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1
Kato, Takeshi. "WE economy: Potential of mutual aid distribution based on moral responsibility and risk vulnerability." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): e0301928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301928.
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Reducing wealth inequality is a global challenge that requires the transformation of the economic systems that produce inequality. The economic system comprises: (1) gifts and reciprocity, (2) power and redistribution, (3) market exchange, and (4) mutual aid without reciprocal obligations. Current inequality stems from a capitalist economy consisting of (2) and (3). To sublimate (1), the human economy, to (4), the concept of a “mixbiotic society” has been proposed in the philosophical realm. In this society, free and diverse individuals mix, recognize their respective “fundamental incapability,” and sublimate them into “WE” solidarity. Moreover, the economy must have a moral responsibility as a co-adventurer and consider its vulnerability to risk. This study focuses on two factors of mind perception—moral responsibility and risk vulnerability—and proposes a novel wealth distribution model between the two agents following an econophysical approach, whereas the conventional model dealt with redistribution through taxes and institutions. Three models are developed: a joint-venture model in which profit/losses are distributed based on their factors, a redistribution model in which wealth stocks are redistributed periodically based on their factors in the joint-venture model, and a “WE economy” model in which profit/losses are distributed based on the ratio of each other’s factors. A simulation comparison reveals that WE economies are effective in reducing inequality, resilient in normalizing wealth distribution as advantages, and susceptible to free riders as disadvantages. However, this disadvantage can be compensated for by fostering fellowship and using joint ventures. This study presents the effectiveness of moral responsibility and risk vulnerability, complementarity between the WE economy and joint economy, and the direction of the economy in reducing inequality. Future challenges include developing an advanced model based on real economic analysis and economic psychology and promoting its fieldwork for worker coops and platform cooperatives to realize a desirable mixbiotic society.
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Avdasheva, S. B., and G. F. Yusupova. "Economic analysis of the firm’s boundaries and the limits of competition: The case of Nord Stream 2 AG." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-10-134-151.
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Using publicly available information, the article examines the economic concepts, which underlie the arguments of the decision of Polish competition authority UOKiK in relation to the participants of the Nord Stream 2. It explains the interrelation between economic and legal concepts, which are to be applied to interpret the competitive impact of joint venture and probable theory of harm for infrastructure investments under competition law of European Union, including in comparison with Russian competition law. It has been demonstrated that the resolution of a consortium case should be based on the proof of two statements. The first statement implies that the joint venture is a firm (and therefore the creation of a joint venture is a deal leading to economic concentration). The second statement means that despite Gazprom adopted the commitments about decision of the European Commission and trends in the development of the European gas market, the possibility of price discrimination is retained. Discussion and contestation of the decision against PJSC Gazprom testify in favor of maintaining the relevance of institutional studies and studies of industry markets for resolving legal disputes arising from the application of competition law.
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Duma, Oleh. "Mechanisms of venture investing in startups." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2022, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2022.02.169.
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The article presents the research results of the mechanisms of startups venture capital investment. The role and significance of venture capital investment in the startup ecosystem and the innovation ecosystem in general are considered. The economic essence of the concept of venture investing is presented. In the process of research, the peculiarities of venture capital investment for startups were analyzed and a comparative characteristic of venture capital investment and classical investment was given. Mechanisms of financing and support of innovative startups at different stages of the life cycle are analyzed. The main and auxiliary success factors of startups by stages of the life cycle are described. The research examines models of venture capital investment in innovative enterprises. In particular, the following options were considered: the model of capital transfer (partial participation), the model of joint investment and the fund of funds model. For each model, the implementation mechanisms of investing in startups are described and described schematically. Key stakeholders and all stages of the investment process are listed. The models of joint investment in startups are described, in particular the model of a public-private venture capital fund and the model of joint investment in a private venture capital fund. The three selected models have many common elements, but differ from each other in terms of their dependence on specific contractual mechanisms, financing and access tools, and in some cases, exit mechanisms from the investment process. They also differ in terms of overall complexity, with the “fund of funds” model being more complex than the other two models. When considering specific models of the organization of venture funds, the work used the practices and experience of a number of jurisdictions, including Australia, Israel, Tunisia and Great Britain. Recipients in the implementation of any of the considered investment models should be startups, academic spin-offs, technological enterprises at an early stage of development, innovative enterprises that carry out technology transfer. Projects may involve the development of new products or technologies or the expansion of existing operations to commercial scale.
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Mujahidin, Mujahidin. "The Concept of Profit Sharing in The Industrial Field in Islamic Economic." Al-Kharaj: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v3i1.3791.
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Profit sharing schemes are very limited compared to fixed income schemes, murabaha and ijarah  contracts are far more widely used by Islamic financial institutions than profit sharing schemes. the purpose of this research is to know the concept of profit sharing in the industrial field in islamic economy. This research method uses systematic literature review Literature review aims to make an analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge related to the topic to be researched to find empty space for research to be carried out. The results of this study found that Sharia Banking stipulates that mudharabah  is what is meant by "Akad mudharabah " in Financing is a joint venture agreement between the first party (malik, shahibul mal, or Sharia Bank) which provides all the capital and the second party („factor, mudharib, or the Customer) who acts as fund manager by sharing business profits in accordance with the agreement set forth in the Akad, while the loss is fully borne by the Islamic Bank unless the second party makes a deliberate mistake, is negligent or violates the agreement. based on careful calculations between the three schemes, viz revenue sharing, gross profit sharing and net Profit sharing, hence the schematic profit sharing is the most profitable for tile entrepreneurs in developing their production business.
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Mohd Jaffar, Maheran. "New Musharakah Model in Managing Islamic Investment." ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2010): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v2i2.109.
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A musharakah contract is a joint venture between two or more parties and the profit is shared according to the agreed profit-sharing ratio. The new musharakah model internalises this concept and takes into account the investment of two parties, the rate of profit, as well as two profit-sharing rates. At present, this model is the only model that uses two profit-sharing rates to ensure justice in a joint venture investment. This can create opportunities to generate other Islamic investment or banking products that will attract more foreign investors who are keen on mush rakah products. Apart from this, this can initiate other researches and collaborations in Islamic banking/financing and investment, thus enhancing the Islamic investment status. The system of the musharakah model can definitely be commercialised.
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Zadorozhnyi, Zenovii, Valentyna Orlova, and Sofiia Kafka. "Cost and managerial accounting of joint activities related to the use of fixed assets." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(88) (June 5, 2018): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.02.084.
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The research paper reveals the essence of the concepts of joint activity, joint operation, and joint venture. A set of key features for classification of joint activities is identified and their impact on accounting of joint activities is assessed. The article also reviews the essential elements of accounting of joint activities in the light of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and characterizes the process of recording accounting entries related to basic operations, which depend on organizational forms of joint activities (a joint venture or a joint operation, with or without a separate entity). The paper provides a detailed description of three options for accounting of joint activities classified as joint operations, namely: joint operations without a separate entity; joint operations with a separate entity but without legal personality; a legal unit. Besides, a number of particular characteristics of measuring financial results from selling and purchasing assets within joint operations are identified. It is pointed out that one of the ways of effective use of fixed assets is promoting the implementation of managerial ac- counting of joint activities and internal reporting procedures of the results achieved. It is suggested that domestic enterprises of oil and gas industry should expand the practice of joint activities in order to effectively use fixed assets for oil and gas extraction and transportation. Before conducting joint activities, it is recommended that oil and gas industry enterprises compile initial calculations of their profitability at the level of managerial accounting. In the study, the following general and specific scientific methods of obtaining knowledge on economic phenomena are used: generalization, grouping and comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, etc.
