgeometrie und den Schweißprozess. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde für die Berechnung des Ermüdungsrisswachstums unter verschiedenen Kerbfällen das Konzept der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik (LEBM) verwendet, welches K-Lösungen für die Rissspitze bei unterschiedlichen Fällen der Schweißgeometrie berücksichtigt. Aufgrund der Komplexität der Risskonfigurationen und der Spannungsfelder in praxisrelevanten Komponenten werden weitere Hilfsmittel zur Berechnung von Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren benötigt, welche die herkömmlichen Lösungen in Handbüchern erweitern. Deshalb wurde die Finite Elemente Methode (FEM) zur Berechnung von Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren an Rissen verwendet. Die LEBM wird in der FEMSoftware FRANC berücksichtigt. Die aus Eigenspannungen resultierenden Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren wurden mit Hilfe der Gewichtsfunktionsmethode berechnet. Die Ermüdungslebensdauer (Schwingfestigkeit) von tragenden und nichttragenden Schweißnähten mit ungenügender Durchschweißung beziehungsweise Kerbriss wurden mit Hilfe der LEBM durch Integration der Zyklischen Risswachstumskurve ermittelt. Zur Validierung des FEM-Modells konnte in einigen untersuchten Fällen auf experimentelle Ergebnisse zur Lebensdauer und zum SIF aus der Literatur zurückgegriffen werden, wo identische Geometrien, Materialeigenschaften und Belastungsverhältnisse der Naht vorlagen. Unter Vorgabe des Werkstoffes und der Prüfbedingungen wurde das Risswachstumsverhalten mit dem Zusammenhang von Risswachstumsgeschwindigkeit da/dN und zyklischem Spannungsintensitätsfaktor K mit dem Paris-Gesetz beschrieben. Eine numerische Integration der Paris-Gleichung erfolgte über ein FORTRAN-Programm. Die damit erhaltenen Ergebnisse sind als Ermüdungslebensdauer (Schwingfestigkeit) verwendbar. Die berechneten SIF‘en entlang der Paris-Geraden werden zur Vorhersage des Risswachstums benutzt. Die typischen Risslängen für jede Nahtgeometrie wurden mit Hilfe des eigens integrierten Programmes ermittelt. Zur Berücksichtigung des Einflusses von Eigenspannungen wird empfohlen, Risswachstumsgleichungen zu nutzen, die empfindlich auf das Spannungsverhältnis R reagieren. Für die vorliegende Zielsetzung gilt der Lösungsansatz nach Forman, Newman und de Konig (FNK) als der am besten geeignete. Trotz der jüngsten, beträchtlichen Fortschritte in den bruchmechanischen Theorien und Anwendungen sind systematische Studien zum Einfluss der Schweißgeometrie und der Eigenspannungen auf das Ermüdungsrisswachstum, in welchen der SIF aufgrund extern anliegender Beanspruchungen (Kapp) mit der FEM berechnet wurde, in der Literatur kaum vorhanden. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde der SIF infolge von Eigenspannungen (Kres) mit Hilfe der analytischen Gewichtsfunktionsmethode und der Eigenspannungsverteilung berechnet. Um den Einfluss von Eigenspannungen auf das Versagen einer Schweißverbindung abzuschätzen, muss deren Verteilung bekannt sein. Obwohl die Wirkung von Eigenspannungen auf das Ermüdungsverhalten in geschweißten Strukturen und Komponenten schon lange bekannt ist, ist der Zugriff auf verlässliche und präzise Daten von räumlichen Eigenspannungsfeldern begrenzt. Bezüglich einer konzeptionellen Sicherheitsanalyse von geschweißten Komponenten mit bruchmechanischen Methoden begründet diese Arbeit einen systematischen Ansatz, um den Einfluss von Schweißeigenspannungen auf das Ermüdungsrisswachstum zu verdeutlichen
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Guivarch, Damien. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à l'estimation des efforts sur les ensembles mécaniques en phase d'architecture. Application aux hélicoptères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0053.