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Sunaryo, Busori, Bambang Eko, and Reta Yudistyana. "Coastal Community Empowerment through Joint Venture (Study of PT Badak NGL)." Economics Development Analysis Journal 8, no. 2 (September 8, 2019): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v8i2.33935.
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The government is currently trying to realize Sustainable Development Goals/ SGDs. SGDs are not merely dreams that cannot be realized. The noble goal of SDG is to realize sustainable development for the better future that is in line with the concepts of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). One of the companies that participated in the realization of SDGS is PT Badak NGL. This study used descriptive analysis to provide clear descriptions or overviews of the object of the study. The study also used a case study of a MSME under the guidance of PT Badak NGL, namely Saputra Snack. Thus, the common goals between CSR, and SDGs is the spirit to realize sustainable development in terms of business strategies by implementing CSR programs. If all elements are committed to realize 17 SDG, so we can provide better future for our children - with low poverty, environment and earth sustainability, low levels of inequality in the economic, social and legal education sectors. Based on the observation and analysis, one of the keys of success to Saputra Snack was its high commitment. The high commitment did not only come from Saputra Snack itself, but also from PT Badak NGL Community Development party.
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Pehrsson, Anders. "Business relatedness in international diversification." European Business Review 31, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2018-0069.
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Purpose Business relatedness is important in international diversification because it enables a firm’s transfer of resources to business units operating in foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model based on a review of the major contributions of studies regarding the relatedness of subsidiaries, joint ventures or any other foreign unit. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines theory bases, the relatedness construct, data issues and the key achievements of previous studies. Drawing on organizational learning, transaction costs economics and industrial organization, a conceptual model and propositions are developed that intend to close important research gaps. Findings The model includes competitive strategy as a mediator of the effects of relatedness on foreign unit performance, type of foreign unit – that is, a wholly owned unit or joint venture – as a moderator; and competition barriers as a moderator. Research limitations/implications In future research, the propositions need to be transformed into testable hypotheses. It is recommended to treat relatedness as a multidimensional concept. Practical implications A firm is primarily advised to evaluate how its relatedness with foreign units enables knowledge transfer. A foreign cost leadership strategy benefits from product relatedness, while a differentiation strategy calls for resource relatedness. Originality/value The proposed model is unique as it includes an actionable component that mediates the effects of relatedness on international performance, i.e. competitive strategy, and concerns both wholly owned foreign units and international joint ventures.
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Dmytrenko, Alla. "Information space of controlling information in the context of joint activities: economic security aspect." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 3(90) (September 15, 2023): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2023.3(90).3037.
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The article examines the concept and outlines the components of the "information space of controlling information" category. Given the study of the information space of a joint venture as a system representing a single whole with a set of interconnected and interacting components - information objects, but on a smaller scale within the external and internal environment, the author develops a mechanism for the formation of information security with the allocation of information flows by directions (entry into the system, processing in the system, exit from the system), which allows to schematically depict the impact of information from the external information space on the joint venture's activities, information processing processes in the management system, management decision-making based on the processed information, as well as the output of high-quality and reliable information to meet the information needs of external users. When organising information security, it should be borne in mind that the vast majority of threats are generated by its employees, regardless of whether it is information in the form of employee knowledge or information contained in documents. The paper focuses on office threats to information of business entities, namely, threats to information contained in documents and information possessed and used by office workers in the course of their work. Since the set of actions of the personnel of a certain entity, aimed at ensuring the management of its activities, is appropriately organised in space and time, work with information of an enterprise, and work in the management link, determines the particular importance of such activities. A large amount of financial information can lead to the inability to process all the information, reduce the likelihood of assessing the most appropriate and reliable information, and make erroneous management decisions. The emergence and intensification of threats in the information environment significantly increases the importance and role of information security for the national security of Ukraine. As a result of the research of the selected topic, reasonable conclusions have been drawn which make it possible to define the concept of "financial controlling information" as a set of diverse data produced by individual structural units of business entities, public authorities, other institutions and organisations and used in the process of preparing reports for managers of various levels in order to make the right management decisions.
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Salsabila, Alfian Nur. "A REVIEW OF 10% INTEREST PARTICIPATION MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE PANCASILA ECONOMIC SYSTEM." JURNAL SETIA PANCASILA 3, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36379/jsp.v3i2.345.
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This study aimed to identify the ideal arrangement and concept for the management of 10% interest participation in the oil and gas sector. Writing is done by reviewing library data, in the form of laws and regulations, books, articles, journals, and others. The results of the study show that arrangements regarding the management of the 10% interest participation are currently not implemented optimally and comprehensively, so by reconceptualizing the management of interest participation in a way that ismore integrative and in line with the Pancasila economic system, it will have positive implications for areas where exploration and exploitation activities have been carried out. This new concept of interest participationmanagement will be more equitable for oil and gas producing regions and prioritize joint ventures based on the principle of kinship for the prosperity of the people.
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Bogatyrov, O., О. Baula, О. Liutak, and N. Galaziuk. "CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR INCREASING THE INNOVATIVE COMPONENT OF UKRAINE’S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, no. 36 (February 17, 2021): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.227988.
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The article describes the dynamics of Ukraine’s position in the Global Innovation Index for 2015—2019. It is revealed that the domestic economy has a high educational and scientific potential, is able to produce various innovations in the form of ideas, scientific developments, patents; the bottlenecks of Ukraine in the state of innovative development are the state of cluster development, the share of foreign direct investment in GDP, the online service of the government, the use of information and communication technologies, the availability of joint agreements on strategic alliances, the state of domestic lending to the private sector, the export of goods of the creative economy, the volume of microfinance loans, the presence of firms offering formal training, the state of cooperation between universities and production, agreements with venture capital. It is proved that the problem of improving the financial mechanism for ensuring innovation processes in the economic system of Ukraine requires a priority solution. Developments on increasing the innovative component of increasing Ukraine’s international competitiveness are impossible without adequate financial support. The article examines the foreign experience of state support for innovation activities. It is revealed that in developed countries — the world’s leading innovation leaders, public policy provides for direct funding of scientific research and through tax measures encourages private sector R&D spending. The concept of financial support for increasing the innovative component of Ukraine’s international competitiveness, which should be implemented at the strategic, tactical and operational levels, is proposed. To ensure a sustainable level of international competitiveness of the country through increasing the innovation component, it is important to implement a system of measures to monitor threats even at the stage of their origin and prevent the spread of their negative impact. Therefore, the methods and tools for implementing the proposed concept contain components of threat prevention: economic (tax incentives; transfers ;direct budget investments; grants; concessional lending; cooperation with foreign institutions, etc.), organizational (development of innovative infrastructure; consulting assistance; personnel support; creation of clusters using the potential of education, business, government, public; creation of regional clusters with innovation and industry production, etc.), institutional (techno parks, business incubators, analytical centres, etc.), regulatory (strategies, concepts, plans, programs) and social levers (conducting business trainings, implementing joint social projects, etc.).
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Yuldashbekov, Avazbek, and Dildora Kadyrova. "THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS." Review of Law Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2023.7.2./ybiv5039.