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Les nouveaux outils logiciels permettent de simuler le comportement dynamique transitoire des systèmes mécaniques multi-corps. Pourraient-ils produire une bonne prévision des efforts qui prennent place dans les systèmes de voilures tournantes des hélicoptères? Les travaux développés dans cette thèse apportent des éléments de réponse à cette question, sachant que le contexte considéré est porteur de nombreuses difficultés : flexibilités des corps, liaisons mécaniques complexes, hyperstatismes…L’enjeu est important car le cycle de développement de ces ensembles mécaniques serait fortement réduit par une bonne estimation d’efforts dès les premières étapes de la conception d’une nouvelle architecture. Dans ce cadre, un nouveau niveau de modélisation est introduit, centré sur les systèmes dynamiques à l’étude. La présentation de l’approche multi-échelle proposée implique le recours à des modèles locaux simplifiés. L’étude s’appuie sur le système de voilure tournante de l’hélicoptère H160 actuellement en phase d’industrialisation chez Airbus Helicopters et qui comprend les pales, le rotor principal et les actionneurs de commande hydrauliques. Trois développements majeurs sont détaillés : modélisations d’un sous-ensemble plateaux cycliques, des pales et du système de voilure tournante. Le nouveau cadre de modélisation ainsi constitué permet d’estimer les interefforts au niveau des liaisons mécaniques du système, et de suivre leurs évolutions au cours du temps
New software tools are used to simulate the transient dynamic behaviour of multi-body mechanical systems. Could they provide a good forecast of loads applied on helicopter rotary wing system? The work developed in this thesis provides some answers to this question, knowing that the context considered presents many difficulties: flexible bodies, complex mechanical links, hyperstatisms… The stakes are high because the development cycle of these mechanical assemblies would be greatly reduced by a correct estimation of loads during the first steps of the design of a new architecture. In this context, a new level of modeling is introduced, focusing on the dynamic systems studied. Since this level is part of a multi-scale approach, it is necessary to feed it with simplified models of the subassemblies that form the studied system, and this leads to so-called local studies. The presentation of this work is based on the rotary wing system of H160 helicopter, currently in industrialization phase at Airbus Helicopters, which includes the blades, the main rotor and the hydraulic control actuators. Three major developments are detailed: modelling of a swashplates sub-assembly, blades and the rotary wing system.The new modelling framework thus created allows the loads estimation at the level of the mechanical links of these systems and the monitoring of their evolution over time
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Spittka, Berndt F. (Berndt Friedrich) 1980. "Analysis of headless shear stud connections." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74404.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-117)
Highway bridges are exposed to numerous elemental and loading issues that are extremely difficult for a designer to anticipate and account for during design. The current state of practice is to design a bridge deck for a certain life span and then turn the bridge over to maintenance personnel who attempt to prolong the life of the deck through a variety of repair and rehabilitation measures. These repair measures are rarely, if ever, considered during the design process of the bridge deck. Numerous researchers have looked at making bridges, specifically decks, more repairable. The majority of these research efforts have focused on the bridge deck system as a whole. Other researchers have looked at individual elements of the bridge deck to girder connection to see if the required strength could be achieved while making the connections easier to take apart. One of the main components in the bridge deck to girder system is the steel shear stud connection, which is used to create composite action between the deck and the girder. Numerous researchers have studied this connection from a strength perspective, and the strength equations for the shear connection have been codified. Shear connections using headless studs have been researched as well, but always as a part of a larger deck to girder connection system. The headless stud has never been researched to see how it responds to a shear loading. This study looks at headless studs with varying levels of debonding along the stud shaft to analyze the impact on the load resistance that the levels of debonding would have. Granular materials for the shear transfer of load are also looked at. The results show that, as expected, the headless, debonded shear studs can carry less load than a bonded stud, but the difference in load carrying capacity is within the suggested over-estimation range of the codes that other researchers have suggested. These results suggest that the use of headless, debonded shear studs in a deck to girder connection is a feasible way to make that connection more repairable.
Funded by the U.S. Dept. of the Army.
by Berndt F. Spittka
S.M.
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Carroll, Jeffery D. "Withdrawal and combined load capacity of threaded fastener wood joints /." This resource online, 1988. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04122010-083654/.