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Protection of the rights of foreign investments and investors, improvement of legal documents for their registration, and determination of prospects in a market economy are one of the urgent tasks of our time. The reforms consistently carried out by our state in the social and economic spheres are yielding positive results. Today, when foreign enterprises and joint ventures with foreign investments operate in our republic, we can observe that, first of all, laws have been adopted that protect their rights and interests, and due to this, investment transparency has been ensured. Despite the ongoing reforms, the analysis shows that foreign investors do not have full rights to carry out their activities, the mechanism for their implementation is not sufficiently developed, and the presence of certain obstacles, including conflicting norms in the legislation, indicates the need to explore this area. This article analyzes the interpretation of the concept of “foreign investment” in our national legislation and the attitude of scientists toward this concept.
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Brandão, Clarissa, and Aline Teodoro de Moura. "GUN JUMPING IN BRAZILIAN ANTITRUST LAW: A CASE STUDY IN THE OIL INDUSTRY." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2018): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v2i2.34389.
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This article presents some of the main changes introduced in the Brazilian antitrust system with the publication of Law no. 12.529, 2011, which introduced important changes in the control of acts of economic concentration - mergers, acquisitions, formation of joint ventures – which now began to be performed by the competent authority prior to the act of concentration, avoiding the consummation of transactions without the consent of CADE and analyzes the concept of Gun Jumping. The legislative change imposes a challenge for the Brazilian antitrust system: to define the boundaries between a lawful process of economic concentration and a Gun Jumping practice. In particular, a study was conducted on these impacts on the national oil industry in order to evaluate the performance of CADE in the implementation of the legislation.
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Brandão, Clarissa, and Aline Teodoro de Moura. "GUN JUMPING IN BRAZILIAN ANTITRUST LAW: A CASE STUDY IN THE OIL INDUSTRY." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2018): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v2i2.p193-212.
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This article presents some of the main changes introduced in the Brazilian antitrust system with the publication of Law no. 12.529, 2011, which introduced important changes in the control of acts of economic concentration - mergers, acquisitions, formation of joint ventures – which now began to be performed by the competent authority prior to the act of concentration, avoiding the consummation of transactions without the consent of CADE and analyzes the concept of Gun Jumping. The legislative change imposes a challenge for the Brazilian antitrust system: to define the boundaries between a lawful process of economic concentration and a Gun Jumping practice. In particular, a study was conducted on these impacts on the national oil industry in order to evaluate the performance of CADE in the implementation of the legislation.
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Brandão, Clarissa, and Aline Teodoro de Moura. "GUN JUMPING IN BRAZILIAN ANTITRUST LAW: A CASE STUDY IN THE OIL INDUSTRY." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 2, no. 2 (October 8, 2014): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y2.n2.p193-212.
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This article presents some of the main changes introduced in the Brazilian antitrust system with the publication of Law no. 12.529, 2011, which introduced important changes in the control of acts of economic concentration - mergers, acquisitions, formation of joint ventures – which now began to be performed by the competent authority prior to the act of concentration, avoiding the consummation of transactions without the consent of CADE and analyzes the concept of Gun Jumping. The legislative change imposes a challenge for the Brazilian antitrust system: to define the boundaries between a lawful process of economic concentration and a Gun Jumping practice. In particular, a study was conducted on these impacts on the national oil industry in order to evaluate the performance of CADE in the implementation of the legislation.
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Brandão, Clarissa, and Aline Teodoro de Moura. "GUN JUMPING IN BRAZILIAN ANTITRUST LAW: A CASE STUDY IN THE OIL INDUSTRY." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2018): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y2n2.p193-212.
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This article presents some of the main changes introduced in the Brazilian antitrust system with the publication of Law no. 12.529, 2011, which introduced important changes in the control of acts of economic concentration - mergers, acquisitions, formation of joint ventures – which now began to be performed by the competent authority prior to the act of concentration, avoiding the consummation of transactions without the consent of CADE and analyzes the concept of Gun Jumping. The legislative change imposes a challenge for the Brazilian antitrust system: to define the boundaries between a lawful process of economic concentration and a Gun Jumping practice. In particular, a study was conducted on these impacts on the national oil industry in order to evaluate the performance of CADE in the implementation of the legislation.
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Dudnyk, O. "Mechanism of strategic management of development of integration interaction of enterprises." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 2020/4 (October 30, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2020-4-1.
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Introduction. The impact of globalization processes of the world economy motivates the revision of traditional ap-proaches to strategic management of enterprises in today's dynamic environment, including the establishment of integra-tion. This approach allows you to establish horizontal and vertical economic links between different network participants and get a synergistic effect for each of them. The purpose of the research is to improve the scientific approach to understanding the functional sphere of influ-ence of the mechanism of strategic management of the development of integration interaction of enterprises and to identify strategies of the appropriate level detailing their features and target results. Results. The nature of the concept of "mechanism" is studied and the role of the mechanism of strategic management of the development of integration interaction of enterprises is established, which reflects the system of interconnected ele-ments-components of economic mechanisms of separate subjects of business processes. The need for joint activities of enter-prises on the example of agricultural market participants has been proved: cooperation and integration contribute to the creation of a number of advantages for members of such associations, including the formation of product prices. Features of network organizational structure of management and vertical integration are considered. Variants of strategic decisions are systematized with their target result of application and peculiarities of proceedings. Conclusions. Any company has two basic options for development strategy: internal development and external growth. The specificity of the latter strategies is formed by the fact that small enterprises operate in limited market niches, which narrows the range of possible strategic decisions. The set of possible strategies includes direct, reverse, horizontal integration, market capture or development, product development, concentric, conglomerate, horizontal diversification, joint venture, reduction, rejection, liquidation and combination. The introduction of a mechanism for strategic management of the development of integration interaction of enterprises will help increase competitiveness, reduce production and transaction costs, expand market position, maximize profits and more. Keywords: integration, integration process, integration interaction, enterprise development, strategic management, strategy, management, network structures, mechanism.
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Ozira, Vitaly J. "Crisis of corporate social responsibility and its status in Russia." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 9 (December 1, 2009): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i9.667.
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This paper picked a topic - the global financial crisis- to highlight several related problems. The current crisis was not caused by failed economic policies. The root cause is failed leadership. People sometimes forget that business ethics at its core is about excellence and high attainment rather than misdeeds and malfeasance.<br />In recent years, however, more attention has been paid to the positive side of ethics. More managers in Russia are waking up to the ways in which positive values contribute to a company's effective day-to-day functioning, as well as its reputation and long-term sustainability.<br />Contrary to Western Europe and Scandinavia, Corporate Social Responsibility is a relatively new concept in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. Cultural gaps between Westerners and Locals have gradually been narrowing and becoming less divisive. Improved knowledge by foreign investors on how to operate successfully in a post-communist region, on "how to bridge the gap", greatly decreases the risk of the East-West joint venture.<br />The views expressed in the paper are the author's own responsibility and should not be interpreted as presenting the official position paper on Corporate Governance.<br /><br />En este trabajo se enfoca la crisis financiera global con el fin de destacar los problemas más importantes relacionados con ésta. La presente crisis no fue provocada por causas meramente económicas. La causa fundamental radica en el liderazgo. A veces, la gente olvida que la ética de las relaciones juega un papel importante a la hora de llevar a cabo un negocio. Últimamente, no obstante, se presta más atención al aspecto positivo de la ética profesional. Un número creciente de gestores rusos emprenden el camino en el que los valores positivos conducen a un eficaz funcionamiento diario así como su prestigio y sostenibilidad a largo plazo. A diferencia de la concepción de la Europa occidental y escandinava de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, en la Europa Central, del Este y en Rusia, es un concepto relativamente nuevo. Sin embargo, las divergencias culturales que constituían un obstáculo serio entre los inversores occidentales y locales en los últimos años se han reducido. Los inversores extranjeros van mejorando su conocimiento de como actuar con éxito en una región postcomunista. Los puentes que se han tendido entre el Este y el Oeste han reducido los riesgos de joint ventures.<br />Las opiniones expresadas en el articulo son responsabilidad del autor y no deben interpretarse como la postura oficial rusa sobre la Gobernanza Corporativa.<br />
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Lazarevic, Zarko. "Foreign Investments and Socialist Enterprise in Slovenia (Yugoslavia): The Case of the Kolektor Company." Hungarian Historical Review 10, no. 3 (2021): 556–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2021.3.556.
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In this article, I examine foreign investment in the socialist enterprise in the former Yugoslavia based on the case study of Kolektor in the context of the liberalized communist social and economic order. Foreign investments were allowed in the form of joint ventures. I present these investments from the viewpoint of economic reforms, the concept of socialist enterprise, and the concept of economic development, which enabled foreign investments and shaped regulation and the structure of foreign investments in Yugoslavia. The history of the case of Kolektor began at a time when Slovenia still belonged to the former Yugoslavia, which was arguably a liberalized type of communist economic system. This was during the Cold War, when both Europe and the rest of the world were divided essentially along the lines of the communist east and the capitalist west. The Kolektor Company was established in 1963 as a state socialist enterprise for the manufacture of the rotary electrical switches known as commutators. From the outset, the company tried to establish international cooperation to acquire modern technology. In 1968, it reached an agreement with the West German Company Kautt & Bux, which at the time was the technological and market leader in the production of commutators. Kautt & Bux invested in Kolektor and became an owner of 49 percent of the company. The investment proved very profitable for both partners. The Slovenian side got access to modern technology and expertise, and the German side got additional production facilities, skilled workers, and low-cost production, which increased its competitiveness on international markets.
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Wu, Yenchun Jim, Tienhua Wu, and Jeremiah Sharpe. "Consensus on the definition of social entrepreneurship: a content analysis approach." Management Decision 58, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 2593–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2016-0791.
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PurposeThis study aims to reach academic consensus on key factors and boundaries used in defining the concepts of “social entrepreneurship” (SEsh), “social entrepreneur” (SE), and “social enterprise” (SEV). This study also explores the complex relationships among social/business enterprises, definitional categories and factors, missions, and impacts on effectiveness of practices and organizing for venture success.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis is conducted on articles published from 1998 to 2016 in peer-reviewed academic journals in the fields of management and organization. Furthermore, 80 articles are obtained and analyzed in terms of factors and frequently used terms for unified definitions and their intertwined linkages.FindingsThe unifying factors for the definitions of SEsh, SE, and SEV include primary mission and processes and resources. Strong linkages are observed between SEsh and actors, SE and characteristics, and SEV and organizational form. Results indicate that definitional categories and factors share numerous joint terms that can be used to propose unified definitions. This study identifies the effective interactions of variables among social mission, capabilities to manage resources and processes, entrepreneurial characteristics of actors, and forms of ventures in a process that provides potential for organizational sustainability and impact maximization.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to research by identifying clear and agreed-upon factors and traits as boundaries to propose definitions that can advance the legitimacy of social entrepreneurship as an academic field worthy of future exploration.Practical implicationsThe findings emphasize social mission that achieves public benefits while preventing mission drift. Economic value and choice of organizational form can advance the fulfillment of objectives and governance practices. This study also presents the key influencing factors at various stages of an entrepreneurial process to determine how these concepts interact to increase the likelihood of organizational emergence and survival.Originality/valueThis work is the first to systematically review management and organizational literature on the key factors and terms that constitute the distinct definitions of SEsh, SE, and SEV and help clarify their complex relations in an entrepreneurial process.
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Kapustina, L. M., N. B. Izakova, and E. I. Korovina. "STRATEGIES FOR TRANSFORMING BUSINESS MODELS OF MANUFACTURERS OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT IN COMPETITION WITH FOREIGN COMPANIES." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 58, no. 1 (2023): 164–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0105-6-58-1-8.
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The article examines the competition between Russian and foreign manufacturers of road construction equipment in Russia. The subject of the research is strategies for the transformation of business models of manufacturing enterprises in developing countries and emerging markets under the influence of multinational corporations. The methodological basis of the research includes theoretical provisions of strategic management, concepts of business models and economics of industry markets. The paper defines business model transformation strategies based on the application of the co-evolutionary concept of innovation in the business models of companies in developing countries by O. Michalache and H. Volberd, 166methods of economic statistics and one-factor analysis of variance. The authors put forward and test the hypothesis that international cooperation with foreign companies increases the competitiveness of Russian manufacturers of road construction equipment. Calculationsin the SPSS program show that companies outside international cooperation have low market share indicators. Average competitive positions in the road construction equipment market are typical for companies importing parts and components from leading foreign manufacturers. Companies that have established joint ventures with foreign partners or acquired licenses for the production of road construction equipment from foreign manufacturers have achieved the best indicators of competitiveness in the Russian market. The most successful Russian companieshave chosen a strategy for adapting the business models of foreign enterprises. This research is of practical importance for the formation of a business model and competitive strategy of Russian companies in conditions of sanctions isolation from the technologies of developed countries and the growth of imports from developing countries.
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Han, Yong, and Nada K. Kakabadse. "Job satisfaction: what is its true meaning in Greater China?" Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 1, no. 2 (September 25, 2009): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17574320910989104.
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PurposePreviously, researchers have performed studies on job satisfaction and organizational behavior outcomes in Western contexts. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether economic prosperity or cultural perspective may explain why job satisfaction may not be an effective predictor of organizational outcomes in Greater China. Researchers need more empirical evidence to understand the nature of the relationship between job satisfaction and work outcomes in a non‐Western context in general and in Greater China in particular.Design/methodology/approachThe paper represents a conceptual work that draws on the metrical literature review within the field of organizational behavior.FindingsReview of empirical studies regarding job satisfaction shows that in Greater China, including Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, job satisfaction has a different meaning than those presented in Western organizational behavior literature. The differences in the meaning of job satisfaction between Western interpretation and Eastern (i.e. Chinese) interpretation can be explained by differing Western and Eastern cultural values rather than stages of economic development. Thus, both scholars and practitioners are able to re‐examine the concept, construct and correlates between job satisfaction and its organizational outcomes in Greater China.Practical implicationsThe paper has implications for global management awareness in understanding complex meanings of job satisfaction and work outcomes in multinational enterprises and international joint ventures in Greater China.Originality/valueThe paper's findings raise awareness of potential shortcomings in using Western concepts, models and practices in Greater China and other non‐Western cultures. Moreover, it highlights the importance of cultural context and a need for further research in the area of organizational behavior from a Chinese cultural perspective.
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Arum, Dhiany Sukma, Dwiningtyas Padmaningrum, and Joko Winarno. "Kajian Dimensi Community-based Tourism dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata Sumberbulu." AGRITEXTS: Journal of Agricultural Extension 46, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agritexts.v46i1.61416.