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Books on the topic "Joints loads"

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Al-Qazzaz, Khaled. Buckling failure in adhesive joints under bending loads. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Roeder, C. W. Field measurements of dynamic wheel loads on modular expansion joints. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1995.

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Ramberger, Günter. Structural bearings and expansion joints for bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed006.

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<p>Bridge superstructures have to be designed to permit thermal and live load strains to occur without unintended restraints. Bridge bearings have to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure, allowing all movements in directions defined by the designer. The two functions -transfer the loads and allow movements only in the required directions for a long service time with little maintenance - are not so easy to fulfil. Differ­ent bearings for different purposes and requirements have been developed so, that the bridge designer can choose the most suitable bearing.</p> <p>By the movement of a bridge, gaps are necessary between superstructure and substructure. Expansion joints fill the gaps, allowing traffic loads tobe carried and allowing all expected displacements with low resistance. Ex­pansion joints should provide a smooth transition, avoid noise emission as far as possible and withstand all mechanical actions and chemical attacks (de-icing) for a long time. A simple exchange of all wearing parts and of the entire expansion joint should be possible.</p> <p>The present volume provides a comprehensive survey of arrangement, construction and installation of bearings and expansion joints for bridges including calculation of bearing reactions and movements, analysis and design, inspection and maintenance. A long list of references deals with the subjects but also with aspects in the vicinity of bearings and expansion joints.</p> <p>This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of bridge design, construction, analysis, inspection, maintenance and repair.</p>
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Naik, Rajiv A. Stress analysis method for clearance-fit joints with bearing-bypass loads. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1989.

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5

Alexandrov, Sergey. Upper bound limit load solutions for welded joints with cracks. Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

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6

C, Jenkins Robert, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Experimental analysis of thread movement in bolted connections due to vibrations: Research project NAS8-39131 : final report, August 1994. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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C, Jenkins Robert, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Experimental analysis of thread movement in bolted connections due to vibrations: Research project NAS8-39131 : final report. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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C, Jenkins Robert, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Experimental analysis of thread movement in bolted connections due to vibrations: Final report. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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D, Peterson L., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Identification of nonlinear micron-level mechanics for a precision deployable joint. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Shaik, Jeelani, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. Mode I delamination growth in adhesively bonded joints under static and fatigue loads: Semi-annual report. Tuskegee, AL: School of Engineering and Architecture, Tuskegee University, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Joints loads"

1

Othman, Ramzi. "Analytical Modelling of Dynamic and Impact Loads." In Strength Prediction of Adhesively-Bonded Joints, 71–96. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315370835-4.

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Khodadadberomy, R., M. R. Ashory, and E. Jamshidi. "Identification of bolted joints under repeatable loads." In Structural Dynamics, Volume 3, 1617–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9834-7_146.

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Gavric, Igor, Massimo Fragiacomo, Marjan Popovski, and Ario Ceccotti. "Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels under Cyclic Loads." In Materials and Joints in Timber Structures, 689–702. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7811-5_62.

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Berme, N., G. Heydinger, and A. Cappozzo. "Calculation of Loads Transmitted at the Anatomical Joints." In Biomechanics of Engineering, 89–131. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2808-4_2.

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Bickford, John H., and Michael Oliver. "Theoretical Behavior of the Joint under Tensile Loads." In Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints, 263–96. 5th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429243943-10.

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Makino, Y., and Y. Kurobane. "Tests on CHS KK-joints under anti-symmetrical loads." In Tubular Structures VI, 449–56. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203735015-66.

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Yonemura, H., Y. Makino, Y. Kurobane, and G. J. van der Vegte. "Tests on CHS planar KK-joints under anti-symmetrical loads." In Tubular Structures VII, 189–95. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203735008-29.

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Yonemura, H., Y. Makino, Y. Kurobane, and G. J. van der Vegte. "Tests on CHS planar KK-joints under anti-symmetrical loads." In Tubular Structures VII, 189–95. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203735008-29.