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<p><em>Tourism development is currently directed towards sustainable tourism development. Domestic tourist visits to tourist villages are still low due to the lack of promotion of tourist villages due to budget constraints and local people themselves who do not understand the existence of tourist villages. One of the tourism concepts that can be applied to utilize local communities in the area is to introduce the concept of community-based tourism (CBT). This study aims to analyze the economic, social, cultural, environmental and political aspects which are the dimensions of CBT in the development of Sumberbulu Tourism Village. The basic research method used qualitative methods through a descriptive analysis approach. The determination of the research location was carried out intentionally in the Sumberbulu Tourism Village, Karanganyar Regency. The informants used in this study were purposive and snowball. Validation of data with source triangulation techniques and triangulation techniques. Data analysis used interactive data analysis. The results of the study show that the dimensions of CBT applied by the Sumberbulu Tourism Village include economic, social, cultural, environmental and political dimensions. The economic dimension applied is in the form of development funds, job creation, income generation and joint ventures. The social dimensions applied are in the form of involving members in every aspect, developing community pride, developing a quality of life and a fair distribution of roles, strengthening organizations, and authorizing communities. The cultural dimension applied is in the form of respecting and maintaining cultural uniqueness, helping to develop learning about cultural exchange, respecting cultural differences and human dignity. The environmental dimension applied is in the form of a carrying capacity area, ensuring environmental sustainability. The political dimension applied is in the form of institutional consolidation, increasing participation, guaranteeing rights in natural resource management.</em></p>
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Zhumadilova, M. A., Ye Sh Dussipov, and B. Zh Aıtımov. "THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE." REPORTS 2, no. 330 (April 15, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.41.
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The social relations taking place in electronic commerce and the category “electronic commerce” are studied, the qualifying features of this activity are identified, the correlation of the concepts “trade” and “electronic commerce” is made and the author’s definition of the concept and subject of legal regulation of public relations in the field of electronic commerce is developed. Thus, electronic commerce is often considered as a special form of transactions, in which their conclusion and execution is carried out using electronic means of communication. At the same time, the legal characteristics of transactions remain unchanged, and they must be regulated by the rules of law that regulate relations of the appropriate type (purchase-sale, transportation, contract, rent, etc.). According to this position, electronic data exchange does not change the essence of the relationship between the parties and affects only the form in which these relations are built. Within this approach, several points of view have been formed. A number of specialists consider electronic commerce as the production, advertising, sale and distribution of goods using telecommunication networks. Others interpret it as electronic business. In the world practice, the term “trade” has also been widely interpreted so that it covers issues arising from all relations of a commercial nature, both contractual and non-contractual. Trading relationship includes the transactions as follows: any trade transactions for the supply of goods or services or the exchange of goods or services; distribution agreements; commercial representation and agent relations, factoring; leasing; construction of industrial facilities; consulting services; engineering; purchase and sale of licenses; investment; financing; banking services; insurance; operating or concession agreements; joint ventures and other forms of industrial or business cooperation; transportation of goods and passengers by air, sea, train or car. One should recognize that such a broad understanding of trade does not contribute to a detailed study of this concept and it is not suitable in practice. Therefore, the economic meaning of the term "trade" is widely spread in modern science. In a broad sense, trade is considered as a branch of the national economy that ensures the circulation of goods, their movement from the sphere of production to the sphere of circulation. In a narrower sense, trade is defined as economic intermediation between producers and consumers which is carried out by the purchase of goods from producers in order to sell them to consumers and their further sale to other consumers. Electronic commerce is proposed to understand the implementation of actions provided for by law, other operations in the execution of transactions for the sale of goods, work and services based on electronic procedures by the parties of the transaction. At the same time, it is proposed to understand electronic procedures as a special procedure (rules, regulations) for electronic operations in a transaction, and electronic operation on a transaction as performing certain actions by the parties to the transaction to execute the transaction through remote interaction of the parties of the transaction, other entities and their information systems in electronic commerce.
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Dr. Harishchandra Ram. "Evolution and Development of Industrial Jurisprudence in India." Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v4n1.05.
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Industrial jurisprudence is an ideology to study the perspective and perception of those legislators who give the shape to be a labour legislation for governing the relation of workmen and employers. It is correctly said by Mahatma Ganghi that industry is the joint venture of workmen and employers. In the Hospital Mazdoor Sabha1 case the triple test theory introduced and it was reiterated and set up in the case of Banglore Water Supply2. In both cases the cooperation of workmen is made essential part to be any industry. The industrial jurisprudence provides the thinking to make the labour laws accordingly. When the laissez faire theory wiped out and placed the welfare state, workers has become the integral part of any industry. With this view the state made the labour legislation for governing the relation of workmen and employers. It has been felt by most of the country of world that there must be apply tripartism; it means state will interfere with the labour regulations to settle the both relations. For this purpose state made the various laws, which are existed. In June 1998the International Conference proposed the fundamental labour policy for the World. Certain points of hose policy are existed in Indian labour jurisprudence. First, freedom of association, second, right to collective bargaining, third, elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour, fourth abolition of child labour and fifth, elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Industrial jurisprudence is more dynamic for industrial governance. With this ideology, the State utilizes the modus operandi accordance with the need of regulation for harmonious relation between employers and employees. When the Constitution of India commenced the concept of social justice gave the pace to the welfare labour legislation. The outcome of concept, the social assurance and social assistance are also prevalent with the ideology of social justice. It is the spirit of the Constitution. Now, it is being expected that there will be dynamic change in industrial jurisprudence by introducing the new economic policy for the upliftment of industry as well as labours. It not need to be panic the new exit policy will destroy the fundamental rights of the workers.
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FOMISHYNA, V. M., T. V. YAKYMCHUK, N. Ye FEDOROVA, and M. Ye REZANOV. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT THE ENTERPRISE." Economic innovations 24, no. 1(82) (March 20, 2022): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2022.24.1(82).154-165.
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Topicality. The development of international economic integration and globalization of the world economy contributes to the intensification of foreign economic activity of enterprises, which opens up opportunities for economic growth through the expansion of sales channels. At the same time, operations in the foreign market are characterized by a significant degree of risk, the need for a detailed investigation of the political and economic situation ,the legal basis of foreign economic transactions, etc. Small and medium enterprises should be the basis of the economy of a developed country. Nowadays, Ukrainian authorities stimulate the creation of such enterprises and their entry into foreign markets through the Entrepreneurship and Export Promotion Office. The implementation of foreign economic activity in a small enterprise is more risky and challenging than in a large one. Therefore, the study of the peculiarities of the management strategy for the introduction of foreign economic activity at the enterprise is a topical issue today. Aim and tasks. The paper aims to develop and improve theoretical and methodological approaches to evaluation and selection of the management strategy for the introduction of foreign economic activity, which can be used by Ukrainian enterprises for the attraction of additional opportunities to foreign markets. Research results. The research results of theoretical and methodological approaches to the evaluation and selection of the management strategy for the introduction of foreign economic activity at the enterprise are presented. According to the investigation results of the ?strategic management? concept in the scientific literature from a general scientific point of view and taking into account the peculiarities of strategic management of the foreign economic activity, a modern understanding of strategic management is determined. Knowledge of these features allowed showing the logic of foreign economic activity strategic management process at the enterprise. Basic corporate strategies and ways of their implementation are proposed for the foreign economic activity strategy development. Their essence is specified using the sub-strategies, the so-called alternatives to the basic strategy. It is shown that the decision on the optimal choice of alternatives of foreign economic strategy is made by the company's management, taking into account the results of previous analytical work and assessment of potential markets, time constraints, and scale of activity. Analytical tools for the selection of strategic alternatives are offered. It is recommended to conduct a PEST/PESTEL analysis of the most perspective markets to select a market for expansion. Porter's Five Forces model is proposed to investigate the existing competition in the market. It will help to choose the best timing of entry. To choose the scale of market entry, an enterprise should consider the advantages and disadvantages of basic entry modes: exporting, licensing, joint venture, wholly owned subsidiaries. The proposed basic corporate strategies can be used alone or in combination. Conclusion. Strategic management of the introduction of foreign economic activity is part of the company's development strategy and is subject to its mission. The introduction of foreign economic activity is preceded by the development of alternative strategies based on the peculiarities of economic activity of the enterprise; its internal and external environment, and foreign markets. Decisions on the optimal choice of alternatives to foreign economic strategy are made by the company's management, taking into account the results of previous analytical work and assessment of potential markets, time constraints, and scale of activity.