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Sawa, Toshiyuki, Izumi Higuchi, and Jyo Shimura. "Three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress response in adhesive scarf joints subjected to impact tensile loads." In Adhesive Joints: Formation, Characteristics and Testing, 257–72. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070709-15.

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Sawa, Toshiyuki, Masahiro Yoneno, Ken Shimotakahara, and Yoichi Motegi. "Axisymmetric stress analysis and strength of bonded shrink-fitted joints subjected to push-off forces and torsional loads." In Adhesive Joints: Formation, Characteristics and Testing, 273–97. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070709-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Joints loads"

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Brown, Warren. "Improved Analysis of External Loads on Flanged Joints." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97814.

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External loads on bolted flanged joints must be assessed in order to be in compliance with ASME and other international pressure vessel and piping codes. However, in the case of the ASME B31.3 piping code or ASME VIII, Division 1 pressure vessel code, there is not specific guidance on how to assess these loads. This has created a situation where piping designers have employed a variety of methods, ranging from very conservative to possibly non-conservative. A review of historical joint external load experiments is made in this paper, which highlights the relatively low risk of joint leakage due to external loads. In addition, an improved method of assessing the acceptability of external loads for any given joint is introduced and compared to both test results and existing assessment methods. The method presented is based on probability of leakage for standard piping joints using the method outlined in Appendix O of ASME PCC-1 [1]. This allows, in some cases, a much higher acceptable load than typically employed when using traditional methods such as the Equivalent Pressure method. By allowing higher external loads, it is possible to reduce the footprint of a process unit, which saves money, while maintaining safety.
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Fukuoka, Toshimichi, Masataka Nomura, and Takahiro Kamihira. "Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Multi-Bolted Joints Subjected to Shear Loads." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25130.

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When subjected to external forces, bolted joints behave in a complex manner especially in the case of the joints being clamped with multiple bolts. Friction type joints are widely used for the joints subjected to shear loads. Bearing type joints, which support the shear load on the surface of bolt body, are used less frequently, since its mechanical behavior is too complicated to accurately estimate the load capacity. In this study, mechanical behavior of multi-bolted joints subjected to shear loads is comprehensively analyzed by three-dimensional FEM. Load distribution patterns of the bearing type joint are compared to those of the friction type joint. It has been found that the shear load applied to a bearing type joint distributes with a concave shape along the load direction as clamping bolts are increased, and a fair amount of the shear load is also supported by friction. Additionally, a simple method that calculates the shear load distribution is proposed using elementary theory of solid mechanics, which can estimate the shear load distribution with sufficient accuracy for the case of small friction coefficient.
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Li, Weidong, Kunyue Wu, Yu Du, Jian Pang, and Ping Hu. "Fatigue Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Single Lap Joints Under Vibration Loads." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70514.

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Many structural applications of adhesive joints experience vibration loads. The dynamic loads due to vibration motions are therefore one of the primary causes for structural damage, especially when the outside cyclic stir vibration frequency is adjacent to the natural frequencies of the adhesive joint frame. This is so called the vibration fatigue. In this paper, the fatigue behavior of adhesively bonded single lap joint (SLP) subject mainly to normal stresses induced by vibration excitations is investigated. Combining with static tests, the NI PXI-1045 vibration measurement and analysis system are used to analyze the effect of vibration loading on the fundamental modal frequency with long-term fatigue cycle. Furthermore, a virtual fatigue analysis approach for the fatigue damage prediction of adhesive joints subject to vibration loads is performed in this study. It is found that the joint stiffness decreases with the cyclic durations under which the vibration loads are applied. As a result, a stable decrease of the fundamental resonance frequency of the joint structure is observed during the tests. The experimental data demonstrate a significant correlation between the shear strength of adhesive joints and the vibration cycling time. A gradual decrease in the shear strength with increasing load cycles is seen in vibration fatigue, the maximum shear strength of adhesively bonded joints drops about 12% after 1.35e8 cycles. Based on the test data, a new approach called virtual fatigue analysis modeling (VFAM) is proposed for the fatigue damage of the adhesive joints under vibration loads. The VFAM shows that the fatigue damage occurs first at the end of the overlap area of the adhesive layer.
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Matin, Payam H., and Sayed A. Nassar. "Prediction of Clamp Load Loss Under Fully Reversed Cyclic Loads in Bolted Joints." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84039.

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The amount of clamp load loss due to a fully reversed cyclic service load is determined for a bolted assembly in which both the fastener and the joint were initially tightened beyond their respective proportional limits. After the initial tightening of the fastener, the joint is subsequently subjected to a fully reversed cyclic load that acts as a tensile separating force in the first half cycle, and as a compressive force on the joints during the second half cycle of the loading. During the first quarter cycle, the separating force would increase the fastener tensile stress further into the non-linear range. Such separating force would simultaneously reduce the clamping force in the bolted joint. At the end of the following quarter of the cycle, the bolted joint system reaches a new equilibrium point between the fastener tension and the joint clamping force. At the new equilibrium point, the clamp load is reduced from its initial value, due to the plastic elongation of the fastener. In the third quarter of the cycle, the compressive service load would increase the joint compressive stress into the non-linear range. Similarly, the clamp load loss would be increased at the end of the second half cycle, due to the plastic compression in the joint. The total clamp load loss may significantly lead to joint leakage, loosening, or fatigue failure. A non-linear strain hardening model is implemented in order to determine the clamp load loss due to accumulative effect of the permanent set in the fastener and the joint after the service load had been removed. Various rates of strain hardening are used for modeling the behavior of the fastener and joint materials. The effect of three non-dimensional variables on the amount of clamp load loss is investigated. The variables include the joint-to-fastener stiffness ratio, the ratio of the initial fastener tension to its elastic limit, and the ratio of the external force to its maximum tensile value that would cause joint separation to start.
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Sawa, Toshiyuki, and Akira Moriuchi. "Stress Analysis of Combination Joints of Adhesive With Tap Bolt Under External Tensile Loads." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33435.

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The stress distributions in a combination joint of an adhesive with a tap bolt under external tensile loadings are analyzed in elasto-plastic deformation using a finite element method. The FEM code employed is MARC. The effects of the initial clamping force (preload), external loadings and the position of engagement screw thread on the interface stress distributions are analyzed. In addition, the stress distribution in the combination joints of the adhesive with the tap bolt is compared with that in tap bolted joint without an adhesive and the adhesive joints without the tap bolt. As the results, it is found that the stress distribution (compression) in the combination joint is less than that of bolt joints. In addition, the experiments were carried out to measure the strain of the combination joint under external tensile loads using strain gauges. Furthermore, the joint strengths under external loadings were measured. Fairly good agreements are observed between the numerical and the measured results. In addition, the usefulness of the combination joints is demonstrated in comparison with the bolted joints and the adhesive joints.
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Dale, Travis, Yuvraj Singh, Ian Bernander, Ganesh Subbarayan, Carol Handwerker, Peng Su, and Bernard Glasauer. "Fatigue Life of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu Solder Alloys Under Combined Shear and Compressive Loads." In ASME 2019 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2019-6507.

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Abstract Solder joints in electronic assemblies experience damage due to cyclic thermomechanical loading that eventually leads to fatigue fracture and electrical failure. While solder joints in smaller, die-sized area-array packages largely experience shear fatigue due to thermal expansion mismatch between the component and the substrate, larger area-array packages experience a combination of cyclic shear and axial tensile/compressive loads due to flexure of the substrate. Additionally, on larger processor packages, the attachment of heatsinks further exacerbates the imposed axial loads, as does package warpage. With the increase in size of packages due to 2.5D Heterogeneous integration, the above additional axial loads can be significant. Thus, there exists a critical need to understand the impact on fatigue life of solder joints with superposed compressive/tensile loads on the cyclic shear loads. In this paper, we describe a carefully constructed microscale mechanical tester as well as fatigue test results on Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder joints subjected to controlled cyclic shear and constant compressive loads. The tester design allows one to apply cyclic shear loads up to 200 N while maintaining a constant axial load of up to 38 N in tension or compression. The tester is capable of maintaining the compressive load to within a tolerance of +/− 0.5 N during the entirety of fatigue experiment. Carefully constructed samples of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder joints were isothermally fatigued under systematically increased compressive load imposed on the sample subject to repeated loading (R = 0) under lap-shear. In general, the imposition of the superposed compressive load increases the fatigue life of the solder joint compared to application of pure cyclic shear load. At larger compressive loads, friction between fractured surfaces is responsible for significant energy dissipation during the cyclic load-unload cycles.
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Kobayashi, Takashi, Takahito Nishida, and Yuki Yamanaka. "Effect of Creep-Relaxation Characteristics of Gaskets on the Bolt Loads of Gasketed Joints." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1879.