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Abdin, Joynal. "Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2015040104.
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During the liberation war in 1971 a nationalist weave emerged which gives Bangladeshis a spirit of freedom and dignity of independence but it also results on more reserved position in case of economic policy. Policy makers at that period used to see foreign companies access with a negative eyes. Foreign investments were discouraged as a result foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in Bangladesh till 1980 is very insignificant. The growth of Bangladesh's FDI inflow was around US$ 308 – 356 million for long fifteen years (1980 – 1995) which started with an amount of US $ 0.090 million in 1972. Afterwards this concept has been changed into a reverse position and government start encouraging foreign direct investment from 1990s. A series of policy incentives, investment sovereignty has been offered to the FDI investors including tax holiday for several years, duty free facility for importing capital machinery, 100% foreign ownership, 100% profit repatriation facility, reinvestment of profit or dividend as FDI, multiple visa, work permit to foreign executives, permanent resident or even citizenship for investing a specific amount, Export Processing Zone (EPZ) facility, and easy hassle free exit facility. Potential sectors of can attract more FDI are power generation, infrastructure development, private port establishment, joint venture with deep sea port establishment under PPP, ship building, ICT sector, call center, education, healthcare, mining, gas extraction, agro processed product, electrical & electronics, light engineering, and fashion designing etc. After so many incentives offered by the government till now FDI Inflow into Bangladesh is not at a satisfactory level. During last few years fresh FDI investment in not taking place. From the statistics of last few years it is quite clear that, reinvestment of locally earned profit is the major amount of FDI into Bangladesh. Fresh FDI inflow is decreasing day by day. Government has to investigate the issue and undertake necessary measures to increase fresh FDI into Bangladesh.
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Brown-Leonardi, Carol J. "Notions of property: traditional land use and boundaries in the Deh Cho region." Polar Record 48, no. 3 (May 16, 2012): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247412000150.
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ABSTRACTThe Deh Cho Dene have been negotiating territorial land since early European settlement. This paper argues that the changing needs of Deh Cho Dene society has changed their concept of property and this transformation has evolved with a responsibility to conserve cultural practice and ecological balance in Deh Cho Dene territorial lands. The article considers how the changing need of European society addresses property and ownership in the context of basic human rights and consumer interests. It uses the theories of Macpherson, Locke, and Marx to construct a model to understand the property relations that exist in the Deh Cho Dene region. Accordingly, the paper addresses oral narratives to give historical insight into the relations between neighbouring tribal groups and their understanding of territorial boundaries. An account of present day negotiations highlights the various initiatives taken to protect traditional interests and uphold historical claim to the territory. The negotiation of joint ventures and property ownership has evolved with concerns over ecological sustainability and the protection of a subsistence lifestyle, which is critical for the social and economic interests of Deh Cho Dene culture, and is closely connected to the land.
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Gammed, Salem A. "Libyan Economic Policy and Joint Venture Investments." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 4, no. 1 (1997): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129898x00035.
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Luo, Xinyuan, Jian Yin, Hongtao Jiang, Danqi Wei, Ruici Xia, and Yi Ding. "Venture Capital Syndication Network Structure of Public Companies: Robustness and Dynamic Evolution, China." Systems 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11060302.
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Venture capital plays a vital role in boosting economic growth by providing an inexhaustible impetus for economic innovation and development. We use all the joint venture capital events of Chinese listed companies in the past 10 years to describe the characteristics of the joint venture capital network structure, identify the dynamic evolution characteristics of the community, and introduce random attacks and deliberate attacks to explore the resilience of joint venture capital cooperation. The study finds that the joint venture capital network in China has expanded in scale, with an increasing number of participants and a diversified investment industry. However, the connection between members within the network remains relatively loose, indicating fragmentation and a need to improve network quality. The community structure of core members is significant, with evident differences in scale. The network exhibits weak robustness, relying heavily on key enterprises and demonstrating a poor ability to resist external interference. The study proposes countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the network structure of joint venture capital, aiming to enhance the environment and performance of joint venture capital and promote the high-quality development of China’s joint venture capital market.
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Chernyavs'ka, Iryna. "The concept of developing joint entrepreneurship as a specific form of technology transfer." University Economic Bulletin, no. 44 (February 12, 2020): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-44-136-143.
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The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study is to analyze joint entrepreneurship as a specific form of technology transfer, taking into account modern strategic goals of domestic enterprises. Methodology. The article relies on scientific research in this area by domestic and foreign scholars. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the article are a set of principles and methods of scientific research: the principle of systematization and theoretical generalization, methods of structural and functional as well as of comparative analysis. Results. The article analyzes and defines the essence and nature of joint venture as a form of international scientific and technological cooperation within technological platforms; it reviews and improves the mapping of joint venture implementation; the article suggests a model of selection mechanism for effective form of joint venture. Practical implications. The implementation of the mechanism for selecting an effective form of joint venture, developed in this study, can potentially yield good results and improve the level of competitiveness of domestic enterprises. Value (originality). This study emphasizes the problem of selecting forms of joint entrepreneurship in the process of technology transfer and analyzes a number of factors of interaction between enterprises. The conducted research shows that the development of inter-company relations is a characteristic feature of modern global and domestic economy. The analysis shows that the success and effectiveness of cooperation depends on the form of joint venture.
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Vovk, V. А., and O. М. Afanasieva. "Strategic positioning of the company on the international market." Вісник Східноукраїнського національного університету імені Володимира Даля, no. 4 (274) (November 10, 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2022-274-4-5-9.
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The presented work examines the peculiarities of the strategic positioning of enterprises aiming to enter foreign markets.
Based on the generalized provisions of the concepts of strategic positioning and the defined essence of the strategic position, it is possible to conclude on the expediency of taking into account the position reflected in the relationship with the main groups of participants in the external environment of the enterprise: competitors; consumers or customers; suppliers; investors, creditors, partners; state
There are three main ways for a company to enter international markets: export, direct investment, and joint venture. The company itself chooses a more profitable way to enter the international market, thereby evaluating its strengths and weaknesses and predicting possible profits and losses. For this, the company uses the criteria by which it evaluates the consumer niche, industry, and competing companies.
After the analysis of international markets, for a modern enterprise in the conditions of fierce competition, it is necessary to develop an international strategy for the sale of products.