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It is known that the bolt loads of gasketed flanged joints decrease in some degree after the assembly due to the creep-relaxation characteristics of gasket. If the bolt loads are greatly reduced, the emission from flanged joints may increase and serious accidents shall occur if things come to the worst. The effect of the creep-relaxation characteristics on the bolt loads of gasketed flanged joints must be clarified. A gasketed bolted joint, in which two hollow cylinders and a gasket is tightened by a set of nut and bolt, is used to clarify the effects of the creep-relaxation characteristics of gaskets on the reduction of bolt loads in this paper. We tried to clarify the phenomena and necessary modeling and experiments were carried out. It is pointed out that the reduction of bolt load cannot be overlooked when stiffer bolts are used in gasketed joints.
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Koay, Kenny, Brad Bracht, and Vance Browne. "Fatigue Analysis of a Welded Lap Joint Under Bending Load." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32303.

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Welded lap joints subject to cyclic loading are used in industrial vehicles and equipment. Cyclic bending loads can result in fatigue failure of these joints. It is desirable to predict the expected life of the joint as a function of a load-stress parameter. To predict the life of a typical welded structure, additional types of weld joints and loads must also be considered. The lap joint work covered here provides a building block for the structure life prediction. For the work reported here, lap joints were formed by an industrial manufacturing wire feed weld process by certified welders. Strain gages were applied to one of the joint members. A fixture was designed and built to apply a pure bending load to the welded members at the joints, and this was installed in a fatigue test machine. A number of fully reversed tests were run to failure at various loads and some were run to effective infinite life. A resulting set of stress life curves was generated based on mean life and mean life less one and two standard deviations as a function of the “hot spot” stress. This hot spot is the region near the weld toe where the stress distribution starts to deviate from linearity due to the geometric stress riser of the weld fillet and joint geometry. Measurements show that this stress can be approximated by the calculated beam bending stress for the specimens and loads used in the tests. The results of this work provide guidelines for design of welded lap joints for a desired cycle life and for predicting the expected cycle life of an existing joint including uncertainties in life due to weld and test variables. The stress needed to predict the life of a joint is obtained by strain measurements on the actual structure. For design, the stress may be approximated by calculated stresses.
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Liao, Lijuan, and Toshiyuki Sawa. "Axisymmetric Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Bonded Shrink Fitted Joints Under Torsional Loads." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37214.

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Shrink fitting combining with anaerobic adhesives (bonded shrink fitted joints) has been widely used for joining cylindrical components in a lot of mechanical structures. This paper deals with mechanical properties (stress analysis and strength estimation) of the bonded shrink fitted joint in which a ring is fitted at the middle part of a shaft subjected to torsion. The stress distributions in the adhesive layer of bonded shrink fitted joint are analyzed using an axisymmetric theory of elasticity when an external torsion is applied to the upper end of the shaft. The effects of the stiffness, the outside diameter and the height of the ring on the interface stress distributions are clarified in the numerical calculations. The maximum shear stress, which shows singular stress property, initiates near the inside upper edge of the adhesive layer interface, where the rupture occurs in the joint under external torsional loads. In addition, the estimation method of joint strength is applied using the interface stress distributions and the modified singularity stresses expressions obtained from the analogous tests. It is found that the joint strength increases as the stiffness, the outside diameter and the height of the ring increase. Furthermore, experiments to measure the joint strength were carried out. Three-dimensional finite element (FEM) method is also adopted to verify the theoretical results. In addition, the strength of the bonded shrink fitted joint is compared with that of shrink fitted joint based on the experimental results, which is found that the strength of the bonded shrink fitted joints is greater than that of shrink fitted joints. The numerical results are in a fair good agreement with the experimental results and FEM results.
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Kobayashi, Takashi, and Kota Hamano. "The Reduction of Bolt Load in Bolted Flange Joints Due to Gasket Creep-Relaxation Characteristics." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2627.

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It is known that the bolt loads of gasketed flanged joints decrease in some degree after the assembly due to the creep-relaxation characteristics of gasket. If the bolt loads are greatly reduced, the emission from flanged joints may increase and serious accidents shall occur if things come to the worst. The effect of the creep-relaxation characteristics on the bolt loads of gasketed flanged joints must be clarified. A gasketed bolted joint, in which two hollow cylinders and a gasket is tightened by a set of nut and bolt, is used to clarify the effects of the creep-relaxation characteristics of gaskets on the reduction of bolt loads in this paper. We tried to clarify the phenomena and necessary modeling and experiments were carried out. It is pointed out that the reduction of bolt load cannot be overlooked when stiffer bolts are used in gasketed joints.
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Reports on the topic "Joints loads"

1

Lippert, David, Marshall Thompson, and Charles Wienrank. Performance of Interstate Rubblization in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-005.

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In Illinois, hot-mix asphalt overlaid concrete pavements typically exhibit reflective cracking of joints and cracks from the pavement below, resulting in shortened life and maintenance issues. Over the years, various patching, fabric, and crack and seat techniques were attempted with few positive results. This led to more aggressive techniques to eliminate the slab action of the concrete pavement where the pavement would be broken or rubblized into pieces typically less than 12 inches. Since the first rubblizing project in 1990, policy, procedures, and specifications have evolved to the point that rubblization is the mainstream option in dealing with problematic concrete pavements. This report summarizes the performance of several interstate rubblizing projects in Illinois by analyzing available data in Illinois Department of Transportation’s pavement management system. Condition rating survey data allowed the serviceability of these projects to be evaluated by surface mix types and asphalt performance grades. Traffic in the form of 18,000 lb equivalent single axle loads was determined for the projects to evaluate fatigue and rutting as well as compare section performance to the design procedure. The research team reviewed plans, design procedures, and specifications to determine best practices and identify where improvements might be made. Data showed that the use of stone matrix asphalt surface mixtures and mixes using PGXX-28 asphalt binders provides improved performance. Overall, rubblizing has shown good to excellent performance. To provide additional life with improved performance, recommendations include adopting softer asphalt grades, increasing the use of stone matrix asphalt, and improving procedures for protecting culverts.
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2

Park, Gyung-Jin. Nonlinear Response Optimization Using Equivalent Loads for a Joined-Wing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474610.

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Moshier, Monty A. Ram Load Simulation of Wing Skin-Spar Joints: New Rate-dependent Cohesive Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448143.

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Chan, Wanyu R., and Michael D. Sohn. Computing Toxic Load for Shelter-in-Place Analysis Using Joint Urban 2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1196773.

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Kerber, Steve, Daniel Madrzykowski, James Dalton, and Robert Backstrom. Improving Fire Safety by Understanding the Fire Performance of Engineered Floor Systems and Providing the Fire Service with Information for Tactical Decision Making. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/zcoq6988.

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This research project was a collaboration of several research organizations, product manufacturers and fire service representatives to examine hazards associated with residential flooring systems to improve firefighter safety. Funding for this project was provided through the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Grant Program. The main objective of this study was to improve firefighter safety by increasing the level of knowledge on the response of residential flooring systems to fire. Several types (or series) of experiments were conducted and analyzed to expand the body of knowledge on the impact of fire on residential flooring systems. The results of the study have been prepared to provide tactical considerations for the fire service to enable improved decision making on the fire scene. Experiments were conducted to examine several types of floor joists including, dimensional lumber, engineered I-joists, metal plate connected wood trusses, steel C-joists, castellated I-joists and hybrid trusses. Experiments were performed at multiple scales to examine single floor system joists in a laboratory up through a full floor system in an acquired structure. Applied load, ventilation, fuel load, span and protection methods were altered to provide important information about the impact of these variables to structural stability and firefighter safety. There are several tactical considerations that result from this research that firefighters can use immediately to improve their understanding, safety and decision making when sizing up a fire in a one or two family home. This report summarizes the results from each of the experimental series and provides discussion and conclusions of the results.
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Perez, Felipe de Jesus. Lateral Load Behavior and Design of Unbonded Post-tensioned Precast Concrete Walls with Ductile Vertical Joint Connectors. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.seis-018.