Building a sales channel on the international market consists of six stages, after passing which the company will be able to achieve significant success in the direction of foreign economic activity. By determining the responsibilities of the partners, the majority of responsibility can be retained by the manufacturer, transferred to intermediaries, end users, specialized intermediaries (consultant, advertising agency, transport company) or even shared among the channel participants.
Development of local production and export of products to other countries is an appropriate strategy for the further increase of sales on the world market. This reduces the risk and the need for financial resources, and also allows to minimize direct investments in foreign companies. In this case, this strategy is the least expensive and optimal under the given conditions, level of quality and production. If you consider other strategies as possible alternatives, then you should pay attention to the multinational strategy, which helps the company to enter new markets, while making the necessary changes in products for each individual consumer country.
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ANDRÄ, Jan. "Institution for risk sharing : international joint venture." Economics and Business Review 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2012.4.854.
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International joint venture as a form of business organization has become quite important in the post-liberalization period. Although an international joint venture has an independent legal status, it is organized for the joint benefit of the foreign and local firm. An international joint venture, defined as an agreement about revenue and cost-sharing rules, can be designed to enhance the level of foreign direct investment under the presence of economic risk. For example, foreign direct investment in economies in transition and emerging markets may be discouraged by fluctuations in the value of local currency or market risk when the entire revenue is generated through local sales. We argue that a properly designed joint venture scheme between an international firm (source country) and a local partner (host country) may resolve such an economic incentive problem. (original abstract)
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Buckley, Peter J., and Mark Casson. "An Economic Model of International Joint Venture Strategy." Journal of International Business Studies 27, no. 5 (December 1996): 849–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490154.
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Dmytrenko, Аlla, and Valeria Kolisnyk. "Theoretical foundations of financial controlling joint activities as a concept of business administration." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 4(75) (December 27, 2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2019.4(75).1865.
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The role of financial controlling as an integral part of the joint venture sustainable development management system is investigated in the article. The basic stages, concepts, functions, principles of formation and development of financial controlling are characterized. The necessity of organization is substantiated and the basic stages of introduction of financial control in management of development of joint venture are proposed.
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McAlister-Smiley, Sarah A., and Joanna M. Spanjaard. "The prisoner's dilemma: gaming risk in joint venture gas arrangements." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17077.
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This paper explores the concept of gaming risk in joint venture gas agreements. It uses examples from the Queensland coal seam gas to liquefied natural gas projects to explore the objectives and risks from the perspective of various joint venture players. It considers the relative positions of joint venture parties: operator/non-operator, differing upstream and downstream operators, project participant/gas customer and majority/minority stakeholder. It also focuses on key risks from the relative perspective of each participant and how the joint venture construct can be used to obtain an optimal outcome for all parties. Where residual risk remains, this paper discusses how it can be managed through effective governance and control frameworks. The concept of game theory is usually espoused as a theoretical example of the prisoner’s dilemma. In the dilemma, each suspect can avoid a jail term if they squeal on their accomplice and the other stays silent. If, however, both suspects remain silent they both serve a minimum sentence. Readers may also be familiar with the phrases ‘win-win’ and ‘suspending self-interest’. Game theory has many applications – from business strategy to politics to war simulations. It has even been used to analyse the Brexit outcome. The gas industry is no exception. We have seen a plethora of joint venture arrangements in the gas industry, attempting to achieve optimal decision making while addressing the differing appetites for the amount and type of risks of the joint venture parties.
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Scott, Norman. "Establishing and Financing of a Joint Venture." Revue générale de droit 19, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 787–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058497ar.
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This article deals with a Guide prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe concerning east-west joint ventures. The publication focusses on the issues arising in the establishment and operation of east-west joint ventures in those European members countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) which now allow this form of industrial co-operation in their respective territories — namely, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union. In parallel with that Guide, the author exposes the importance and the contents of the contract itself with its main provisions.
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Grant, Brad. "Joint Ventures in the Canadian Energy Industry." Alberta Law Review 50, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr254.
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This article explores the concept of a joint venture and the use of joint venture agreements in the Canadian energy industry. The discussion is particularly timely as there have been a number of significant joint ventures in the Canadian energy industry, particularly with respect to Asia Pacific investors who have spent billions of dollars to lock up parts of Canada’s oil and gas reserves. With a growing demand for energy among Asia Pacific countries, the article suggests that joint ventures will continue to be significant in the development of Canada’s energy industry. This article provides an overview of the different forms of joint ventures (the corporation, partnership, and contractual joint venture) and the risks and benefits associated with each. This article also addresses some of the key issues with respect to joint ventures generally.
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Burhanuddin*, Burhanuddin, Agussalim Agussalim, and Wahyuni Wahyuni. "History and Empirical: The Influence of Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) as Joint Venture on the Brotherhood Principle on Village Economic Independence." JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah 8, no. 2 (April 17, 2023): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jimps.v8i2.24671.
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This study aims to analyze and describe "Historical and Empirical: The Influence Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) as a Joint Venture on the Principle of Brotherhood on Village Economic Independence". Respondents to this study were BUMDes administrators and the people of Nggembe Village, Bolo District, Bima Regency, totaling 47 people. The research instruments are questionnaires and documentation. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The results of the research in terms of the history of the establishment of BUMDE are venture entities whose main motive is not solely seeking economic profit, but rather community-based empowerment activities by utilizing village potential so that they have added economic value based on the spirit of joint on the principle of brotherhood. Empirically, BUMDes as a joint venture on the principle of kinship has a significant and positive effect on village economic independence. The managerial implications of this research are that the implementation of a joint business on the principle of kinship through the business partnership movement developed by BUMDEs is a major factor in success in business management.
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Etzkowitz, Henry, and Chunyan Zhou. "Developing venture capital system beyond economic capital concept." Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China 4, no. 3 (September 21, 2012): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17561411211288903.
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Purwaningsih, Sri, and Agnes Maria Janni Widyawati. "JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENT AS A FORM OF INVESTMENT COOPERATION." JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.46930/jurnalrectum.v5i1.2714.
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According to the 1945 Constitution. The economic growth must promote equitable prosperity, high growth, and steady national stability. To achieve this goal, it is not easy, because the Indonesian people face many challenges. Ways that must be taken to extend financial development incorporate venture, utilize of innovation, increment information, move forward organizational and administration aptitudes. In this case, venture plays an imperative part. Joint Venture is a collaboration between foreign investors and foreign investors. In international business, joint ventures are used in various kinds of agreements, including joint production agreements (Corproduction Agreements), production sharing agreements (license agreements) and management contracts (Management Contracts).
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Hoffjan, Andreas, and Martin Karlowitsch. "The Balanced Scorecard as a Framework for Measuring International Joint Ventures Performance." Indonesian Management and Accounting Research 12, no. 2 (July 5, 2013): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/imar.v12i2.1170.
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International joint ventures present a factor that becomes more and more important in the commercial activities of companies. However, the development of systems for performance measurement of joint ventures remains largely unsolved. In this article, the Balanced Scorecard is adjusted to the requirements of joint ventures. This concept is especially appealing for joint ventures, because mere financial performance measurement is absolutely inadequate, if non-financial goals are pursued by the joint venture-partners. It reduces the complexity of the decision-making process by its focus on critical success factors and their clustering into four perspectives. As the utilization of synergies and soft factors like mutual trust and harmony are crucial for the success of joint ventures, the authors suggest the addition of a cooperation perspective to incorporate these issues. The concrete application and the design of the different perspectives of a Balanced Scorecard are illustrated by the example of the Chinese-German joint venture Ameco.Key words : international joint venture; balanced scorecard; performance measurement, case study
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Seiso, Modisaotsile Patrick, Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo, and Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa. "Joint Ventures in the South African Construction Industry: Factors Militating against Success." Buildings 13, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051299.
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Joint construction ventures are a global business partnership approach to accomplishing jointly executed construction objectives. The success of joint ventures is not achieved without militating factors and complexity affecting the process. This study assessed the militating factors against joint venture success in the construction industry in South Africa. A quantitative research approach was adopted, using a purposive sampling technique to select participants for this study. In total, 190 copies of the questionnaire were sent out to construction stakeholders in Gauteng province, South Africa, and 185 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved. Data analysis was conducted in three stages: data reliability and validity, descriptive statistics, and exploratory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) returned seven factors that provided a relevant understanding of the militating factors against joint venture success: differences in partners’ work values, ineffective regulatory frameworks, undefined goals, clashes between partners’ cultural values, economic viability, operational constraints, and conflicts of interest. This study recommends that joint venture formulation requires due diligence from partners to understand policy, organisational culture, sharing ratios, and economic viability to avoid unnecessary conflicts of interest and operational constraints.
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Sunarto, Nazrantika, and Suharyono Suharyono. "ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK CAMPURAN DAN BANK ASING DI MASA KRISIS." Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/inovbiz.v4i1.33.
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Abstract: The global economic crisis has led various global financial ins- titutions suffered losses. Banking ratio measurement is useful to assess the risk base bank rating and growth of banking. This study aims to determine whether there are significant differences between risk base bank rating of foreign banks and joint venture banks before the global crisis until after the global crisis. The risk base bank rating is measured using the ratio of CAMEL. Total population consisted of 23 banks; 15 joint venture banks and 8 foreign banks. In hypothesis testing, different test of Mann Whitney was used. The research proved that the risk base bank rating of foreign banks and joint venture banks before and during the global crisis, during and after the global crisis, and before and after the glo- bal crisis did not have a significant difference. Keywords: CAMEL, Foreign, Joint Venture, Banks, Crisis.
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Pererva, P., M. Maslak, and A. Kobielieva. "Methodological principles of marketing support of intellectual property commercialization." Marketing and Digital Technologies 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/mdt.6.2.2022.3.
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The aim of the article. The purpose of this study is to form scientific and methodological provisions and practical recommendations for determining methodological and organizational and economic dominants, which become one of the main driving forces to ensure an effective process of commercialization of intellectual and innovative technologies. Analyses results. Theoretical and methodological issues of marketing support of intellectual technologies are considered. A study of the essence of the term "intellectual property" and based on the generalization of existing proposals of various researchers provided an author's definition of this definition. The category of "intellectual property" is proposed to be understood as a system of relationships that arise in the process of creating and using an intellectual product, as well as the distribution of the results of this use. This definition combines the key components of the system of property relations: the right of ownership, use and disposal of property, as well as the main characteristic of objects - their belonging to an intellectual product. The degree and efficiency of their commercialization is determined as the main component of marketing support of intellectual and innovative technologies. The main prerequisites for the emergence of the term "intellectual property", which include historical, technological, economic, legal and psychological. The need to separate the need to separate the concepts of "intellectual property", "intellectual capital", "intellectual product" and "intangible assets", which are often used in the same context, but have significant semantic differences. The study of the most commonly used models of commercialization of technologies allows us to identify the following: use in their own production; sale of property rights; licensing; strategic alliance; joint venture; creation of a dedicated enterprise. The level of commercial risk when using different models of technology commercialization is determined. It has been proven that the sale of property rights is the least risky, because in most cases it is a one-time exchange of money for technology. Conclusions and directions for further research. The study of marketing support of intellectual and innovative technologies allows to assess the methodological and scientific-theoretical essence of intellectual property from new perspectives. The predominant identification of this category only with legal mechanisms does not allow the full introduction into commercial circulation of both directly intellectual property and innovative technologies created with its use. There is a real opportunity in a completely different direction to carry out market commercialization using different models of commercialization. The authors connect the prospects of further research with the development of a mechanism for effective management of intellectual property in an industrial enterprise and the creation of methodological bases for assessing the commercial potential of intellectual and innovative technologies at all stages of their life cycle.
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K. B, Subhash. "Venture Capital - Success Factor for Business Ideas." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2003): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.3.5.
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This article tries to give a comprehensive meaning to the concept of venture capital by taking into account all relevant aspects associated with it. Secondly the origin, growth and development of modern concept of venture capital around the world are being discussed. Thirdly, the present status of venture capital scenario explains about the trends and tendencies happening around the world. Finally the role of venture capital in promoting the economic development, a brief discussion on the impact of venture capital on the economy and the article concludes with the future trend.
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Swinth, Robert L., and Karen L. Vinton. "Do Family-Owned Businesses Have a Strategic Advantage in International Joint Ventures?" Family Business Review 6, no. 1 (March 1993): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1993.00019.x.
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In an increasingly turbulent global economic environment, companies are searching for winning ways of doing business internationally. One frequently discussed type of business is the joint venture. In this article, we argue that the likelihood of success for an international joint venture increases when both partners are family-owned businesses. These firms have shared values and goals that enable them to bridge cultural barriers more effectively than publicly held corporations.
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Lovas, Anita. "Venture philianthropy investments." Economy & finance 8, no. 3 (2021): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33908/ef.2021.3.4.
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Consideration of social and environmental values is not a new concept in finance, but Social Finance and Social Investments have become prominent following the crisis. Based on empirical surveys, the social approach has been incorporated into the strategy of venture capital funds, however, the ratio of target companies with a social focus is still limited in actual placings. Since social impact is considered side by side with expected financial return for the selection of companies, the composition of future management has been given more emphasis, for instance, are they capable of a comprehensive vision not limited to business objectives. They provide non-financial support in the period of an investment; joint goal setting and coaching entrepreneurs are the most frequent features.
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Yu, Seon Bong. "A Study on Major Types of Foreign Direct Investment in China and Legal Considerations of Joint Venture Contracts." International Area Review 1, no. 1 (December 1997): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386599700100109.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1979 when the process of economic reforms started, foreign direct investment in China has increased dramatically as substantial legal and economic reforms have made foreign direct investment more predictable and more profitable. It is very crucial for foreign investors to select a proper type of foreign direct investment to be successful in China. Although there are a number of types of foreign investment, including companies limited by shares, most foreign investment enterprises have taken the form of joint ventures. In practice, a major consideration that most foreign investors face is how to successfully conclude a joint venture contract in conjunction particularly with antitrust issues and laws governing joint ventures. Thus, this paper examines major types of foreign direct investment, focusing on joint ventures, and also analyzes legal considerations of joint venture contracts, emphasizing their significance in foreign direct investment.
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Baranov, Alexander, and Elena Muzyko. "Using Real Options for the Evaluation of Venture Projects." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 18, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.12601.
Full textAbstract:
This paper considers the peculiarities of the application of the real options method for assessing the economic efficiency of venture investments in innovative projects from the venture fund’s position. The results of the practical use of the author’s approach for the evaluation of venture investments with real options are analyzed. The paper shows the applicability of the real options concept to the valuation of the effectiveness of venture capital investments. The use of the real options method raises the accuracy of the estimation and enhances the instruments of the venture fund in evaluating the economic efficiency of innovative projects.