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Day, Deanne N., Allison M. Meiszberg, Locke A. Karriker, JoAnn M. Kinyon, Timothy S. Frana, and Joshua S. Ellingson. Effect of Joint Sampling Technique on Bacterial Load in Synovial Fluid Samples of Swine in a Commercial Setting. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-898.

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Demchyna, Bohdan, and Yaroslav Shydlovskyi. Recommendations for Designing Wooden Arches on Metal-toothed Plates. Intellectual Archive, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_03_18.

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This paper presents the findings of the pilot studies and recommendations for designing of two-hinged wooden arches. The prototype models of wooden arches with the span of 6mand the rise of 1m were designed. The models had a rectangular cross-section of 180x40mm and a T-section of 180x40mm with a plywood plate with the thickness of 6 mm and the width of 500mm. The main objective of the T-section was to ensure the stability of the arch. Each arch was composed of six segments –boards joined by clamping plates. The bowstring truss including two inclined tie bars enables carrying asymmetric loads and provides in-plane stability of the arch. A methodology for laboratory testing of the prototype models of wooden arches subjected to different types of loads was developed. Two prototypes of wooden arches were tested with rectangular cross-sections and two T-section ones subjected to the loading across the span, and two prototypes subjected to the half-span loading. In total, eight arches were tested. Deflections of arches, cross-section deformations and arch thrust force were recorded. The arches were tested until failure. The results of testing revealed insufficient stability of the arches with rectangular cross-section in the horizontal plane. For the arches with T-section the whole arch rib was damaged, the in-plane stability was ensured by the T-section. The collapsing force of the T-section arch was about 1.3 times greater than the collapsing force of the rectangular section arches.
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Tamale, Nona. Adding Fuel to Fire: How IMF demands for austerity will drive up inequality worldwide. Oxfam, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7864.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a huge blow to every country, and many governments have struggled to meet their populations’ urgent needs during the crisis. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has stepped in to offer extra support to a large number of countries during the pandemic. However, Oxfam’s analysis shows that as of 15 March 2021, 85% of the 107 COVID-19 loans negotiated between the IMF and 85 governments indicate plans to undertake austerity once the health crisis abates. The findings in this briefing paper show that the IMF is systematically encouraging countries to adopt austerity measures once the pandemic subsides, risking a severe spike in already increased inequality levels. A variety of studies have revealed the uneven distribution of the burden of austerity, which is more likely to be shouldered by women, low-income households and vulnerable groups, while the wealth of the richest people increases. Oxfam joins global institutions and civil society in urging governments worldwide and the IMF to focus their energies instead on a people-centred, just and equal recovery that will fight inequality and not fuel it. Austerity will not ‘build back better’.
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TRUSS TYPE STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE JOINTS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.165.

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Abstract:
"This paper presents an experimental study on the structural behavior of two truss type steel reinforced concrete (SRC) joints. The objective is to characterize the mechanical behavior of SRC joints subjected to static loading. The specimens were scaled from a concrete core tube connected to a mega steel truss. Mechanical behavior of the joint zone is extremely complicated due to the complex geometry and interactive forces among the connected members. Monotonic loading tests were carried out through a self-balanced loading system. Sparse cracks were observed under design loads. Spalling concrete cover was observed for joint B1. Whereas, only a few cracks were observed in the joint D1 after testing. Based on the measured equivalent strains, the interaction zone of steel sections works elastically under 1.5 times of the design loads. This indicates that the joints have sufficient strength to meet the design requirements. The experimental results presented in this paper provides a better understanding of current truss type composite joints and offers ideas for further research based on the authors' findings."
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